CN108183318A - A kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna and its feed method - Google Patents
A kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna and its feed method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108183318A CN108183318A CN201711454197.6A CN201711454197A CN108183318A CN 108183318 A CN108183318 A CN 108183318A CN 201711454197 A CN201711454197 A CN 201711454197A CN 108183318 A CN108183318 A CN 108183318A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna and its feed method, the array antenna includes radiating layer and transmission network network layers;The radiating layer includes the radiation cell array that several radiating elements are formed, and each radiating element includes square opening loudspeaker and the partition board circular polarizer below square opening loudspeaker;The partition board circular polarizer includes common port and two ports, and the common port is connected with the square opening loudspeaker;In the radiation cell array, the opening of several square opening loudspeaker is set in the same direction, forms network;Two ports of several partition board circular polarizers are divided into two groups, and two groups of ports are arranged at intervals, and the direction of two groups of ports is on the contrary, to realize 180 ° of phase shift;The transmission network network layers are located at the lower section of the partition board circular polarizer, and the transmission network network layers are double-layer structure, and the double-layer structure is connected respectively with two ports of the partition board circular polarizer;The double-layer structure is respectively used to realize the feeding network of opposite rotation direction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna technical field, more particularly to a kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna and its feed
The design of network.
Background technology
Antenna is used for the transmitting and reception of electromagnetic signal, is wireless communication and the significant components of radar.The main ginseng of antenna
Number includes gain, beam angle, bandwidth, directional diagram, standing-wave ratio etc..Simple antenna such as dipole, loudspeaker, micro-strip paster antenna etc.
It is widely used, but in the application scenario for pursuing high-gain, limited and its low gain and pattern characteristics.Parabola antenna can carry
For high-gain, but its size is larger, can not be used in the case of structure constraint.
Array antenna is made of many antenna elements, has high-gain, the good characteristic of low section.When as reception
Antenna is in use, each unit received signal is synthesized it is expected by feeding network with specific amplitude and phase
Directional diagram;When as transmitting antenna in use, signal power is split into respectively by power division network with specific amplitude and phase
A cell signal radiation of power, forms specific antenna pattern.For array antenna, the design of feeding network is particularly important.
In microwave frequency band, due to wavelength very little, and antenna element size and it is spaced, compact to design type comparable with wavelength
Low-loss feeding network just become highly difficult.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna and its feed method, has
The characteristics of broadband, miniaturization, low profile, before there is application well in the satellite communication system for requiring small-bore antenna
Scape.
The present invention is realized by following technological means:
A kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna, including radiating layer and transmission network network layers;The radiating layer includes several
The radiation cell array that radiating element is formed, each radiating element include square opening loudspeaker and below square opening loudspeaker
Partition board circular polarizer;
The partition board circular polarizer includes common port and two ports, and the common port is connected with the square opening loudspeaker;
In the radiation cell array, the opening of several square opening loudspeaker is set in the same direction, forms network;It is several it is described every
Two ports of plate circular polarizer are divided into two groups, and two groups of ports are arranged at intervals, and the direction of two groups of ports with realizing on the contrary, moved
180 ° of phase;
The transmission network network layers are located at the lower section of the partition board circular polarizer, and the transmission network network layers are double-layer structure, described double
Layer structure is connected respectively with two ports of the partition board circular polarizer;The double-layer structure is respectively used to realize opposite rotation direction
Feeding network.
Further, the opening direction of the square opening loudspeaker is equipped with the metal gate compartment for inhibiting graing lobe.
Further, each square opening loudspeaker are divided into four radiation ports by the metal gate compartment, between adjacent radiation mouth
Spacing distance H2 is the λ of 0.75 λ~1.
Further, the thickness H1 of the metal gate compartment is more than λ/4.
Further, the bilayer of the transmission network network layers is connected separately with elbow, and the elbow is used for side in signal transmission
To conversion and connection with transceiving device.
Further, in the radiation cell array, it is equipped with spacing H3, the spacing H3 between adjacent square opening loudspeaker
The λ of 1.5 λ~2.0.
A kind of feed method of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna of the present invention,
The feed public port of the transmission network network layers facing one direction, present by all branches of the transmission network network layers of double-layer structure
Electric port is towards with feeding 90 ° of orthogonal directions of public port;
Minimum spacing between the branch feed port is less than a space wavelength;
The transmission network network layers are swung to block by waveguide E face T and E-H faces and are formed.
Further, the waveguide E face T carries out bandwidth by 2 ~ 3 allotment blocks and standing wave matches, and the E-H faces are swung to
Block carries out bandwidth by two allotment blocks and standing wave matches.
Further, the transmission network network layers of the double-layer structure use parallelly feeding form.
Further, the thickness of the transmission network network layers of the double-layer structure is two waveguide broadsides.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
Compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna in the present invention, simultaneously works in K-band and Ka wave bands, frequency band standing internal wave
Less than 1.5, secondary lobe is less than -14dB, and Circular polarization ratio is less than 2dB, and frequency band internal antenna aperture efficiency reaches more than 85%.
The present invention is realized is equal to waveguide broadside, individual layer transmission network in the size perpendicular to two layers of front direction feeding network
Network size is less than a space wavelength;Radiating element interval is made to be less than wavelength being parallel to front direction increase grid, so as to have
Effect inhibits graing lobe;In the unit interval of the λ of two layers of polarization feeding network co-localization and 1.5 λ~2.0, while realize left-right rotary
Polarization.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of front view of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of rearview of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna provided by the invention;
Fig. 3 is the right view in embodiment 2 provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of the feeding network in embodiment 2 provided by the invention;
Fig. 5 is the right view of the isolation circular polarizer in embodiment 2 provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is the right view of embodiment 3 provided by the invention;
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of feeding network in embodiment 3 provided by the invention;
Fig. 8 is K-band directional diagram in embodiment 3 provided by the invention;
Fig. 9 is Ka wave band directional diagrams in embodiment 3 provided by the invention;
In figure:
11st, square opening loudspeaker;12nd, partition board circular polarizer;14th, the first allotment block;15th, the second allotment block;16th, dextrorotation common port;17、
Left-handed common port;19th, metal gate compartment;21st, radiation port;22nd, feeding network;24th, elbow;31st, branch feed port;32nd, it presents
Electric common port;34th, waveguide E face T;35th, block is swung in E-H faces.
Specific embodiment
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, tie below
Conjunction is specifically illustrating, and the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
Referring to shown in attached drawing 1-9, a kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna provided by the invention, including radiating layer and feedback
Power grid network layers 22;The radiating layer includes the radiation cell array that several radiating elements are formed, and each radiating element wraps
Include square opening loudspeaker 11 and the partition board circular polarizer 12 positioned at 11 lower section of square opening loudspeaker;
The partition board circular polarizer 12 includes common port and two ports, and the common port is connected with the square opening loudspeaker 11;
Specifically, in the radiation cell array, the opening of several square opening loudspeaker 11 is set in the same direction, forms network;
Two ports of several partition board circular polarizers 12, are divided into two groups, and two groups of ports are arranged at intervals, and two groups of ports towards phase
Instead, to realize 180 ° of phase shift;
The transmission network network layers 22 are located at the lower section of the partition board circular polarizer 12, and the transmission network network layers 22 are double-layer structure,
The double-layer structure is connected respectively with two ports of the partition board circular polarizer 12;The double-layer structure is respectively used to realize phase
Derotation to feeding network.
Further, the opening direction of the square opening loudspeaker 11 is equipped with the metal gate compartment 19 for inhibiting graing lobe.Specifically
In actual use, 19 gluing of metal gate compartment can be bonded on square opening loudspeaker 11.
Further, each square opening loudspeaker 11 are at least divided into four radiation ports 21, adjacent spoke by the metal gate compartment 19
Spacing distance H2 between loophole 21 is the λ of 0.75 λ~1.
Preferably, the thickness H1 of the metal gate compartment 19 is more than λ/4.
Further, the bilayer of the transmission network network layers 22 is connected separately with elbow 24, and the elbow 24 passes for signal
The conversion in defeated middle direction and the connection with partition board circular polarizer 12 or transceiving device.
Specifically, in order to realize that better left-right rotary polarizes, in the radiation cell array, between adjacent square opening loudspeaker 11
Equipped with spacing H3, the spacing H3 is the λ of 1.5 λ~2.0.
A kind of feed method of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna provided by the invention, the transmission network network layers
22 feed public port 32 facing one direction, the 31 equal court of all branch feed ports of the transmission network network layers 22 of double-layer structure
To with feeding 90 ° of orthogonal directions of public port;
Minimum spacing between the branch feed port 31 is less than a space wavelength;
The transmission network network layers 22 are swung to block by waveguide E face T and E-H faces and are formed.
Further, the waveguide E face T carries out bandwidth by 2 ~ 3 allotment blocks and standing wave matches, and the E-H faces are fallen
Bandwidth is carried out by two allotment blocks and standing wave is matched to block.
Specifically, the transmission network network layers 22 of the double-layer structure use parallelly feeding form.
Specifically, the thickness of the transmission network network layers 22 of double-layer structure is two waveguide broadsides.
It is the reality of a four unit waveguide double-circle polarization array antennas provided by the invention with reference to shown in attached drawing 1 and Fig. 2
Example.Specifically, radiation cell array includes four electromagnetic horns and feeding network 22, is connected by pin.Each electromagnetic horn
Include a square opening loudspeaker 11, partition board circular polarizer 12 and metal gate compartment 19.Connection relation as shown in Figs. 1-2, passes through pin
Nail connection.The opening arrays of electromagnetic horn in one plane, jointly to same direction A to being radiated.Each electromagnetic horn
A partition board circular polarizer 12 is connect under unit to realize circular polarisation performance.The mouth face of each electromagnetic horn unit square opening loudspeaker connects one
Each 11 face of horn mouth is divided into the small radiation port 21 of four deciles by a metal gate compartment 19, metal gate compartment 19.
Alignment placement and gain pattern performance in view of double-deck feeding network, in of the invention, between square opening loudspeaker 11
Unit interval H3 between the λ of 1.5 λ~2.0.And feeding network 22 includes two layers, one layer is used to implement left-hand circular polarization, separately
One layer is used to implement right-handed circular polarization.The common port of partition board circular polarizer 12 opens to form square horn mouth, other two ports
One connects left-handed network, and one connects dextrorotation network.
Metal gate compartment 19 is added in 11 outside of loudspeaker radiation mouth by adhesive means, and each bell mouth surface is divided into four etc.
The small radiation port divided, free space is radiated by small radiation port.The distance between small radiation port is less than a space wavelength, can
Effectively to inhibit the generation of graing lobe.The thickness H1 of metal gate compartment 19 influences the gain of antenna in the range of by a small margin, can be with
It is optimized by electromagnetic simulation software, selectes optimum size, be generally preferred with being more than λ/4.
Feeding network 22 is swung to block by a series of highly integrated waveguide E face T and E-H faces and is formed.Traditional E faces T is keeps away
Exempt from the coupling of higher mode, it must be more than the several wavelength of spacing between two-arm.
Embodiment 2
As further explaining for above-described embodiment, with reference to shown in attached drawing 3-5, in the present embodiment, the feeding network of use has
Body is one point of four feeding network, includes seven parts:Three E faces T(One level-one E face T 33 and two two level E face T
34)Block 35 is swung to four E-H faces.One point of four feeding network 22 provides four branch feed ports 31(That is the first feeding network
With the port on the second feeding network), minimum interval is less than a space wavelength.Behind four branch feed ports 31
Again smaller than one space wavelength of fore-and-aft distance H4.On the one hand the structure design of this highly compact is constantly shrinking and has saved sky
Between, on the other hand ensure the direction of feed common port 32 convenient for the feeding network of connection more stages.Level-one waveguide E face T 34 is used
3 first allotment blocks 14(Recessed portion)Bandwidth and standing wave allotment are carried out, two level waveguide E face T 34 is with one first allotment block 14
Carry out bandwidth and standing wave allotment.E-H swing in face block 35 by two-stage second allocate block 15 ensure its pattern convert, complete transmission network
The direction transformation of network 22 can facilitate and be connected with antenna element.
Since distance is close between T shapes knot and turning, mutual coupling is also very big, and whole dimensionally-optimised comparison is stranded
It is difficult.Optimization can use electromagnetic simulation software to carry out.This exemplary application 3 D electromagnetic simulation software CST Microwave
Studio is iterated optimization, and standing wave and magnitude-phase characteristics are realized in two band limits of K and Ka.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 is designed 8 × 8 array antenna K-band and Ka wave band directional diagrams respectively, it can be seen that designed
Frequency range in, antenna pattern characteristic is good, and graing lobe is effectively suppressed.
Fig. 4 is the feeding network schematic diagram of 4 × 4 quaternary battle array dual polarized antennas.Including a certain rotation direction, such as left-handed network
Side, in the layer close to circular polarizer;And another rotation direction --- dextrorotation network on the outside, far from circular polarizer layer.It is so entire
The height of double-circle polarization network is exactly the sum of height of two waveguide broadsides.The port of left-right rotary network is side by side towards same
Side, so that two ports with partition board circular polarizer 12 are connect.Left-handed network includes left-handed common port 17 and a series of retouches above
Block 35 is swung in the E faces T 34 stated and E-H faces;Dextrorotation network includes the public port 35 of dextrorotation and a series of E faces T 34 and E-H
Swing to block 35 in face.
Fig. 5 is the alignment placement figure of partition board circular polarizer 12.The electricity of two-arm two-port behind E-H turnings of E faces T homonymies
Field is in the same direction, but the two-port of consolidated network is not fed in the same side of partition board circular polarizer 12, but in partition board entelechy
Change the reverse port feed of device 12(180 ° of difference), thus the partition board circular polarizer 12 of adjacent two-arm is rotated into 180 ° of arrangements and is placed
(180 ° of difference), so that all of the port of same feeding network is made to be fed in the same rotation direction port of partition board circular polarizer 12.And
For another direction, partition board circular polarizer 12 is collectively aligned.
Embodiment 3
It is specifically the distribution map of the electric field that one point of eight work(divide feeding network with reference to shown in attached drawing 6-9.Branch feed port 31
It is respectively positioned on the two-arm of same E faces T, electric field B in the same direction;In this way, for the feeding network of same layer, the electricity of all antenna ports
Field towards same direction B, and the electric field of common port with its reversed 180 °.
Larger aerial array can be designed by the cascade of multiple E faces T.
Fig. 7 is the feeding network schematic diagram of 8 × 8 square arrays.The feeding network of a rotation direction is only gived in figure,
There are 64 ports.For convenience of connection, public port is used as at the antenna back side to external port by H faces elbow 12, can pass through flange
It is connect with rear class transceiving device.The aerial array and feeding network of the present invention can very easily carry out more array element array antennas
Design only need to carry out duplication expansion, and carry out corresponding impedance matching connection on the basis of quaternary battle array.
Above analysis and example are illustrated by taking rectangular waveguide as an example, but feeding network provided by the present invention designs
Method is not limited in rectangular waveguide network or circular waveguide or elliptical waveguide etc..Array format be not limited to it is rectangular,
It can be rectangle.
As special case, waveguide trumpet array bay is radiated to same direction, by many waveguide power dividers and elbow group
Into feed network for waveguide carry out parallelly feeding, by the antenna that designs of the present invention, have the following advantages that:
1st, K-band and Ka wave bands are simultaneously worked in;
2nd, frequency band internal antenna aperture efficiency reaches more than 85%;
3rd, filter with low insertion loss, four element antenna array Insertion Loss are in below 0.2dB;
4th, it is compact-sized, it realizes and is equal to waveguide broadside, individual layer feed in the size perpendicular to two layers of front direction feeding network
Network size is less than a space wavelength;Radiating element interval is made to be less than wavelength being parallel to front direction increase grid, so as to
Effectively inhibit graing lobe;
5 while realize that left-right rotary polarizes, in the unit interval of the λ of two layers of polarization feeding network co-localization and 1.5 λ~2.0.
The basic principles, main features and the advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna, which is characterized in that including radiating layer and transmission network network layers(22);Institute
It states radiating layer and includes the radiation cell array that several radiating elements are formed, each radiating element includes square opening loudspeaker(11)
With positioned at square opening loudspeaker(11)The partition board circular polarizer of lower section(12);
The partition board circular polarizer(12)Including common port and two ports, the common port and the square opening loudspeaker(11)Phase
Even;
In the radiation cell array, several square opening loudspeaker(11)Opening set in the same direction, formed network;Several institutes
State partition board circular polarizer(12)Two ports, be divided into two groups, two groups of ports are arranged at intervals, and two groups of ports direction on the contrary,
To realize 180 ° of phase shift;
The transmission network network layers(22)Positioned at the partition board circular polarizer(12)Lower section, the transmission network network layers(22)For bilayer
Structure, the double-layer structure respectively with the partition board circular polarizer(12)Two ports be connected;The double-layer structure is used respectively
In the feeding network for realizing opposite rotation direction.
A kind of 2. compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the square opening loudspeaker
(11)Opening direction be equipped with for the metal gate compartment that inhibits graing lobe(19).
A kind of 3. compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the metal gate
Compartment(19)By each square opening loudspeaker(11)It is divided into four radiation ports(21), adjacent radiation mouth(21)Between spacing distance H2 be
The λ of 0.75 λ~1.
A kind of 4. compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the metal gate
Compartment(19)Thickness H1 be more than λ/4.
A kind of 5. compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmission network
Network layers(22)Bilayer be connected separately with elbow(24), the elbow(24)For direction in signal transmission conversion and with receipts
Send out the connection of device.
6. a kind of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the radiation is single
In element array, adjacent square opening loudspeaker(11)Between be equipped with spacing H3, the spacing H3 is the λ of 1.5 λ~2.0.
7. a kind of feed method of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna as described in claim 1-6 is any, feature
It is, the transmission network network layers(22)Feed public port(32)Facing one direction, the transmission network network layers of double-layer structure
(22)All branch feed ports(31)Towards with feeding 90 ° of orthogonal directions of public port;
The branch feed port(31)Between minimum spacing be less than a space wavelength;
The transmission network network layers(22)Block is swung to by waveguide E face T and E-H faces to form.
A kind of 8. feed method of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that institute
It states waveguide E face T and carries out bandwidth and standing wave matching by 2 ~ 3 allotment blocks, the E-H faces swing to block and pass through two allotment blocks progress
Bandwidth and standing wave matching.
A kind of 9. feed method of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that institute
State the transmission network network layers of double-layer structure(22)Using parallelly feeding form.
10. a kind of feed method of compact double-circle polarization waveguide array antenna as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that
The transmission network network layers of the double-layer structure(22)Thickness be two waveguide broadsides.
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