CN108348444A - 耐久牙科成膜组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
耐久牙科成膜组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108348444A CN108348444A CN201680063380.0A CN201680063380A CN108348444A CN 108348444 A CN108348444 A CN 108348444A CN 201680063380 A CN201680063380 A CN 201680063380A CN 108348444 A CN108348444 A CN 108348444A
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- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
公开了一种耐久牙科成膜组合物，所述组合物包含：丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物，其中所述丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物以约0.1重量％至约50重量％的量存在；粘合剂；和口腔可接受的溶剂。还公开了使用所述组合物的方法。
Description
背景技术
应用于牙齿的聚合物递送系统已被用于保护牙齿免受细菌和牙斑形成的影响，提供活性剂诸如氟化物或抗菌剂的持续递送并将牙齿美白剂递送至牙齿。但是，现有的聚合物递送系统通常没有被证实足够耐久以长时间保持在牙齿上。牙齿通常通过刷牙和咀嚼而发生物理磨损，并且由于进食和饮水而暴露于许多不同的温度和pH水平。因此，在一般情况下，大多数聚合物不会长时间留在牙齿上。因此，本领域希望有一种稳定的递送系统，该系统可以向牙齿提供美白颗粒和其他活性成分，并且保护牙齿免于形成牙斑和生物膜，在常规活动如刷牙期间不会快速剥离。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种耐久牙科成膜组合物，该组合物包含：丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物，其中该丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物以约0.1重量％至约50重量％的量存在；粘合剂；和口腔可接受的溶剂。
由下文中所提供的详细说明，本公开的其他适用领域将变得显而易见。应当理解，详细说明和特定实例虽然指示典型的实施方案，但旨在仅用于说明的目的并且不旨在限制本公开的范围。
附图说明
图1A-1C显示了用现有技术的牙科成膜组合物(图1A)和根据本公开的两种牙科成膜组合物(图1B-1C)涂覆的牛牙齿块在温育、摩擦和刷牙挑战后的实例。
具体实施方式
以下对于实施方案的描述在性质上仅是示例性的，并且决不旨在限制本公开、其应用或用途。
如通篇所用，范围用作描述范围内的每个值的简略表达方式。范围内的任何值都可以选为范围终点。另外，本文引用的所有参考文献据此以引用的方式整体并入。如果本公开中的定义和所引用参考文献的定义发生冲突，则以本公开为准。
除非另外规定，否则本文和在本说明书中其他处表达的所有百分比和量应理解为是指重量百分比。给定的量是基于材料的有效重量计。
组合物
本发明人已令人惊讶地认识到，当与粘合剂如松香结合时，含有丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物的组合物即使在刷牙之后也比其他聚合物体系更耐久。因此，本发明的组合物是用于在牙齿上递送和持续施用美白剂和/或治疗剂的合适媒介物。本发明的组合物也可以用于保护牙齿免于染色以及形成生物膜和牙斑，否则会导致龋齿和牙龈炎。
聚合物/粘合剂组分
本公开涉及一种耐久牙科成膜组合物，该组合物包含成膜聚合物。如本文所用，“成膜聚合物”被理解为涵盖能够在牙基底上单独形成或在至少一种另外的试剂存在下形成连续和粘附膜的聚合物、预聚物和/或单体。术语“预聚物”是指已经反应至中等分子量状态的单体体系。该材料能够通过反应性基团进一步聚合以达到完全固化的高分子量状态。这样，反应性聚合物与未反应的单体的混合物也可以被称为预聚物。“单体”是可以与其他分子化学键合以形成聚合物的分子。
通常，本发明组合物中使用的成膜聚合物是丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物。如本文所用，“丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物”是指辛基丙烯酰胺(例如N-(1，1，3，3-四甲基丁基)-2-丙烯酰胺)和一种或多种选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和它们的简单酯的单体的共聚物。在典型的实施方案中，丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物是2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-甲基丙酯与2-丙烯酸和N-(1，1，3，3-四甲基丁基)-2-丙烯酰胺的聚合物(CAS 129702-02-9)，例如79，其可购自AkzoNobel Company，Surface Chemistry，Amsterdam，Netherlands。
在一些实施方案中，丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物以约0.1重量％至约50重量％，诸如约5重量％至约30重量％，诸如约5重量％至约20重量％范围内的量存在于本发明的组合物中。通常，丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物以小于约10重量％，诸如约9重量％的量存在。
本发明的耐久牙科成膜组合物还包含粘合剂。可以使用粘合剂来改善膜与基底(诸如牙齿表面)的粘附和/或增加涂覆膜的疏水性，这又有助于膜经受挑战(诸如摩擦或刷牙)的能力。
合适的粘合剂包括醇酸树脂、聚乙烯醇缩乙醛、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚(环氧乙烷)、聚丙烯酸酯、酮树脂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、分子量为200至1000的聚乙二醇和聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物(Polyox)。合适的粘合剂还包括具有烷基的有机磷酸化合物。烷基包括至少两个碳原子。优选的烷基包括3至约30个碳原子。有机硅树脂也是合适的。
在一些实施方案中，粘合剂包括有机硅压敏粘合剂(PSA)。PSA可以通过将有机硅树脂与有机硅氧烷诸如聚二有机硅氧烷缩合来产生。在一些实施方案中，有机硅聚合物通过以下方式形成：将硅烷醇封端的聚二有机硅氧烷诸如聚二甲基硅氧烷与含硅烷醇的有机硅树脂混合，由此聚二有机硅氧烷的硅烷醇基团经历与有机硅树脂的硅烷醇基团的缩合反应，使得聚二有机硅氧烷通过有机硅树脂轻微交联。催化剂(例如碱性物质，诸如氨、氢氧化铵或碳酸铵)可与硅烷醇封端的聚二有机硅氧烷和有机硅树脂混合以促进交联。通过使有机硅树脂与硅烷醇封端的聚二有机硅氧烷共聚，可以生产具有自粘性的聚合物和柔软的弹性体基质。
根据本公开的合适的PSA聚合物描述于美国专利公布号2015/0037266和美国专利公布号2005/0038181中，这些专利各自以引用方式全文并入本文。合适的市售PSA聚合物包括得自Dow Corning Corporation的BIO-PSA聚合物。这些PSA聚合物有三种有机硅树脂与有机硅聚合物比率，即65/35(低粘性)、60/40(中等粘性)、55/45(高粘性)。不受理论的束缚，据信，有机硅树脂与聚二有机硅氧烷的比率的变化导致BIO-PSA聚合物具有不同的粘性。
在一些实施方案中，粘合剂是合成树脂。合适的合成树脂包括Fluor Protector，其可得自Ivoclar Vivident AG，Liechtenstein。
在一些实施方案中，粘合剂是天然树脂。合适的天然树脂包括但不限于虫胶、松香及其组合。虫胶可商购获得并且可以随溶剂(例如乙醇)一起提供。一种这样的市售虫胶(称为Refined Pharmaceutical Glaze)可得自Mantrose-Haeuser Co.，Inc.Wes中ort，CT。
可包含在本发明的组合物中的合适松香包括但不限于木松香、脂松香、妥尔油松香及其混合物。合适的松香可以呈粗制或精制状态。
在一些实施方案中，可以根据本公开使用的松香为至少部分氢化的。松香氢化程度越高，人眼所看到的就越无色，因为在松香中发现的双键倾向于吸收颜色。因此，如本文所述，当本发明的组合物中包含美白颜料时，通常使用完全氢化的松香。
在一些实施方案中，松香来自本领域称为松脂类的一类松香。松脂类的成员是非合成的天然来源的粘性树脂(例如，通常来源于各种松树)。松脂通常包含相当大一部分的与松香酸(C20H30O2)互为异构体的树脂酸组分。松脂的实例还可以包括二氢松香酸(C20H32O2)和/或去氢松香酸(C20H28O2)。松脂的范围可以从黑色到基本无色，但来自这一类的树脂通常为淡黄色至琥珀色并具有约1.07至约1.09g/cm3的密度。分别称为“松脂”的各种材料包括加拿大香脂、乳香香脂、榄香树脂、愈伤草树脂、妥卢香脂、秘鲁香脂和POLY-PALETM树脂，其为可得自Eastman Chemical Company，Kingsport，TN的部分二聚松香。
合适的市售松香包括FORALTMAX-E，一种已经蒸馏和二聚的完全氢化的树松香(Eastman Chemical Company)。FORALTMAX-E几乎无色，并且在一些实施方案中比松脂组分更稳定。FORALTMAX-E抗氧化并随时间推移保持其基本无色的特性。其他合适的市售松香包括STAYBELITETMResin-E，一种可得自Eastman Chemical Company的部分氢化松香，其也表现出良好的抗氧化性和浅色彩，但FORALTM AX-E由于其更强的抗氧化性和更好的保色性而更常用。其他合适的市售松香包括PAMITETM(妥尔油松香)、DYMEREXTM(二聚松香)、90(部分二聚松香)、DRESINATETM(松香皂)和PERMALYNTMNC-11(非结晶松香)，所有这些都可得自Eastman Chemical Company。
粘合剂(诸如松香)可以约0.1重量％至约25重量％，诸如约3.0重量％至约15重量％范围内的量存在于本发明的组合物中。通常，本发明的组合物中粘合剂的量为约4.5％至约9％。
口腔可接受的媒介物
在一些实施方案中，成膜聚合物和粘合剂分散或溶解于包含溶剂的口腔可接受的媒介物中。如本文所用，“口腔可接受的”是指组合物及其组分在所需水平下在口腔中使用是安全的。溶剂可以是乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、丁醇、水、丙酮、甲乙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、环己酮、环己烷、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、全氯乙烯、甲基乙二醇醋酸酯、甲苯、苯、乙醚、苯甲醇或其组合。通常，口腔可接受的溶剂是挥发性溶剂如乙醇。在一些实施方案中，非挥发性的水溶性溶剂可以包含在本公开的组合物中，诸如三醋精或甘油。
基于混合物的总重量，口腔可接受的溶剂可以按约0.1重量％至约99.5重量％的量存在，但约60％至约95％是典型的，80重量％至90重量％的量是更典型的，诸如约85％、诸如约81％、诸如约82％。
在典型的实施方案中，本发明的耐久牙科成膜组合物包含：量为约80重量％至约82重量％的作为乙醇的口腔可接受的溶剂，约9.0重量％的松香，以及约10重量％或更低重量的2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-甲基丙酯与2-丙烯酸和N-(1，1，3，3-四甲基丁基)-2-丙烯酰胺的聚合物。
在其他实施方案中，本发明的组合物还包含增塑剂，其用于改变膜的性质或用作例如另外的溶剂、分散剂或用作另一种成膜聚合物。这些添加剂在塑料和成膜领域是熟知的，并包括聚乙二醇(PEG)聚丙二醇(PPG)、PEG/PPG、邻苯二甲酸酯、磷酸酯、己二酸酯、壬二酸酯、戊二酸酯或癸二酸酯、脂肪酸酯柠檬酸酯、乙酸酯、丙酸酯或丁酸酯、乙基丁酸酯或乙基己酸酯、乙二醇酯、苯甲酸酯、偏苯三酸酯、磺酸酯、磺酰胺、苯胺、醇、醚和酮。基于总混合物的重量，增塑剂可以约0.01重量％至约5重量％的量存在，但1.0重量％的量是典型的。
更典型地，本发明的组合物中包含烷基纤维素醚。如本文所用，“烷基纤维素醚”是指纤维素的低级烷基醚，例如乙基纤维素，诸如乙氧基化程度为45％-50％且粘度为约3至约70毫帕秒(在Ubbelohde粘度计中在25℃下以5％溶液测得)的乙基纤维素。合适的烷基纤维素醚可从The Dow Chemical Company商购获得，例如，ETHOCELTM E7、ETHOCEL TME22或ETHOCEL TME50。
在一些实例中，烷基纤维素醚以约0.1重量％至约20重量％，诸如约1重量％至约10重量％，诸如约2-5重量％范围内的量存在于本发明的组合物中。在一些实例中，烷基纤维素醚是乙基纤维素。
在一些实例中，烷基任选被羟基取代，例如羟丙基纤维素可用在本发明的组合物中。在一些实施方案中，羟丙基纤维素以约0.01重量％至约1重量％范围内，诸如约0.25重量％或诸如约0.5重量％的量存在于本发明的组合物中。
在其他实施方案中，本发明的组合物包含乙基纤维素和羟烷基纤维素醚例如羟丙基纤维素的组合。乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素可以按约2∶1至约30∶1，诸如约10∶1，诸如约7.5∶1的比率存在于本发明的组合物中。在一些实施方案中，本发明的组合物包含约1.5％的乙基纤维素和约0.2％的羟丙基纤维素。
在一些实施方案中，口腔可接受的媒介物还可以包含表面活性剂。在一些实施方案中，表面活性剂增强配方的稳定性并且有助于通过去污力来清洁口腔表面。表面活性剂通常通过将美白剂彻底分散在整个口腔中来实现增加的预防作用。在一些实施方案中，合适的表面活性剂可用作表面活性剂、乳化剂和/或泡沫调节剂。
可使用任何口腔可接受的表面活性剂，它们大部分是阴离子型、非离子型或两性离子型的。合适的阴离子型表面活性剂包括但不限于C8-20烷基硫酸酯、磺化的C8-20脂肪酸甘油单酯的水溶性盐、肌氨酸盐、牛磺酸盐等。这些和其他种类的例示性实例包括十二烷基硫酸钠、椰油基甘油单酯磺酸钠、月桂基肌氨酸钠、月桂基羟乙基磺酸钠(sodium laurylisoethionate)、月桂醇聚醚羰酸钠(sodium laureth carboxylate)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠。合适的非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于泊洛沙姆、聚氧乙烯失水山梨糖醇酯诸如TWEENTM80、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、叔胺氧化物、叔膦氧化物、二烷基亚砜等。合适的两性型表面活性剂包括但不限于具有阴离子基团(诸如羰酸根、硫酸根、磺酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根)的C8-20脂肪族仲胺和叔胺的衍生物。合适的实例为椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱。
在一些实施方案中，一种或多种表面活性剂的存在总量可以为约0.1重量％至约4重量％。在一些实施方案中，一种或多种表面活性剂的存在总量可以为约0.2重量％至约2重量％，诸如约0.5重量％。
调味剂也可以包含在口腔可接受的媒介物中。有用的调味剂包括可操作以增强组合物的味道的任何材料或材料混合物。可使用任何口腔可接受的天然或合成的调味剂，诸如调味油、调味醛、酯、醇、类似材料及其组合。调味剂包括香草醛、鼠尾草、马郁兰、欧芹油、留兰香油、肉桂油、冬青油(水杨酸甲酯)、薄荷油、丁香油、月桂油、茴香油、桉树油、柑橘油、水果油和水果香精(包括源自柠檬、桔子、酸橙、葡萄柚、杏子、香蕉、葡萄、苹果、草莓、樱桃、菠萝等的那些)、源自豆类和坚果的调味剂(诸如咖啡、可可、可乐果、花生、杏仁)等，吸附的和包封的调味剂以及它们的混合物。还涵盖在本文的调味剂之内的是在口腔中提供芳香和/或其他感官效果(包括凉爽或温热效果)的成分。此类成分包括薄荷醇、乙酸薄荷酯、乳酸薄荷酯、樟脑、桉树油、桉油醇、茴香脑、丁香酚、肉桂、覆盆子酮(oxanone)、x-紫罗兰酮、丙烯基乙基愈创木酚(propenyl guaiethol)、麝香草酚、里哪醇、苯甲醛、肉桂醛、N-乙基-对-薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺、N，2，3-三甲基-2-异丙基丁酰胺、3-1-薄荷氧基丙烷-1，2-二醇、肉桂醛甘油缩醛(CGA)、薄荷酮甘油缩醛(MGA)以及它们的混合物。
在一些实施方案中，一种或多种调味剂任选的存在总量为约0.01％至约5％w/w。在一些实施方案中，一种或多种调味剂任选的存在总量为约0.05％至约2％w/w。在一些实施方案中，一种或多种调味剂任选的存在总量为约0.1％至约2.5％w/w。在一些实施方案中，一种或多种调味剂任选的存在总量为约0.1％至约0.5％w/w。在一些实施方案中，一种或多种调味剂任选的存在总量为约1.4％w/w。
可用于本文中的甜味剂包括口腔可接受的天然或人造、营养性或非营养性甜味剂。此类甜味剂包括右旋糖、聚右旋糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、糊精、干的转化糖、甘露糖、木糖、核糖、果糖、左旋糖、半乳糖、玉米糖浆(包括高果糖玉米糖浆和玉米糖浆固体)、部分水解的淀粉、氢化淀粉水解产物、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、阿斯巴甜、纽甜、糖精及其盐、三氯蔗糖、基于二肽的强增甜剂、环己氨基磺酸盐(cyclamate)、二氢查耳酮以及它们的混合物。一些实施方案中任选地包含一种或多种甜味剂。在一些实施方案中，一种或多种任选的甜味剂的存在总量为约0.005重量％至约5重量％。在一些实施方案中，一种或多种任选的甜味剂的存在总量为约0.01重量％至约1重量％。
如果需要，本发明的组合物中还可以包含着色剂、口感剂和/或其他添加剂。
本发明的耐久牙科成膜组合物可以呈液体或凝胶形式。在一些实施方案中，本发明的耐久牙科成膜组合物的粘度范围为约1.1mPa.S至约1000mPa.S，更典型地约1.1mPa.S至约100mPa.S并且甚至更典型地约3mPa.S至约15mPa.S。
美白剂
如本文所用，“美白剂”是影响其所施用的牙齿表面的美白的材料。可在本发明的组合物中使用任何本领域已知或开发的美白剂。
例如，在一些实施方案中，本发明的组合物包含美白颜料。在一些实施方案中，美白颜料包括大小范围从约0.1μm至约10μm且折射率大于约1.2的颗粒。合适的美白剂包括但不限于二氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒、氧化铝颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、氧化钙颗粒、氧化镁颗粒、氧化钡颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒、云母颗粒、滑石颗粒、磷酸四钙颗粒、无定形磷酸钙颗粒、α-磷酸三钙颗粒、β-磷酸三钙颗粒、羟基磷灰石颗粒、碳酸钙颗粒、磷酸锌颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒及其组合。美白颜料诸如二氧化钛颗粒的量可足以使牙齿美白。
在一些实施方案中，美白剂是羟基磷灰石。与本公开的组合物一起使用的羟基磷灰石美白剂可以是化学式为Ca5(OH)(PO4)3的磷酸钙盐。羟基磷灰石的制备在本领域中是熟知的，并且公开在例如美国专利号4,274,879和美国专利号4,330,514中，其以引用方式全文并入本文。如果存在的话，羟基磷灰石美白剂的浓度范围可以是约0.5重量％至约60重量％，典型地约15重量％至约40重量％。
在其他实施方案中，美白剂是赋予牙齿非白色以进一步提高牙齿白度的颜料。如本领域所知，白色物质的视觉感知可通过沉积光学增亮剂、蓝色颜料或蓝色染料而改变。这种效果常用于衣物洗涤剂产品中以便使得白色衣物对人眼来讲呈现为“更白的”。相同概念已被应用于牙齿美白。参见授予Colgate-Palmolive Company的PCT公开号WO 2015/099642，其以引用方式全文并入本文。
典型地，赋予颜色的颜料是紫色或蓝色的，诸如颜料蓝15，更典型地颜料蓝15∶1、15∶2、15∶3、15∶4、15∶5或15∶6，最典型地15∶1。
赋予本发明组合物颜色的颜料的量为约0.01重量％至约0.3重量％，典型地约0.01重量％至约0.1重量％，更典型地约0.01重量％至0.08重量％，诸如约0.075重量％。
在一些实施方案中，美白剂为氧化剂、还原剂或其组合。在最广泛的含义中，“氧化剂”旨在包括在正常且认可的使用期间可接受来自口腔环境中的另一种分子的电子而对口腔没有有害或不可接受的损害作用的那些化合物。
适合与本发明的组合物一起使用的氧化剂包括过氧化物、亚氯酸盐和次氯酸盐。合适的亚氯酸盐和次氯酸盐的实例包括具有碱或碱性金属阳离子的那些，并包括亚氯酸钙、亚氯酸钡、亚氯酸镁、亚氯酸锂、亚氯酸钠、亚氯酸钾、次氯酸钙、次氯酸钡、次氯酸镁、次氯酸锂、次氯酸锂和次氯酸钠。
在各种实施方案中，美白剂包含过氧化物化合物。如本文所提及的，“过氧化物化合物”是包含二价氧-氧基团的氧化化合物。过氧化物化合物包括过氧化物和氢过氧化物，诸如过氧化氢、碱金属和碱土金属的过氧化物、有机过氧化合物、过氧酸、其药学上可接受的盐及其混合物。碱金属和碱土金属的过氧化物包括过氧化锂、过氧化钾、过氧化钠、过氧化镁、过氧化钙、过氧化钡及其混合物。有机过氧化合物包括过氧化脲(也称为脲过氧化氢)、甘油基过氧化氢、烷基过氧化氢、二烷基过氧化物、烷基过氧酸、过氧酯、二酰基过氧化物、过氧化苯甲酰、单过氧邻苯二甲酸盐及其混合物。过氧酸及其盐包括有机过氧酸诸如烷基过氧酸，以及单过氧邻苯二甲酸盐及其混合物，以及无机过氧酸盐，诸如碱金属和碱土金属诸如锂、钾、钠、镁、钙和钡的过硫酸盐、二过硫酸盐、过碳酸盐、过磷酸盐、过硼酸盐和过硅酸盐，及其混合物。典型地，过氧化物化合物包括过氧化氢、过氧化脲、过碳酸钠或其混合物。
在其他实施方案中，美白剂为还原剂。在最广泛的含义中，这个术语旨在包括在正常且认可的使用中可向口腔环境中的另一种分子供出电子而对口腔没有有害或不可接受的损害影响的那些化合物。这个术语的同义词为防腐剂或抗氧化剂。存在许多已被证明可用作还原剂的化合物。目前被公认用于此目的此类化合物的列表可见于参考手册和涉及药物和口腔护理产品的概括资料中。合适的实例包括维生素C及其酯、维生素E、苯甲酸酯和羟基苯甲酸酯、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)和其他还原性酚、二羟基喹啉衍生物、聚合的2，2，4-三甲基-1，2-二羟基喹啉的衍生物以及没食子酸烷基酯，诸如没食子酸十二烷基酯、没食子酸乙酯、没食子酸辛酯和没食子酸丙酯。在一些实施方案中，使用了维生素C、维生素E、BHA、BHT、没食子酸丙酯及其组合。
在各种实施方案中，氧化或还原美白剂占本发明的耐久牙科成膜组合物的约4.1％至约50％w/w，诸如约4.1％至约40％w/w，诸如约4.1％至约30％w/w。在其他实施方案中，美白剂诸如过氧化物以低浓度存在，例如约0.01％至约4％，诸如约0.1％至约4％，诸如约0.01％至约3％，诸如约0.05％至约3％，诸如约0.075％至约2％，诸如约0.1％至约1.5％，诸如约0.01％至约0.3％，诸如约0.1％至约0.3％或约0.1％。
复合美白剂
在一些实施方案中，本发明的组合物包含美白复合物。如本文所用，“美白复合物”包含与聚合物或共聚物复合的如本文所述的美白剂，其在暴露于高水性环境诸如在口腔中时释放美白剂。如本文所用，“复合物”是由涉及两个或更多个分子实体(离子型或不带电荷)例如美白剂和聚合物的松散缔合形成的实体。
与本申请的聚合物缔合的美白剂包括通常交联并且能够吸收、吸附、复合或以其他方式缔合本申请提供的美白剂的聚合物。此外，聚合物适合于保持本申请的美白剂。这种保持的美白剂源当被施用到要美白的牙齿上时将美白剂排出。
合适的聚合物和共聚物包括基于N-乙烯基内酰胺的聚合物和共聚物。通常，聚合物是交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，也称为聚-N-乙烯基-聚-2-吡咯烷酮并且通常缩写为交联“PVP”。PVP通常是指含有乙烯基吡咯烷酮(也称为N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮和N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮)作为单体单元的聚合物。该单体单元由一个极性酰亚胺基团、四个非极性亚甲基基团和一个非极性甲烷基团组成。交联PVP包括可作为由BASF，MountOlive，N.J.，USA销售的和以及作为由ISP Corporation，Wayne，N.J.，USA销售的INF-10购得的那些。
在一些实施方案中，交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与过氧化物美白剂诸如过氧化氢复合(下文称为“PVP-H202”)。在暴露于高水性环境时，诸如在口腔中，PVP-H202解离成单独的物质(PVP聚合物和H202)。合适的PVP-H202交联复合物在本领域中是已知的，并且例如在美国专利号5,122,370中进行了公开，该专利以引用方式全文并入本文。市售的吸附到交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮上的过氧化氢复合物包括例如由ISP Corporation，Wayne，N.J.，USA销售的Peroxydone XL-10和Peroxydone K-30。
本公开的一些实施方案提供包含约0.05重量％至约25重量％与美白剂复合的交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的组合物。其他实施方案提供一种耐久牙科成膜组合物，其包含约0.1重量％至约15重量％的与美白剂复合的交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。其他实施方案提供一种耐久牙科成膜组合物，其包含约0.25重量％至约10重量％的与美白剂复合的交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
治疗剂
在一些实施方案中，耐久牙科成膜组合物包含治疗剂。合适的治疗剂包括氟离子源。在一些实施方案中，氟离子源选自：氟化物、单氟磷酸盐(MFP)和氟硅酸盐。在一些实施方案中，一种或多种释放氟离子的化合物任选地以提供100至20,000ppm、200至5,000ppm或500至2,500ppm总氟离子的量存在。如果存在的话，本发明的组合物中氟化物的量在约0.1％至1.1％的范围内，典型地约1.1重量％。
治疗剂还可以包括亚锡离子或亚锡离子源以减轻钙损失。合适的亚锡离子源包括但不限于氟化亚锡、其他卤化亚锡诸如二水氯化亚锡、焦磷酸亚锡、有机亚锡羧酸盐诸如甲酸亚锡、乙酸亚锡、葡萄糖酸亚锡、乳酸亚锡、酒石酸亚锡、草酸亚锡、丙二酸亚锡和柠檬酸亚锡、乙醛酸亚锡(stannous ethylene glyoxide)等等。一种或多种亚锡离子源任选和例示性的存在总量为约0.01％至约10％，例如约0.1％至约7％或约1％至约5％。
治疗剂还可以包括抗微生物剂(例如抗菌剂)，诸如三氯生。可用的抗菌剂的例示性列表提供于授予Gaffar等的美国专利号5,776,435中，所述专利的内容以引用的方式并入本文。一种或多种抗微生物剂可以通常为约0.05％至约10％，例如约0.1％至约3％的抗微生物有效总量存在。
其他治疗剂包括但不限于钙离子源(例如碳酸钙)、锌离子源(例如柠檬酸锌)、钾离子源(例如氯化钾)或其组合。如果存在的话，本发明的组合物中离子源的量在约0.1重量％至5重量％的范围内，通常为约1重量％。碱性氨基酸例如游离或盐形式的精氨酸也可用作治疗剂。
方法
在各种实施方案中，本公开提供了通过将本公开的耐久牙科成膜组合物施用到牙齿表面上来保护牙齿表面免受污渍或细菌影响的方法和/或使人或动物受试者的牙齿表面美白的方法。如本文所用，“动物受试者”包括非人哺乳动物，诸如犬、猫和马。将耐久牙科成膜组合物与哺乳动物受试者的口腔表面接触，从而以高度有效的方式美白牙齿。
在一些实施方案中，可使用递送装置例如笔，例如美白笔或ACTISTM美白笔(Colgate-Palmolive Company，New York，NY)、具有足以实现美白作用的涂抹器诸如毡尖、毡垫、刷子、滚球或无纺垫的液体棒，将诸如液体或凝胶的耐久牙科成膜组合物直接施用于牙齿。也可以使用喷涂。
施用本发明组合物的另一便利方式是提供具有芯吸装置的管，以将本发明的组合物递送至从管突出的尖端。然后将尖端压在牙齿上以递送本发明的耐久牙科成膜组合物。这种类型的设备类似于“魔笔”。
一些实施方案提供了一种方法，其中将诸如美白笔的递送装置储存在口腔护理器具(诸如牙刷)内。在一些实施方案中，在将组合物施用于牙齿之前，将诸如美白笔的递送装置从口腔护理器具取出。在一些实施方案中，在用口腔护理器具刷牙之后将组合物施用于牙齿。
本文所述的实例和其他实施方案是示例性的并且不旨在限制描述本公开的组合物和方法的完全范围。可在本公开的范围内进行具体实施方案、材料、组合物和方法的等同改变、修改和变型，具有基本上类似的结果。
实施例
实施例1：配方
使用表1-3中规定量的以下成分制备牙科成膜组合物：无水乙醇，200Proof，PHARMCO-AAPER Company，Brookfield，CT；丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物，79，AkzoNobel Company，Surface Chemistry，Amsterdam，Netherlands；氢化松香，FORALTMAX-E全氢化松香，Eastman Chemical Company，Kingsport，TN和二氧化钛(TiO2)，KRONOS Worldwide Inc.，Chelmsford，MA。
将各表1-3中指定的成分在旋转混合罐中合并，且以3540转/分钟(rpm)混合四分钟。如下表1所示，配方1仅包含成膜聚合物79、二氧化钛(TiO2)和溶剂(乙醇，EtOH)。如下表2和表3所示，除了配方2和配方3还含有完全氢化松香之外，配方2和配方3各自含有与配方1相同的成分。
表1
表2
表3
实施例2.配方的耐久性试验
将各配方轻轻振摇，然后使用具有0.2mm喷嘴的喷枪在最大压力下(Master牌型号VC16-B22喷枪系统和MAS KIT-VC16黑色便携式迷你喷枪空气压缩机)将各配方喷涂到染色的牛牙齿块(每块六颗牙齿)上。对于每种配方，每个牛牙齿块都被喷涂直到污渍不再可见。
在喷涂之后，将每个牛牙齿块在2毫升人造唾液中在12孔板中在37℃下以48-50rpm温育过夜。16小时后，将涂覆后的牙齿从唾液中取出，冲洗，拍照，然后通过用戴手套的手指摩擦牙齿进一步挑战，再用牙刷和牙膏刷牙。
如图1A所示，用配方1(其包含成膜聚合物79，不含松香粘合剂)喷涂的牛牙齿在过夜温育后表现出明显的缺陷和剥离，即超过50％的涂覆区域。相反，用各自含有79和松香的配方2或3喷涂的牛牙齿保持完整。图1B和图1C。此外，在配方2和配方3涂层上观察到水滴，表明表面涂层是疏水的。图1B和图1C。如上所述，在所述温育和冲洗挑战之后，将牛牙齿块用戴手套的手指摩擦十五次。如在图1A中显而易见，使用配方1形成的涂层的90％以上可以被容易地擦掉，而使用配方2和3形成的涂层的超过95％在摩擦后保持完整。图1B和图1C。
图1B显示，即使用牙膏刷牙三十秒后，使用包含9.0％松香的配方2形成的涂层的超过90％仍保持几乎完整。相反，配方3涂层(图1C，其含有的松香仅为配方2的一半，即4.5％)很容易通过刷牙除去。具体地讲，图1C显示通过刷牙除去了超过50％的配方3涂层。通过用乙醇或其他醇擦拭牙齿表面可以除去剩余的涂层。
这些实施例表明，使用含有79和松香组合的组合物在牙齿上形成的涂层比仅含79的组合物更耐久。正如挑战性试验所表明的那样，添加松香改善了涂层的粘附性和耐水性，这有助于提高其耐久性。因此，消费者可以使用本发明的组合物作为牙齿上的薄膜涂层，而不必担心涂层会在正常的日常生活例如进食、饮水和刷牙过程中容易碎裂或剥落。
Claims (23)
1.一种耐久牙科成膜组合物，包含：
丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物，其中所述丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物以约0.1重量％至约50重量％的量存在，
粘合剂，和
口腔可接受的溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物为2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-甲基丙酯与2-丙烯酸和N-(1，1，3，3-四甲基丁基)-2-丙烯酰胺的聚合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述粘合剂为选自以下各项的至少一种：聚乙烯醇缩乙醛、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚(环氧乙烷)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物、有机硅树脂和具有烷基的有机磷酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述粘合剂是虫胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述粘合剂是松香。
6.根据权利要求5所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述松香选自脂松香、妥尔油松香、部分二聚松香、木松香及其混合物。
7.根据权利要求5所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述松香是松脂松香。
8.根据权利要求5所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述松香选自完全氢化松香和部分氢化松香。
9.根据权利要求5所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述松香是完全氢化松香。
10.根据权利要求5所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述松香以约0.1重量％至约25重量％范围内的量存在于所述组合物中。
11.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述口腔可接受的溶剂是乙醇。
12.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，
其中所述丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物以小于约10重量％的量存在于所述组合物中，并且其中所述丙烯酸酯/辛基丙烯酰胺共聚物是2-甲基-2-丙烯酸-2-甲基丙酯与2-丙烯酸和N-(1，1，3，3-四甲基丁基)-2-丙烯酰胺的聚合物，
其中所述粘合剂以约9.0重量％的量存在于所述组合物中，其中所述粘合剂是松香，
其中所述口腔可接受的溶剂以约80％至约82％范围内的量存在于所述组合物中，并且其中所述口腔可接受的溶剂是乙醇。
13.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述组合物还包含至少一种烷基纤维素醚。
14.根据权利要求13所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述至少一种烷基纤维素醚包含乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素。
15.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，还包含美白剂。
16.根据权利要求15所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述美白剂包含大小范围为约0.1μm至约10μm的美白颗粒，其中所述美白颗粒具有大于约1.2的折射率，并且其中所述美白颗粒选自二氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒、氧化铝颗粒、氧化锡颗粒、氧化钙颗粒、氧化镁颗粒、氧化钡颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒、云母颗粒、滑石颗粒、磷酸四钙颗粒、无定形磷酸钙颗粒、α-磷酸三钙颗粒、β-磷酸三钙颗粒、羟基磷灰石颗粒、碳酸钙颗粒、磷酸锌颗粒、二氧化硅颗粒、硅酸锆颗粒及其组合。
17.根据权利要求15所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述美白剂为二氧化钛，并且其中所述二氧化钛以约0.05重量％至约10重量％范围内的量存在于所述组合物中。
18.根据权利要求15所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述美白剂为羟基磷灰石。
19.根据权利要求15所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述美白剂为包含(a)过氧化氢和(b)交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的美白复合物。
20.根据权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述组合物还包含治疗剂。
21.根据权利要求21所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物，其中所述治疗剂选自氟离子源、钙源、亚锡离子源、锌离子源、钾离子源、抗菌剂及其组合。
22.一种保护人或动物的牙齿表面免受污渍或细菌影响的方法，包括：
将权利要求1所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物施用于口腔中的牙齿表面。
23.一种用于美白人或动物的牙齿表面的方法，包括：
将权利要求15所述的耐久牙科成膜组合物施用于口腔中的牙齿表面。
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| CN113197699A (zh) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-08-03 | 无锡时代天使生物科技有限公司 | 具有防龋功能的壳状牙科器械及其制作方法 |
| CN113226272A (zh) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-08-06 | 高露洁-棕榄公司 | 口腔护理组合物和其方法 |
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