CN108278939B - A kind of blasting method for reducing rock convergence measure and reducing blasting vibration - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting method for reducing surrounding rock damage and blasting vibration. Step (1): arrange oblique cutting holes (1), straight cutting holes (2), first Ordinary auxiliary hole (3), second ordinary auxiliary hole (4), pre-split auxiliary hole (5), peripheral hole (6); step (2): prepare a special crack with the ability to control the number and direction of cracks and have energy-absorbing protection. Multifunctional drug tube; step (3): utilize the gun stick to pack the special multifunctional drug tube with explosive into the pre-split auxiliary hole (5) and the peripheral hole (6), adjust the direction of the cutting seam of the special multifunctional drug tube, so that The direction of the cutting seam is parallel to the outline of the roadway, and the ordinary explosive roll is loaded into the oblique cut hole (1), the straight cut hole (2), the first common auxiliary hole (3), and the second common auxiliary hole (4); the steps (4): Slightly differential detonation. The application of the invention can reduce the damage and vibration of blasting to the surrounding rock and improve the safety of the surrounding rock.

Description

A Blasting Method for Reducing Surrounding Rock Damage and Blasting Vibration

technical field

The invention relates to a blasting method capable of controlling blasting vibration and reducing surrounding rock damage, belonging to the field of mining construction.

Background technique

With the rapid development of the economy, people have higher and higher requirements for the construction of blasting projects, that is, more efficient blasting is required for the rocks that need to be blasted, and they are required to do their best to reduce damage and damage to the surrounding rocks, such as underground reservoirs, Special projects such as nuclear waste storage have higher requirements on the integrity of surrounding rocks. Although the traditional smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting have improved the regularity of the contour, due to the disorderly release of blast energy and the random expansion of blasting cracks, it will still cause great damage and vibration to the surrounding rock and reduce the stability of the surrounding rock.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above situation, the object of the present invention is to provide a blasting method that reduces damage to surrounding rock and reduces blasting vibration.

In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A blasting method for reducing surrounding rock damage and blasting vibration, the steps are as follows:

Step (1): Arrange oblique cut holes (1), straight cut holes (2), first ordinary auxiliary holes (3), second ordinary auxiliary holes (4), pre-split auxiliary holes along the roadway contour line on the working face hole (5), peripheral hole (6);

Step (2): Prepare a special multi-functional drug tube with control of the number and direction of cracks and energy-absorbing protection;

Step (3): Use a gun stick to put the special multi-functional drug tube with explosives into the pre-split auxiliary hole (5) and the peripheral hole (6), adjust the direction of the cutting seam of the special multi-functional drug tube so that the direction of the cutting seam is in line with the The contour lines of the roadway are parallel, and ordinary explosive rolls are loaded into oblique cut holes (1), straight cut holes (2), first ordinary auxiliary holes (3), and second ordinary auxiliary holes (4);

Step (4): detonation with slight difference.

In the blasting method, in step (1), the pre-split auxiliary holes (7) are arranged at intervals and evenly between the pre-split auxiliary holes (5), and the peripheral holes are arranged at intervals and evenly between the peripheral holes (6). (8); In the step (3), the pre-split auxiliary holes (7) and the peripheral holes (8) are not charged. The empty hole has two functions: 1. To guide the directional crack to expand toward the empty hole; 2. To restrain the wing crack generated by the tip of the directional crack under the action of the explosive load and to extend to the retained rock mass.

In the blasting method, the diameters of the pre-splitting auxiliary holes (7) and the peripheral holes (8) are greater than or equal to the diameters of the pre-splitting auxiliary holes (5) and the peripheral holes (6).

In the described blasting method, the sequence of micro-detonation in the step 4 is that the pre-split auxiliary hole (5) is first detonated, and then according to the oblique cut hole (1), the straight cut hole (2), the first common auxiliary hole (3), the second common auxiliary hole (4), and the peripheral holes (6) detonate in sequence.

In the blasting method described in the step (1), the row spacing between the pre-split auxiliary holes (5) and the peripheral holes (6) is greater than the distance between the peripheral holes (6) and the peripheral holes (8), so as to ensure that the peripheral holes (6) ) can form penetrating cracks and form regular contour surfaces.

In the blasting method, the multifunctional drug tube includes an explosive cavity (9), an annular cavity (10) surrounding the explosive cavity, and a cutting seam (11) running through the cavity (10); The cavity is filled with incompressible granular energy-expanding substances including fine sand, and the particle "jet" generated by the explosion is used to destroy the rock and strengthen the crack expansion; in the cavity adjacent to the protected surrounding rock, rubber and aluminum foam are added. The energy-absorbing material inside protects the surrounding rock.

Compared with the prior art, one of the beneficial effects of the present invention is that the pre-split auxiliary hole is the first to detonate, and the pre-crack is formed before the detonation of the cut hole and the auxiliary hole, so as to weaken the stress wave direction formed by the explosion of the cut hole and the auxiliary hole. The retained rock mass propagates and prevents the explosive cracks formed by the explosion of the cut hole and the auxiliary hole from extending to the retained rock mass. The second beneficial effect of the present invention is that the unexploded peripheral blast holes can weaken the stress wave generated by the explosion of the pre-splitting auxiliary holes, cut holes, and ordinary auxiliary holes. The third beneficial effect of the present invention is that the peripheral holes are detonated last. In the direction of the blasted rock mass, the pre-split auxiliary holes, cutout holes and ordinary auxiliary holes that are detonated earlier form a free surface for the peripheral holes, and guide the explosion energy of the peripheral holes to the blasted rock mass. Propagation on the air surface, reducing the transmission to the protective rock mass, and reducing the damage to the protective surrounding rock. Beneficial effect of the present invention four is that the openings in the pre-splitting cutout holes and the peripheral holes can not only guide the directional cracks to expand toward the empty holes, optimize the directional fracture effect, but also suppress the wing cracks from forming at the tip of the directional cracks under the action of explosive load. Expansion of retained rock mass; the fifth beneficial effect of the present invention is that the addition of energy-absorbing material between the two shells of the special pharmaceutical tube can strengthen the protection of the retained rock mass.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the layout of blastholes in level roadways based on auxiliary hole pre-splitting for vibration reduction and damage reduction (A is a front view, B is a top view);

Fig. 2 shows the vertical shaft blast hole layout based on auxiliary hole pre-splitting for vibration reduction and damage reduction (A is a front view, B is a cross-sectional view);

Fig. 3 shows the layout of blastholes in level roadway (with empty holes) based on auxiliary hole pre-splitting for vibration reduction and damage reduction, A is a front view, and B is a top view;

Fig. 4 shows the blast hole layout (with empty holes) based on the auxiliary hole pre-splitting vibration reduction and damage vertical shaft, A is the front view, and B is the cross-sectional view;

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of two slits of the multifunctional drug tube;

Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the three slits of the multifunctional drug tube;

In the figure: 1-oblique cut hole; 2-straight cut hole; 3-first common auxiliary hole; 4-second common auxiliary hole; 5-pre-split auxiliary hole; 6-peripheral hole; 7-pre-split auxiliary Empty hole; 8-peripheral empty hole; 9-explosive cavity; 10-cavity; 11-cutting seam.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

Fig. 1 shows the layout of blastholes in horizontal roadways based on auxiliary hole pre-splitting for vibration reduction and damage reduction. Fig. 2 shows the layout of vertical shaft blastholes based on auxiliary holes for pre-splitting to reduce vibration and damage, including oblique cut holes (1), straight cut holes Slot hole (2), first common auxiliary hole (3), second common auxiliary hole (4), pre-split auxiliary hole (5), peripheral hole (6).

Example 2

With reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, for the bad situation of lithology, use under the situation that for example rock is extremely hard or rock fissure develops more, on the basis of embodiment 1, the interval between pre-cracking auxiliary holes (5), Pre-splitting auxiliary holes (7) are evenly arranged, and peripheral holes (8) are arranged at intervals and evenly between the peripheral holes (6).

Example 3

Fig. 5 has provided the structural schematic diagram of two slit special pharmaceutical packs, and Fig. 6 has provided the structural schematic diagram of three slit special pharmaceutical packs, comprising charge cavity (9), cavity (10), cutting slit (11), wherein hollow The upper part of the chamber (10) can be filled with energy-absorbing materials to protect the surrounding rock, and the lower part can be added with energy-expanding materials to increase the energy utilization rate of the explosive. The shell of the special pharmaceutical package can also be designed as pure PVC without a cavity (10); cutting seams (11) It can be designed as 1 cutting seam, 2 cutting seams, 3 cutting seams, 4 cutting seams and other cutting seams according to actual engineering needs.

Example 4

The following description is based on the auxiliary hole pre-split vibration reduction and loss reduction blasting method (level entry) based on embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Arrange a single circle of oblique cut holes (1) on the working face of the roadway, and the cut holes (1) are located in the middle and lower part of the roadway section, as shown in Figure 1.

As a preferred solution, the oblique cutting hole 1 has a hole spacing of 450mm, a hole diameter of 42mm, an inclination angle of 81°, and a hole depth of 2m.

Step 2: Continue to arrange two rows of ordinary auxiliary holes on the periphery of the oblique cutting hole 1, namely the first ordinary auxiliary hole (3) and the second ordinary auxiliary hole (4), as shown in Figure 1.

As a preferred solution, the distance between the oblique cut hole 1 and the first common auxiliary hole (3) is 550 mm, the row spacing between the first common auxiliary hole (3) and the second common auxiliary hole (4) is 550 mm, and the distance between the blastholes is 550 mm. 450mm, vertical drilling, hole depth 2m.

Step 3: Arrange pre-cracking auxiliary holes (5) on the working face of the roadway around the second common auxiliary hole (4), as shown in Figure 1.

As a preferred solution, the hole spacing of the pre-splitting auxiliary holes (5) is 600mm, the hole depth is 2m, and the row spacing between the pre-splitting auxiliary holes (5) and ordinary auxiliary holes (4) is 550mm.

Step 4: arrange peripheral holes (6) on the working face of the peripheral roadway of the pre-split auxiliary hole (5), as shown in Fig. 1 .

As a preferred solution, the distance between the peripheral holes (6) is 600 mm, and the distance between the pre-split auxiliary holes (5) and the peripheral holes 6 is 600 mm, as shown in Figure 1 .

Step 5: Make the Multi-Purpose Medicine Tube. Earlier explosive is packed into the explosive cavity (9) of special-made multi-functional drug tube. Then make the detonating tube, the detonating package should cut off the legs of the two generator detonators and keep only 20cm in length, connect them to the blasting busbar respectively, and wrap them tightly with insulating tape to prevent short circuit and open circuit. Then two detonators are inserted into the explosive column and packed into the explosive cavity (9) in the special multi-functional explosive tube. The place where the explosive pack is made should be 10m away from the explosive storage point.

As an optimal solution, when making the multifunctional drug tube, energy-absorbing materials such as foam can be inserted into the upper cavity, which can greatly absorb the energy transmitted by the explosion to the upper retained rock mass, and reduce the damage of the explosion to the retained rock mass.

Step 5: Put the special multi-functional drug tube into the pre-split auxiliary hole (5) and the peripheral hole (6) and then adjust the direction of the cutting seam (11) of the multi-functional drug tube so that the direction of the cutting seam (11) is parallel to the contour line direction, which can ensure the formation of macroscopic cracks along the direction of the cutting seam after the explosive explodes.

Step 6: Put ordinary explosives into the oblique cut hole (1), the first ordinary auxiliary hole (3), and the second ordinary auxiliary hole (4).

Step 7: Millisecond differential detonation, the detonation damage is the pre-split auxiliary hole (5), the cut hole (1), the first ordinary auxiliary hole (3), the second ordinary auxiliary hole (4), and the peripheral hole (6) .

Step 8: Slag out.

Example 5

The following description is based on the auxiliary hole pre-split vibration reduction and loss blasting method (shaft) based on embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Arrange oblique cut holes (1) and straight cut holes (2) on the working face of the shaft, as shown in Figure 2.

As a preferred solution, the oblique cut hole (1) has a circle diameter of 1600mm, the blast hole spacing is 628mm, and the blast hole inclination angle is 81°; the straight cut hole (2) has a circle diameter of 1800mm, the blast hole spacing is 706mm, and the blast hole depth is 5.4m.

Step 2: Arrange the first common auxiliary hole (3) and the second common auxiliary hole (4) on the working face of the shaft, as shown in Figure 2.

As a preferred solution, the diameter of the first common auxiliary hole (3) is 3100 mm, and the distance between the holes is 885 mm; the diameter of the second common auxiliary hole (4) is 4300 mm, and the distance between the holes is 843 mm.

Step 3: Arrange pre-splitting auxiliary holes (5) on the working face of the shaft, as shown in Figure 2.

As a preferred solution, the diameter of the pre-splitting auxiliary hole (5) is 5300 mm, and the distance between the two blastholes of the pre-splitting auxiliary hole (5) is 800 mm.

Step 4: Arrange peripheral holes (6) on the working face of the shaft, as shown in Figure 2.

As a preferred solution, the circle diameter of the peripheral hole (6) is 6600mm, and the distance between the two blastholes of the peripheral hole (6) is 800mm.

Step 5: Put the special multi-functional charge roll containing explosives into the auxiliary pre-splitting hole (5) and the peripheral hole (6), the direction of the cutting seam is parallel to the contour line of the shaft, and seal it with gun mud.

As an optimal solution, incompressible granular energy-enhancing materials such as fine sand can be poured into the cavity near the direction of the rock to be blasted, and the particle "jet" generated by the explosion can be used to destroy the rock and strengthen the crack expansion; Energy-absorbing materials such as rubber and aluminum foam are added to the cavity to protect the surrounding rock.

Step 6: Put ordinary explosives into the oblique cut hole (1), the straight cut hole (2), the first ordinary auxiliary hole (3), and the second ordinary auxiliary hole (4), and then seal them with gun mud .

Step 7: Use millisecond differential detonation, the detonation sequence is: pre-split auxiliary hole (5), oblique cut hole (1), straight eye cut hole (2), first ordinary auxiliary hole (3), second ordinary Auxiliary hole (4), peripheral hole (6).

Step 8: Slag out.

Example 6

The following description is based on the auxiliary hole pre-split vibration reduction and loss reduction blasting method (level entry) based on embodiment 2, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Arrange a single circle of slanted cut holes (1) on the working face of the roadway, and the cut holes (1) are located in the middle and lower part of the roadway section, as shown in Figure 3.

As a preferred solution, the space distance of oblique cutting holes is 450mm, the hole diameter is 42mm, the inclination angle is 81°, and the hole depth is 2m.

Step 2: Arrange the first ordinary auxiliary hole (3) and the second ordinary auxiliary hole (4) on the working face of the roadway, as shown in Figure 3.

As a preferred solution, the row spacing of the first common auxiliary hole (3) and the second common auxiliary hole (4) is 550 mm, the distance between the blast holes is 450 mm, and the holes are drilled vertically with a depth of 2 m.

Step 3: Arrange pre-split auxiliary holes (5) and pre-split auxiliary holes (7) on the working face of the roadway, as shown in Figure 3.

As an optimal solution, the hole spacing of the pre-splitting auxiliary holes (5) is 600mm, the spacing between the pre-splitting auxiliary holes (5) and the pre-splitting auxiliary holes (7) is 300mm, and the hole depth is 2m. The row spacing of the cracked auxiliary holes (7) and the second common auxiliary holes (4) is 550mm.

Step 4: arrange peripheral holes (6) and peripheral empty holes (8) on the working face of the roadway, as shown in Figure 2.

As a preferred solution, the distance between the peripheral holes (6) and the peripheral holes (8) is 300mm, the distance between the peripheral holes (6) is 600mm, and the peripheral holes (8) are evenly distributed between two adjacent peripheral holes (6) ,as shown in picture 2.

Step 5: Make the Multi-Purpose Medicine Tube. Earlier explosive is packed into the explosive cavity (9) of special-made multi-functional drug tube. Then make the detonating tube, the detonating package should cut off the legs of the two generator detonators and keep only 20cm in length, connect them to the blasting busbar respectively, and wrap them tightly with insulating tape to prevent short circuit and open circuit. Then two detonators are inserted into the explosive column and packed into the explosive cavity (9) in the special multi-functional explosive tube. The place where the explosive pack is made should be 10m away from the explosive storage point.

As an optimal solution, when making the multifunctional drug tube, energy-absorbing materials such as foam can be inserted into the upper cavity, which can greatly absorb the energy transmitted by the explosion to the upper retained rock mass, and reduce the damage of the explosion to the retained rock mass.

Step 5: Put the special multi-functional drug tube into the pre-split auxiliary hole (5) and the peripheral hole (6) and then adjust the direction of the cutting seam (11) of the multi-functional drug tube so that the direction of the cutting seam (11) is parallel to the contour line direction, which can ensure the formation of macroscopic cracks along the direction of the cutting seam after the explosive explodes.

Step 6: Put ordinary explosives into the oblique cut hole (1), the first ordinary auxiliary hole (3), and the second ordinary auxiliary hole (4).

Step 7: Millisecond differential detonation, the detonation damage is the pre-split auxiliary hole (5), the cut hole (1), the first ordinary auxiliary hole (3), the second ordinary auxiliary hole (4), and the peripheral hole (6) .

Step 8: Slag out.

Example 7

The following description of embodiment 2 is based on auxiliary hole pre-split vibration reduction and loss reduction blasting method (shaft), comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Arrange oblique cut holes (1) and straight cut holes (2) on the working face of the shaft, as shown in Figure 4.

As a preferred solution, the oblique cut hole (1) has a circle diameter of 1600mm, the blast hole spacing is 628mm, and the blast hole inclination angle is 81°; the straight cut hole (2) has a circle diameter of 1800mm, the blast hole spacing is 706mm, and the blast hole depth is 5.4m.

Step 2: Arrange the first common auxiliary hole (3) and the second common auxiliary hole (4) on the working face of the shaft, as shown in Figure 2.

As a preferred solution, the diameter of the first common auxiliary hole (3) is 3100 mm, and the distance between the holes is 885 mm; the diameter of the second common auxiliary hole (4) is 4300 mm, and the distance between the holes is 843 mm.

Step 3: Arrange pre-split auxiliary holes (5) and pre-split auxiliary holes (7) on the working face of the shaft, as shown in Figure 2.

As an optimal solution, the diameter of the pre-splitting auxiliary hole (5) is 5300mm, the distance between the two blastholes of the pre-splitting auxiliary hole (5) is 800mm, and the pre-splitting auxiliary hole (7) is arranged between the two pre-splitting auxiliary holes (5) , The distance between the pre-split auxiliary holes (5) and the pre-split auxiliary holes (7) is 400mm.

Step 4: Arrange peripheral holes (6) and peripheral empty holes (8) on the working face of the shaft, as shown in Figure 2.

As a preferred solution, the circle diameter of the peripheral hole (6) is 6600mm, the distance between the two blastholes of the peripheral hole (6) is 800mm, the peripheral empty hole (8) is arranged between the two peripheral holes (6), and the peripheral hole (6) and the peripheral hole The spacing between empty holes (8) is 800mm.

Step 5: Put the special multi-functional charge roll containing explosives into the auxiliary pre-splitting hole (5) and the peripheral hole (6), the direction of the cutting seam is parallel to the contour line of the shaft, and seal it with gun mud.

As an optimal solution, incompressible granular energy-enhancing materials such as fine sand can be poured into the cavity near the direction of the rock to be blasted, and the particle "jet" generated by the explosion can be used to destroy the rock and strengthen the crack expansion; Energy-absorbing materials such as rubber and aluminum foam are added to the cavity to protect the surrounding rock.

Step 6: Put ordinary explosives into the oblique cut hole (1), the straight cut hole (2), the first ordinary auxiliary hole (3), and the second ordinary auxiliary hole (4), and then seal them with gun mud .

Step 7: Use millisecond differential detonation, the detonation sequence is: pre-split auxiliary hole (5), oblique cut hole (1), straight eye cut hole (2), first ordinary auxiliary hole (3), second ordinary Auxiliary hole (4), peripheral hole (6).

Step 8: Slag out.

It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of blasting method for reducing rock convergence measure and reducing blasting vibration, which is characterized in that its step are as follows:

Step (1): oblique keyhole (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole are arranged along tunnel contour line in working face (3), the second common via hole (4), presplitting via hole (5), periphery hole (6)；It is spaced between presplitting via hole (5), uniformly sets Presplitting auxiliary emptying aperture (7) is set, is spaced between periphery hole (6), is uniformly arranged periphery emptying aperture (8)；

Step (2): prepare to have and control crack number, direction and special multi-functional pencil with energy-absorbing protective effect；

Step (3): the special multi-functional pencil equipped with explosive is packed into presplitting via hole (5) and periphery hole (6) using tamper, is adjusted Whole special multi-functional pencil cutting seam direction, keeps its cutting seam direction parallel with tunnel contour line, and orthodox explosive is wrapped into tiltedly drawing Slot (1), straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4)；Presplitting assists emptying aperture (7) and periphery Emptying aperture (8) not powder charge；

Step (4): millisecond detonating；Millisecond detonating sequence be that presplitting via hole (5) detonates at first, then according to oblique keyhole (1), Straight keyhole (2), the first common via hole (3), the second common via hole (4), periphery hole (6) sequence are detonated.

2. blasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that presplitting assists the straight of emptying aperture (7) and periphery emptying aperture (8) Diameter is more than or equal to the diameter of presplitting via hole (5), periphery hole (6).

3. blasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that presplitting via hole (5) and periphery in the step (1) Hole (6) arranges spacing and is greater than periphery hole (6) and periphery emptying aperture (8) borehole spacing, is split with guaranteeing to be formed between periphery hole (6) to run through Line forms regular contoured surface.

4. blasting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the multi-functional pencil includes explosive chamber (9), surrounds (11) are stitched in the ring cavity (10) of explosive chamber, the cutting through cavity (10)；It is poured into the cavity in quick-fried rock direction closing on Incompressible graininess including fine sand expands energy substance, destroys rock using the particle " jet stream " that explosion generates, reinforces splitting Line extension；The energy-absorbing substance being added including rubber, foamed aluminium in the cavity of protection country rock is being closed on, country rock is protected.