CN108271646A - A kind of stereo plantation method of arid area Orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora - Google Patents
A kind of stereo plantation method of arid area Orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora Download PDFInfo
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- CN108271646A CN108271646A CN201810112163.7A CN201810112163A CN108271646A CN 108271646 A CN108271646 A CN 108271646A CN 201810112163 A CN201810112163 A CN 201810112163A CN 108271646 A CN108271646 A CN 108271646A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C5/00—Fertilisers containing other nitrates
- C05C5/02—Fertilisers containing other nitrates containing sodium or potassium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of stereo plantation methods of arid area Orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora, are related to flower plants and nursery stock planting technology field, including：（1）, selection of land, site preparation and improvement；（2）, excavate kind of a plant hole；（3）, cinnamomum camphora seedling planting；（4）, sowing Orychophragmus violaceus；（5）, daily management.The present invention uses the solid growth mode of Orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora, retain water and nutrients so that the two still can well adapt to soil environment in arid desert, improve survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flower seedling planting, in particular to a three-dimensional planting method of orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas.
Background
The Orychophragmus violaceus of Brassicaceae is one-year or two-year old, and grows in plain, mountain, roadside, and underground. Has low requirements on conditions such as soil illumination and the like, and has cold and drought resistance, negative resistance and tenacious vitality.
The camphor trees are excellent greening trees, street trees and house trees, and are much loved and slightly shade-resistant; the soil is fond of warm and humid climate, has weak cold resistance, is suitable for growing in sandy loam, is more resistant to water and humidity, but is not resistant to drought, barren soil and saline-alkali soil.
The west of China mostly belongs to arid or semiarid regions, and in the arid regions, problems are encountered in plant introduction due to special natural geographic environments, so that the orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora cannot adapt to the arid environment well, and the survival rate is very low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional planting method of orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas, which adopts a three-dimensional planting mode of the orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora to preserve water and fertilizer, so that the orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora can still better adapt to the soil environment in arid and barren areas, and the survival rate is improved.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional planting method for orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection, soil preparation and improvement
Selecting land: selecting soil which is tidy, open, flat in ground and leeward and sunny as a planting area;
land preparation: cleaning residual roots, weeds and impurities of plants in the planting area;
improvement: turning over, mixing soil conditioner, irrigating the whole planting area after 1-2 days, covering with a mulching film, preserving heat and moisture for 8-10 days, and removing the mulching film;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of bran, 45-50 parts of soybean meal, 25-30 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of peanut shells, 10-15 parts of corn straw powder, 10-15 parts of expanded perlite and 5-10 parts of quick lime;
(2) excavating planting hole
Excavating planting holes in a planting area, wherein the depth of each planting hole is 40-100 cm, the diameter of each planting hole is 60-100 cm, and degradable water retention layers are laid on the bottom surfaces and the inner walls of the planting holes;
the degradable water retention layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-90 parts of plant fiber material, 9-11 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 9-11 parts of heavy calcium carbonate, 4-6 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 4-6 parts of stearic acid, 1-3 parts of coupling agent, 1-3 parts of antioxidant, 1-3 parts of dispersant and 25-35 parts of water;
(3) planting camphor tree seedlings
Selecting camphor tree seedlings with strong root systems and no diseases and insect pests in the same year for 3-4 months, coating a water locking agent on roots of the camphor tree seedlings, transplanting and planting the camphor tree seedlings into planting holes, covering a mixture formed by mixing a substrate and soil according to the proportion of 1: 9-11 in the planting holes, compacting, irrigating root soil until the whole root soil is completely soaked in water, and then paving moss on the root soil;
the water locking agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 14-16 parts of sodium alginate, 14-16 parts of plant straw, 9-11 parts of attapulgite, 9-11 parts of sodium glutamate, 4-6 parts of ABT rooting powder, 4-6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 4-6 parts of borax, 1-3 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate and 20-30 parts of water;
(4) sowing of Zhuge vegetable
Collecting orychophragmus violaceus seeds, drilling planting holes in soil in a planting area, dibbling the seeds into the planting holes according to the density of 2-3 particles in one hole in 9-10 months in the year, covering a mixture of expanded perlite and zeolite powder, and watering every day to keep moist; thinning the seedlings of the orychophragmus violaceus after the orychophragmus violaceus seedlings emerge, and reserving one seedling in each planting hole;
(5) daily management of
Managing fertilizer and water, shaping and pruning and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;
the plastic pruning comprises the following steps: pruning the camphor trees once in summer every year, removing upper branch stems, smearing a protective agent on wounds, and carrying out drip irrigation on the camphor trees with nutrient solution every 8-10 days all day in summer.
Preferably, the step (1) further comprises the step of installing a sprinkling irrigation device, and installing a micro-sprinkling irrigation sprayer at a height of 20-45 cm from the soil surface of the planting area.
Preferably, the coupling agent in the step (2) is a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent, the antioxidant is β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate or tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, and the plant fiber material comprises 8-10 parts of wheat straw, 5-6 parts of corn straw and 1-3 parts of sugarcane straw.
Preferably, the preparation method of the degradable water retention layer in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the plant fiber material, and sieving the crushed plant fiber material with a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain powder;
(2) uniformly mixing and stirring the powdery substance, polyvinyl alcohol, heavy calcium carbonate, nano-dioxide, stearic acid, a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a dispersing agent in a stirrer, and adding water in the stirring process to obtain a mixed material;
(3) preparing a hot press and a mould, preheating the temperature to 105 ℃, putting the mixed material into the mould for hot pressing, taking out, and cooling and drying to obtain the degradable water-retaining layer.
Preferably, the matrix in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of humus soil, 10-12 parts of rooting agent, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 2-3 parts of diatomite, 1-2 parts of vermiculite, 1-2 parts of moss, 1-2 parts of 0.1% naphthylacetic acid water solution, 0.6-0.8 part of chlorophyll, 0.4-0.6 part of pine needle powder, 0.4-0.6 part of mushroom residue, 0.1-0.2 part of quicklime and 0.1-0.2 part of carbendazim.
Preferably, the matrix is also subjected to a sterilization treatment: irradiating the hairy root substrate at a position of 1.1-1.2 m by using a 45-60W ultraviolet sterilizing lamp for 2-4 h.
Preferably, the protective agent in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-26 parts of a sulfur bonding agent solution, 14-16 parts of quicklime, 9-11 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 29-31 parts of water.
Preferably, the nutrient solution in step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.006-0.008 g/L boric acid, 0.004-0.006 g/L zinc sulfate, 0.0008-0.001 g/L copper sulfate, 0.0006-0.0008 g/L manganese sulfate, 0.0006-0.0008 g/L ferric sulfate, 0.0004-0.0006 g/L calcium superphosphate, 0.0004-0.0006 g/L calcium nitrate, 0.0004-0.0006 g/L potassium nitrate and the balance of water.
Preferably, the step (5) further comprises planting euonymus fortune in the roots around the dry period of the cinnamomum camphora.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the three-dimensional planting mode of the orychophragmus violaceus and the cinnamomum camphora is adopted, water and fertilizer are preserved, so that the orychophragmus violaceus and the cinnamomum camphora can still better adapt to the soil environment in arid and barren areas, the survival rate is improved, and the three-dimensional planting mode specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) transplanting the cinnamomum camphora seedlings with soil into planting holes in 3-4 months of the year, sowing orychophragmus violaceus in 9-10 months of the year, wherein the orychophragmus violaceus seedlings need to be kept warm and water, the cinnamomum camphora seedlings grow to a certain height, branches and leaves play a role in preventing wind and keeping warm, and the orychophragmus violaceus seedlings below the orychophragmus violaceus seedlings can be irradiated sufficiently by light through proper pruning; in spring of the next year, the orychophragmus violaceus blooms and the cinnamomum camphora forms a three-dimensional growth mode, branches and leaves of the cinnamomum camphora can provide shading effect for the orychophragmus violaceus, particularly, the orychophragmus violaceus can be prevented from being burnt by strong light in summer, in addition, the orychophragmus violaceus have fewer plant diseases and insect pests, the use of chemical pesticides can be reduced, and the environment is improved;
(2) according to the invention, camphor tree seedlings are planted in a multi-level water and fertilizer retention mode, planting holes are excavated, degradable water retention layers are laid on the inner walls of the planting holes, water locking agents are smeared at the roots of the camphor tree seedlings, the roots of the camphor tree seedlings are limited to grow in the spaces of the planting holes for a long period of time before the degradable water retention layers are degraded, and the roots can absorb sufficient water in a matching manner; after the degradable water-retaining layer is gradually decomposed, the limitation of the camphor tree seedling root system is relieved, and the root system naturally grows to the deep soil, so that the camphor tree seedling still can grow well in the soil environment with water shortage;
(3) the moss is laid on the roots of the cinnamomum camphora seedlings, so that the moss plays a role in water retention and heat preservation, further prevents water and soil loss, and can efficiently convey water and nutrients to the root systems until the water and nutrients are absorbed;
(4) the degradable water-retaining layer used in the invention has certain air permeability and water resistance, and forms a certain limited space in the planting hole, so that on one hand, the function of preventing water and soil loss is achieved, on the other hand, the growth of the root system of the cinnamomum camphora can be controlled, the cinnamomum camphora can grow upwards after being coiled in the planting hole, and naturally grow downwards after the material is degraded, so that the nutrient moisture of the root system can be supplied intensively, the root system can also lock the soil in the planting hole, and the problem that the root system can not grow healthily due to water and nutrient shortage in arid and barren areas can be prevented; the degradable water retention layer can be completely degraded and is safe and pollution-free to the environment by adopting plant fiber materials as main raw materials, heavy calcium carbonate and nano silicon dioxide as toughening agents and polyvinyl alcohol as an adhesive, and multiple experimental data show that the degradation period of the degradable water retention layer is 6-10 months;
(5) the soil is improved, the soil aggregate structure can be promoted, the soil hardening can be prevented or eliminated, the soil pH value can be adjusted, and in addition, pathogens and viruses can be killed;
(6) the invention plants the euonymus fortune on the roots around the stems of cinnamomum camphora, and the euonymus fortune has warm and humid climate, is pleasant to light but also resistant to yin, also resistant to drought and barren, strong in cold resistance, low in requirement on soil and capable of protecting the stems.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. These examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A three-dimensional planting method for orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection, soil preparation and improvement
Selecting land: selecting soil which is tidy, open, flat in ground and leeward and sunny as a planting area;
land preparation: cleaning residual roots, weeds and impurities of plants in the planting area;
improvement: ploughing, mixing with soil conditioner, irrigating and covering with mulching film 1 day later, and uncovering the film 8 days later;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of bran, 45 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of peanut shells, 10 parts of corn straw powder, 10 parts of expanded perlite and 5 parts of quick lime;
(2) excavating planting hole
Excavating planting holes in the planting area, wherein the depth of each planting hole is 40cm, the diameter of each planting hole is 60cm, and degradable water retention layers are laid on the bottom surface and the inner wall of each planting hole;
the degradable water retention layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of plant fiber material, 9 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 9 parts of ground limestone, 4 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 4 parts of stearic acid, 1 part of coupling agent, 1 part of antioxidant, 1 part of dispersant and 25 parts of water;
(3) planting camphor tree seedlings
Selecting camphor tree seedlings with strong root systems and no diseases and insect pests in the same year for 3-4 months, coating a water locking agent on the roots of the camphor tree seedlings, transplanting and planting the camphor tree seedlings in planting holes, covering a mixture formed by mixing a substrate and soil according to the proportion of 1:9 in the planting holes, compacting, irrigating root soil until the whole root soil is completely soaked in water, and then paving moss on the root soil;
the water locking agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 14 parts of sodium alginate, 14 parts of plant straws, 9 parts of attapulgite, 9 parts of sodium glutamate, 4 parts of ABT rooting powder, 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts of borax, 1 part of potassium nitrate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate and 20 parts of water;
(4) sowing of Zhuge vegetable
Collecting orychophragmus violaceus seeds, drilling planting holes in soil in a planting area, dibbling the seeds into the planting holes according to the density of 2 seeds in one hole in 9-10 months in the year, covering a mixture of expanded perlite and zeolite powder, and watering every day to keep moist; thinning the seedlings of the orychophragmus violaceus after the orychophragmus violaceus seedlings emerge, and reserving one seedling in each planting hole;
(5) daily management of
Managing fertilizer and water, shaping and pruning and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;
the plastic pruning comprises the following steps: pruning the camphor trees once in summer every year, removing upper branch stems, smearing a protective agent on wounds, and carrying out drip irrigation on the camphor trees with nutrient solution every 8 days in summer all day.
Wherein,
and (2) the step (1) also comprises the step of installing a sprinkling irrigation device, and installing a micro-sprinkling irrigation nozzle at a height of 20cm from the soil surface of the planting area.
The coupling agent in the step (2) is a silane coupling agent, the antioxidant is β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate, and the plant fiber material comprises the following raw materials of 8 parts of wheat straw, 5 parts of corn straw and 1 part of sugarcane stalk.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the degradable water retention layer in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the plant fiber material, and sieving the crushed plant fiber material with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain powder;
(2) uniformly mixing and stirring the powdery substance, polyvinyl alcohol, heavy calcium carbonate, nano-dioxide, stearic acid, a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a dispersing agent in a stirrer, and adding water in the stirring process to obtain a mixed material;
(3) preparing a hot press and a mould, preheating the temperature to 105 ℃, putting the mixed material into the mould for hot pressing, taking out, and cooling and drying to obtain the degradable water-retaining layer.
Wherein,
the matrix in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of humus soil, 10 parts of rooting agent, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of diatomite, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of moss, 1 part of 0.1% naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution, 0.6 part of chlorophyll, 0.4 part of pine needle powder, 0.4 part of mushroom residue, 0.1 part of quicklime and 0.1 part of carbendazim.
The matrix is also subjected to a sterilization treatment: irradiating the hairy root substrate at a position of 1.1m by using a 45W ultraviolet sterilizing lamp for 2-4 h.
The protective agent in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24 parts of a sulfur bonding agent solution, 14 parts of quicklime, 9 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 29 parts of water.
The nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: boric acid 0.006g/L, zinc sulfate 0.004g/L, copper sulfate 0.0008g/L, manganese sulfate 0.0006g/L, ferric sulfate 0.0006g/L, calcium superphosphate 0.0004g/L, calcium nitrate 0.0004g/L, potassium nitrate 0.0004g/L and balance water.
And (5) planting euonymus fortune on the roots around the dry period of the cinnamomum camphora.
Example 2
A three-dimensional planting method for orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection, soil preparation and improvement
Selecting land: selecting soil which is tidy, open, flat in ground and leeward and sunny as a planting area;
land preparation: cleaning residual roots, weeds and impurities of plants in the planting area;
improvement: turning over, mixing with soil conditioner, irrigating and covering with mulching film 2 days later, and uncovering the film 10 days later;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of bran, 50 parts of bean pulp, 30 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of peanut shell, 15 parts of corn straw powder, 15 parts of expanded perlite and 10 parts of quick lime;
(2) excavating planting hole
Excavating planting holes in a planting area, wherein the depth of each planting hole is 100cm, the diameter of each planting hole is 100cm, and degradable water retention layers are paved on the bottom surfaces and the inner walls of the planting holes;
the degradable water retention layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of plant fiber material, 11 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 11 parts of ground limestone, 6 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 6 parts of stearic acid, 3 parts of coupling agent, 3 parts of antioxidant, 3 parts of dispersant and 35 parts of water;
(3) planting camphor tree seedlings
Selecting camphor tree seedlings with strong root systems and no diseases and insect pests in the same year for 3-4 months, coating a water locking agent on the roots of the camphor tree seedlings, transplanting and planting the camphor tree seedlings in planting holes, covering a mixture formed by mixing a substrate and soil according to the proportion of 1: 11 in the planting holes, compacting, irrigating root soil until the whole root soil is completely soaked in water, and then paving moss on the root soil;
the water locking agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 16 parts of sodium alginate, 16 parts of plant straws, 11 parts of attapulgite, 11 parts of sodium glutamate, 6 parts of ABT rooting powder, 6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 6 parts of borax, 3 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate and 30 parts of water;
(4) sowing of Zhuge vegetable
Collecting orychophragmus violaceus seeds, drilling planting holes in soil in a planting area, dibbling the seeds into the planting holes according to the density of 3 seeds in one hole in 9-10 months in the year, covering a mixture of expanded perlite and zeolite powder, and watering every day to keep moist; thinning the seedlings of the orychophragmus violaceus after the orychophragmus violaceus seedlings emerge, and reserving one seedling in each planting hole;
(5) daily management of
Managing fertilizer and water, shaping and pruning and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;
the plastic pruning comprises the following steps: pruning the camphor trees once in summer every year, removing upper branch stems, smearing a protective agent on wounds, and carrying out drip irrigation on the camphor trees with nutrient solution every 10 days in summer all day.
Wherein,
and (2) the step (1) also comprises the step of installing a sprinkling irrigation device, and installing a micro-sprinkling irrigation nozzle at a height of 45cm from the soil surface of the planting area.
The coupling agent in the step (2) is a titanate coupling agent, the antioxidant is tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, and the plant fiber material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of wheat straw, 6 parts of corn straw and 3 parts of sugarcane stalk.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the degradable water retention layer in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the plant fiber material, and sieving the crushed plant fiber material with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain powder;
(2) uniformly mixing and stirring the powdery substance, polyvinyl alcohol, heavy calcium carbonate, nano-dioxide, stearic acid, a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a dispersing agent in a stirrer, and adding water in the stirring process to obtain a mixed material;
(3) preparing a hot press and a mould, preheating the temperature to 105 ℃, putting the mixed material into the mould for hot pressing, taking out, and cooling and drying to obtain the degradable water-retaining layer.
Wherein,
the matrix in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of humus soil, 12 parts of rooting agent, 3 parts of water-retaining agent, 3 parts of diatomite, 2 parts of vermiculite, 2 parts of moss, 2 parts of 0.1% naphthylacetic acid water solution, 0.8 part of glauconin, 0.6 part of pine needle powder, 0.6 part of mushroom residue, 0.2 part of quicklime and 0.2 part of carbendazim.
Wherein,
the matrix is also subjected to a sterilization treatment: the hairy root substrate was irradiated at 1.2m for 4h using a 60W UV germicidal lamp.
The protective agent in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 26 parts of sulfur mixture solution, 16 parts of quicklime, 11 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 31 parts of water.
The nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: boric acid 0.008g/L, zinc sulfate 0.006g/L, copper sulfate 0.001g/L, manganese sulfate 0.0008g/L, ferric sulfate 0.0008g/L, calcium superphosphate 0.0006g/L, calcium nitrate 0.0006g/L, potassium nitrate 0.0006g/L and balance water.
And (5) planting euonymus fortune on the roots around the dry period of the cinnamomum camphora.
Example 3
A three-dimensional planting method for orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection, soil preparation and improvement
Selecting land: selecting soil which is tidy, open, flat in ground and leeward and sunny as a planting area;
land preparation: cleaning residual roots, weeds and impurities of plants in the planting area;
improvement: ploughing, mixing soil conditioner, irrigating and covering a mulching film in the whole planting area after 1 day, and uncovering the film after 8-10 days of heat preservation and moisture preservation;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of bran, 47.5 parts of soybean meal, 27.5 parts of humic acid, 12.5 parts of peanut shell, 12.5 parts of corn straw powder, 12.5 parts of expanded perlite and 7.5 parts of quick lime;
(2) excavating planting hole
Excavating planting holes in the planting area, wherein the depth of each planting hole is 60cm, the diameter of each planting hole is 80cm, and degradable water retention layers are paved on the bottom surface and the inner wall of each planting hole;
the degradable water retention layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of plant fiber material, 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of ground limestone, 5 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 5 parts of stearic acid, 2 parts of coupling agent, 2 parts of antioxidant, 2 parts of dispersant and 30 parts of water;
(3) planting camphor tree seedlings
Selecting camphor tree seedlings with strong root systems and no diseases and insect pests in the same year for 3-4 months, coating a water locking agent on the roots of the camphor tree seedlings, transplanting and planting the camphor tree seedlings in planting holes, covering a mixture formed by mixing a substrate and soil according to the proportion of 1:10 in the planting holes, compacting, irrigating root soil until the whole root soil is completely soaked in water, and then paving moss on the root soil;
the water locking agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of humic acid, 17.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 15 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of plant straw, 10 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of sodium glutamate, 5 parts of ABT rooting powder, 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of borax, 2 parts of potassium nitrate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate and 25 parts of water;
(4) sowing of Zhuge vegetable
Collecting orychophragmus violaceus seeds, drilling planting holes in soil in a planting area, dibbling the seeds into the planting holes according to the density of 2 seeds in one hole in 9-10 months in the year, covering a mixture of expanded perlite and zeolite powder, and watering every day to keep moist; thinning the seedlings of the orychophragmus violaceus after the orychophragmus violaceus seedlings emerge, and reserving one seedling in each planting hole;
(5) daily management of
Managing fertilizer and water, shaping and pruning and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;
the plastic pruning comprises the following steps: pruning the camphor trees once in summer every year, removing upper branch stems, smearing a protective agent on wounds, and carrying out drip irrigation on the camphor trees with nutrient solution every 9 days in summer all day.
Wherein,
and (2) the step (1) also comprises the step of installing a sprinkling irrigation device, and installing a micro-sprinkling irrigation nozzle at the height of 35cm from the soil surface of the planting area.
The coupling agent in the step (2) is a titanate coupling agent, the antioxidant is β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate, and the plant fiber material comprises the following raw materials of 9 parts of wheat straw, 5.5 parts of corn straw and 2 parts of sugarcane stalk.
Wherein,
the preparation method of the degradable water retention layer in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the plant fiber material, and sieving the crushed plant fiber material with a 90-mesh sieve to obtain powder;
(2) uniformly mixing and stirring the powdery substance, polyvinyl alcohol, heavy calcium carbonate, nano-dioxide, stearic acid, a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a dispersing agent in a stirrer, and adding water in the stirring process to obtain a mixed material;
(3) preparing a hot press and a mould, preheating the temperature to 105 ℃, putting the mixed material into the mould for hot pressing, taking out, and cooling and drying to obtain the degradable water-retaining layer.
Wherein,
the matrix in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of humus soil, 11 parts of rooting agent, 2.5 parts of water-retaining agent, 2.5 parts of diatomite, 1.5 parts of vermiculite, 1.5 parts of moss, 1.5 parts of 0.1% naphthylacetic acid aqueous solution, 0.7 part of chlorophyll, 0.5 part of pine needle powder, 0.5 part of mushroom residue, 0.15 part of quicklime and 0.15 part of carbendazim.
The matrix is also subjected to a sterilization treatment: the hairy root substrate was irradiated at 1.15m for 3h using a 50W UV germicidal lamp.
The protective agent in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of sulfur mixture solution, 15 parts of quicklime, 10 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 30 parts of water.
The nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: boric acid 0.007g/L, zinc sulfate 0.005g/L, copper sulfate 0.0009g/L, manganese sulfate 0.0007g/L, ferric sulfate 0.0007g/L, calcium superphosphate 0.0005g/L, calcium nitrate 0.0005g/L, potassium nitrate 0.0005g/L and balance water.
And (5) planting euonymus fortune on the roots around the dry period of the cinnamomum camphora.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A three-dimensional planting method for orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection, soil preparation and improvement
Selecting land: selecting soil which is tidy, open, flat in ground and leeward and sunny as a planting area;
land preparation: cleaning residual roots, weeds and impurities of plants in the planting area;
improvement: turning over, mixing soil conditioner, irrigating the whole planting area after 1-2 days, covering with a mulching film, preserving heat and moisture for 8-10 days, and removing the mulching film;
the soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of bran, 45-50 parts of soybean meal, 25-30 parts of humic acid, 10-15 parts of peanut shells, 10-15 parts of corn straw powder, 10-15 parts of expanded perlite and 5-10 parts of quick lime;
(2) excavating planting hole
Excavating planting holes in a planting area, wherein the depth of each planting hole is 40-100 cm, the diameter of each planting hole is 60-100 cm, and degradable water retention layers are laid on the bottom surfaces and the inner walls of the planting holes;
the degradable water retention layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-90 parts of plant fiber material, 9-11 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 9-11 parts of heavy calcium carbonate, 4-6 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 4-6 parts of stearic acid, 1-3 parts of coupling agent, 1-3 parts of antioxidant, 1-3 parts of dispersant and 25-35 parts of water;
(3) planting camphor tree seedlings
Selecting camphor tree seedlings with strong root systems and no diseases and insect pests in the same year for 3-4 months, coating a water locking agent on roots of the camphor tree seedlings, transplanting and planting the camphor tree seedlings into planting holes, covering a mixture formed by mixing a substrate and soil according to the proportion of 1: 9-11 in the planting holes, compacting, irrigating root soil until the whole root soil is completely soaked in water, and then paving moss on the root soil;
the water locking agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 14-16 parts of sodium alginate, 14-16 parts of plant straw, 9-11 parts of attapulgite, 9-11 parts of sodium glutamate, 4-6 parts of ABT rooting powder, 4-6 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 4-6 parts of borax, 1-3 parts of potassium nitrate, 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate and 20-30 parts of water;
(4) sowing of Zhuge vegetable
Collecting orychophragmus violaceus seeds, drilling planting holes in soil in a planting area, dibbling the seeds into the planting holes according to the density of 2-3 particles in one hole in 9-10 months in the year, covering a mixture of expanded perlite and zeolite powder, and watering every day to keep moist; thinning the seedlings of the orychophragmus violaceus after the orychophragmus violaceus seedlings emerge, and reserving one seedling in each planting hole;
(5) daily management of
Managing fertilizer and water, shaping and pruning and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;
the plastic pruning comprises the following steps: pruning the camphor trees once in summer every year, removing upper branch stems, smearing a protective agent on wounds, and carrying out drip irrigation on the camphor trees with nutrient solution every 8-10 days all day in summer.
2. The three-dimensional planting method of orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises the step of installing a sprinkling irrigation device, and installing a micro-sprinkling irrigation nozzle at a height of 20-45 cm from the soil surface of the planting areas.
3. The three-dimensional planting method of orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein the coupling agent in the step (2) is a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent, the antioxidant is β - (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate or tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, and the plant fiber material comprises 8-10 parts of wheat straw, 5-6 parts of corn straw and 1-3 parts of sugarcane straw.
4. The stereoscopic planting method of orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid regions according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the degradable water-retaining layer in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the plant fiber material, and sieving the crushed plant fiber material with a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain powder;
(2) uniformly mixing and stirring the powdery substance, polyvinyl alcohol, heavy calcium carbonate, nano-dioxide, stearic acid, a coupling agent, an antioxidant and a dispersing agent in a stirrer, and adding water in the stirring process to obtain a mixed material;
(3) preparing a hot press and a mould, preheating the temperature to 105 ℃, putting the mixed material into the mould for hot pressing, taking out, and cooling and drying to obtain the degradable water-retaining layer.
5. The three-dimensional planting method for orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein the substrate in the step (3) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of humus soil, 10-12 parts of rooting agent, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 2-3 parts of diatomite, 1-2 parts of vermiculite, 1-2 parts of moss, 1-2 parts of 0.1% naphthylacetic acid water solution, 0.6-0.8 part of chlorophyll, 0.4-0.6 part of pine needle powder, 0.4-0.6 part of mushroom residue, 0.1-0.2 part of quicklime and 0.1-0.2 part of carbendazim.
6. The method for three-dimensional planting of orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas according to claim 5, wherein the substrate is further subjected to sterilization treatment: irradiating the hairy root substrate at a position of 1.1-1.2 m by using a 45-60W ultraviolet sterilizing lamp for 2-4 h.
7. The three-dimensional planting method for orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein the protective agent in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 24-26 parts of a sulfur bonding agent solution, 14-16 parts of quicklime, 9-11 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 29-31 parts of water.
8. The stereoscopic planting method for orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.006-0.008 g/L boric acid, 0.004-0.006 g/L zinc sulfate, 0.0008-0.001 g/L copper sulfate, 0.0006-0.0008 g/L manganese sulfate, 0.0006-0.0008 g/L ferric sulfate, 0.0004-0.0006 g/L calcium superphosphate, 0.0004-0.0006 g/L calcium nitrate, 0.0004-0.0006 g/L potassium nitrate and the balance of water.
9. The method for three-dimensional planting of orychophragmus violaceus and cinnamomum camphora in arid areas according to claim 1, wherein the step (5) further comprises planting euonymus japonicus in the roots around the dry period of cinnamomum camphora.
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