CN108267602B - 对于维生素d的释放剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了对于维生素D的释放剂,具体公开了在进行血液或血液组分(特别是血清或血浆)中25(OH)维生素D的免疫测定的领域中的发明。本发明使用全氟烷基酸或其盐从维生素D结合蛋白中释放25(OH)维生素D。此后,使包含25‑OH维生素D的结合蛋白进行使用标记的维生素D化合物的竞争性结合测定。
Description
本申请是申请日为2011年12月27日、发明名称为“对于维生素D的释放剂”的中国专利申请号201180062883.3的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及使用从内源结合蛋白中释放维生素D的试剂测定血液或血液组分的样品中总维生素D或维生素D代谢产物(具体地,25-羟基维生素D)的免疫测定方法,包括床旁检测(重点照护检验,point of care test)。
背景技术
称为“维生素D”的物质包括脂溶性激素原及其代谢产物和类似物的组。维生素D在体内出现的主要形式是维生素D2(麦角钙化醇)和维生素D3(胆钙化醇)。后者是维生素D的内源形式,人可以在日光的影响下在皮肤中形成它。前者是通过食物摄取的维生素D的外源形式。在美国,维生素D2被用作药物维生素D补充物。
尽管维生素D2和D3在它们侧链的分子结构方面不同,但是它们作为激素原具有相同的生物活性,其以两步最终代谢成1,25-二羟基维生素D(钙三醇或1,25-二羟基胆钙化醇)。之前的代谢产物25-羟基维生素D或钙二醇是在肝脏中通过转化获得的,并被认为是维生素D在体内的储存形式。
循环维生素D主要由25(OH)维生素D3和25(OH)维生素D2组成。在生物学上,25(OH)维生素D2与25(OH)维生素D3同样有效。循环中的25(OH)维生素D2的半衰期更短。对于临床实践,推荐使用测量25(OH)维生素D3和25(OH)维生素D2两者的25(OH)维生素D测定(1)。
长期以来,维生素D被认为是重要物质,其活性形式在骨的形成和维持中以及在人或动物体的其它过程中起作用。因此,它通过促进肠从食物中对钙和磷的吸收和在肾中对钙的重吸收来提高血流中钙的浓度;从而使得骨能够正常矿化并防止低血钙性抽搐。它对于通过成骨细胞和破骨细胞的骨生长和骨重建是必需的。
维生素D缺乏导致骨矿化(盐沉积,mineralization)受损并引起骨软化疾病,儿童中的佝偻病和成人中的骨软化,并且可能导致骨质疏松症。
近年来,已认识到维生素D在人类健康中起到许多其它作用。它可以调节免疫功能并降低炎症。还表明维生素D可以防止结肠癌、乳腺癌和卵巢癌。
因此,对于人或动物的健康来说,具有足够水平的维生素D是至关重要的。
但是,过量的维生素D(其可由于过量给药而发生)是有毒的。维生素D毒性的一些症状为肠钙吸收提高所导致的钙血症(血液中钙水平升高)。已知维生素D毒性是造成高血压的原因。维生素D毒性的胃肠症状可以包括厌食症、恶心和呕吐。这些症状通常随后会发生多尿(尿过度产生)、烦渴(口渴提高)、虚弱、紧张、瘙痒(发痒)并最终发生肾衰竭。
显然,重要的是能够诊断受试者可能的维生素D缺乏。能够测试受试者(特别是进行维生素D补充的受试者)可能的维生素D过量也是重要的。在临床实践中,25-羟基-维生素D的血清水平被认为是维生素D状态的主要指标。(2)。
血清中几乎所有循环25(OH)-维生素D是与维生素D结合蛋白(88%)和白蛋白(12%)结合的。维生素D结合蛋白(DBP)是血清浓度250-400mg/L的含量丰富的蛋白。维生素D以接近抗体亲合力的相对高亲合力(5*108M-1)与DBP结合。
血清中维生素D浓度的精确测量需要从DBP上释放结合的维生素D。
维生素D测量的早期方法包括使用有机溶剂(如乙腈)的提取步骤。其它方法依赖于使用高或低pH的维生素D-DBP复合物的解离(WO2004/063704)。其它方法依赖于使用ANS从内源结合蛋白上竞争性取代维生素D(US 7,482,162)。最近,已发表了包括DBP蛋白水解消化在内的方法(WO 2008/092917 A1)。Armbruster公开了利用通过羟基化芳香族羧酸的取代来直接测量维生素D的方法(WO 2003/023391)。Kyriatsoulis所述的方法依赖于使用pH 3.8至4.8的试剂和5-30%DMSO、液体有机酰胺和可选地0.5-5%的短链醇从维生素D结合蛋白上释放维生素D。Kobold提供了基于具有季氮类离子的阳离子盐的释放方法(EP2007/140962)。US 2008/0182341提及了在测量分析物浓度的测定中使用的稳定剂和捕获配基。这些稳定剂是以某些烷基氨基氟代表面活性剂为背景公开的。本发明人提出相对于结合分析物,这种表面活性剂通过稳定平衡从而有利于游离的未结合分析物的测量。氟碳辛酸(fluorocarbon octanoic acid)被提及为可能的危险物质。
测定维生素D的背景参考文献包括Hollis BW.Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin Din a clinical environment:challenges and needs.Am J Clin Nutr.2008Aug;88(2):507S-510S;Holick MF.Vitamin D:extraskeletal health.Endocrinol Metab ClinNorth Am.2010Jun;39(2):381-400。
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明提供了用于体外定性测定血液或血液组分中25-羟基维生素D的存在的方法,其包括:
(a)向样品中加入碳链长度为4至12个碳原子的全氟烷基酸或其盐以使得维生素D能够从维生素D结合蛋白上释放;
(b)可选地用稀释剂稀释样品;
(c)将混合物与固定的结合蛋白(特别是抗维生素D抗体)一起进行温育;
(d)将样品与维生素D和功能标记物的结合物接触,该功能标记物以竞争性方式与抗维生素D抗体结合;
(e)确定与结合蛋白结合的标记的维生素D化合物的浓度。
在另一个方面,本发明在于用于进行上述方法的试剂盒。
在又一个方面,该方法可以用于“床旁”检测(“重点照护”检验,“point of care”testing)。后者是指在病人监护位置处或附近的测试,即,不是抽取血液样品并将这些血液样品送至诊断实验室,样品可以立即引入到能够以尽可能有限数量的步骤和尽可能有限数量的人工操作来进行测定的便携式,优选地手持式装置中。
附图说明
图1显示了25(OH)维生素D的校准曲线。
图2提供了用全氟己酸(PFHxA)和用全氟辛酸(PFOA)释放得到的比较结果的图。
具体实施方式
广义上,本发明涉及通过使用碳链长度为4至12的全氟烷基酸或其盐从内源结合蛋白释放维生素D的免疫测定,确定血液或血液组成,特别是血清或血浆中的维生素D。
可以想象地,在本发明中可以使用全氟烷基羧酸或全氟磺酸或其盐。具体地,可以使用全氟己酸(PFHxA)或全氟辛酸(PFOA)。
该测定通常包括:
(a)向样品中加入稀释剂/测定缓冲液;
(b)加入用抗维生素D抗体涂覆的磁性颗粒;
(c)将样品温育一定时间;
(d)加入维生素D和功能标记物的结合物;
(e)确定维生素D和与抗体结合的功能标记物的结合物的量。
可以以本领域已知的任何方式从希望测定血液中25-OH维生素D的存在的受试者(具体地为人)中抽出这些样品。
优选地,用水性稀释剂稀释样品。优选地,稀释剂是测定缓冲液。可以在抗体加入之前、期间或之后进行稀释。样品稀释剂或测定稀释剂可以是水基的,并且优选地将是缓冲溶液。优选地,缓冲pH为6.0至8.0。适合的稀释剂包括(例如)磷酸盐柠檬酸盐缓冲液。缓冲液中全氟烷基酸的浓度应为0.1%-3%,优选地0.5%。适合的缓冲溶液是本领域中常用的并且不需要在本文中说明。
可以以单独的方式加入全氟烷基酸,但是优选地全氟烷基酸包含在样品稀释剂中,优选地包含在测定缓冲液中。
样品与抗25(OH)维生素D抗体接触。后者可以加入到样品中,或者可以将样品转移到含有结合蛋白的反应小瓶中。
维生素D的抗体在本领域中是已知的,并且在现有的维生素D免疫测定中广泛使用。这些相同的抗体以及其它结合蛋白也可以在本发明中使用。例如,作为维生素D抗体的替代,可以使用如通过噬菌体展示技术产生的抗体片段。适合的抗体可以是单克隆或多克隆抗体。它们可以通过已知方式获得,例如来自维生素D免疫测定应用的本领域已知的多克隆羊抗维生素D、多克隆兔抗维生素D或任何其它适合的维生素D抗体。适合的抗体得自以下参考文献,例如:Hollis,Clin.Chem 31/11,1815-1819(1985);Hollis,Clin.Chem 39/3,529-533(1993)。
优选地,所使用的抗体是固定化的。优选地,它们以包含固体载体的颗粒形式使用。通常,抗体涂覆在固相上,例如,在微量滴定板上。在优选的实施方式中,抗体涂覆在磁性颗粒上,其有利于它们在磁场中的分离。
加入抗体后,温育样品。所需的时间将取决于环境,如试剂浓度、结合蛋白类型和温育期间的条件,例如,振荡和温度。通常,温育时间将在10秒至几个小时的范围内,优选地1分钟至1小时。对于自动化平台,优选短温育时间(10秒至10分钟,优选地30秒至30分钟)。
在第一温育期之后,加入维生素D与功能标记物的结合物。能够在用于维生素D测量的免疫测定中用作竞争性结合抗原的多种标记化合物是已知的。典型的标记物是放射性标记物、荧光标记物、发光标记物、生物素标记物、金标记物、酶标记物。竞争性结合测定是技术人员已知的并且不需要说明,特别是因为可以使用已知适合于维生素D测量的任何标记物进行本发明方法的这个部分。特别地,可以使用的标记物是在现有维生素D免疫测定的上述参考文献中公开的那些。
通过标记物能够测量浓度,因此确定了样品中维生素D的浓度。将理解通过校准测量(即通过在相同测定中校准剂的响应)确定所测量值的含义(判读)。
可以通过提供包含预定浓度的25-OH维生素D的校准剂来进行本发明测定的校准。优选地,使用LC-MS-MS方法确定校准剂中维生素D的浓度。
在另一个方面,本发明以用于确定血液或血液组分中25-OH维生素D的免疫测定的形式提供了产品,其中该测定利用根据以上实施方式中任一个的方法。更具体地,这种产品将以用于进行免疫测定的试剂盒的形式提供。该试剂盒可以包含所涉及的释放试剂(即抗体)、标记的维生素D化合物和稀释剂/测定缓冲液。可以单独提供这些试剂,因此只有当它们在本发明测定中使用时形成试剂盒。优选地,将试剂作为一个试剂盒的部分一起提供,优选地包装在一起。可选地,试剂盒包含用于血液或血液组分样品的容器,但是按照惯例这也可以单独提供。通常,试剂盒包含固定在固相上的结合剂和单独的结合的维生素D。按照本领域中的惯例,其它试剂盒组分将取决于所选择的标记物,这是因为不同的标记物可能需要不同的试剂。
应理解本发明不限于如上所述的实施方式和配制品。还应理解本发明中的“包含”不排斥其它要素或步骤。在使用不定冠词或定冠词的情况下,当涉及单数名词(例如“一个”、“一种”、“该”)时,除非另外具体说明,否则这包括该名词的复数。
本发明将参考以下非限制性实施例和非限制性附图进行说明。
实施例
维生素D的测量
使用自动化平台进行测定。向15μl样品中加入255μl样品稀释剂/测定缓冲液。将100μl的稀释样品等份转移到第二温育孔中。将体积为50μl的用单克隆抗体涂覆的磁性颗粒加入到稀释样品中并在37℃下温育45分钟。随后,加入50μl生物素化的维生素D溶液并在37℃下温育7分钟。然后,加入50μl抗生物素蛋白链菌素-吖啶酯(acridinium ester)溶液并在37℃下再温育7分钟。在结合和游离的生物素化的维生素D的磁力分离后,对结合的吖啶酯定量。
材料
顺磁颗粒:用抗小鼠IgG的多克隆抗体(5μg/mg磁性颗粒)涂覆磁性颗粒(Invitrogen,M280甲苯磺酰基活化,2.8μm)。在16小时期间,以在0.01M PBS、0.138M NaCl(pH 7.4)中的0.5mg/ml的浓度在辊筒(roller)上涂覆颗粒。最后,用含有0.1%Proclin-950的0.05M Tris/0.05%BSA阻断(block)颗粒。在16小时期间,在37℃下用浓度为0.4μg/mg颗粒的第二抗维生素D单克隆抗体层涂覆颗粒。
样品稀释剂:由含有0.05%BSA和0.5%PFOA的0.1M TRIS缓冲液(pH 8.0)组成。
结合物:(即标记的维生素D化合物)是生物素化的维生素D。结合物以在含有0.05%牛血清白蛋白的0.1M Tris缓冲液(pH 8.0)中0.5ng/ml的浓度存在。
方案
向15μl样品中加入255μl样品稀释剂/测定缓冲液。将100μl的稀释样品等份转移到第二温育孔中。将体积为50μl的单克隆抗体涂覆的磁性颗粒加入到稀释样品中并在37℃下温育45分钟。随后,加入50μl生物素化的维生素D溶液并在37℃下培养7分钟。然后,加入50μl抗生蛋白链菌素-吖啶酯溶液并在37℃下再温育7分钟。在结合和游离的生物素化的维生素D的磁力分离后,对结合的吖啶酯定量。通过加入触发剂产生化学发光信号。比色杯中产生的信号与样品或校准剂中25(OH)维生素D的浓度成反比。可以通过将未知物信号与校准剂响应进行比较来计算原始样品中25(OH)维生素D的浓度。
结果
在下表和图1中,显示了校准曲线。在不含维生素D的血清中制备25(OH)维生素D3校准剂,其在0-136ng/ml的范围内。
将生物素化的25(OH)维生素D替代至7%的水平(136ng/ml)。
使用全氟辛酸释放和全氟己酸释放测量样品组。结果相关性很好(r=0.990),表明两种化合物均可以使用(图2)。
表
表1.25(OH)维生素D校准曲线。
Claims (8)
1.一种利用从内源结合蛋白中释放维生素D的试剂测定血液或血液组分样品中25-羟基维生素D的免疫测定方法,其中所述试剂是具有4-12的碳链长度的全氟烷基酸或其盐,以0.5-3%的浓度包含在测定缓冲液中,所述方法包括参照对于总的25-OH维生素D的校准剂浓度确定25-羟基维生素D的总浓度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述全氟烷基酸选自由全氟己酸、全氟辛酸及其混合物组成的组中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其为用于体外定性测定血液或血液组分中25-羟基维生素D的存在的方法,包括:
(a)向所述样品中加入所述测定缓冲液;
(b)使所述测定缓冲液和所述样品的混合物与抗维生素D抗体一起进行温育;
(c)使所述样品与维生素D和功能标记物的结合物接触,所述功能标记物以竞争性方式与所述抗维生素D抗体结合,所述功能标记物选自由放射性标记物、荧光标记物、发光标记物、生物素标记物、金标记物和酶标记物组成的组中;
(d)参照对于总的25-OH维生素D的校准剂浓度确定与所述抗维生素D抗体结合的标记的维生素D化合物的浓度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述样品是人血清或血浆。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中以涂覆在磁性颗粒上的形式提供所述抗维生素D抗体。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述全氟辛酸或其衍生物选自由全氟辛酸、全氟辛酸铵盐、和全氟辛烷磺酸盐组成的组中。
7.一种用于利用根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的方法进行免疫测定的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含固定在固相上对于25-OH维生素D特异的抗体、维生素D与功能标记物的结合物和测定缓冲液,其中所述功能标记物选自由放射性标记物、荧光标记物、发光标记物、生物素标记物、金标记物和酶标记物组成的组中,所述测定缓冲液包含0.5-3%的具有4-12的碳链长度的全氟烷基酸或其盐。
8.一种具有4-12的碳链长度的全氟烷基酸或其盐在免疫测定中为了确定样品中总维生素D浓度的目的从内源结合蛋白中释放维生素D的应用。
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JP2014501392A (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
CL2013001883A1 (es) | 2014-10-03 |
JP6560271B2 (ja) | 2019-08-14 |
AU2011353202B2 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
WO2012091569A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
EP2635611A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
RU2013127156A (ru) | 2015-02-10 |
US10422805B2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
CA2821415C (en) | 2017-08-01 |
EP2635611B1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
JP6138053B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
CN108267602A (zh) | 2018-07-10 |
CA2821415A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
KR20140019780A (ko) | 2014-02-17 |
AU2011353202A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
BR112013016352A2 (pt) | 2018-06-26 |
KR101838328B1 (ko) | 2018-03-13 |
US20140147935A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
ES2614817T3 (es) | 2017-06-02 |
BR112013016352B1 (pt) | 2021-11-09 |
RU2579312C2 (ru) | 2016-04-10 |
CN103282390A (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
JP2017083475A (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
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