CN108311633B - Multi-step forming equipment for large-specification straight bevel gear - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-size spur bevel gear multi-step forming equipment, which includes an upper mold base, a lower mold base, and the same spur bevel gear mold group placed between the upper mold base and the lower mold base. The straight bevel gear mold set includes flat dies, warm forging forming dies, warm forging shaping dies and cold forging finishing dies that are used in different gear processing processes. The forming equipment of the present invention is suitable for processing large-sized straight bevel gears. Based on the difference in forming resistance during different stages of gear forming, the forming process is divided into two forming stages: warm forging and cold forging on the basis of the original one-time forming; because The forming resistance changes greatly at different stages of the warm forging process. In order to protect the mold, the warm forging process is divided into three forging presses. After the processing technology is improved, the mold is improved, and one set of molds is changed to four sets of molds. After the mold is improved, the mold is processed according to the processing requirements. The forming equipment can be improved based on the movement of different parts of the mold.

Description

A multi-step forming equipment for large-size straight bevel gears

Technical field

The invention relates to a multi-step forming equipment for large-sized straight bevel gears, belonging to the technical manufacturing field of gears.

Background technique

Gear precision forging technology refers to a gear manufacturing technology in which gear teeth are directly obtained from recycled materials through precision forging to obtain a complete tooth shape, and the tooth surface does not require cutting processing, or only a small amount of finishing processing can be used.

For a long time, straight bevel gears have been cut by metal. The technology is mature and the process is reliable. However, the metal fibers at the tooth root of the gear are cut off, which weakens the strength of the gear. The cutting efficiency is low and the cost is high, making it unsuitable for mass production. Although the traditional direct one-time forging forming method improves processing efficiency and reduces material waste, the product accuracy is low and the mold wear is serious. Compared with the traditional cutting process, the gear precision forging process can improve the gear structure and mechanical properties; improve material utilization and production efficiency, reduce production costs; reduce tooth profile deformation during heat treatment, and improve tooth wear resistance and meshing stability and improve service life.

Ordinary one-time forging processing cannot perform segmented processing according to the forming resistance of the gear at different stages, resulting in serious mold wear. Moreover, the formed gear cannot be finished during one-time forging, resulting in low precision and flash edges after the gear forging, requiring an additional step. The machining process increases precision, thereby reducing corporate productivity.

In view of the problems of low machining production efficiency, serious material waste, inability to remove flash and severe mold wear during the one-time forging forming process, it is necessary to improve the mold and processing technology to avoid the problems caused by machining and one-time forging forming, and improve And improve the forming effect and quality of the mold, reduce production costs, improve production efficiency, and improve the mold forming process.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to provide a multi-step forming equipment for large-size straight bevel gears to avoid problems caused by machining and one-time forging forming, improve the forming effect and quality of the mold, reduce production costs, and improve production. efficiency and improve the mold forming process.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a large-size spur bevel gear multi-step forming equipment, including an upper mold base, a lower mold base, and a simultaneous mold base placed between the upper mold base and the lower mold base. Straight bevel gear mold set,

The same straight bevel gear mold set includes flat molds, warm forging forming molds, warm forging shaping molds and cold forging finishing molds that are used in different gear processing processes.

The flat die mold includes a flat die punch and a flat die concave die. The flat die punch includes a first flat die upper die and a second flat die upper die. The flat die concave die includes a first flat die lower die, The second flat mold lower mold,

The upper mold of the first flat mold is a cylindrical punch, the upper mold of the second flat mold is a cylindrical punch, and the upper mold of the first flat mold is snap-fitted in the upper mold of the second flat mold,

The first flat die lower die is a solid cylinder, the second flat die lower die is a cylinder, and the first flat die lower die is inserted into the second flat die lower die;

The warm forging forming die includes a warm forging forming punch and a warm forging forming concave die. The warm forging forming punch includes a coaxially arranged first warm forging upper die, a second warm forging upper die, and a third warm forging upper die. Forging upper mold and fourth warm forging upper mold, the warm forging forming concave mold includes a first warm forging lower mold, a second warm forging lower mold and a third warm forging lower mold coaxially arranged,

The first warm forging forming upper die is a cylindrical punch, the diameter of the lower end mold is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging forming upper die is snap-fitted in the second warm forging forming upper die,

The second warm forging forming upper die is a cylindrical concave die, and its outer port is provided with a tooth-shaped die. The tooth shape size of the tooth-shaped die is a semi-formed size, and its inner port is provided with a gear mounting hole die. The second warm forging upper mold is clamped and installed in the third warm forging upper mold.

The third warm forging upper mold is a cylinder, the second warm forging upper mold is clamped in the third warm forging upper mold, and the third warm forging upper mold is clamped in the fourth warm forging upper mold. In the warm forging forming upper die,

The fourth warm forging forming upper die is a cylinder,

The first warm forging forming lower die is a solid cylinder with a protruding part in the middle of its upper end face. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the corresponding model of spur bevel gear. The remaining protruding parts are non-working spur bevel gears. Ground shape model, the first warm forging lower mold is inserted into the second warm forging lower mold,

The second warm forging lower mold is a cylinder with a chamfer at the upper end of its inner wall. The second warm forging lower mold is inserted into the third warm forging lower mold.

The third warm forging forming lower die is a cylinder;

The warm forging shaping mold includes a warm forging shaping punch and a warm forging shaping concave die. The warm forging shaping punch includes a coaxially arranged first warm forging shaping upper die, a second warm forging shaping upper die, and a third warm forging shaping upper die. Forging and shaping upper die and fourth warm forging shaping upper die, the warm forging shaping concave die includes a coaxially arranged first warm forging shaping lower die, a second warm forging shaping lower die and a third warm forging shaping lower die,

The first warm forging shaping upper die is a cylindrical punch, the diameter of the end mold is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, and the first warm forging shaping upper die is inserted into the second warm forging shaping upper die,

The second warm forging shaping upper die is a cylindrical concave die, and the mold end is provided with a gear non-working end die. The second warm forging shaping upper die is snap-fitted in the third warm forging shaping upper die.

The third warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, and when the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die is working with the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die, they together form a non-working end face model of the gear, and the third warm forging shaping upper die is snap-fitted Located in the fourth warm forging shaping upper mold,

The fourth warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylinder, which moves synchronously with the third warm forging and shaping upper die during the forging process to protect the third warm forging and shaping upper die.

The first warm forging shaping lower die is a solid cylinder, with a first protruding part in the middle of the upper end surface. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the straight bevel gear to be processed. There is also a first protruding part on the periphery. There is a second protruding part, and the second protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the spur bevel gear,

The second warm forging lower mold is a cylinder, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first warm forging upper mold. The size of the model end of the second warm forging lower mold is the same as the theoretical size of the gear working surface to be processed. The first warm forging and shaping lower die is located in the second warm forging and shaping lower die,

The third warm forging and shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the second warm forging and shaping lower die, and the second warm forging and shaping lower die is located in the third warm forging and shaping lower die;

The cold forging finishing die includes a cold forging finishing punch and a cold forging finishing concave die. The cold forging finishing punch includes a first cold forging finishing upper die and a second cold forging finishing die that are coaxially arranged. Upper die, the cold forging finishing die includes a coaxially arranged first cold forging finishing lower die, a second cold forging finishing lower die and a third cold forging finishing lower die,

The first cold forging finishing upper die is a cylindrical punch, and a gear non-working end die is provided at the model end of the end.

The second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, and the first cold forging finishing upper die is clamped in the second cold forging finishing upper die, and is connected with the first cold forging finishing upper die during the forging process. Synchronized movement to protect the first cold forging finishing upper die,

The first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical concave die. There is a protruding part in the middle of the upper end face of the mold end. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the diameter of the gear shaft to be processed. There are other protrusions on the outer periphery of the upper end face of the mold end. part, the remaining protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the spur bevel gear,

The second cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, and its inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the first cold forging finishing lower die. The outer diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is equal to the first cold forging finishing outer diameter, and Equal to the inner diameter of the third cold forging finishing die,

The third cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, and the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first and second cold forging finishing dies. The first cold forging finishing lower die is located on the second cold forging finishing lower die. Above, the first and second cold forging finishing dies are both located in the third cold forging finishing lower die.

Preferably, the upper mold base includes an upper mold plate and an upper mold pressure block coaxially arranged in the upper mold plate.

Preferably, the lower mold base includes a large pressure block, a lower mold pressure block, a floating template, a compression ring, a spring, a floating pressure block, a lower template, and a workbench pad, and the large pressure block is coaxially snap-fitted on In the lower mold plate, the large pressure block is the supporting part of the lower mold pressure block and the compression ring. It is coaxially fixed under the lower mold pressure block and the compression ring to limit their upward and downward movement. The compression ring is sleeved on the lower mold. On the mold pressure block, the lower end of the compression ring is circumferentially provided with steps for fixing the large pressure block. The floating template is located above the compression ring. The floating template and the compression ring are connected through a sliding rod. The sliding rod is covered with a spring, which functions as energy storage and buffering. During the forging process, the energy of the floating template is stored. When the upper and lower dies are separated, the lower die is restored to its original position. The floating pressure block is coaxially arranged with the floating template. The outer diameter of the floating pressure block is equal to the inner diameter of the floating template installation place. The outer diameter of the floating pressure block is greater than the inner diameter of the floating template and smaller than the outer diameter of the floating template. The height of the floating pressure block is smaller than the height of the floating template. The lower mold pressure block is the A flat die lower die, a first warm forging forming lower die, a first warm forging shaping lower die, and a supporting part of the first cold forging finishing lower die restrict the downward movement of the corresponding lower die during different forging processes, as described The spring is the energy storage and buffering part of the pressure ring. It is installed on the sliding rod connecting the compression ring to the floating template. It stores other lower dies (except the first flat die lower die, the first warm forging forming lower die, and the first warm forging shaping lower die. The energy transmitted by the lower die, and other lower dies of the first cold forging finishing die).

Preferably, a mold protection device is also provided. The mold protection device includes an upper mold cover, a lower mold cover and an upper mold pad. The upper mold pad is fixed above the upper mold base, and the upper mold plate is fixed. Below the upper mold base, the lower mold sleeve is fixed on the lower mold base. The upper and lower mold sleeves are both cylinders. During different processing processes, the upper mold sleeve is coaxially fixed on the same straight line. The outermost side of the corresponding punch in the bevel gear mold set, and the lower mold sleeve is coaxially fixed to the outermost side of the corresponding concave mold in the same straight bevel gear mold set.

Preferably, the upper and lower stripping pins are hollow cylinders located between the pressure blocks of the upper and lower dies. During the warm forging and cold forging processes of the stripping pins, some scraps will be blocked into the upper and lower dies. The position can be used to clean up debris and other foreign matter.

Preferably, the guide post is a cylindrical guide element, which is connected to the floating module to ensure that the floating module moves in the vertical direction.

The invention also discloses a large-size spur bevel gear precision forging forming process, which uses a flat die to upset the raw material; uses a warm forging forming die to process the tooth shape; uses a warm forging shaping die to correct the tooth shape; and uses cold forging for finishing. The mold is deburred and the tooth shape is refined.

Specifically, it includes the following steps:

(1) Heat the processing raw materials to 850°C in an electric furnace;

(2) Place the flat die on the multi-step molding equipment, adjust the tonnage of the forging press according to the required spur bevel gear size, and upset the raw materials on the flat die to the required thickness;

(3) With the forging press open, heat the upper and lower molds to 350°C;

(4) Place the warm forging forming die on the multi-step forming equipment, and move the warm forging forming punch downward. When the warm forging forming punch and the warm forging forming concave die are in contact, the second warm forging forming lower die is in contact with the third warm forging forming die. The warm forging upper die contacts, and at the same time, the third warm forging lower die contacts the fourth warm forging upper die, and continues to move downward. According to the size of the spur bevel gear, the stamping tonnage is set to obtain the gear with rough machining tooth shape;

(5) Place the warm forging shaping mold on the multi-step molding equipment, and move the warm forging shaping punch downward. When the warm forging shaping punch and the warm forging shaping concave die are in contact, the second warm forging shaping lower die is in contact with the third warm forging shaping die. The warm forging and shaping upper die contacts, and at the same time, the third warm forging shaping lower die contacts the fourth warm forging shaping upper die, and continues to move downward. According to the size of the straight bevel gear, the stamping tonnage is set to obtain a gear with a corrected tooth shape.

(6) Place the warm-forged gear on the punching machine, reopen the intermediate shaft hole, and determine the punching shaft diameter of the punching machine based on the straight bevel gear shaft diameter;

(7). The workpiece processed in step (6) is first cooled to normal temperature, then shot blasted, and then saponified;

(7) Place the cold forging finishing mold on the multi-step forming equipment, move the gear punch processed in step (7) downward and close the concave mold to complete the cold forging finishing;

(8) After carburizing and heat-treating the parts processed in step (7), complete the processing.

Preferably, the flat die mold is composed of a flat die punch and a flat die concave die. According to the size of the straight bevel gear to be processed, the forging tonnage of the forging press is adjusted, and the 850°C raw material is upset to the specified size.

Preferably, the warm forging forming die is composed of a warm forging forming punch and a warm forging forming concave die. The diameter of the first warm forging forming upper die is equal to the diameter of the shaft hole of the straight bevel gear, and the tooth shape die is the second warm forging forming die. upper mold;

Preferably, the warm forging shaping die is composed of a warm forging shaping punch and a warm forging shaping concave die. The diameters of the first warm forging shaping upper die and the first warm forging shaping lower die are equal to the diameter of the shaft hole of the straight bevel gear, and the teeth The shape mold is the second warm forging shaping lower mold;

Preferably, the cold forging finishing die is composed of a cold forging finishing punch and a cold forging finishing concave die. The tooth shape is in the lower die. The model end is the non-working end die of the gear. The inner diameter is equal to the non-working end of the corresponding model of gear. The outer diameter of the shaft hole, the model end is the size of the non-working surface of the gear when the gear is working. This size is used to finish the size of the non-working surface of the semi-finished gear that is cooled after warm forging and finishing. The outer diameter of the non-model end is larger than the model end, forming a stepped platform. The outer diameters of the non-model end and the model end are equal to the corresponding inner diameters of the second cold forging finishing upper die, and they are installed together. The second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the third cold forging finishing upper die, and the height is the same as the third cold forging finishing upper die. During the forging process, it is synchronized with the third cold forging finishing upper die. Movement to protect the third cold forged finishing upper die. The first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical concave die, the inner diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the mounting hole in the gear working requirements. The model end of the die is the corresponding size of the working surface of the gear when it is working. This size is used for dimensional finishing of the semi-finished gear that has been warmly forged and shaped. The diameter of the protruding part in the middle of the upper end face is equal to the shaft diameter of the corresponding model of spur bevel gear, and the remaining protruding parts are the non-working ground shape model of the spur bevel gear. The second cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, and its inner diameter is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the first cold forging finishing lower die. The outer diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is the same as the first cold forging finishing outer diameter and is equal to the third cold forging finishing lower die. Mold inner diameter. The third cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, and the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first and second cold forging finishing dies. There is a stepped platform on the outside, which must be matched with the corresponding parts during installation.

Due to the application of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

The forming equipment of the present invention is suitable for processing large-sized straight bevel gears. Based on the difference in forming resistance during different stages of gear forming, the forming process is divided into two forming stages: warm forging and cold forging on the basis of the original one-time forming; because The forming resistance changes greatly at different stages of the warm forging process. In order to protect the mold, the warm forging process is divided into three forging presses. After the processing technology is improved, the mold is improved, and one set of molds is changed to four sets of molds. After the mold is improved, the mold is processed according to the processing requirements. The forming equipment can be improved based on the movement of different parts of the mold. The above improvements to the forming equipment, combined with the corresponding molds and processes, have effectively improved the problems of serious mold damage and flash in the original processing method.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-size spur bevel gear multi-step forming equipment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a flat die diagram of the multi-step molding equipment for large-size spur bevel gears according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a diagram of a warm forging forming die of a large-size spur bevel gear multi-step forming equipment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a diagram of a warm forging shaping mold of a large-size spur bevel gear multi-step forming equipment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a diagram of a cold forging finishing die of a large-size spur bevel gear multi-step forming equipment according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Among them: 1. Large pressure block; 2. Lower mold pressure block; 3. Spring; 4. Floating pressure block; 5. Lower mold 1; 6. Guide pillar; 7. Lower mold 2; 8. Lower mold 3; 9. Guide bush; 10. Upper mold 2; 11. Upper mold 3; 12. Upper mold 4; 13. Large nut; 14. T-bolt; 15. Upper mold sleeve; 16. Upper template; 17. Upper mold pressure block ; 18. Upper mold backing plate; 19. Upper withdrawal pin; 20. Upper mold 1; 21. Model cavity; 22. Small guide pillar; 23. Lower mold sleeve; 24. Ordinary cylindrical pin type A; 25. Small guide Column; 26. Floating template; 27. Gasket; 28. Guide bush; 29. Straight-through pressure oil cup; 30. Pressure ring; 31. Lower withdrawal pin; 32. Lower template; 33. Workbench pad; 201. First flat die upper die; 202. Second flat die upper die; 203. First flat die lower die; 204. Second flat die lower die; 301. First warm forging upper die; 302. Second Warm forging forming upper die; 303, third warm forging forming upper die; 304, fourth warm forging forming upper die; 305, first warm forging forming lower die; 306, second warm forging forming lower die; 307, third Warm forging forming lower die; 401, first warm forging shaping upper die; 402, second warm forging shaping upper die; 403, third warm forging shaping upper die; 404, fourth warm forging shaping upper die; 405, first Warm forging and shaping lower die; 406, second warm forging shaping lower die; 407, third warm forging shaping lower die; 501, first cold forging finishing upper die; 502, second cold forging finishing upper die; 503. The first cold forging finishing lower die; 504. The second cold forging finishing lower die; 505. The third cold forging finishing lower die.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples:

Embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 1, a large-size spur bevel gear multi-step forming equipment includes an upper mold base, a lower mold base, and the same spur bevel gear placed between the upper mold base and the lower mold base. mold set,

The same straight bevel gear mold set includes flat molds, warm forging forming molds, warm forging shaping molds and cold forging finishing molds that are used in different gear processing processes.

Referring to Figure 2, the flat die mold includes a flat die punch and a flat die concave die. The flat die punch includes a first flat die upper mold 201 and a second flat die upper mold 202. The flat die concave mold Including the first flat die lower die 203 and the second flat die lower die 204,

The first flat mold upper mold 201 is a cylindrical punch, the second flat mold upper mold 202 is a cylindrical punch, and the first flat mold upper mold 201 is snap-fitted in the second flat mold upper mold 202 ,

The first flat die lower die 203 is a solid cylinder, the second flat die lower die 204 is a cylinder, and the first flat die lower die 203 is inserted into the second flat die lower die 204;

As shown in Figure 3, the warm forging forming die includes a warm forging forming punch and a warm forging forming concave die. The warm forging forming punch includes a first warm forging upper die 301 and a second warm forging upper die 301 arranged coaxially. Forming upper die 302, third warm forging upper die 303 and fourth warm forging upper die 304. The warm forging forming concave die includes a coaxially arranged first warm forging lower die 305, a second warm forging lower die. Die 306, third warm forging forming lower die 307,

The first warm forging upper mold 301 is a cylindrical punch, the diameter of the lower end of the mold is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, and the first warm forging upper mold is snap-fitted in the second warm forging upper mold,

The second warm forging forming upper die 302 is a cylindrical concave die, and its outer port is provided with a tooth-shaped die. The tooth shape size of the tooth-shaped die is a semi-formed size, and its inner port is provided with a gear mounting hole die, so The second warm forging upper mold is clamped and installed in the third warm forging upper mold,

The third warm forging upper mold 303 is a cylinder. The second warm forging upper mold is clamped in the third warm forging upper mold. The third warm forging upper mold is clamped in the third warm forging upper mold. Four-warm forging in the upper mold,

The fourth warm forging upper mold 304 is a cylinder,

The first warm forging forming lower die 305 is a solid cylinder, with a protruding part in the middle of the upper end surface. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the corresponding model of spur bevel gear, and the remaining protruding parts are straight bevel gears. Working floor shape model, the first warm forging forming lower die is inserted into the second warm forging forming lower die,

The second warm forging lower mold 306 is a cylinder with a chamfer at the upper end of its inner wall. The second warm forging lower mold is inserted into the third warm forging lower mold.

The third warm forging forming lower die 307 is a cylinder;

Referring to Figure 4, the warm forging shaping die includes a warm forging shaping punch and a warm forging shaping concave die. The warm forging shaping punch includes a coaxially arranged first warm forging shaping upper die 401, a second warm forging shaping upper die 401, and a second warm forging shaping upper die 401. , 402. The third warm forging and shaping upper die 403 and the fourth warm forging and shaping upper die 404. The warm forging and shaping die includes a coaxially arranged first warm forging and shaping lower die 405 and a second warm forging and shaping lower die 406. and the third warm forging shaping lower die 407,

The first warm forging shaping upper die is a cylindrical punch, the diameter of the end mold is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, and the first warm forging shaping upper die is inserted into the second warm forging shaping upper die,

The second warm forging shaping upper die is a cylindrical concave die, and the mold end is provided with a gear non-working end die. The second warm forging shaping upper die is snap-fitted in the third warm forging shaping upper die.

The third warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, and when the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die is working with the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die, they together form a non-working end face model of the gear, and the third warm forging shaping upper die is snap-fitted Located in the fourth warm forging shaping upper mold,

The fourth warm forging and shaping upper die is a cylinder, which moves synchronously with the third warm forging and shaping upper die during the forging process to protect the third warm forging and shaping upper die.

The first warm forging shaping lower die is a solid cylinder, with a first protruding part in the middle of the upper end surface. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of the straight bevel gear to be processed. There is also a first protruding part on the periphery. There is a second protruding part, and the second protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the spur bevel gear,

The second warm forging lower mold is a cylinder, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first warm forging upper mold. The size of the model end of the second warm forging lower mold is the same as the theoretical size of the gear working surface to be processed. The first warm forging and shaping lower die is located in the second warm forging and shaping lower die,

The third warm forging and shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the second warm forging and shaping lower die, and the second warm forging and shaping lower die is located in the third warm forging and shaping lower die;

Referring to Figure 5, the cold forging finishing die includes a cold forging finishing punch and a cold forging finishing concave die. The cold forging finishing punch includes a first cold forging finishing upper die 501 and a first cold forging finishing die arranged coaxially. The second cold forging finishing upper die 502, the cold forging finishing die includes a coaxially arranged first cold forging finishing lower die 503, a second cold forging finishing lower die 504 and a third cold forging finishing lower die 505,

The first cold forging finishing upper die is a cylindrical punch, and a gear non-working end die is provided at the model end of the end.

The second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, and the first cold forging finishing upper die is clamped in the second cold forging finishing upper die, and is connected with the first cold forging finishing upper die during the forging process. Synchronized movement to protect the first cold forging finishing upper die,

The first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical concave die. There is a protruding part in the middle of the upper end face of the mold end. The diameter of the protruding part is equal to the diameter of the gear shaft to be processed. There are other protrusions on the outer periphery of the upper end face of the mold end. part, the remaining protruding part is the non-working ground shape model of the spur bevel gear,

The second cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, and its inner diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the first cold forging finishing lower die. The outer diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is equal to the first cold forging finishing outer diameter, and Equal to the inner diameter of the third cold forging finishing die,

The third cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, and the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the first and second cold forging finishing dies. The first cold forging finishing lower die is located on the second cold forging finishing lower die. Above, the first and second cold forging finishing dies are both located in the third cold forging finishing lower die.

The clamping involved in this embodiment is preferably a step clamping. For example, the upper end of the first warm forging upper mold 301 is provided with a protrusion, and the corresponding interior of the second warm forging upper mold 302 is provided with a shape and The upper end of the first warm forging upper mold 301 protrudes into a matching depression; for example, the upper portion of the outer wall of the second warm forging upper mold 302 is provided with protrusions, and the upper portion of the inner wall of the third warm forging upper mold 303 is provided with a shaped depression. The matching depressions form a snap connection.

In this embodiment, the upper mold base includes an upper mold plate 16 and an upper mold pressure block 17 coaxially arranged in the upper mold plate.

In this embodiment, the lower mold base includes a large pressure block 1, a lower mold pressure block 2, a floating template 26, a compression ring 30, a spring 3, a floating pressure block 4, a lower template 32, and a workbench pad 33. The large pressure block 1 is coaxially clamped in the lower mold plate 32. The large pressure block is the supporting part of the lower mold pressure block and the compression ring. It is coaxially fixed under the lower mold pressure block and the compression ring to limit both of them. Moving up and down, the compression ring 30 is sleeved on the lower mold pressure block 2, and the lower end of the compression ring 30 is circumferentially provided with steps for fixing the large pressure block, and the floating template is located above the compression ring. The floating template and the compression ring are connected through a sliding rod. A spring is set on the sliding rod to store energy and buffer. The energy of the floating template is stored during the forging process. When the upper and lower dies are separated, the lower mold is restored to its original position. , the floating pressure block is coaxially arranged with the floating template. The outer diameter of the floating pressure block is equal to the inner diameter of the floating template installation place. The outer diameter of the floating pressure block is greater than the inner diameter of the floating template and smaller than the outer diameter of the floating template. The floating pressure The height of the block is less than the height of the floating template, and the lower die pressure block is the support part of the first flat die lower die, the first warm forging forming lower die, the first warm forging shaping lower die, and the first cold forging finishing lower die. During different forging processes, the downward movement of the corresponding lower die is restricted. The spring is the energy storage and buffering part of the pressure ring. It is installed on the sliding rod connected by the compression ring to the floating template, and stores other lower dies (except the lower part of the first flat die). die, the first warm forging forming lower die, the first warm forging shaping lower die, and other lower dies of the first cold forging finishing lower die).

In this embodiment, a mold protection device is also provided. The mold protection device includes an upper mold sleeve 15, a lower mold sleeve 23 and an upper mold backing plate 18. The upper mold backing plate 18 is fixed above the upper mold base. The upper mold plate is fixed below the upper mold base, and the lower mold sleeve 23 is located on the lower mold base. Both the upper and lower mold sleeves are cylinders. In different processing processes, the upper mold sleeves are the same. The shaft is fixedly installed on the outermost side of the corresponding male mold in the same straight bevel gear mold group, and the lower mold sleeve is coaxially fixed on the outermost side of the corresponding female mold in the same straight bevel gear mold group.

In this embodiment, the upper withdrawal pin 19 and the lower withdrawal pin 31 are hollow cylinders located between the upper and lower die pressure blocks. During the warm forging and cold forging processes of the withdrawal pins, some scraps will block the inlet. In the upper and lower molds, this position can be used to clean foreign matter such as waste chips. In this embodiment, the small guide post 25 is a cylindrical guide element, and the guide sleeve 28 is sleeved on the small guide post 25. This component is connected to the floating template 26 to ensure that the floating template moves in the vertical direction, and the straight-through pressure oil injection The cup 29 is arranged on the side of the floating template 26, and the gasket 27 is arranged on the upper end of the small guide post.

In this embodiment, Figure 1 is also provided with a guide post 6 and a guide sleeve 9 that covers the guide post 6. The small guide post 22 is connected to the lower mold sleeve 23. The ordinary cylindrical pin A type 24 is used to fix the lower mold sleeve 23 and float it. The template 26 and the upper mold sleeve 15 are arranged on the outermost surface of the upper mold and are fixed to the upper mold. The large nut 13 and the T-bolt 14 are the fixing nuts used in this embodiment.

Claims (4)

1. A large-specification straight bevel gear multi-step forming device is characterized in that: comprises an upper die holder, a lower die holder and a same straight bevel gear die set arranged between the upper die holder and the lower die holder,

the same straight bevel gear die set comprises a flat die, a warm forging forming die, a warm forging shaping die and a cold forging finishing die which are respectively and correspondingly used in different processing processes of gears,

the flat die comprises a flat die male die and a flat die female die, the flat die male die comprises a first flat die upper die and a second flat die upper die, the flat die female die comprises a first flat die lower die and a second flat die lower die,

the first flat die upper die is a cylindrical male die, the second flat die upper die is a cylindrical male die, the first flat die upper die is clamped in the second flat die upper die,

the first flat die lower die is a solid cylinder, the second flat die lower die is a cylinder, and the first flat die lower die is inserted into the second flat die lower die;

the warm forging forming die comprises a warm forging forming male die and a warm forging forming female die, the warm forging forming male die comprises a first warm forging forming upper die, a second warm forging forming upper die, a third warm forging forming upper die and a fourth warm forging forming upper die which are coaxially arranged, the warm forging forming female die comprises a first warm forging forming lower die, a second warm forging forming lower die and a third warm forging forming lower die which are coaxially arranged,

the first warm forging upper die is a cylindrical male die, the diameter of the lower end part model is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the second warm forging upper die,

the second warm forging forming upper die is a cylinder female die, a tooth-shaped die is arranged at the outer port of the second warm forging forming upper die, the tooth-shaped size of the tooth-shaped die is a half-forming size, a gear mounting hole die is arranged at the inner port of the tooth-shaped die,

the third warm forging upper die is a cylinder, the second warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging upper die, the third warm forging upper die is clamped and connected in the fourth warm forging upper die,

the fourth warm forging forming upper die is a cylinder,

the first warm forging lower die is a solid cylinder, a bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the first warm forging lower die, the diameter of the bulge is equal to the diameter of a straight bevel gear shaft of a corresponding model, the rest bulge is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model, the first warm forging lower die is inserted into the second warm forging lower die,

the second warm forging lower die is a cylinder, a chamfer is arranged at the end face of the upper end of the inner wall of the cylinder, the second warm forging lower die is inserted into the third warm forging lower die,

the third warm forging forming lower die is a cylinder;

the warm forging shaping die comprises a warm forging shaping male die and a warm forging shaping female die, the warm forging shaping male die comprises a first warm forging shaping upper die, a second warm forging shaping upper die, a third warm forging shaping upper die and a fourth warm forging shaping upper die which are coaxially arranged, the warm forging shaping female die comprises a first warm forging shaping lower die, a second warm forging shaping lower die and a third warm forging shaping lower die which are coaxially arranged,

the first warm forging shaping upper die is a cylindrical male die, the diameter of the end part model is equal to the inner diameter of the gear mounting hole, the first warm forging shaping upper die is inserted into the second warm forging shaping upper die,

the second warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder female die, the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die is provided with a gear non-working end die, the second warm forging shaping upper die is clamped and connected in the third warm forging shaping upper die,

the third warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, when the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die and the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die work, the model end of the third warm forging shaping upper die and the model end of the second warm forging shaping upper die jointly form a gear non-working end face model, the third warm forging shaping upper die is clamped and connected in the fourth warm forging shaping upper die,

the fourth warm forging shaping upper die is a cylinder, moves synchronously with the third warm forging shaping upper die in the forging process, protects the third warm forging shaping upper die,

the first warm forging shaping lower die is a solid cylinder, a first bulge is arranged in the middle of the upper end surface of the first warm forging shaping lower die, the diameter of the bulge is equal to the shaft diameter of a straight bevel gear to be processed, a second bulge is also arranged at the periphery of the first bulge, the second bulge is a straight bevel gear non-working ground shape model,

the second warm forging shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the outer diameter of the first warm forging shaping upper die, the size of the model end of the second warm forging shaping lower die is the same as the theoretical size of the working surface of the gear to be processed, the first warm forging shaping lower die is arranged in the second warm forging shaping lower die,

the third warm forging shaping lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the third warm forging shaping lower die is equal to the outer diameter of the second warm forging shaping lower die, and the second warm forging shaping lower die is arranged in the third warm forging shaping lower die;

the cold forging finishing die comprises a cold forging finishing male die and a cold forging finishing female die, the cold forging finishing male die comprises a first cold forging finishing upper die and a second cold forging finishing upper die which are coaxially arranged, the cold forging finishing female die comprises a first cold forging finishing lower die, a second cold forging finishing lower die and a third cold forging finishing lower die which are coaxially arranged,

the first cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder male die, a non-working end die of a gear is arranged at a model end of the end part of the first cold forging finishing upper die,

the second cold forging finishing upper die is a cylinder, the first cold forging finishing upper die is clamped and arranged in the second cold forging finishing upper die, moves synchronously with the first cold forging finishing upper die in the forging and pressing process, protects the first cold forging finishing upper die,

the first cold forging finishing lower die is a cylindrical female die, a protruding part is arranged in the middle of the upper end face of the die end, the diameter of the protruding part is equal to the shaft diameter of a gear to be processed, the periphery of the upper end face of the die end is also provided with other protruding parts, the other protruding parts are straight bevel gear non-working ground shape models,

the second cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is smaller than that of the first cold forging finishing lower die, the outer diameter of the second cold forging finishing lower die is equal to that of the first cold forging finishing lower die and is equal to that of the third cold forging finishing die,

the third cold forging finishing lower die is a cylinder, the inner diameter is equal to the outer diameters of the first cold forging finishing lower die and the second cold forging finishing lower die, the first cold forging finishing lower die is arranged above the second cold forging finishing lower die, and the first cold forging finishing lower die and the second cold forging finishing lower die are arranged in the third cold forging finishing lower die.

2. The multi-step molding apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to claim 1, wherein:

the upper die holder comprises an upper die plate and an upper die pressure block coaxially arranged in the upper die plate.

3. The multi-step molding apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to claim 1, wherein: the die holder comprises a large pressure block, a lower die pressure block, a floating die plate, a clamp ring, a spring, a floating pressure block, a lower die plate and a workbench base plate, wherein the large pressure block is coaxially clamped in the lower die plate, the clamp ring is sleeved on the lower die pressure block, the floating die plate is arranged above the clamp ring, the floating die plate is connected with the clamp ring through a sliding rod, the spring is sleeved on the sliding rod, the floating pressure block is coaxially arranged with the floating die plate, and the outer diameter of the floating pressure block is equal to the inner diameter of the mounting part of the floating die plate.

4. The multi-step molding apparatus for large-sized spur bevel gears according to claim 1, wherein: the die protecting device comprises an upper die sleeve, a lower die sleeve and an upper die pad plate, wherein the upper die pad plate is fixedly arranged above the upper die holder, the upper die plate is fixedly arranged below the upper die holder, the lower die sleeve is fixedly arranged on the lower die holder, the upper die sleeve and the lower die sleeve are cylinders, and in different processing processes, the upper die sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the outermost side of a corresponding male die in the same straight bevel gear die set, and the lower die sleeve is coaxially and fixedly arranged on the outermost side of a corresponding female die in the same straight bevel gear die set.