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CN108189662A - 控制机电动力传输链的装置和方法 - Google Patents

控制机电动力传输链的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108189662A
CN108189662A CN201711283701.0A CN201711283701A CN108189662A CN 108189662 A CN108189662 A CN 108189662A CN 201711283701 A CN201711283701 A CN 201711283701A CN 108189662 A CN108189662 A CN 108189662A
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China
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motor
control signal
torque
electric energy
controlling value
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CN108189662B (zh
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维莱·瑙曼伦
安蒂·塔科埃勒恩
里斯托·提艾伦
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Danfoss Edtern
Danfoss AS
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Visedo Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F02B63/042—Rotating electric generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
    • B60W30/1882—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种控制机电动力传输链的装置和方法。该机电动力传输链包括与内燃机(111)和待驱动的一个或多个致动器(114)机械连接的电机(110)、用于存储电能的蓄能器(118)、用于在电机与蓄能器之间传递电能时以扭矩受控模式驱动电机的变换器设备(115)以及用于产生用于电机的扭矩参考的装置(101)。该装置基于由蓄能器存储的电能来产生控制值，使得控制值是所存储的电能的下降函数，并且基于控制值与指示由内燃机所产生的扭矩的控制信号之间的差来产生扭矩参考。

Description

控制机电动力传输链的装置和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于控制机电动力传输链的装置。此外，本公开涉及用于控制机电动力传输链的方法和计算机程序。
背景技术
在许多情况下，机电动力传输链是电机与内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器机械连接的并行动力传输链。致动器可以是，例如，轮子、链轨、液压泵、或者利用机械功率驱动的另一装置。机电动力传输链包括用于存储电能的蓄能器和用于在蓄能器与电机之间传递电能的变换器设备。电机有时操作为对蓄能器充电的发电机，有时操作为在需要高机械输出功率时从蓄能器接收电能并且协助内燃机的电动机。
与上述这种并行动力传输链有关的固有挑战是，需要控制内燃机和电机，使得由待驱动的一个或多个致动器组成的机械负载以适当的方式在内燃机与电机之间被动态共享。已经研究并公布了用于机械负载共享的不同方法。例如，Fu,Z.、Gao,A.、Wang,X.和Song,X.发表在Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society第2014卷上的文章编号为793864的出版物Torque Split Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicleswith an Integrated Starter Generator描述了利用模糊逻辑控制器实施的机械负载共享。该模糊逻辑控制器将内燃机的扭矩、蓄能器的充电状态和内燃机的转速用作输入量，并且根据预定的模糊逻辑规则来确定内燃机与电机之间的扭矩共享。然而，基于模糊逻辑的方法相当复杂。此外，找到合适的模糊逻辑规则集合可能需要大量的努力和试验。
发明内容
下面呈现了简要概述，以便提供对各种发明实施例的一些方面的基本理解。该概述不是本发明的广泛综述。既不旨在确定本发明的关键或决定性要素，也不旨在描绘本发明的范围。以下概述仅以简化形式呈现本发明的一些概念，作为本发明的示例性实施例的更详细描述的序言。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于控制机电动力传输链的新装置，该机电动力传输链是电机与内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器机械连接的并行动力传输链。
根据本发明的装置包括：
-第一输入接口，该第一输入接口用于接收指示由内燃机产生的扭矩的第一控制信号；
-第二输入接口，该第二输入接口用于接收指示由机电动力传输链的蓄能器存储的电能的第二控制信号；以及
-调节器元件，该调节器元件用于基于第二控制信号来产生控制值使得该控制值是所存储的电能的下降函数(decreasing function)，并且用于基于第一控制信号与控制值之间的差来产生电机的扭矩参考。
在内燃机与电机之间的工作负载共享中，考虑蓄能器的充电状态，因为上述的控制值是所存储的电能的下降函数。可以设计下降函数和扭矩参考的产生，使得如果a)在蓄能器中存在足量的可用电能，并且如果b)内燃机的功率另外处于在现行转速处提供最佳效率的功率电平之上，则电机充当电动机并且减少内燃机的负载，另一方面，如果c)蓄能器能够接收电能并且如果d)内燃机的功率另外处于在现行转速处提供最佳效率的功率电平之下，则电机充当发电机并且增加内燃机的负载。因此，可以控制电机，使得在每个转速处，内燃机的操作点是在与现行转速有关的最佳操作点处或者至少更接近该最佳操作点。将会结合本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例呈现在不同示例性情况下的操作的描述。
根据本发明，还提供了一种新机电动力传输链，该机电动力传输链包括：
-电机，该电机利用机电动力传输链可被机械连接到内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器；
-蓄能器，该蓄能器用于存储电能；
-变换器设备，该变换器设备用于在电机与蓄能器之间传递电能，该变换器设备被配置为以扭矩受控模式来驱动电机；以及
-根据本发明的装置，该装置用于产生电机的扭矩参考。
根据本发明，还提供了一种用于控制机电动力传输链的新方法，该机电动力传输链是电机与内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器机械连接的并行动力传输链。
根据本发明的方法包括：
-基于由机电动力传输链的蓄能器存储的电能来产生控制值，使得该控制值是存储的电能的下降函数；以及
-基于控制信号与控制值之间的差来产生电机的扭矩参考，该控制信号指示由内燃机产生的扭矩。
根据本发明，还提供了一种用于控制机电动力传输链的新计算机程序，该机电动力传输链是电机与内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器机械连接的并行动力传输链。
根据本发明的计算机程序包括计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令用于控制可编程处理器：
-基于由机电动力传输链的蓄能器存储的电能来产生控制值，使得该控制值是存储的电能的下降函数；以及
-基于控制信号与控制值之间的差来产生电机的扭矩参考，该控制信号指示由内燃机产生的扭矩。
根据本发明的计算机程序产品包括利用根据本发明的计算机程序编码的非易失性计算机可读介质，例如，光盘“CD”。
在所附的从属权利要求中描述了本发明的多个示例性且非限制性的实施例。
当结合附图阅读时，从以下对具体示例性且非限制性的实施例的描述，将最好地理解关于结构和操作方法这两者的本发明的各种示例性且非限制性的实施例及其附加目的和优点。
在本文中使用“包括(to comprise)”和“包括(to include)”作为开放式限制，既不排除也不要求存在未叙述的特征。除非另有明确说明，否则在从属权利要求中列举的特征可以相互自由组合。此外，应当理解的是，贯穿本文使用“一”或者“一个”(即，单数形式)并不排除多个。
附图说明
下面参照附图以示例的方式更详细地解释本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例及其优点，在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的机电动力传输链的示意图；以及
图2示出了根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的用于控制机电动力传输链的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面给出的描述中提供的具体示例不应被解释为限制随附权利要求书的范围和/或适用性。除非另外明确指出，否则下面给出的描述中提供的列表和示例组并非是详尽的。
图1示出了根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的包括装置101的机电动力传输链的示意图。机电动力传输链包括与内燃机111和致动器114机械连接的电机110。电机110有时操作为产生电能的发电机，有时操作为在需要高机械输出功率时消耗电能并且协助内燃机111的电动机。在这种示例性的情况下，致动器111包括：例如，车辆或者移动式工作的机器的轮子。致动器还可以包括：例如，一个或多个链轨、一个或多个液压泵、和/或一个或多个利用机械功率驱动的其他装置。
机电动力传输链包括用于存储电能的蓄能器118。蓄能器118可以包括：例如，一个或多个电双层电容器“EDLC”。在许多情况下，电双层电容器被称为“超级电容器”。机电动力传输链包括用于在电机110与蓄能器118之间传递电能的变换器设备115。变换器设备115被配置为以扭矩受控模式驱动电机110。电机110可以是，例如，电励磁同步电机、永磁同步电机、异步电机、或者磁阻电机。电机110可以是异步电机或者磁阻电机，在这种情况下，变换器设备115能够将无功功率提供给电机110，或者存在将无功功率提供给电机110的其他装置。根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的机电动力传输链还可以包括直流“DC”电机。机电动力传输链可以进一步包括电池元件121和直流电压变换器122，该直流电压变换器122用于为电池元件121充电和放电。
在图1中图示的示例性机电动力传输链中，变换器设备115包括电容电路117和变换器级116，该变换器级116用于在电机110充当发电机时将电能从电机110传递到电容电路117并且用于在电机110充当电动机时将电能从电容电路117传递到电机110。变换器级116可以是，例如，脉冲宽度调制“PWM”变换器级。变换器设备115包括直流电压变换器119，该直流电压变换器119用于在电容电路117与蓄能器118之间传递电能，以便使电容电路117的直流电压UDC1保持在预定电压范围中。变换器设备115可以包括，例如，比例积分“PI”控制器120，该比例积分“PI”控制器120接收直流电压UDC1的测量值并且通过控制直流电压变换器119的操作来设法使直流电压UDC1保持在其参考值UDC1 REF处。变换器级116能够被配置为提供过压保护，使得变换器级116被配置为响应于直流电压UDC1超过预定过压限制的情况减少由电机110产生的电力。此外，变换器级116可以被配置为提供欠压保护，使得变换器级116被配置为响应于直流电压UDC1低于预定欠压限制的情况减少提供给电机110的电力。
直流电压变换器119是能够将电能传递到蓄能器118并且传递来自蓄能器118的电能的双向变换器。在电容电路117的直流电压UDC1高于蓄能器118的直流电压UDC2的情况下，可以利用，例如，一个或多个逆变桥的逆变器分支和一个或多个电感线圈来实施直流电压变换器119，使得每个逆变器分支的直流电压极与电容电路117连接，每个逆变器分支的交流电压极经由电感线圈与蓄能器118的正极连接，并且蓄能器118的负极与每个逆变器分支的负直流电压极连接。然而，要注意的是，可以以许多不同的方式实施直流电压变换器119。
在图1中图示的示例性机电动力传输链中，由外部给定的功率控制信号来控制内燃机111。在这种示例性的情况下，发动机控制器112基于功率控制信号和内燃机111的测量转速ω来控制内燃机111。利用转速传感器113来测量转速ω。发动机控制器112可以根据功率控制信号和转速ω来确定内燃机111的燃料和空气供给。发动机控制器112产生指示由内燃机111产生的扭矩的第一控制信号Torque_CE。例如，可以在查找表的帮助下产生控制信号Torque_CE，在将现行燃料和空气供给以及转速ω用作查找关键字时，该查找表返回控制信号Torque_CE。通常由内燃机的制造商提供查找表或者用于构造查找表的数据。控制信号Torque_CE可以是，例如，将内燃机111的扭矩表示为在现行转速处可实现的最大扭矩的百分比的相对值。
装置101包括第一输入接口102，该第一输入接口102用于接收指示由内燃机111产生的扭矩的上述控制信号Torque_CE。装置101包括第二输入接口103，该第二输入接口103用于接收指示由蓄能器118存储的电能的第二控制信号E。控制信号E可以是，例如，蓄能器118的直流电压UDC2的测量值。作为另一个示例，控制信号E可以是与由蓄能器118存储的电能成正比的UDC2 2。装置101进一步包括调节器元件104，该调节器元件104用于基于控制信号E来产生控制值T，使得控制值T是由蓄能器118存储的电能的下降函数。在本文中，对下降函数的定义是，与存储的电能的最小允许量相对应的控制值TEmin比与存储的电能的最大允许量相对应的控制值TEmax大，即TEmin>TEmax，并且当存储的电能增加时，控制值T减小或者保持不变。因此，控制值T不一定需要是存储的电能的严格下降函数。调节器元件104基于上述控制信号Torque_CE与上述控制值T之间的差Diff来产生电机110的扭矩参考Ref_Torq。在这种示例性的情况下，调节器元件104包括用于产生控制值T的功能块107和用于基于差Diff产生扭矩参考Ref_Torq的调节器106。功能块107可以是，例如，在将控制信号E用作查找关键字时返回控制值T的查找表。调节器106可以是，例如，比例“P”调节器、比例积分“PI”调节器、或者比例积分导数“PID”调节器。
出于说明的目的，在示例性的情况下，考虑上述机电动力传输链的操作。出于简化的目的，假设调节器106是比例“P”调节器。首先，我们假设，控制内燃机111产生高扭矩，例如，最大扭矩的80％，并且由蓄能器118存储的电能处于高水平。因此，控制信号Torque_CE高，而控制值T低。因此，电机110的扭矩参考Ref_Torq具有高的正值，并且作为推论，电机110充当协助内燃机111的电动机。接下来，我们假设，内燃机111的功率控制信号减小并且由蓄能器118存储的电能没有时间进行实质上的变化。作为推论，控制信号Torque_CE变得更小。因此，扭矩参考Ref_Torq也变得更小，并且电机110的操作响应于内燃机111的功率控制信号的减小。在差Diff保持为正的情况下，电机110的操作响应于功率控制信号的减小，使得由作为电动机的电机110产生的扭矩减小，然而在差Diff变为负的情况下，电机110的操作响应于功率控制信号的减小，使得电机110开始充当发电机。接下来，我们假设，内燃机111的功率控制信号增大并且由蓄能器118存储的电能没有时间进行实质上的变化。作为推论，控制信号Torque_CE变得更大。因此，扭矩参考Ref_Torq也变得更大，并且电机110的操作响应于内燃机111的功率控制信号的增大。例如，在功率控制信号增大之前差Diff为负并且差Diff保持为负的情况下，电机110的操作响应于功率控制信号的增大，使得由作为发电机的电机110产生的扭矩减小。作为另一个示例，在功率控制信号增大之前差Diff为正的情况下，电机110的操作响应于功率控制信号的增大，使得由作为电动机的电机110产生的扭矩增大。作为进一步示例，在功率控制信号增大之前差Diff为负并且差Diff变为正的情况下，电机110的操作响应于功率控制信号的增大，使得电机110从发电机操作变为电动机操作。
接下来，我们假设，内燃机111的功率控制信号保持不变并且差Diff最初为正，即，控制值T最初小于控制信号Torque_CE。因此，电机110充当协助内燃机111的电动机，从而电机110消耗由蓄能器118存储的电能。由于控制值T是存储的电能的下降函数，所以当消耗存储的电能时，控制值T增大，从而扭矩参考Ref_Torq减小。作为推论，当消耗存储的电能时，由作为电动机的电机110产生的扭矩减小。当存储的电能减少了很多使得控制值T达到了控制信号Torque_CE的值时，扭矩参考Ref_Torq变为零并且电机110停止消耗存储的电能。由内燃机111产生的扭矩越高，即，控制信号Torque_CE越高，电机110结束消耗存储的电能时的存储的电能量越低。当内燃机111的功率控制信号减小，从而差Diff和扭矩参考Ref_Torq变为负时，电机110开始充当对蓄能器118充电的发电机。
根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的装置进一步包括第三输入接口105，该第三输入接口105用于接收第三控制信号F。调节器元件104被配置为根据第三控制信号F来确定上述下降函数的形式，并且响应于第三控制信号的变化来改变下降函数的形式。在图1中示出的示例性的情况下，当控制信号F具有第一值时，下降函数是根据支线(fractionline)108，并且当控制信号F具有第二值时，下降函数是根据支线109。可以通过改变控制信号F的值来调整响应于内燃机111的功率控制信号的电机110的改变的行为。
可以利用一个或多个处理器电路来实施装置101，该一个或多个处理器电路中的每个可以是提供有合适的软件的可编程处理器电路、专用硬件处理器电路(诸如，例如，专用集成电路“ASIC”)、或者可配置硬件电路(诸如，例如，现场可编程门阵列“FPGA”)。此外，装置101可以包括一个或多个存储器电路，该一个或多个存储器电路中的每个可以是，例如，随机存取存储器电路“RAM”。
图2示出了根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的用于控制机电动力传输链的方法的流程图，该机电动力传输链是电机与内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器机械连接的并行动力传输链。
该方法包括以下动作：
-动作201：基于由机电动力传输链的蓄能器存储的电能来产生控制值，使得该控制值是存储的电能的下降函数；以及
-动作202：基于控制信号与控制值之间的差来产生电机的扭矩参考，该控制信号指示由内燃机产生的扭矩。
根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的方法进一步包括根据另一控制信号来确定下降函数的形式并且响应于另一控制信号的变化来改变下降函数的形式。
根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的用于控制机电动力传输链的计算机程序包括计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令用于控制可编程处理器以执行根据上述示例性且非限制性的实施例中的任一个的方法。
根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的计算机程序包括用于控制机电动力传输链的软件模块，该机电动力传输链是电机与内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器机械连接的并行动力传输链。
该软件模块包括计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令用于控制可编程处理器：
-基于由机电动力传输链的蓄能器存储的电能来产生控制值，使得该控制值是存储的电能的下降函数；以及
-基于控制信号与控制值之间的差来产生电机的扭矩参考，该控制信号指示由内燃机产生的扭矩。
软件模块可以是，例如，利用合适的编程语言生成的子例程(subroutines)和/或函数。
根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的计算机程序产品包括利用上述软件模块编码的非易失性计算机可读介质，例如，光盘“CD”。
根据本发明的示例性且非限制性的实施例的信号被编码为携带限定根据本发明的实施例的计算机程序的信息。
上面给出的描述中提供的具体示例不应被解释为限制随附权利要求书的适用性和/或解释。除非另外明确指出，否则上面给出的描述中提供的列表和示例组不是详尽的。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于控制机电动力传输链的装置(101)，所述机电动力传输链是电机与内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器机械连接的并行动力传输链，所述装置包括：
-第一输入接口(102)，所述第一输入接口(102)用于接收指示由所述内燃机产生的扭矩的第一控制信号；以及
-第二输入接口(103)，所述第二输入接口(103)用于接收指示由所述机电动力传输链的蓄能器存储的电能的第二控制信号；
其特性在于，所述装置进一步包括调节器元件(104)，所述调节器元件(104)用于基于所述第二控制信号来产生控制值使得所述控制值是所存储的电能的下降函数，并且用于基于所述第一控制信号与所述控制值之间的差来产生所述电机的扭矩参考。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述装置包括第三输入接口(105)，所述第三输入接口(105)用于接收第三控制信号，并且所述调节器元件被配置为根据所述第三控制信号来确定所述下降函数的形式以及响应于所述第三控制信号的变化来改变所述下降函数的形式。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其中，所述调节器元件包括比例调节器(106)，所述比例调节器(106)被配置为基于所述第一控制信号与所述控制值之间的差来产生所述扭矩参考。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其中，所述调节器元件包括比例积分调节器(106)，所述比例积分调节器(106)被配置为基于所述第一控制信号与所述控制值之间的差和所述第一控制信号与所述控制值之间的差的时间积分来产生所述扭矩参考。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其中，所述调节器元件包括比例积分导数调节器(106)，所述比例积分导数调节器(106)被配置为基于所述第一控制信号与所述控制值之间的差、所述第一控制信号与所述控制值之间的差的时间积分、以及所述第一控制信号与所述控制值之间的差的时间导数来产生所述扭矩参考。
6.一种机电动力传输链，所述机电动力传输链包括：
-电机(110)，所述电机(110)利用所述机电动力传输链可机械连接至内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器；
-蓄能器(118)，所述蓄能器(118)用于存储电能；
-变换器设备(115)，所述变换器设备(115)用于在所述电机与所述蓄能器之间传递电能，所述变换器设备被配置为以扭矩受控模式来驱动所述电机；以及
-根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(101)，所述装置(101)用于产生所述电机的扭矩参考。
7.根据权利要求6所述的机电动力传输链，其中，所述变换器设备(115)包括：
-电容电路(117)；
-变换器级(116)，所述变换器级(116)用于在所述电机充当发电机时将电能从所述电机传递到所述电容电路并且用于在所述电机充当电动机时将电能从所述电容电路传递到所述电机；以及
-直流电压变换器(119)，所述直流电压变换器(119)用于在所述电容电路与所述蓄能器(118)之间传递电能以便使所述电容电路的直流电压(UDC1)保持在预定电压范围中。
8.根据权利要求6所述的机电动力传输链，其中，所述蓄能器(118)包括至少一个电双层电容器。
9.一种用于控制机电动力传输链的方法，所述机电动力传输链是电机与内燃机和待驱动的一个或多个致动器机械连接的并行动力传输链，其特性在于，所述方法包括：
-基于由所述机电动力传输链的蓄能器存储的电能来产生(201)控制值，使得所述控制值是所存储的电能的下降函数；以及
-基于控制信号与所述控制值之间的差来产生(202)所述电机的扭矩参考，所述控制信号指示由所述内燃机产生的扭矩。
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