CN108220563A

CN108220563A - One kind realizes metal surface crystal grain refinement device and technique by high speed rotation silk

Info

Publication number: CN108220563A
Application number: CN201810048106.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 贺庆强; 朱寒; 耿春丽; 刘建国; 柴万里; 赵军友
Original assignee: China University of Petroleum East China
Current assignee: China University of Petroleum East China
Priority date: 2018-01-18
Filing date: 2018-01-18
Publication date: 2018-06-29

Abstract

A device and process for realizing metal surface grain refinement through high-speed rotating wires. The invention relates to metal surface grain refinement technology; the feature is that the device adopts five-axis linkage, so that the wire brush can realize five-degree-of-freedom movement (3 moving, 2 rotating), can reach any part of the metal workpiece, and use this process to deform the surface of the metal workpiece; the processing accuracy of the device is at the micron level, which can realize the automatic treatment of the surface of the metal workpiece, the process technology is simple, without any projectile Or particles can be used as an intermediate energy carrier to achieve surface deformation strengthening on the surface of the metal material and to achieve surface grain refinement; the grain refinement layer on the surface of the metal workpiece treated by the device is thicker, and the refinement effect is more obvious; the device can It handles metal workpieces with large size, complex shape and high precision requirements, and has good industrialization possibility.

Description

One kind realizes metal surface crystal grain refinement device and technique by high speed rotation silk

This research obtains Shandong Province's emphasis research and development planning item (2017GGX30129) and central colleges and universities basic scientific research business Take special fund (18CX02090A) subsidy.

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of technologies of metal surface crystal grain refinement, specially a kind of to realize metal by high speed rotation silk The device and technique of surface grain refinement, the device are carried out at deformation metal material surface by high-speed rotating wire brush Reason makes metal surface form crystal grain refinement layer and improves bearing stress layer.

Background technology

From the point of view of the mode of metal material failure, all since metal surface, metal surface is most common for many destructions Failure and failure mode mainly have fatigue, abrasion, corrosion, the surface property of metal material directly determines its comprehensive performance The length of quality and service life.A large amount of studies have shown that surface grain refinement can improve intensity and the modeling of metal material Property etc. performances, therefore deformation process induction surface layer grain refinement is carried out to metal material surface, the anti-of metal material can be improved Fatigability, wearability, corrosion resistance improve the surface texture performance of metal material, so as to improve the comprehensive performance of metal material And service life.

Metal material realizes surface grain refinement, and there are many approach, and one of which is surface machining processes method, to needing The metal material surface of crystal grain refinement is wanted to apply larger repeated load, brings it about drastic deformation, the grain structure on surface leads to It crosses the intense plastic strain of different directions generation and is gradually refined to nanoscale.Metal surface is made by local intense plastic strain The internal flaw of tissue is largely proliferated, and substructure or recrystallization is formed, so as to fulfill crystal grain refinement.

The mechanical means of common metal material surface crystal grain refinement has the skills such as high-energy shot, mechanical stitch, mechanical lapping Art, the metal material surface crystal grain refinement layer through-thickness obtained by above-mentioned mechanical means changes in gradient, with matrix group There is no apparent boundaries between knitting, and will not fall off and detach, so as to greatly improve the performance of metal material, surface microstructure Refinement is not only suitable for the entirety of material, and is used in the modification of material local surfaces.But there is also certain limitations for the above method Property, for example, complex process, low production efficiency, it is of high cost, the size shape of workpiece is had certain limitations.

High-energy shot technology is to spray High-velocity Projectiles to material surface by compressed air shotblasting machine, and material surface is made to generate strong plasticity Deformation forms the superficial layer with nanocrystalline structure.《The bead blasted surfaces nanosizing of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steels and its to anti-corrosion The influence of property》Sample is found after bead and after carrying out XRD, tem analysis in one text, specimen surface crystal grain refinement, it is real Showed making Nano surface, and induced martensitic traoformation, but with bead blasted surfaces depth increase above critical value when, size Crystal grain gradually increases, and the volume fraction of martensite is gradually reduced.Through corrosion resistance, research shows that, treated sample is in NaCl solution In stable corrosion and passivation film is more readily formed, resisting corrosion of chlorine ion performance significantly increases.《High-energy shot making Nano surface skill Art improves the feasibility study of joint fatigue intensity》With《The nanometer homogenization of SS400 steel welded joints textura epidermoidea and hardness are uniform Change is handled》In surface carried out to weld seam carry out high-energy shot processing, and carried out XRD, TEM, sem analysis and fatigue test, tied Fruit shows that sample forms size uniform and the nanocrystal of whereabouts random distribution, and weld seam table after high-energy shot is handled Layer hardness is consistent, and far above the hardness of before processing, and improves fatigue strength.The advantages of this technology, is the scope of application Extensively, complex-shaped workpieces can be strengthened；Shortcoming is can only generally to realize local strengthening.

Mechanical stitch technology is by driving special rolling tools (usually hardened steel, hard alloy and ruby Wait the tool of the shapes such as ball, ball or idler wheel made of high hardness materials) it is back and forth rolled in piece surface, so as to make metal watch Face crystal grain refinement.By finding that " friction and rolling prepares metal-surface nano to Chinese invention patent to the literature search of the prior art The method of layer ", publication number：101445862, publication date on June 3rd, 2009, the patent relates to a kind of thin by mechanical stitch Change the technology of metal surface crystal grain, workpiece after processing obtains the crystal grain refinement layer that crystallite dimension is less than 100nm.The technique The roughness of surface of workpiece can significantly be reduced, be suitable for handling axis class, sleeve type workpiece surfaces externally and internally, shortcoming It is the metal works that can not handle complicated shape.

The operation principle of surface mechanical attrition technology is that sample is fixed on to the upper vessel portion for a large amount of cannonballs of draining the oil, and is held Device lower part and vibration generating arrangement necklace, a large amount of bullets vibration at high speed in container during work, and surface occurs with sample at random It collides, under a large amount of bullet impacts, the intense plastic strain that material surface generates is that surface layer grain is gradually refined to nanometer Grade.The advantages of this method is that equipment is simple, and parameter is easy to control, and bullet is relatively large in diameter, and can form the larger Nanosurface of thickness and receive Riceization layer；Sample is needed to be placed in closed container when shortcoming is work, workpieces processing size receives limitation.

It can be seen that increasingly ripe in China surface machining processes method, a variety of different methods can be thin Change metal surface crystal grain, form nanometer layer.The above method has oneself unique advantage, but has some disadvantages.

Wire brush deformation technology is metal surface to be made to generate by force by using wire brush high speed rotation processing metal material surface Strong plastic deformation realizes crystal grain refinement, so as to obtain the technology of nanometer layer.《Surface nanocrystallization induced by severe plastic deformation using high-speed rotation wire-brushing》In one text Using the homemade high speed rotation silk plastic deformation device of common electric angle grinder, surface of low-carbon steel has been carried out at plastic deformation Reason, forms the crystal grain refinement layer of 40 μm of thickness, and surface layer grain minimum dimension is about 16nm, and surface layer microhardness significantly improves, Treated, and workpiece surface roughness Ra is about 10 μm.The technical matters is simple, low for equipment requirements, it is only necessary to wire wheel It realizes, production cost is low.But by being found to the literature search of existing paper and patent, the domestic research about this technology is very It is few.

Invention content

It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of by high speed rotation silk realization metal surface The device and technique of crystal grain refinement, the device precision are high, can to large scale, the metal works that complex-shaped, precision is high into Row surface grain refinement not only can locally carry out metal works severe plastic deformation, while may also be ensured that this deformation Surface grain refinement is realized with higher strain rate, improves production efficiency, and without any bullet or particle as intermediate Energy carrier can realize metal material surface high energy surface mechanical processing.Using the metal surface after the process more Add smooth, mechanical property is more excellent, therefore with good industrialized possibility.

A kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, the present invention is by the following technical programs It realizes:

A kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, including pedestal, column, crossbeam, X-axis fortune Dynamic component, Y-axis moving parts, Z axis moving parts, C axis moving parts, B axle moving parts, XY shaft coupling pieces, XZ shaft coupling pieces, Steel wire brush assemblies.Its central post is mounted on pedestal, and the two root posts of non-operative end are connected by crossbeam fixes；X-axis exercise group Part is mounted on X-axis crossbeam and is connect with column, and Y-axis moving parts are mounted on Y-axis crossbeam to be connected with X-axis by XY shaft coupling pieces It connects, Z axis moving parts are mounted on Z axis column and are connected by XZ shaft coupling pieces 1, XZ shaft coupling pieces 2, the installation of C axis moving parts It is connected on U-shaped head by retarder pedestal with Z axis, B axle is mounted on U-shaped head, and steel wire brush assemblies are mounted in B axle.

Workbench is installed, column shares 6, is bolted respectively with pedestal, is arranged in bottom on the pedestal Seat both sides, two root posts and the crossbeam of pedestal non-operative end are bolted to connection.

The Y-axis moving parts, including Y-axis crossbeam, Y-axis retarder and motor, Y-axis ball-screw, Y-axis shaft coupling, Y Bearing housing, Y-axis the linear guide.Y-axis crossbeam shares 2, and there is mounting base in lower end, is bolted company with 3 root posts respectively It connects；Y-axis crossbeam upper end is equipped with 2 bearing blocks, and Y-axis ball-screw is fixed by 2 bearing blocks, and one end passes through Y-axis shaft coupling It is connected with retarder and motor；Y-axis crossbeam one end is provided with notch, places retarder in notch and motor, retarder pass through stent On Y-axis crossbeam；Y-axis crossbeam upper end is equipped with 2 the linear guides, and 2 guide rail slide blocks are housed in each the linear guide.

The XY shaft coupling pieces, Y-axis crossbeam and X-axis crossbeam are linked together.There are 4 installations in XY shaft coupling pieces lower end Seat, is bolted to connection respectively with the guide rail slide block in Y-axis the linear guide, position and Y-axis among XY shaft coupling pieces lower end Lead screw pair connection on ball-screw；XY shaft coupling pieces upper end with X-axis with being bolted connection.

The X-axis moving parts, including X-axis crossbeam, X-axis retarder and motor, X-axis ball-screw, X-axis shaft coupling, X Bearing housing, X-axis the linear guide.X-axis crossbeam both ends are equipped with through-hole, and upper end is equipped with 2 bearing blocks, and X-axis ball-screw passes through 2 A bearing block is fixed, and one end is connected by X-axis shaft coupling with retarder and motor；X-axis crossbeam one end is provided with notch, is put in notch Retarder and motor are put, retarder is mounted on by stent on X-axis crossbeam；X-axis crossbeam upper end is equipped with 1 the linear guide, side End is equipped with 1 the linear guide, and 2 guide rail slide blocks are housed in each the linear guide.

The XZ shaft coupling pieces, X-axis crossbeam and Z axis column are connected, including XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 and XZ axis connections Part 2.1 transverse slat part of XZ shaft coupling pieces respectively with leading in the lead screw pair of X-axis ball-screw and the linear guide of X-axis crossbeam upper end Rail sliding block is connected, and the riser portion of XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 is connect with the guide rail slide block in the linear guide of X-axis crossbeam side, above-mentioned It is to be bolted；XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 are mounted on XZ shaft coupling pieces 1, and the lead screw pair of Z axis ball-screw is mounted on XZ axis connections On part 2, the guide rail slide block in Z axis the linear guide is mounted on XZ shaft coupling pieces 2, and Z axis hydraulic cylinders bearing is mounted on XZ axis connections On part 2.

The Z axis moving parts, including Z axis column, Z axis motor, Z axis motor support base, Z axis belt wheel, Z axis ball wire Thick stick, Z axis bearing block, Z axis the linear guide, Z axis hydraulic cylinder, Z axis hydraulic cylinders bearing.Z axis the upper end of the column is equipped with motor support base, Z axis Motor is mounted on Z axis motor support base, passes through Z axis bearing block equipped with 2 Z axis bearing blocks, Z axis ball-screw on the inside of Z axis column Support is fixed, and Z axis motor is that key connects with belt wheel by Z axis band wheel drive Z axis ball-screw, Z axis motor and Z axis ball-screw It connects；2 the linear guides on the inside of Z axis column are housed, there are 2 guide rail slide blocks in each the linear guide；Z axis column both sides are equipped with Z Axis hydraulic cylinder.

The C axis moving parts include C axle motor, C axis retarders pedestal, C axis speed reducer assembly, U-shaped head.C axis subtracts Fast device pedestal is bolted on Z axis column lower end, and C axis speed reducer assembly is mounted on C axis retarder pedestals, C axle motor It is installed together with C axis speed reducer assemblies, C axle motor and C axis speed reducer assembly are inside Z axis column；U-shaped head is mounted on C Axis speed reducer assembly lower end, U-shaped head can be in the rotation of 360 ° of XY faces under the driving of C axle motor.

The B axle moving parts include B axle motor, B axle bearing, B axle sleeve, B axle bearing (ball) cover, B axle hollow shaft.B Spindle motor is installed bearing end on the outside of U-shaped head and is covered, and is key connection with B axle hollow shaft, U-shaped head both sides are provided with macropore, Kong Shanggu Surely there is B axle sleeve, pass through B axle bearing fixation B axle hollow shaft in B axle sleeve；Steel wire brush motor is consolidated by the B axle hollow shaft at both ends Fixed connection, can do 270 ° of rotations under the driving of B axle motor in YZ faces.

The wire brush moving parts include steel wire brush motor, wire brush connecting shaft, wire brush.Steel wire brush motor is installed In U-shaped head, wire brush is connected with steel wire brush motor by wire brush connecting shaft, and wire brush is done under the drive of steel wire turbin generator High speed rotation.

As an optimization, the pedestal, column, crossbeam, X-axis crossbeam, Y-axis crossbeam, Z axis column, XY shaft coupling pieces, XZ axis Connector 1, XZ shaft coupling pieces 2, U-shaped head are cast member, it is possible to reduce device trembling and deform at work；It is and above-mentioned Cast member is provided with lightening hole, can in the case where not influencing device precision and performance alleviator dead weight；In above-mentioned portion The connecting portion of part and other component has positioning table.

As an optimization, the X-axis crossbeam, Y-axis crossbeam one end are provided with notch, using right angle type speed reducer, servo motor Inside X-axis crossbeam, Y-axis crossbeam, the safety of device is improved under the premise of X, Y-axis stroke is not influenced, reduces device Taken up space.

As an optimization, the rigidity for enhancing X-axis crossbeam, Reducing distortion amount improve device performance and precision, in X-axis crossbeam It is provided on the face of lightening hole and is cast with reinforcing rib, and reinforcing rib is also cast with inside X-axis crossbeam, through theoretical calculation, X-axis deflection In the range of error permission.

As an optimization, 2 X-axis the linear guides are separately mounted to the upper end and side of X-axis crossbeam.

As an optimization, Z axis column, be provided with threading hole, C axle motor, B axle motor and steel wire inside C axis speed reducer assemblies The electric wire of brush motor passes through from threading hole.

As an optimization, reinforcing rib is cast on the outside of U-shaped head, improves the rigidity of structure, U-shaped head both sides are provided with large diameter hole, are convenient for The installation of steel wire brush motor.

The usefulness of apparatus of the present invention, compared with prior art：

The device integral installation, using integral structure, since X-axis stroke is long and X-axis has deformation, is led on pedestal It crosses and turning is carried out to workbench can ensure the absolute parallel of X-axis and workbench, so as to ensure the precision of device.

The device uses five-axle linkage, and wire brush is made to realize five degree of freedom movement, can handle the outer of complicated metal works Surface；Workbench is sufficiently large, and wire brush high speed rotation, it can be ensured that this deformation realizes surface with higher strain rate Crystal grain refinement, therefore the device can also handle large-size workpiece；The device can also handle metal works weld seam etc. simultaneously.

The device, by being in direct contact processing, does not need to other energy loading gages such as bullet or particle when handling metal works The parameters such as body, contact are convenient for control；It can be selected according to metal works shape, size and processing requirement different size of Wire wheel can both have been realized and metal works are carried out with whole processing, can also carry out Local treatment to metal works.

The crystal grain refinement thickness of usual metal surface is generally in some tens of pm, and the amount of plastic deformation smaller of metal works, The working process precision of the device in the micron-scale, therefore can ensure the precision of metal works after processing.

The batch processing metal works that the device can automate, therefore realize industrialized production with larger potentiality.

A kind of technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk provided by the invention, characterization step is such as Under：

Metal works are fixed on the table, and wire brush is contacted with certain compression P with surface of workpiece, in steel wire Under the drive of brush motor, wire brush high speed rotation, while wire brush is with fixed rate v₁Metal surface movement is being parallel to, at this time Metal surface not only compression chord, is also acted on by shearing force, metal surface is made to generate severe plastic deformation, so as to fulfill metal Surface grain refinement.

Wherein, the wire brush is total to five degree of freedom, can realize that tri- axis of X, Y, Z moves, XY, YZ face rotation, according to workpiece The difference of shape, wire brush can reach any surface that metal works needs are processed.

The diameter D of the wire brush can be adjusted according to the form and dimension of processing metal works, the steel of wire brush The length l and diameter d of silk will ensure identical, it is ensured that the compression and shearing force that surface of workpiece is subject at work are allowing It floats in error range, wire wheel material has stainless steel, brass, copper facing etc., according to the material of the metal works of processing and surface Hardness is selected.

The wire wheel no-load speed v₂Not less than 10000r/min, movement speed of the wire wheel when handling metal works Control is between 1~5mm/s, and the processing time of surface of workpiece everywhere, wire wheel was to pending between 5~10min 50~100N of static pressure range of surface of workpiece.

The metal works can be carbon steel, be heated using normalizing, 1~1.5min be heated according to 1mm thickness, by metal work The control of part temperature in Ae3~Ar3 (Ae3~ferrite transformation equilibrium temperature, ferrite transformation start temperature during Ar3~cooling), Metal works tissue is made to be in phase change zone, then constant temperature is kept by surface flame attemperator, carries out workpiece surface processing.

Usefulness of the present invention is, compared with prior art：

Research significance of the present invention mainly realizes that metal surface is brilliant in existing high-energy shot, mechanical stitch, mechanical lapping etc. On the basis of grain refinement technology, provide that a kind of the operation is more convenient, application range wider array of metal surface crystal grain refinement processing New method further expands the processing method and application range of metal surface grain refinement technology.

Compression P that wire wheel can ensure that wire wheel applies surface of workpiece is controlled not by foregoing invention device Become, rate travel v₁It is constant, it may insure that metal material surface crystal grain refinement is uniform in this way, while in the complicated metal works of processing It is used during surface, the wire wheel controlled by mechanical arm can flexibly reach any position of workpiece, both can be to metal Any local location of workpiece is handled, and can also handle entire metal works, treatment effeciency is high, after the process Metal material surface structural behaviour is more excellent, has longer service life.

The surface of more material metal works can be handled by the wire wheel for choosing unlike material, different size, it is only necessary to Set of device processing unlike material, metal works of different shapes can be realized by replacing different wire wheels, and operation is flexible, letter Just.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the three dimensional structure diagram of apparatus of the present invention；

The front view of 1 shown device of Fig. 2 bitmaps；

Fig. 3 is the partial schematic diagram of Z axis moving parts in Fig. 1 shown devices；

Fig. 4 is the partial schematic diagram of C axis, B axle and wire brush moving parts in Fig. 1 shown devices；

In figure：1st, pedestal 2, column 3, Y-axis ball-screw 4, XY shaft coupling pieces 5, crossbeam 6, Y-axis crossbeam 7th, X-axis retarder and motor 8, Y-axis the linear guide 9, Y-axis shaft coupling 10, Y-axis retarder and motor 11, Y-axis bearing Seat 12, X-axis crossbeam 13, X-axis shaft coupling 14, X-axis ball-screw 15, X-axis the linear guide 16, XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 17th, XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 18, Z axis hydraulic cylinder 19, Z axis column 20, Z axis motor 21, Z axis motor support base 22, X-axis Bearing block 23, Z axis hydraulic cylinders bearing 24, Z axis belt wheel 25, Z axis ball-screw 26, Z axis bearing block 27, Z axis straight line Guide rail 28, C axle motor 29, C axis retarders pedestal 30, C axis speed reducer assembly 31, U-shaped head 32, B axle sleeve 33rd, B axle bearing (ball) cover 34, B axle hollow shaft 35, wire brush connecting shaft 36, wire brush 37, B axle motor 38, B axle Bearing 39, steel wire brush motor；

Fig. 5 is the metallographic group for the surface of workpiece that Q235 steel is handled after normalizing is heat-treated by high speed rotation silk again Knit the metallographic structure figure (b) inside figure (a) and metal works.

Specific embodiment

A kind of embodiment for the device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk

As shown in figures 1-4, a kind of device that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk, including：Pedestal (1), column (2), Y-axis ball-screw (3), XY shaft coupling pieces (4), crossbeam (5), Y-axis crossbeam (6), X-axis retarder and motor (7), Y-axis the linear guide (8), Y-axis shaft coupling (9), Y-axis retarder and motor (10), Y-axis bearing block (11), X-axis crossbeam (12), X-axis shaft coupling (13), X-axis ball-screw (14), X-axis the linear guide (15), XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 (16), XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 (17), Z axis hydraulic cylinder (18), Z axis column (19), Z axis motor (20), Z axis motor support base (21), X-axis bearing block (22), Z axis Hydraulic cylinders bearing (23), Z axis belt wheel (24), Z axis ball-screw (25), Z axis bearing block (26), Z axis the linear guide (27), C axis Motor (28), C axis retarder pedestals (29), C axis speed reducer assembly (30), U-shaped head (31), B axle sleeve (32), B axle bearing end Cover (33), B axle hollow shaft (34), wire brush connecting shaft (35), wire brush (36), B axle motor (37), B axle bearing (38), steel wire Brush motor (39).

Y-axis retarder and the driving device that motor (10) is apparatus of the present invention Y-axis stroke, Y-axis ball-screw (3) are Y-axis Transmission device, pass through Y-axis shaft coupling (8) and transmit the rotating torque that Y-axis retarder and motor (10) export, Y-axis ball-screw (3) it rotates, the lead screw pair in Y-axis ball-screw (3) drives XY shaft coupling pieces (4) and its component carried to do straight line Movement, Y-axis the linear guide (8) play the role of support with being oriented to.

X-axis retarder and the driving device that motor (7) is X-axis stroke, X-axis ball-screw (14) are the transmission of X-axis stroke Device transmits the rotating torque that X-axis retarder and motor (7) export by X-axis shaft coupling (13), and X-axis ball-screw (14) is done Rotary motion, the lead screw pair in X-axis ball-screw (14) drive XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 (17) and its component carried to do straight line fortune Dynamic, X-axis the linear guide (15) plays the role of support with being oriented to.

Driving device of the Z axis motor (20) for Z axis stroke, transmission device of the Z axis ball-screw (25) for Z axis stroke, two Person connects transmission rotating torque by Z axis belt wheel (24), and Z axis ball-screw (25) rotates, due to Z axis ball-screw (25) lead screw pair is mounted on XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 (16), and XZ shaft coupling pieces 2 (16) are fixed on one with XZ shaft coupling pieces 1 (17) It rises, therefore the lead screw pair of Z axis ball-screw (25) follows ZX shaft coupling pieces 1 (17) to do X-axis stroke motion, the nothing on Z axis stroke Movement, so Z axis ball-screw (25) drives Z axis column (19) to move in a straight line, so as to fulfill the movement of X-axis stroke, Z axis rolling Ballscrew (27) and Z axis hydraulic cylinder (18) play the role of support and guiding.

C axle motor (28) is the driving device of C axis strokes, and deceleration torque, C axis are carried out by C axis speed reducer assembly (30) U-shaped head (31) is installed in retarder (30) lower end, makes U-shaped head (31) that can do 360 ° of rotations in XY faces.

B axle motor (37) is the driving device of B axle stroke, and B axle motor (37) drives wire brush by B axle hollow shaft (34) Motor (39) rotates, and steel wire brush motor (39) can do 270 ° of rotations in YZ faces, and steel wire brush motor (39) is connected by wire brush Axis (35) makes wire brush (36) do high speed rotation.

The driving device for controlling each stroke motion is servo motor, is automated by programming realization device, joined in five axis Under dynamic, wire brush can reach the arbitrary outer surface of workpiece.

A kind of embodiment for the technique that metal surface crystal grain refinement is realized by high speed rotation silk.

Below in conjunction with example, attached drawing to the detailed description of the invention.

Metal sample is Q235 common carbon structural steels, and metal works are heated to 1150 DEG C and are kept the temperature, are being cooled to 840 DEG C Afterwards, metal structure is made to be in phase change zone, metal works are fixed on work top and starts flame attemperator, wire wheel material Matter is stainless steel, and diameter D is 100mm, thickness 10mm, then wire brush is controlled to be contacted with metal works, wire brush and metal The contact of workpiece is 60N；Start motor, wire brush no-load speed is 12000r/min, wire wheel is not moved herein, to gold 5min is persistently handled at the one of metal work-pieces surface.Metallographic examination is made after the processes processing such as polished to treated metal works Sample, metallograph are as shown in Figure 5.It can be seen that the ferritic structure pattern in the depth of 150 μm~200 μm of metal works sample surface layer Apparent variation, grain shape rule and size uniform has occurred.The depth of crystal grain refinement layer increases, and thinning effect is more bright Aobvious, crystallite dimension shows more perfect gradient transition, and crystallite dimension has reached nanometer in the range of 40 μm or so of surface layer Rank, experimental result surface the method for the present invention can realize metal material surface crystal grain refinement.

For the ordinary skill in the art, introduction according to the present invention, do not depart from the principle of the present invention with In the case of spirit, the changes, modifications, replacement and the deformation that are carried out to embodiment still fall within protection scope of the present invention it It is interior.

Claims

1. A device for refining metal surface grains through high-speed rotating wires, including a base (1), a column (2), a beam (5), an X-axis motion component, a Y-axis motion component, a Z-axis motion component, and a C Axis motion assembly, B-axis motion assembly, XY-axis connectors (4), XZ-axis connectors, wire brush assembly, wherein the column (2) is installed on the base (1), and the two columns at the non-working end pass through the beam (5) The connection is fixed; the X-axis motion component is installed on the X-axis beam (12) and connected with the column (2), and the Y-axis motion component is installed on the Y-axis beam (6) and connected with the X-axis through the XY-axis connector (4). The axis movement assembly is installed on the Z-axis column (19) through the XZ axis connector 1 (17) and the XZ axis connector 2 (16), and the C-axis movement assembly is installed on the U-shaped head (31) through the C-axis reducer The base (29) is connected to the Z-axis column (19), the B-axis motion assembly is installed on the U-shaped head (31), and the wire brush assembly is installed on the B-axis motion assembly.

2. according to a kind of device that realizes metal surface grain refinement by high-speed rotating wire according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: Y-axis motion assembly includes Y-axis crossbeam (6), Y-axis reducer and motor (10 ), Y-axis ball screw (3), Y-axis coupling (9), Y-axis bearing seat (11), Y-axis linear guide (8), and Y-axis beam (6). , are fixedly connected with three columns (2) by bolts; two bearing housings (11) are installed on the upper end of the Y-axis beam (6), and the Y-axis ball screw (3) is fixed by two bearing housings (11). The Y-axis coupling (9) is connected to the reducer and the motor (10); there is a gap at one end of the Y-axis beam (6), and the reducer and the motor (10) are placed in the gap, and the reducer is installed on the Y-axis beam through a bracket (6); 2 linear guide rails (8) are installed on the upper end of the Y-axis beam (6), and 2 guide rail sliders are housed on each linear guide rail (8).

3. A device for realizing grain refinement on metal surfaces by high-speed rotating wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: the X-axis motion assembly includes an X-axis crossbeam (12), an X-axis reducer and a motor (10 ), X-axis ball screw (14), X-axis coupling (13), X-axis bearing seat (11), X-axis linear guide (15), and X-axis beam (12) have through holes at both ends, and the upper end Two bearing housings (11) are installed, the X-axis ball screw (14) is fixed through the two bearing housings (11), and one end is connected with the reducer and the motor (10) through the X-axis coupling (13); the X-axis There is a gap at one end of the beam (12), and the reducer and the motor (10) are placed in the gap, and the reducer is installed on the X-axis beam (12) through a bracket; a linear guide rail (15) is installed on the upper end of the X-axis beam (12) , a linear guide rail (15) is equipped with at the side end, and 2 guide rail slide blocks are housed on each linear guide rail.

4. A device for refining metal surface grains by high-speed rotating wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Z-axis motion assembly includes a Z-axis column (19), a Z-axis motor (20), a Z-axis Axis motor support (21), Z-axis pulley (24), Z-axis ball screw (25), Z-axis bearing seat (22), Z-axis linear guide (27), Z-axis hydraulic cylinder (18), Z-axis Axis hydraulic cylinder support (23), Z axis column (19) upper end is equipped with Z axis motor support (21), Z axis motor (20) is installed on the Z axis motor support (21), Z axis column (19 ) inside are equipped with two Z-axis bearing housings (22), the Z-axis ball screw (25) is supported and fixed through the Z-axis bearing housings (22), and the Z-axis motor (20) drives the Z-axis through the Z-axis pulley (24) The ball screw (25), the Z-axis motor (20) and the Z-axis ball screw (25) are keyed to the pulley; 2 linear guides (27) are arranged on the inside of the Z-axis column (19), and each linear There are 2 guide rail sliders on the guide rail (27); Z axis hydraulic cylinders (18) are installed on both sides of the Z axis column (19).

5. A device for refining metal surface grains by high-speed rotating wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: the C-axis motion assembly includes a C-axis motor (28), a C-axis reducer base (29), The C-axis reducer assembly (30), the U-shaped head (31), and the C-axis reducer base (29) are fixed to the lower end of the Z-axis column (19) by bolts, and the C-axis reducer assembly (30) is installed on the C-axis On the reducer base (29), the C-axis motor (28) and the C-axis reducer assembly (30) are installed together, and the C-axis motor (28) and the C-axis reducer assembly (30) are all mounted on the Z-axis column ( 19) Inside; the U-shaped head (31) is installed at the lower end of the C-axis reducer assembly (30), and the U-shaped head (31) can rotate 360° on the XY plane under the drive of the C-axis motor (28).

6. A device for refining metal surface grains by high-speed rotating wire according to claim 1, characterized in that: the B-axis motion assembly includes a B-axis motor (37), a B-axis bearing (28), a B-axis Sleeve (32), B-axis bearing end cover (33), B-axis hollow shaft (34), B-axis motor (37) are installed on the bearing end cover (33) on the U-shaped head (31) outside, and B-axis hollow The shaft (34) is keyed, and the U-shaped head (31) has a large hole on both sides, and the B-axis sleeve (32) is fixed on the hole, and the B-axis sleeve (32) is fixed by the B-axis bearing (28). shaft hollow shaft (34); the wire brush motor (39) is fixedly connected through the B-axis hollow shafts (34) at both ends, and can rotate 270° on the YZ plane under the drive of the B-axis motor (37); according to claim 1 A kind of device that realizes metal surface grain refinement by high-speed rotating wire, is characterized in that: wire brush motion assembly comprises wire brush motor (39), wire brush connecting shaft (35), wire brush (36), wire brush The motor is installed in the U-shaped head (31), and the wire brush (36) is connected to the wire brush motor (39) by the wire brush connecting shaft (35), and the wire brush (36) is driven by the wire brush motor (35) to do high-speed rotate.

7. A process for refining metal surface grains through high-speed rotating wires, including the following steps: the metal workpiece is fixed on the workbench, and the steel wire brush has five degrees of freedom, which can realize three-axis movement of X, Y, and Z, XY, The YZ surface rotates. According to the shape of the workpiece, the wire brush can reach any surface of the metal workpiece that needs to be processed. The wire brush contacts the surface of the metal workpiece with a certain compressive stress P. Driven by the wire brush motor, the wire brush rotates at a high speed, and at the same time The wire brush moves parallel to the metal surface at a fixed rate _v1 . At this time, the metal surface is not only subjected to compressive stress, but also shear force, which causes severe plastic deformation on the metal surface, thereby achieving grain refinement on the metal surface.

8. According to claim 7, a process for refining metal surface grains by high-speed rotating wire is characterized in that: the diameter D of the wire brush can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the metal workpiece to be processed, and the steel wire of the wire brush The length l and diameter d must be the same to ensure that the compressive stress and shear stress on the surface of the metal workpiece float within the allowable error range during work. The wire wheel is made of stainless steel, brass, copper plating, etc. Material and surface hardness are selected.

9. A process for refining metal surface grains by high-speed rotating wire according to claim 7, characterized in that: the no-load speed _v of the wire wheel is not less than 10000r/min, and the wire wheel is processing metal The moving speed of the workpiece is controlled between 1 and 5mm/s, the processing time for each part of the metal workpiece surface is between 5 and 10 minutes, and the static pressure range of the steel wire wheel to be treated on the surface of the metal workpiece is 50 to 100N.

10. A process for refining metal surface grains by high-speed rotating wire according to claim 7, characterized in that: the metal workpiece can be carbon steel, heated by normalizing, and heated for 1 to 1.5 mm according to a thickness of 1 mm. min, the temperature of the metal workpiece is controlled at Ae3~Ar3 (Ae3~ferrite phase transformation equilibrium temperature, Ar3~ferrite phase transformation start temperature during cooling), so that the metal workpiece grains are in the phase transformation zone, and then the surface is sprayed with fire The heat preservation device keeps the temperature constant for surface treatment of the workpiece.