CN108269653B - High-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
- H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
- H01B13/24—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by extrusion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/12—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances ceramics
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electric wires, and particularly discloses a high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant electric wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant electric wire comprises a conductor, a ceramic fireproof layer is coated outside the conductor, a halogen-free insulating layer is coated outside the ceramic fireproof layer, the ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer are simultaneously extruded and formed by a double-layer co-extrusion machine head, and the ceramic fireproof layer is prepared: low-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, nano kaolin, alumina, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, vulcanizing agent PDM, coupling agent, dispersing agent, adhesive, polyfurum modified epoxy resin and antioxidant CA. Compared with the existing high-temperature-resistant electric wire, the ceramic fireproof layer forms a ceramic structure when encountering fire, and the electric conduction safety of the conductor can be ensured. The ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer have small smoke in fire and avoid generating halogen-containing toxic gas. The ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer are formed by integral extrusion, so that the relatively binding force is strong, the surface of the electric wire is smooth, and the production efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric wires, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant electric wire and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of domestic economic construction, the construction industry is briskly rising, and the demand of insulated wires widely applied to construction engineering is rapidly increased. However, when fire occurs in high-rise buildings, public places and the like, electric wires are prone to failure and cannot be used normally, and meanwhile inconvenience is brought to rescue. In addition, halogen contained in the wire insulating material causes a large amount of halogen-containing toxic smoke generated by combustion, and the fire hazard is aggravated, so that high requirements on flame retardance, temperature resistance and smokeless characteristics of the insulated wire are provided. The mica tape is wound outside a conductor in the traditional high-temperature-resistant wire, but the mica tape has an undesirable temperature-resistant effect, is easy to become brittle and fall off when meeting high temperature, and has a poor flame-retardant effect. In addition, the mica tape is wound outside the conductor, so that the surface of the insulating layer at the outermost side of the wire is uneven, and the wire is inconvenient to use side by side. Chinese patent CN205487491U, a long-life novel environment-friendly flame-retardant fire-resistant electric wire, published as 2016, 8, 17, discloses a flame-retardant fire-resistant electric wire with a mica layer wrapped outside a conductor and an insulating layer wrapped outside the mica layer, wherein the mica layer is formed by wrapping two layers of fire-resistant mica outside the conductor. However, the flame-retardant fire-resistant wire has temperature difference resistance, can resist the highest temperature of 125 ℃, and the mica layer is easy to become brittle and fall off at the high temperature, so that the high-requirement temperature-resistant flame-retardant effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the traditional high-temperature-resistant electric wire, the invention aims to provide a high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant electric wire with a ceramic fireproof layer arranged on the outer side of a conductor and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
high temperature resistant low smoke and zero halogen flame retardant electric wire, including the conductor, the outer cladding of conductor has ceramic flame retardant coating, the outer cladding of ceramic flame retardant coating has the halogen-free insulating layer, ceramic flame retardant coating and halogen-free insulating layer are by double-deck coextrusion aircraft nose extrusion simultaneously, ceramic flame retardant coating's material is prepared by following parts by weight component: 80-100 parts of low-density polyethylene, 40-60 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 20-30 parts of nano kaolin, 10-15 parts of alumina, 10-15 parts of silicon oxide, 8-12 parts of silicon carbide, 0.5-0.8 part of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.3-0.6 part of coupling agent, 0.3-0.6 part of dispersing agent, 0.2-0.5 part of adhesive polyaluminium modified epoxy resin and 0.1-0.3 part of antioxidant CA.
The high-temperature-resistant halogen-free flame-retardant wire has a good high-temperature-resistant flame-retardant effect. The silicon carbide has good temperature resistance, and can be used as a flame-retardant fire-resistant agent to enhance the flame-retardant property of the low-density polyethylene rubber. The nano kaolin, the alumina and the silicon oxide are ceramized along with the temperature rise to 500-700 ℃, ceramic structures are formed in the ceramic fireproof layer and on the surface of the ceramic fireproof layer, the ceramization is intensified along with the further temperature rise, a medium-high temperature ceramic structure is formed, the thermal shock resistance is good, the conductor can not be brittle and fall off compared with a mica tape, the normal use of the conductor can be protected, and the fire fault of the electric wire can be avoided to the greatest extent. The ceramic fireproof layer does not contain halogen, so that the generation of halogen-containing toxic gas can be avoided. Meanwhile, the ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer are simultaneously extruded and molded through a double-layer co-extruder head, so that the ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer are tightly attached, the binding force between the ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer is improved, the sleeve loosening phenomenon is avoided, and the flame retardant effect of the electric wire is enhanced. And the production efficiency is improved to a great extent, and raw materials are saved.
As an improvement of the invention, the halogen-free insulating layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of low-density polyethylene, 40-60 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 55-75 parts of ABS resin, 2-5 parts of adhesive polyfurfuryl-modified epoxy resin, 15-20 parts of nano kieselguhr, 5-8 parts of flame-retardant oil agent, 0.8-1 part of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.2-0.5 part of coupling agent, 0.3-0.6 part of dispersing agent, 0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant CA and 90.2-0.5 part of weather-resistant agent UV-90.
As a modification of the invention, the coupling agent is one of silane coupling agents A-172, A-171 or A-151.
As a modification of the invention, the dispersant is one of glass fiber, methyl amyl alcohol or guar gum.
The material of the halogen-free insulating layer is prepared by compounding low-density polyethylene and ABS resin, and is added with nano diatomite and flame-retardant oil, so that the halogen-free insulating layer has good insulating, heat-resistant and flame-retardant properties and ultraviolet resistance, the strength of the wire is improved, the service life of the wire is prolonged, and particularly the resistance in case of high-temperature fire is realized. And the halogen-containing substance is avoided from being added in the material of the halogen-free insulating layer, so that the smoke generation degree is low when a fire disaster occurs, and halogen-containing toxic gas is not generated.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing particles: uniformly mixing all components of the material of the ceramic fireproof layer, extruding the mixture by a screw extruder to obtain ceramic fireproof particles, uniformly mixing all components of the material of the halogen-free insulating layer, and extruding the mixture by the screw extruder to obtain halogen-free insulating layer particles;
(2) drying and dehumidifying: drying and dehumidifying the ceramic fireproof particles and the halogen-free insulating layer particles for 12-24 hours in an environment with a wind speed of 0.8-1.5 m/s and a temperature of 25-35 ℃;
(3) preparing an extruder: installing a double-layer co-extrusion machine head and a die on the wire extruder, checking the wire extruder, and adjusting the temperature control of each section of the main machine and the auxiliary machine;
(4) extrusion molding: the conductor preheated to 50-70 ℃ is sent into an electric wire extruder through a wire feeding device, halogen-free insulating layer particles and adhesives are added into a main machine, ceramic fireproof particles and adhesives are added into an auxiliary machine, and the halogen-free insulating layer and the ceramic fireproof layer are extruded by the main machine and the auxiliary machine at the same time.
As an improvement of the invention, the temperature control of each section of the main machine is respectively as follows: one section is 115-120 ℃, two sections are 120-125 ℃, three sections are 125-130 ℃, four sections are 130-135 ℃, five sections are 135-145 ℃, six sections are 145-150 ℃, seven sections are 150-155, and the temperature of a machine head is 145-150 ℃.
As an improvement of the invention, the temperature control of each section of the auxiliary machine is respectively as follows: 145-150 ℃ for the first section, 150-155 ℃ for the second section, 155-160 ℃ for the third section, 160-165 ℃ for the fourth section, 165-170 ℃ for the fifth section and 165-170 ℃ for the head.
As an improvement of the invention, the double-layer co-extrusion machine head is an adjustment-free eccentric machine head.
As an improvement of the invention, a filter screen is arranged at a rubber filter plate of the double-layer co-extrusion machine head, and the aperture of the filter screen is 38-58 mu m.
The ceramic fireproof particles and the halogen-free insulating layer particles are used after being dried and dehumidified, so that the influence of moisture on the performance of the ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer is avoided. The conductor is preheated and then used, so that the attaching and bonding effects between the ceramic fireproof layer and the conductor are good, and loose sleeves between the conductor and the ceramic fireproof layer are avoided. The extrusion temperature of the main machine is 5-10 ℃ lower than that of a common wire extrusion process, the extrusion temperature of the auxiliary machine is about 5 ℃ higher than that of the common wire extrusion process, the ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer can be simultaneously extruded and molded by setting the temperature difference, the two layers are well combined, and the plasticization is normal. The conductor, the ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer of the non-adjustable eccentric machine head have high concentricity and stable and simple operation process. Through setting up filter screen filtration particle impurity, scorching granule, increase commodity circulation resistance and backpressure, make the material plastify more even, it is even to extrude the flow.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing high-temperature-resistant wire adopting a mica layer, the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire has the advantages that 1) the ceramic fireproof layer forms a ceramic structure when encountering fire, can resist open fire above 1000 ℃, has better strength and supporting force, can ensure the conductive safety of a conductor, and greatly saves materials. 2) The ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer have small smoke in fire and can avoid the generation of halogen-containing toxic gas. 3) The integrated extrusion molding of the ceramic fireproof layer and the halogen-free insulating layer is adopted, the relative adhesive force is strong, the surface of the electric wire is smooth, the construction is convenient, and the production efficiency is improved by 3 times compared with that of the winding mica tape.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. conductor, 2, ceramic fire-proof layer, 3, halogen-free insulating layer.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention.
The starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available or commonly used in the art, unless otherwise specified, and the methods in the following examples are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the high temperature resistant low smoke halogen-free flame retardant electric wire comprises a conductor 1, wherein a ceramic fireproof layer 2 is coated outside the conductor 1, a halogen-free insulating layer 3 is coated outside the ceramic fireproof layer 2, the ceramic fireproof layer 2 and the halogen-free insulating layer 3 are simultaneously extruded and formed by a double-layer co-extrusion machine head, and the ceramic fireproof layer 2 is prepared from the following components: 80kg of low-density polyethylene, 40kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 20kg of nano kaolin, 10kg of alumina, 10kg of silicon oxide, 8kg of silicon carbide, 0.5kg of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.3kg of coupling agent, 0.3kg of dispersing agent, 0.2kg of adhesive polyfurnum modified epoxy resin and 0.1kg of antioxidant CA0. The halogen-free insulating layer 3 is prepared from the following components: 80kg of low-density polyethylene, 40kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 55kg of ABS resin, 0.2kg of adhesive polyfurum modified epoxy resin, 15kg of nano diatomite, 5kg of flame-retardant oil agent, 0.8kg of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.2kg of coupling agent, 0.3kg of dispersing agent, 0.2kg of antioxidant CA and 90.2 kg of weather-resistant agent UV-90. The coupling agent is preferably silane coupling agent A-172, and the dispersing agent is preferably glass fiber.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing particles: uniformly mixing all components of the material of the ceramic fireproof layer, extruding the mixture by a screw extruder to obtain ceramic fireproof particles, uniformly mixing all components of the material of the halogen-free insulating layer, and extruding the mixture by the screw extruder to obtain halogen-free insulating layer particles;
(2) drying and dehumidifying: drying and dehumidifying the ceramic fireproof particles and the halogen-free insulating layer particles for 24 hours in an environment with the wind speed of 0.8m/s and the temperature of 25 ℃;
(3) preparing an extruder: installing a double-layer co-extrusion machine head and a die on the wire extruder, checking the wire extruder, and adjusting the temperature control of each section of the main machine and the auxiliary machine;
(4) extrusion molding: the conductor preheated to 50 ℃ is sent into an electric wire extruder through a wire feeding device, halogen-free insulating layer particles and adhesives are added into a main machine, ceramic fireproof particles and adhesives are added into an auxiliary machine, and the halogen-free insulating layer and the ceramic fireproof layer are extruded by the main machine and the auxiliary machine simultaneously. Wherein the temperature control of each section of the main machine is respectively as follows: one section is 115-120 ℃, two sections are 120-125 ℃, three sections are 125-130 ℃, four sections are 130-135 ℃, five sections are 135-145 ℃, six sections are 145-150 ℃, seven sections are 150-155, and the temperature of a machine head is 145-150 ℃. The temperature control of each section of the auxiliary machine is respectively as follows: 145-150 ℃ for the first section, 150-155 ℃ for the second section, 155-160 ℃ for the third section, 160-165 ℃ for the fourth section, 165-170 ℃ for the fifth section and 165-170 ℃ for the head. The double-layer co-extrusion machine head is an adjustment-free eccentric machine head, and a filter screen with the aperture of 38 mu m is arranged at the rubber filter plate of the double-layer co-extrusion machine head.
Example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire is characterized in that the ceramic fireproof layer 2 is prepared from the following components: 90kg of low-density polyethylene, 50kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 25kg of nano kaolin, 12.5kg of alumina, 12.5kg of silicon oxide, 10kg of silicon carbide, 0.65kg of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.45kg of coupling agent, 0.45kg of dispersing agent, 0.35kg of adhesive polyaluminium chloride modified epoxy resin and 0.2kg of antioxidant CA. The halogen-free insulating layer 3 is prepared from the following components: 90kg of low-density polyethylene, 50kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 65kg of ABS resin, 0.35kg of adhesive polyfurum modified epoxy resin, 15-20 parts of nano diatomite, 17.5kg of flame-retardant oil agent, 0.9kg of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.35kg of coupling agent, 0.45kg of dispersing agent, 0.35kg of antioxidant CA and 90.35 kg of weather-resistant agent UV. Wherein the coupling agent is preferably silane coupling agent A-171, and the dispersing agent is preferably methyl amyl alcohol.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire comprises the following steps of (2) drying and dehumidifying at the air speed of 1.2m/s and the drying temperature of 30 ℃ for 18 h; the preheating temperature of the conductor for extrusion forming filtration in the step (4) is 60 ℃, and the specification of the filter screen is 48 mu m.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire is characterized in that the ceramic fireproof layer 2 is prepared from the following components: 100kg of low-density polyethylene, 60kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 30kg of nano kaolin, 15kg of alumina, 15kg of silicon oxide, 12kg of silicon carbide, 0.8kg of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.6kg of coupling agent, 0.6kg of dispersing agent, 0.5kg of adhesive polyfurfuryl modified epoxy resin and 0.3kg of antioxidant CA. The halogen-free insulating layer 3 is prepared from the following components: 100kg of low-density polyethylene, 60kg of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 75kg of ABS resin, 0.5kg of adhesive polyfurum modified epoxy resin, 20kg of nano diatomite, 8kg of flame-retardant oil agent, 1kg of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.5kg of coupling agent, 0.6kg of dispersing agent, 0.5kg of antioxidant CA and 90.5 kg of weather-resistant agent UV-90. Wherein the coupling agent is preferably silane coupling agent A-151, and the dispersing agent is preferably Gule glue.
The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire comprises the following steps of (2) drying and dehumidifying at the wind speed of 1.5m/s and the drying temperature of 35 ℃ for 12 h; the preheating temperature of the conductor for extrusion forming filtration in the step (4) is 70 ℃, and the specification of the filter screen is 58 mu m.
Compared with the existing high-temperature-resistant wire adopting a mica layer, the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire can resist open fire above 1000 ℃, the horizontal combustion grade is HB after the combustion test according to GB/T2408-.
Claims (8)
1. High temperature resistant low smoke and zero halogen flame retardant electric wire, including the conductor, its characterized in that, the outer cladding of conductor has ceramic flame retardant coating, the outer cladding of ceramic flame retardant coating has the halogen-free insulating layer, ceramic flame retardant coating and halogen-free insulating layer are by double-deck coextrusion aircraft nose extrusion simultaneously, ceramic flame retardant coating's material is prepared by following weight parts component: 80-100 parts of low-density polyethylene, 40-60 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 20-30 parts of nano kaolin, 10-15 parts of alumina, 10-15 parts of silicon oxide, 8-12 parts of silicon carbide, 0.5-0.8 part of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.3-0.6 part of coupling agent, 0.3-0.6 part of dispersing agent, 0.2-0.5 part of adhesive polyaluminium modified epoxy resin and 0.1-0.3 part of antioxidant CA.
2. The high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire according to claim 1, wherein the halogen-free insulating layer is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of low-density polyethylene, 40-60 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, 55-75 parts of ABS resin, 0.2-0.5 part of adhesive polyfurfuryl modified epoxy resin, 15-20 parts of nano kieselguhr, 5-8 parts of flame-retardant oil agent, 0.8-1 part of vulcanizing agent PDM, 0.2-0.5 part of coupling agent, 0.3-0.6 part of dispersing agent, 0.2-0.5 part of antioxidant CA and 90.2-0.5 part of weather-resistant agent UV-90.2-0.5 part.
3. The high temperature resistant low smoke zero halogen flame retardant wire of claim 1 or 2, wherein the coupling agent is one of silane coupling agents a-172, a-171 or a-151.
4. The high temperature resistant low smoke zero halogen flame retardant wire of claim 1 or 2, wherein the dispersant is one of glass fiber, methyl amyl alcohol or guar gum.
5. The preparation method of the high temperature resistant low smoke zero halogen flame retardant wire of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing particles: uniformly mixing all components of the material of the ceramic fireproof layer, extruding the mixture by a screw extruder to obtain ceramic fireproof particles, uniformly mixing all components of the material of the halogen-free insulating layer, and extruding the mixture by the screw extruder to obtain halogen-free insulating layer particles;
(2) drying and dehumidifying: drying and dehumidifying the ceramic fireproof particles and the halogen-free insulating layer particles for 12-24 hours in an environment with a wind speed of 0.8-1.5 m/s and a temperature of 25-35 ℃;
(3) preparing an extruder: installing a double-layer co-extrusion machine head and a die on a cable extruder, checking a control program of the cable extruder, and adjusting the temperature control of each section of a main machine and an auxiliary machine;
(4) extrusion molding: the method comprises the following steps of feeding a conductor preheated to 50-70 ℃ into a cable extruder through a wire feeding device, adding halogen-free insulating layer particles and adhesive polyfurmin modified epoxy resin into a main machine, adding ceramic fireproof particles and adhesive polyfurmin modified epoxy resin into an auxiliary machine, and extruding a halogen-free insulating layer and a ceramic fireproof layer by the main machine and the auxiliary machine.
6. The preparation method of the high temperature resistant low smoke zero halogen flame retardant wire according to claim 5, characterized in that the temperature control of each section of the main machine is respectively: the temperature of the first section is 115-120 ℃, the temperature of the second section is 120-125 ℃, the temperature of the third section is 125-130 ℃, the temperature of the fourth section is 130-135 ℃, the temperature of the fifth section is 135-145 ℃, the temperature of the sixth section is 145-150 ℃, the temperature of the seventh section is 150-155, the temperature of the nose is 145-150 ℃, and the temperature control of each section of the auxiliary machine is as follows: 145-150 ℃ for the first section, 150-155 ℃ for the second section, 155-160 ℃ for the third section, 160-165 ℃ for the fourth section, 165-170 ℃ for the fifth section and 165-170 ℃ for the head.
7. The preparation method of the high temperature resistant low smoke zero halogen flame retardant electric wire according to claim 5, characterized in that the double-layer co-extrusion head is an adjustment-free eccentric head.
8. The preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire according to claim 5, wherein a filter screen is arranged at a rubber filter plate of the double-layer co-extrusion machine head, and the aperture of the filter screen is 38-58 μm.
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