CN108226936A - A kind of time-division shared window laser radar system based on micro mirror - Google Patents
A kind of time-division shared window laser radar system based on micro mirror Download PDFInfo
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- CN108226936A CN108226936A CN201711106256.0A CN201711106256A CN108226936A CN 108226936 A CN108226936 A CN 108226936A CN 201711106256 A CN201711106256 A CN 201711106256A CN 108226936 A CN108226936 A CN 108226936A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of time-division shared window laser radar system based on micro mirror, first through hole is offered on the first single side speculum；The second through-hole is offered on second single side speculum；The laser beam that laser generates is divided into two-way, and laser beam is emitted to detection target after first through hole is emitted to micro mirror through micro mirror all the way；Another way laser beam is emitted to the second single side speculum after time delay optical fiber, and micro mirror is emitted to by the second through-hole, and detection target is emitted to through micro mirror；For the echo beam being reflected back from detection target after micro mirror reflexes to the first single side speculum and the second single side speculum, concentrated lens converge to optical detector.The present invention is separated the echo beam of two beam shoot lasers using time delay optical fiber in the time domain, two-way echo beam can just be detected simultaneously using one group of detector by realizing, and further simplify system structure, reduce system bulk and number of devices, it is cost-effective, and reduce the assembly precision of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser radar more particularly to a kind of time-division shared window laser radar systems based on micro mirror.
Background technology
Laser radar is a kind of high-precision distance measuring equipment.As a kind of active probe device, laser radar not by
The influence at night in daytime has stronger antijamming capability.Other than the application in fields such as mappings, in recent years automatic
It drives and unmanned plane field also results in great concern.Conventional laser radar combines mechanical rotational structure using multi-path laser
Design, not only speed is slow, volume is big, but also high energy consumption, of high cost.Mechanical rotational structure is substituted using micro mirror, can substantially be subtracted
Skinny device volume improves scan frequency, and it is less to consume energy.Further, since micro mirror not only may be constructed one-dimensional scanning minute surface, but also can
To be scanned in two-dimensional surface, it is only necessary to which laser can detect entire inspection surface all the way.This compact-sized design so that be based on
The laser radar of micro mirror is easy to be embedded into portable equipment, has widened its application scenario significantly.
Existing laser radar system is mainly using the scheme of mechanical rotational structure combination multi-path laser.Equipment volume and into
This is all difficult to decline.The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN 206331115U discloses a kind of electric rotating machine and one-dimensional micro mirror combines
Laser radar scheme, but the presence of electric rotating machine so that further reducing for system dimension is very difficult.In addition, the program makes
With 3 millimeters of optical detector of photosurface, not only expensive but also time domain response is slow, and precision can not be carried out at higher short-pulse laser
It measures.The Chinese patent of Publication No. CN 106707289A proposes a kind of galvanometer of electromagnetic drive, but its minute surface size is li
Meter level much larger than traditional MEMS micromirror, makes it be difficult to obtain larger scan frequency.The patent does not illustrate its laser thunder yet
Up to the specific composition of system.Laser radar system based entirely on MEMS micromirror needs further to be studied and demonstration.It is existing
Laser radar based on MEMS micromirror is still mainly using the scheme emitted and reception window is discrete.The laser radar system of bistatic
The shortcomings that system is that the directional spreding of echo light field is wider, causes receiving light path more complicated, increases system bulk and cost,
It is difficult to apply in portable equipment.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of time-division shared window laser radar system based on micro mirror,
Including：Laser, fiber optic splitter, the first single side speculum, micro mirror, time delay optical fiber, the second single side speculum, convergent lens and
Optical detector；
First through hole is offered on the first single side speculum；It is logical that second is offered on the second single side speculum
Hole；
The laser beam that the laser generates is divided into two-way through the fiber optic splitter, all the way described in laser beam process
After first through hole is emitted to the micro mirror, detection target is emitted to through the micro mirror；Another way laser beam is after time delay optical fiber
The second single side speculum is emitted to, the micro mirror is emitted to by second through-hole, detection target is emitted to through the micro mirror；
The laser beam for being emitted to micro mirror through the first through hole and the second through-hole has the first angle theta, θ ＞ 0；
The first single side speculum and the second list are reflexed to from the echo beam that detection target is reflected back through the micro mirror
After the speculum of face, the optical detector is converged to through the convergent lens.
Further, the aperture of the first through hole is straight not less than the laser beam for being incident to the first single side speculum
Diameter；The aperture of second through-hole is not less than the laser beam spot sizes for being incident to the second single side speculum.
Further, the splitting ratio of the fiber optic splitter is 1:1.
Further, first angle theta meets following relationship：0 ＜ θ≤45 °.
Further, the laser is pulse laser.The micro mirror micro mirror controllable for dynamic deformation.
Further, the micro mirror is one-dimensional micro mirror.
Further, the micro mirror is two-dimensional.
Further, the minute surface of the first single side speculum and the second single side beam splitter is micro-nano structure.
Further, the micro mirror is electrostatic drive, electromagnetic drive, electrothermal drive or Piezoelectric Driving.
Further, the optical detector is PN/PIN photodetectors, avalanche photodide, photomultiplier, CCD
Or cmos detector.
To sum up, the present invention provides a kind of time-division shared window laser radar system based on micro mirror, the reflections of the first single side
First through hole is offered on mirror；The second through-hole is offered on second single side speculum；The laser beam that laser generates is through optical fiber
Beam splitter is divided into two-way, and laser beam is emitted to detection target after first through hole is emitted to micro mirror through micro mirror all the way；It is another
Road laser beam is emitted to the second single side speculum after time delay optical fiber, is emitted to micro mirror by the second through-hole, is emitted through micro mirror
To detection target；The laser beam for being emitted to micro mirror through first through hole and the second through-hole has the first angle theta, θ ＞ 0；From detection
The echo beam that target is reflected back is after micro mirror reflexes to the first single side speculum and the second single side speculum, concentrated lens meeting
Gather to optical detector.The present invention is separated the echo beam of two beam shoot lasers using time delay optical fiber in the time domain, is realized and is adopted
Two-way echo beam can be just detected simultaneously with one group of detector, further simplifies system structure, reduce system bulk and device
Quantity, it is cost-effective, and reduce the assembly precision of system.
Description of the drawings
It in order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art and advantage, below will be to implementing
Example or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only
Only it is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts,
It can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the time-division shared window laser radar system provided by the invention based on micro mirror.
Fig. 2 is micro mirror mirror surface structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is micro mirror mirror surface structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (a) is micro mirror mirror surface structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 (b) is micro mirror mirror surface structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is micro-mirror structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is micro-mirror structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art obtained under the premise of creative work is not made it is all its
His embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one：
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of time-division shared window laser radar system based on micro mirror, including：Swash
Light device 1, fiber optic splitter 2, the first single side speculum 5, micro mirror 3, the second single side speculum 6, convergent lens 8,9 and of optical detector
Time delay optical fiber 4.
First through hole is offered on the first single side speculum 5；It is logical that second is offered on the second single side speculum 6
Hole；
The laser beam that the laser 1 generates divides through the fiber optic splitter 2 for two-way, and laser beam passes through institute all the way
It states after first through hole is emitted to the micro mirror 3, detection target 7 is emitted to through the micro mirror 3；Another way laser beam is through the light that is delayed
The second single side speculum 6 is emitted to after fibre 4, the micro mirror 3 is emitted to by second through-hole, is emitted to through the micro mirror 3
Detect target 7；The laser beam for being emitted to micro mirror 3 through the first through hole and the second through-hole has the first angle theta, θ ＞ 0；
The echo beam being reflected back from detection target 7 reflexes to the first single side speculum 5 and second through the micro mirror 3
After single side speculum 6, the optical detector 9 is converged to through the convergent lens 8.
In one example, the laser 1 is pulse laser.
In one example, laser 1 can be semiconductor edge-emitting laser, vertical surface chamber transmitting semiconductor laser
Device, optical fiber laser etc..
Micro mirror 3 can be a kind of controllable micro mirror 3 of dynamic deformation, different according to specific design, can be one-dimensional or two
Scanning micro-mirror is tieed up, type of drive can be electrostatic drive, electromagnetic drive, electrothermal drive or Piezoelectric Driving etc..
Specifically, share a window to realize that Laser emission and signal receive, in interleaving for laser 1 and micro mirror 3
Enter single side mirror assembly, the effect of single side mirror assembly is largely or entirely for the laser beam that is emitted laser 1
Amount, which passes through, reaches micro mirror 3, while ensure that most of energy of echo beam is launched into convergent lens 8.It is swept to realize
The multiplication of visual field is retouched, the single side mirror assembly includes the first single side speculum 5 and the second single side speculum 6；First single side
5 and second single side speculum 6 of speculum corresponds respectively to the two-way light beam of fiber optic splitter outgoing.
First single side speculum 5 and the second single side speculum 6 can pass through central hole, the fluting system in total reflection mirror
It is standby.First through hole 51 is offered on first single side speculum 5, it is preferred that first through hole 51 is located in the first single side speculum 5
The heart.It is of course also possible to the other positions in the first single side speculum 5 open up first through hole.The area of first through hole 51, which is more than, to swash
Light spot size but the minute surface gross area for being much smaller than the first single side speculum 5.Similar, it is offered on the second single side speculum 6
Second through-hole 61, it is preferred that the second through-hole 61 is located at the center of single side speculum 6.It is of course also possible in the second single side speculum
6 other positions open up the second through-hole 61.The area of second through-hole 61 is more than laser spot size but anti-much smaller than the second single side
Penetrate the minute surface gross area of mirror 6.
The aperture of the first through hole 51 is not less than the laser beam spot sizes for being incident to the first single side speculum 5；Institute
The aperture for stating the second through-hole 61 is not less than the laser beam spot sizes for being incident to the second single side speculum 6.When first through hole 51
Aperture (diameter) not less than the laser beam spot sizes for being incident to the first single side speculum 5 when, can ensure all or near
Whole laser beams pass through the first single side speculum 5.In addition, in order to ensure that all or almost whole laser beams passes through
First single side speculum 5, the first through hole of beam alignment all the way 51 that fiber optic splitter 2 is emitted.When the aperture of the second through-hole 61 is (straight
Diameter) not less than the laser beam spot sizes for being incident to the second single side speculum 6 when, can ensure all or almost whole swash
Light light beam passes through the second single side speculum 6.In addition, in order to ensure that all or almost whole laser beams is anti-by the second single side
Mirror 6 is penetrated, the another way light beam that fiber optic splitter 2 is emitted is directed at the second through-hole 61 after speculum reflects.
When the aperture of the first through hole 51 is equal to the laser beam spot sizes for being incident to the first single side speculum 5,
It can ensure the laser beam of the outgoing of laser 1 just by first through hole 51, and can guarantee that echo beam passes through to the maximum extent
First single side speculum 5 is incident on convergent lens 8, so as to improve detection efficient.
Similar, when the aperture of second through-hole 61 is equal to the laser beam for being incident to the second single side speculum 6
During diameter, it is ensured that the laser beam that laser 1 is emitted is just by the second through-hole 61, and can guarantee echo beam maximum limit
Degree ground is incident on convergent lens 8 through the second single side speculum 6, so as to improve detection efficient.
In order to ensure can to enter through the echo beam that the first single side speculum 5 and the second single side speculum 6 reflect respectively
Convergent lens 8, the first single side speculum 5 and the second single side speculum 6 are staggered relative to convergent lens 8.That is, the first single side reflects
The lower end of mirror 5 is higher than the lower end of convergent lens 8, and the echo beam reflected from the upper end of the second single side speculum 6 will not be by first
Single side speculum blocks.
In order to improve detection efficient, the first single side speculum 5 and/or the second single side speculum 6 can also be micro-nano structures,
In other words, the first single side speculum and/or the second single side speculum have the minute surface that special micro-nano structure designs, required with realization
Function.Since the time that laser exit beam reaches detection target 7 and returns is very short, so that micro mirror 3 is compared to the pulse
It is not rotated significantly during outgoing, so the direction of echo beam (dotted line in Fig. 1) is proper with outgoing beam (solid line in Fig. 1)
Well on the contrary, the echo beam all the way of less parallel light is incident on light after convergent lens 8 is reflected by the first single side speculum 5
On the light-receiving surface of detector 9, it can be received by single optical detector 9；The another way echo beam of less parallel light is by
Two single side speculums 6 are incident on after being reflected into convergent lens 8 on the light-receiving surface of optical detector 9, can be connect by single optical detector 9
It receives.
In one example, the laser 1 is optical fiber laser；Laser 1 is connect with fiber optic splitter 2 by optical fiber.
In one example, the splitting ratio of the fiber optic splitter 2 is 1:1.In order to increase scanning field of view, passed through after laser emitting
By being divided into the comparable two beams laser of energy after fiber optic splitter 2, wherein beam of laser is incident on the first single side speculum 5, warp
First single side speculum 5 is incident on micro mirror 3；Another beam of laser is incident on the second single side speculum 6 after time delay optical fiber 4, passes through
Second through-hole is incident on the minute surface of micro mirror 3 with the angle relative to beam of laser θ.
In one example, first angle theta meets following relationship：0 ＜ θ≤45 °.Wherein angle, θ can be single light
The scanning range of beam in this direction, at this time the visual field of the direction be increased to 2 θ；Angle, θ can also be less than single light beam at this
Any angle of scanning range on direction.Due to use time delay optical fiber 4, two beam laser realize in the time domain it is discrete, can be with area
Point, echo beam is received after the first single side speculum 5 and the second single side speculum 6 by single optical detector 9 respectively.When
So, the first angle theta can not also be confined to above-mentioned angle, as long as can realize anti-from the first single side speculum 5 and the second single side
The echo beam for penetrating the return of mirror 6 is received by single optical detector 9.
In one example, the optical detector 9 for PN/PIN photodetectors, avalanche photodide, photomultiplier,
CCD or cmos detector.
(1) present invention substitutes mechanical rotational structure using micro mirror, can substantially reduce equipment volume, improves scan frequency,
And it is less to consume energy.Further, since micro mirror not only may be constructed one-dimensional scanning minute surface, but also it can be scanned in two-dimensional surface, it is only necessary to one
Road laser can detect entire inspection surface.This compact-sized design so that the laser radar based on micro mirror is easy to embedded
Into portable equipment, its application scenario has been widened significantly.
(2) the present invention is especially suitable for short distance detections and the application scenarios of portable equipment, and the present invention is using shared transmitting
With the laser radar scheme for receiving window, in this scheme, micro mirror functions simultaneously as shoot laser and the scanning of echo beam is anti-
Mirror is penetrated, the minute surface size of micro mirror is the ability for determining light-receiving area and receiving light field.By drawing between laser and micro mirror
Enter the single side speculum with through-hole, make it through most of shoot laser energy, while reflect most of backward energy.It returns
For backtracking to single side speculum, direction is constant after micro mirror reflects for wave, there is no echo directional spreding it is wider the phenomenon that, therefore
It can be received after lens focus by single optical detector.Designing scheme according to the invention, complete laser radar system can
Mainly to include laser, micro mirror, single side speculum and optical detector, so as to greatly reduce number of elements and system complex journey
Degree.
(3) present invention doubles scanning field of view using laser beam splitter, and shoot laser is divided into energy phase after beam splitter
Deng two beam laser.Respectively by corresponding single side speculum, and micro mirror minute surface is incident on the differential seat angle of θ.Wherein angle, θ can
To be the scanning range of single light beam in this direction, under the scanning of two beam laser, the visual field of the direction is increased to 2 θ；Angle
θ can also be less than any angle of the scanning range of single light beam in this direction.Scheme using the present invention can be realized
The multiplication of scanning field of view.The laser radar system of the present invention can realize sufficiently large scanning angle, especially suitable for scanning
Visual field requires the applications such as high full-automatic driving.
(4) present invention is separated the echo beam of two beam shoot lasers using time delay optical fiber in the time domain, realizes use
One group of detector can just detect two-way echo beam simultaneously, further simplify system structure, reduce system bulk and device count
Amount, it is cost-effective, and reduce the assembly precision of system.
Embodiment two：
In the laser radar system described in embodiment one, micro mirror 3 is optical relay component important in light path and scanning
Device.On the one hand, the reflecting surface size of micro mirror 3 defines maximum reflection area, and on the other hand, micro mirror 3 is based on the scanning of itself
Formula structure realizes the scanning for light beam.
Further, the micro mirror 3 micro mirror controllable for dynamic deformation.
In the present embodiment two, the basic structure of 3 minute surface of micro mirror is as shown in Fig. 2, comprising epi mirror 10, scope 11, scope 11 passes through
It is connected by bindiny mechanism 12 with epi mirror 10, epi mirror 10 is connected by torsional axis 13 with external stability anchor point.Epi mirror 10, scope 11 with
And bindiny mechanism 12 forms an entirety and is rotated around rotary shaft, bindiny mechanism 12 is symmetric about micro mirror rotary shaft.
The epi mirror 10, scope 11, bindiny mechanism 12 and torsional axis 13 are formed in SOI wafer.SOI wafer is by top
Single-crystal silicon device layer, intermediate silica buried layer and bottom single crystal layer-of-substrate are formed.Forming process includes：Pass through selectivity
Etching top device layer defines the overall structure of micro mirror, including forming epi mirror, scope, bindiny mechanism and torsional axis.Scope and
The division of epi mirror and the formation of bindiny mechanism are region to be specified to realize by selective etch.
In structure shown in Fig. 2, using the straight line where torsional axis 13 as symmetry axis on SOI, two are etched symmetrically
Semi-circular groove, the semi-circular groove have the first width (H1) and the first radius (R1), single two endpoints of semi-circular groove
Line is parallel with symmetry axis, and has the first distance (L1), first width (H1), the first half between two half slots
Diameter (R1) and the first distance (R1) define the basic configuration and size of micro mirror mirror surface structure.Wherein, the first radius (R1) defines
The size of scope 11；First width (H1) and the first distance (L1) define the length and width of bindiny mechanism 12.Epi mirror 10
The size epi mirror size that is defined by selective etch process determine.After etching, plated simultaneously on scope and epi mirror
High reflectance minute surface layer.High reflectance minute surface layer can sputter the mode plated for example, by evaporation plating or ionic reaction and realize,
Coated metal can be gold, silver, aluminium, by controlling plating process, ensure the flatness of specular layer, to ensure micro mirror scanned
It is in mirror-reflection in journey.In an example, minute surface flatness is within 20nm.Minute surface flatness can be based on the hands such as AFM measurements
Section is verified.
Embodiment three：
A kind of structure of micro mirror 3 is illustrated in fig. 2, and in this configuration, scope 11 rotates around the axis of rotation.It is put in rotation
During dynamic, the intrinsic rotational frequency of micro mirror entirety is determined by total rotary inertia of micro mirror and the stiffness factor of torsional axis 13.Cause
This, by adjusting the shape and size of bindiny mechanism 12, to ensure that the rotational frequency of micro mirror entirety is much smaller than by bindiny mechanism 12
The intrinsic frequency of oscillator is formed with scope 11.The size of bindiny mechanism 12 can by adjusting the first width (H1) and first away from
From (L1), the shape of bindiny mechanism 12 can be formed by changing the pattern of etching.
In the micro-mirror structure of Fig. 3 displayings, using endoscope center as symmetric points on SOI, four arcs are etched in same circumference
Shape slot, four arc grooves be divided into two arc type grooves in two groups, every group about endoscope center symmetric points it is symmetrical, phase
Part between adjacent arc groove forms bindiny mechanism 14.The arc groove has the second width (H2) and the second radius (R2), and
And between two neighboring arc groove have second distance (L2), second width (H2), the second radius (R2) and second away from
From the basic configuration and size that (R2) defines micro mirror mirror surface structure.Wherein, the second radius (R2) defines the size of scope；The
Two width (H2) and second distance (L2) define the length and width of mechanism of bindiny mechanism 14.The size of epi mirror is by selectively losing
Quarter, the process epi mirror size that defines determined.
In the fig. 3 embodiment, according to clockwise sequence, four arc grooves are named as the first arc groove, second successively
Arc groove, third arc groove, the 4th arc groove.According to the requirement of rotary inertia, the distance between four arc grooves between any two
It can be equal second distance (L2), may be set to be unequal (L21, L22, L23, L24).
In the above-described embodiments, four arc grooves are on a circumference, for the purpose for inhibiting dynamic deformation, institute
Stating the shape split of four arc grooves becomes a circumference, and physical location is by the formal expansion of explosive view and spaced.
In the micro-mirror structure shown in Fig. 4 (a), using endoscope center as symmetric points on SOI, etching mutually symmetrical first
Slot and the second slot and symmetrical third slot and the 4th slot structure.
As shown in Fig. 4 (b), first slot structure has following shape：One annulus is set, and the center of circle of annulus can be with
Endoscope center overlaps, and can also deviate a unit distance according to structure dynamics deformation values and endoscope center, the outer diameter of annulus is
RA, internal diameter RB, actionradius are that the circular arc of RC cuts the annulus, and cutting arc shape work piece surrounds two parts with annulus,
Part where minor segment is the first slot；Second slot is with first slot about the endoscope center mirror symmetry.
Certainly, situation is inhibited according to specific dynamic deformation, parabolic knot is can also be for cut the concentric circles
Structure, part where the minor arc that parabola is surrounded with concentric circles form the first slot, and the second slot is with first slot about the scope
Center mirror symmetry.
The third slot has the following structure：One parabola y=ax2+b is set, in parabola symmetry axis upper parabolical
The center of circle, the circle that setting radius is RD, the figure that the circle is surrounded with part where vertex of a parabola are set on the symmetry axis of focus side
Shape forms third slot.The third slot and the 4th slot are about the endoscope center mirror symmetry.
Example IV：
In the present embodiment, it in order to which the dynamic deformation of scope 11 is minimized, is handled using following steps：
After the geomery for determining epi mirror 10, scope 11 and torsional axis 13, FEM calculation point is carried out to structure
Analysis.Based on finite element analysis, the dynamic deformation distribution of 10 central aperture edge of epi mirror is obtained, then by bindiny mechanism 12 close to epi mirror 10
One end be arranged at deformation minimum.
Then whole dynamic deformation is carried out again to calculate, and further checks dynamic of the bindiny mechanism close to epi mirror adjacent one end
Deformation is distributed, near mobile connection mechanism to new minimum value.
It is so repeated several times, until reaching the deformation numerical value of requirement.
For different scope structures, the result tested based on finite element is simultaneously differed.Single rectangular shown in Fig. 2
Connecting shaft 12, the position of connecting shaft setting are located at 10 edge of epi mirror, are in collinear position with torsional axis, thus reach
The dynamic deformation of axial rotation is minimum.
Fig. 3 illustrates the 4 crossbeams composition bindiny mechanism 14 for being connected to 4 different locations of scope and epi mirror edge,
This organization plan is suitable for epi mirror dynamic deformation minimum value not in the situation of edge center.
Fig. 4 illustrates bindiny mechanism 15 and is made of Liang Ge c-types bindiny mechanism, is connected to two centers at epi mirror edge
Position and 4 different locations at scope edge.This designing scheme is located at edge center suitable for epi mirror dynamic deformation minimum value
Situation.
In the structure of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 displaying, between scope and epi mirror tool there are four contact point is more, four contact points it is reasonable
Selection is also beneficial to further suppress scope dynamic deformation.
Embodiment five：
Micro mirror minute surface in above embodiment can be driven by different principle, including and be not limited to electrostatic drive,
Electromagnetic drive, electrothermal drive and Piezoelectric Driving.
Fig. 5 illustrates a kind of driving structure of one-dimensional electrostatic drive micro mirror, and micro mirror minute surface is fixed in anchor via torsional axis
On point 16, and it is connected with external power supply.
Dynamic broach 18 is located at epi mirror both sides and quiet 17 cross-distribution of broach, and quiet broach 17 is via welding section 19 and external power supply
It is another extremely be connected.When external power supply applies periodic voltage excitation, micro mirror minute surface can carry out one-dimensional rotation.
In one example, sound broach is plane broach.
In one example, sound broach is vertical comb teeth.
Based on comb structure, which, which both may operate in mode of resonance, can also work in quasi-static pattern.
In the present embodiment, dynamic broach 18, which is directly arranged at epi mirror minute surface both sides, can increase the dynamic deformation of epi mirror.It utilizes
In previous embodiment, scope and epi mirror separation and bindiny mechanism 12 is set to the design of dynamic deformation minimum can be effective
Ground weakens transmission of the dynamic deformation to scope.
Embodiment six：
As shown in fig. 6, by the way that minute surface is connected with rotatable balancing stand structure 23, and two pairs of 20 Hes of broach array are provided
22, you can build a two-dimensional electrostatic driving micro mirror.The wherein arrangement of second pair of broach array 22 and first pair of broach array 20
Direction is perpendicular.Due to the presence of isolated groove 24 and 25, which is controlled by 21,26 and 27 3 microelectrodes, so as to
Realization independently deflects in two mutually perpendicular directions do so.Broach array 20/22 can be that plane broach can also be vertical
Broach corresponds to Lee's Sa such as scan pattern and progressive scanning mode respectively.
Embodiment seven：
The characteristic size of the micro-mirror structure in embodiment one to six will be described in detail in the present embodiment.As previously mentioned, in this hair
In bright embodiment, scope and epi mirror employ the structure being separated from each other, and the characteristic size of micro mirror is defined by the size of epi mirror, because
The overall size of this micro mirror minute surface is usual products several times, can provide sufficiently large echo beam receiving area in this way.
In a series of specific micro-mirror structures, epi mirror characteristic size is selected from the size between 2 millimeters -20 millimeters, scope
Characteristic size be selected from 0.5 millimeter -4 millimeters.Epi mirror size is larger to be only used for receiving echo beam, and scope size is smaller, is used for
It deflects outgoing laser beams and receives a part of echo beam.
There is the bindiny mechanism of specific shape and size by way of described in previous embodiment, between scope and epi mirror,
By the way that bindiny mechanism is arranged on the smaller position of epi mirror dynamic deformation close to one end of epi mirror, it is inside to weaken epi mirror dynamic deformation
The transmission of mirror.So as to ensure that scope dynamic deformation is smaller, the hot spot distortion of shoot laser is suppressed.Epi mirror dynamic deformation is relatively
Greatly, but since the distance of micro mirror to photodetector is close, the hot spot distortion absolute value very little of echo beam, the damage of backward energy
Mistake can be ignored.
For the size of micro mirror, larger minute surface size can increase the rotary inertia of micro mirror, and then reduce intrinsic rotation
Frequency and maximum rotation angle can reduce rotary inertia by using relatively thin device layer at this time.Specifically show at one
In example, the characteristic thickness of micro mirror is thinned to 10-80 microns.
Embodiment eight：
It is referred to the comb structure of scanning mirror in the aforementioned embodiment, the present embodiment then highlights aforementioned with vertical comb
The micro mirror of toothing simultaneously illustrates its processing method.
Micro-mirror structure is arranged in SOI wafer, the SOI wafers be followed successively by from top to bottom first layer single-crystal silicon device layer,
First layer insulating layer of silicon oxide, second layer single-crystal silicon device layer, second layer insulating layer of silicon oxide and single crystal layer-of-substrate.According to such as
Lower step manufactures the comb structure of the micromirror edges：
Step 1, by a photoetching, the mask of dynamic broach and quiet broach is formed.
Step 2, it then by dry carving technology is sequentially etched and penetrates first layer single-crystal silicon device layer, first layer silicon oxide insulation
Layer, second layer single-crystal silicon device layer, and stop at second layer silicon oxide insulation layer surface.
Step 3, after the etching process of step 2, photoresist, the type and thickness of photoresist are formed in crystal column surface
The gap of dry etching formation can be covered in.Specifically, the gluing process, can a gluing formed, also can multiple gluing
Complete the covering in gap.
Step 4, it can also first deposit one layer of medium and seal dry etching gap, then carry out gluing.
Step 5, then photoetching is exposed sets out broach and mirror portion, falls broach and minute surface by mask etching of photoresist
First layer single-crystal silicon device layer and first layer insulating layer of silicon oxide in structure, and remove photoresist.
Step 6, then deposited metal film forms mirror surface and pad.
Step 7, back of the body chamber etching is finally carried out, discharges the movable structure of micro mirror.
By above step formed micro mirror, quiet broach have up and down two layers, therefore the application of driving voltage at least just like
Lower three kinds of situations：
The first situation, applies voltage between the quiet broach in upper strata and dynamic broach, realizes resonant mode, quasi-static or digital
Scanning；
The second situation between the quiet broach of lower floor and dynamic broach, realizes resonant mode scanning；
The third situation, the quiet broach of levels alternately apply driving voltage, apply electrostatic force to dynamic broach incessantly.
In above-mentioned type of drive, certain part or entirety of certain one or two layers of quiet broach can apply quiet bias,
Realize the adjusting of resonant frequency and the feedback of deflection angle.Vertical comb teeth micro mirror proposed by the present invention, simple for process, cost can
It controls, is feature-rich, and without sacrifice device performance, suitable for various application scenarios.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of time-division shared window laser radar system based on micro mirror, which is characterized in that including：Laser, fiber beam splitting
Device, the first single side speculum, micro mirror, time delay optical fiber, the second single side speculum, convergent lens and optical detector；
First through hole is offered on the first single side speculum；The second through-hole is offered on the second single side speculum；
The laser beam that the laser generates is divided into two-way through the fiber optic splitter, and laser beam passes through described first all the way
After through-hole is emitted to the micro mirror, detection target is emitted to through the micro mirror；Another way laser beam is emitted after time delay optical fiber
To the second single side speculum, the micro mirror is emitted to by second through-hole, detection target is emitted to through the micro mirror；Through institute
It states first through hole and the second through-hole is emitted to the laser beam of micro mirror with the first angle theta, θ ＞ 0；
The echo beam being reflected back from detection target reflexes to the first single side speculum through the micro mirror and the second single side is anti-
After penetrating mirror, the optical detector is converged to through the convergent lens.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aperture of the first through hole is not less than being incident to described the
The laser beam spot sizes of one single side speculum；The aperture of second through-hole, which is not less than, is incident to the second single side speculum
Laser beam spot sizes.
3. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the splitting ratio of the fiber optic splitter is 1: 1.
4. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first angle theta meets following relationship：0 ＜ θ≤45 °.
5. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the micro mirror micro mirror controllable for dynamic deformation.
6. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the micro mirror is one-dimensional micro mirror.
7. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the micro mirror is two-dimensional.
8. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first single side speculum and the second single side beam splitter
Minute surface is micro-nano structure.
9. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the micro mirror is electrostatic drive, electromagnetic drive, electrothermal drive
Or Piezoelectric Driving.
10. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the optical detector is PN/PIN photodetectors, snowslide
Photodiode, photomultiplier, CCD or cmos detector.
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