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CN108301923A - A kind of oxygen-enriched combusting and molten carbonate fuel cell hybrid power system - Google Patents

A kind of oxygen-enriched combusting and molten carbonate fuel cell hybrid power system Download PDF

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CN108301923A
CN108301923A CN201710020720.8A CN201710020720A CN108301923A CN 108301923 A CN108301923 A CN 108301923A CN 201710020720 A CN201710020720 A CN 201710020720A CN 108301923 A CN108301923 A CN 108301923A
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carbonate fuel
molten carbonate
oxygen
fuel cell
power generation
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谢英柏
仲凯
薛晓东
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North China Electric Power University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9041Metals or alloys
    • H01M4/905Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/14Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/14Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
    • H01M2008/147Fuel cells with molten carbonates
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统,属于发电系统领域。该系统包括空气分离器、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池、涡轮等部件。空气分离得到的O2和燃料转化得到的H2,分别在熔融碳酸盐燃料电池的阴极、阳极发生反应,形成熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统;同时,燃料、CO、O2、烟气以及阳极排气中的剩余燃料在催化燃烧室发生富氧燃烧,产生的高温烟气进入涡轮膨胀做功,形成富氧燃烧发电系统。本混合发电系统具有发电效率高、燃料选择多样性、节能环保等特点。

The invention relates to a hybrid power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cells, belonging to the field of power generation systems. The system includes air separators, molten carbonate fuel cells, turbines and other components. O 2 obtained from air separation and H 2 obtained from fuel conversion react respectively at the cathode and anode of the molten carbonate fuel cell to form a molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system; at the same time, fuel, CO, O 2 , flue gas And the remaining fuel in the anode exhaust gas undergoes oxygen-enriched combustion in the catalytic combustion chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas generated enters the turbine to expand and do work, forming an oxygen-enriched combustion power generation system. The hybrid power generation system has the characteristics of high power generation efficiency, diverse fuel selection, energy saving and environmental protection.

Description

一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统A Hybrid Power Generation System of Oxygen-enriched Combustion and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

技术领域technical field

本发明属于发电系统领域,尤其涉及一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统。The invention belongs to the field of power generation systems, in particular to a hybrid power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cells.

背景技术Background technique

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池是一种以熔融碳酸盐为氧离子导体的高温燃料电池,电池内部同时发生传热、传质、氧化、离子化、迁移、转化等诸多过程,它是直接将燃料的化学能转换为电能,中间不经过燃烧过程,因而不受卡诺循环的限制,能量转化效率高,燃料的总利用效率可达60%-80%;此外,熔融碳酸盐燃料电池还具有节能环保、燃料多样性、运行噪声低等优点。Molten carbonate fuel cell is a high-temperature fuel cell using molten carbonate as an oxygen ion conductor. Many processes such as heat transfer, mass transfer, oxidation, ionization, migration, and conversion occur simultaneously inside the battery. The chemical energy of the chemical energy is converted into electrical energy without the combustion process in the middle, so it is not limited by the Carnot cycle, the energy conversion efficiency is high, and the total utilization efficiency of the fuel can reach 60%-80%; in addition, the molten carbonate fuel cell also has Energy saving and environmental protection, fuel diversity, low operating noise and other advantages.

常规来看,熔融碳酸盐燃料电池的发电过程都是将空气直接通入电池内参与电化学反应,但空气中含量高达79%的N2并不参与反应,这就导致空气的大量浪费。因此,有必要考虑先对空气进行分离,这样既可以得到纯度高的O2促进熔融碳酸盐燃料电池反应速率,又可以得到副产品N2Conventionally, the power generation process of molten carbonate fuel cells is to directly pass air into the battery to participate in the electrochemical reaction, but the N 2 with a content of up to 79% in the air does not participate in the reaction, which leads to a large amount of waste of air. Therefore, it is necessary to consider separating the air first, so that high-purity O 2 can be obtained to promote the reaction rate of molten carbonate fuel cells, and the by-product N 2 can also be obtained.

目前的发电装置一般是由以CH4为主的气体燃料进行燃烧,通过产生的高温气体驱动涡轮发电,但是,涡轮受卡诺循环限制和燃烧损失影响,系统发电效率仍有待提高。The current power generation device is generally combusted by gaseous fuel mainly CH 4 , and the generated high-temperature gas drives the turbine to generate electricity. However, the turbine is affected by the limitation of the Carnot cycle and the combustion loss, and the power generation efficiency of the system still needs to be improved.

与此同时,熔融碳酸盐燃料电池的阳极剩余产物通常具有较高能量,富氧燃烧后的涡轮排烟温度也高达600℃左右,直接排走会造成极大的能源浪费,可以考虑这两部分热量的回收利用。At the same time, the anode residual products of molten carbonate fuel cells usually have high energy, and the exhaust gas temperature of the turbine after oxygen-enriched combustion is also as high as 600°C. Direct discharge will cause a great waste of energy. Consider these two Recycling of part of the heat.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对上述存在的问题和现象,本发明提供一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统,旨在通过混合方式提高系统发电效率,并对剩余热量进行再回收利用,实现更好的能量梯级利用模式。In view of the above problems and phenomena, the present invention provides a hybrid power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cells, which aims to improve the power generation efficiency of the system through the hybrid method, and recycle the remaining heat to achieve better Energy cascade utilization mode.

为了实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:

一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统,包括:A hybrid power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cells, comprising:

压气机:其配置为将空气进行压缩;Compressor: configured to compress air;

空气分离器:其配置为对空气进行分离;air separator: configured to separate air;

转化器:其配置为将燃料进行转化,产生熔融碳酸盐燃料电池的阳极反应物;Converter: configured to convert fuel to produce an anode reactant for a molten carbonate fuel cell;

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极:其配置为发生还原反应;Molten carbonate fuel cell anode: configured to undergo a reduction reaction;

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极:其配置为方式氧化反应;Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Cathode: configured for mode oxidation reactions;

燃烧室:其配置为加快富氧燃烧速率,产生高温气体;Combustion chamber: It is configured to accelerate the oxygen-enriched combustion rate and generate high-temperature gas;

涡轮:其配置为将高温气体的热能转换为机械能;Turbine: configured to convert thermal energy of high temperature gas into mechanical energy;

发电机:其配置为将机械能转变为电能。Generator: configured to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

上述的一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统,其中,所述的空气分离器的产物是O2和N2产品。In the above-mentioned mixed power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cell, the products of the air separator are O 2 and N 2 products.

上述的一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统,其中,所述的转化器的产物是CO和H2In the above hybrid power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cell, the products of the converter are CO and H 2 .

上述的一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统,其中,所述的熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极内的反应物是H2和CO3 2-,产物是H2O和CO2The above-mentioned hybrid power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cell, wherein the reactants in the anode of the molten carbonate fuel cell are H2 and CO3 2- , and the products are H2O and CO 2 .

上述的一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统,其中,所述的熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极内的反应物是O2和CO2,产物是CO3 2-In the above hybrid power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cell, the reactants in the cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell are O 2 and CO 2 , and the product is CO 3 2− .

上述的一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统,其中,所述的涡轮产生的高温烟气一部分进入燃烧室,另一部分进入转化器。In the above hybrid power generation system of oxygen-enriched combustion and molten carbonate fuel cells, part of the high-temperature flue gas generated by the turbine enters the combustion chamber, and the other part enters the converter.

上述技术方案具有如下优点或者有益效果:The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

1、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池可采用镍作为电催化剂,而不必使用贵重金属,且在部分负载、满负载和过载工况下都可以保持高效率(60%左右)运行,充分利用了熔融碳酸盐燃料电池在发电领域具有的独特优势。1. Molten carbonate fuel cells can use nickel as an electrocatalyst without using precious metals, and can maintain high efficiency (about 60%) operation under partial load, full load and overload conditions, making full use of molten carbon Salt fuel cells have unique advantages in the field of power generation.

2、阳极排气中的剩余燃料在燃烧室的再燃既提高了涡轮入口气体温度,改善发电效率,又使燃料得以充分燃烧,节约能源。2. The reburning of the remaining fuel in the anode exhaust in the combustion chamber not only increases the gas temperature at the turbine inlet, improves the power generation efficiency, but also enables the fuel to be fully burned to save energy.

3、燃烧室富氧燃烧得到的CO2产物直接通入熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极作为反应物参加反应,既减少了碳氧化物排放,又保证熔融碳酸盐燃料电池连续工作。3. The CO 2 product obtained by the oxygen-enriched combustion in the combustion chamber is directly passed into the cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell as a reactant to participate in the reaction, which not only reduces the emission of carbon oxides, but also ensures the continuous operation of the molten carbonate fuel cell.

附图说明Description of drawings

通过阅读参考以下的附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明及其特征、外形和优点将会变得更加明显。在全部附图中相同的标记指示相同的部分。并未刻意按照比例绘制附图,重点在于示出本发明的主旨。The invention and its characteristics, configurations and advantages will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings. Like numbers designate like parts throughout the drawings. The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the gist of the invention.

图1.一种富氧燃烧与熔融碳酸盐燃料电池混合发电系统结构示意图Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a hybrid power generation system with oxyfuel combustion and molten carbonate fuel cell

图2.熔融碳酸盐燃料电池工作原理图Figure 2. Working principle diagram of molten carbonate fuel cell

图中各标号含义如下:1-压气机;2-空气分离器;3-转化器;4-熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极;5-熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极;6-燃烧室;7-涡轮;8-发电机The meanings of the symbols in the figure are as follows: 1-compressor; 2-air separator; 3-converter; 4-molten carbonate fuel cell anode; 5-molten carbonate fuel cell cathode; 6-combustion chamber; turbine; 8-generator

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但是不作为本发明的限定。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but not as a limitation of the present invention.

如图1所示,本系统包括:压气机1、空气分离器2、转化器3、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极4、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极5、燃烧室6、涡轮7、发电机8。经过压气机1压缩后的空气进入空气分离器2进行气体分离,得到O2和N2产品,一部分O2进入熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极5,另一部分O2进入燃烧室6;燃料经过转化器3转化后得到的H2进入熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极4,与O2发生电化学反应形成熔融碳酸盐燃料电池发电系统;同时,燃料、CO、O2、烟气以及阳极排气中的剩余燃料在燃烧室6混合,富氧燃烧产生的高温烟气送入涡轮7膨胀做功,并使发电机8发电,形成富氧燃烧发电系统;涡轮7做功之后的烟气,一部分回流至燃烧室6调节富氧燃烧的O2含量在27-39%的范围内,另一部分加热转化器3,稳定熔融碳酸盐燃料电池所需的H2产量。As shown in Figure 1, the system includes: compressor 1, air separator 2, converter 3, molten carbonate fuel cell anode 4, molten carbonate fuel cell cathode 5, combustion chamber 6, turbine 7, generator 8. The air compressed by the compressor 1 enters the air separator 2 for gas separation to obtain O2 and N2 products, a part of O2 enters the cathode 5 of the molten carbonate fuel cell, and the other part of O2 enters the combustion chamber 6; the fuel is converted The H 2 obtained after conversion by the device 3 enters the anode 4 of the molten carbonate fuel cell, and electrochemically reacts with O 2 to form a molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system; at the same time, fuel, CO, O 2 , flue gas and anode exhaust The remaining fuel in the combustion chamber is mixed in the combustion chamber 6, and the high-temperature flue gas produced by the oxygen-enriched combustion is sent to the turbine 7 to expand and perform work, and the generator 8 is generated to form an oxygen-enriched combustion power generation system; The combustor 6 regulates the O2 content for oxyfuel combustion in the range of 27-39%, and the other part heats the reformer 3, stabilizing the H2 production required by the molten carbonate fuel cell.

下面结合图2介绍熔融碳酸盐燃料电池工作原理。The working principle of the molten carbonate fuel cell will be introduced below in conjunction with FIG. 2 .

图2中,熔融碳酸盐燃料电池的结构主要包括上隔板、下隔板、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阳极4、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池阴极5和电解质板。O2和CO2在阴极与电子进行氧化反应产生CO3 2-,电解质板中的CO3 2-直接从阴极移动到阳极;燃料中的H2与CO3 2-在阳极发生反应生成CO2、H2O和电子,电子被集流板收集后到达隔板;最后,通过上、下隔板与负载设备相连构成了包括电子传输和离子移动在内的完整的回路。In Fig. 2, the structure of the molten carbonate fuel cell mainly includes an upper separator, a lower separator, an anode 4 of a molten carbonate fuel cell, a cathode 5 of a molten carbonate fuel cell and an electrolyte plate. O 2 and CO 2 undergo oxidation reaction with electrons at the cathode to produce CO 3 2- , CO 3 2- in the electrolyte plate moves directly from the cathode to the anode; H 2 in the fuel reacts with CO 3 2- at the anode to produce CO 2 , H 2 O and electrons, and the electrons are collected by the collector plate and then reach the partition; finally, they are connected to the load device through the upper and lower partitions to form a complete circuit including electron transmission and ion movement.

本领域技术人员应该理解,本领域技术人员结合现有技术以及上述实施例可以实现所述变化例,在此不予赘述。这样的变化例并不影响本发明的实质内容,在此不予赘述。Those skilled in the art should understand that those skilled in the art can implement the variation examples in combination with the prior art and the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here. Such variations do not affect the essence of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.

以上对本发明的较佳实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,其中未尽详细描述的设备和结构应该理解为用本领域中的普通方式予以实施;任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and the devices and structures that are not described in detail should be understood to be implemented in a common manner in the art; Many possible changes and modifications are made in the technical solution of the invention, or modified into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention, which do not deviate from the technical solution of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of oxygen-enriched combusting and molten carbonate fuel cell hybrid power system, it is characterised in that:It includes compressor, sky Gas separating device, converter, fused carbonate fuel battery anode, fused carbonate fuel battery cathode, combustion chamber, turbine, hair Motor;
Enter air separator by the compressed air of compressor and carry out gas separation, obtains O2And N2Product, a part of O2Into Enter cathode, another part O2Into combustion chamber;The H that fuel obtains after converter converts2Into anode, with O2Electrification occurs It learns reaction and forms melting carbonate fuel cell generation system;Meanwhile fuel, fuel converted product CO, O2, flue gas and anode Residual fuel in exhaust is mixed in combustion chamber, and the high-temperature gas of generation enters turbine expansion acting, forms oxygen-enriched combusting power generation System.
2. a kind of oxygen-enriched combusting as described in claim 1 and molten carbonate fuel cell hybrid power system, feature exist In the O of oxygen-enriched combusting in the combustion chamber2Concentration controls between 27-39%.
3. a kind of oxygen-enriched combusting as described in claim 1 and molten carbonate fuel cell hybrid power system, feature exist In the operating temperature of the molten carbonate fuel cell is in the range of 600-700 DEG C.
CN201710020720.8A 2017-01-13 2017-01-13 A kind of oxygen-enriched combusting and molten carbonate fuel cell hybrid power system Pending CN108301923A (en)

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Application publication date: 20180720