CN108183258B - Polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte, preparation method and application thereof in solid lithium battery - Google Patents
Polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte, preparation method and application thereof in solid lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte, which is characterized in that: the solid polymer electrolyte comprises acrylate, lithium salt and an initiator; a preparation method of polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing acrylate and lithium salt, adding the mixture into a 20ml reagent bottle, and stirring the mixture for 30min at room temperature to uniformly mix the acrylate and the lithium salt; adding an initiator into the mixed solution, and stirring for 5min at room temperature to uniformly mix; uniformly pouring the obtained mixed solution into a culture dish or a porous rigid support material; heating at 80 ℃ for 20min to ensure that the acrylate is self-polymerized or copolymerized with a cross-linking agent under the initiation of an initiator to obtain the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte. The advantages are that: the preparation method is simple, shortens the film preparation time and saves the time cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte, in particular to a polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte, and also relates to a preparation method of the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte, in particular to application of the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte in a solid lithium battery.
Background
Along with the wide application of lithium batteries in portable devices, intelligent devices and the like, people put higher demands on the safety performance of the lithium batteries. In the traditional lithium battery, the electrolyte contains volatile flammable carbonate solution, and potential safety hazards such as liquid leakage, ignition, explosion and the like exist. In the gel lithium battery, the main component (more than 90%) of the gel electrolyte is still the commercial electrolyte, so the safety can not be solved fundamentally. The development of solid lithium ion batteries, which replace liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes, is an effective way to solve the safety problem of lithium batteries.
In the currently studied all-solid-state lithium ion batteries, electrolytes can be generally divided into two types, one type is an inorganic solid electrolyte with ceramic and glass as main materials; the other type is a solid polymer electrolyte consisting of a high-molecular organic polymer and a lithium salt complex system. Common solid polymer electrolyte matrices include polyethers, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polynitriles, and polyalkylenes. The polyacrylate material has strong lithium salt dissolving capacity, and the contained carbonyl and ether-oxygen bond can also provide a lithium ion transmission channel, but the polyacrylate material is a high-affinity polymer, so that the independent film-forming performance is poor, and the solid electrolyte is difficult to prepare on a large scale. The functional group carbonyl and oxygen in the carbonate plasticizer have strong effects and can contain a large amount of liquid electrolyte, so that the polyacrylate material is commonly used in gel electrolyte, but the safety performance cannot be guaranteed.
Therefore, a new technique is sought to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: aiming at the defects, the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte, the simple and efficient preparation method of the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte film and the application of the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte in a solid lithium battery are provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the solid polymer electrolyte comprises acrylate, lithium salt and an initiator, wherein the acrylate accounts for 20-60% of the solid polymer electrolyte, and the lithium salt accounts for 10-50% of the solid polymer electrolyte.
In order to obtain the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte with high mechanical strength, the solid-state polymer electrolyte further comprises a cross-linking agent, wherein the cross-linking agent comprises one or more of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, styrene, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, and the proportion of the cross-linking agent in the polymer solid-state electrolyte is 0-30%.
In order to further improve the mechanical strength of the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte, the solid-state polymer electrolyte also comprises a porous rigid support material, and the porous rigid support material comprises one of non-woven fabrics, ceramic porous membranes, glass fiber membranes, PP, PE and PP/PE composite membranes.
In order to improve the ionic conductivity of the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte, the solid-state polymer electrolyte further comprises a plasticizer, the plasticizer comprises one or more of a carbonate organic solvent, an ether organic solvent and sulfones, wherein the carbonate organic solvent is propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate, the ether organic solvent is tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the sulfones are sulfolane, and the plasticizer accounts for 0-40% of the polymer solid-state electrolyte
The acrylate is methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, or ethyl methacrylate.
The lithium salt comprises one or more of lithium perchlorate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonate) imide and lithium tris (trifluoromethanesulfonate) methide.
The initiator is one of azo initiator and peroxide initiator, wherein the azo initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile or azobisisoheptonitrile, the peroxide initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide or lauroyl peroxide, and the initiator accounts for 0.3-1% of the total mass of the acrylate and the cross-linking agent.
A preparation method of polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps: mixing acrylate and lithium salt, adding the mixture into a 20ml reagent bottle, and stirring the mixture for 30min at room temperature to uniformly mix the acrylate and the lithium salt;
step two: or adding one or more of a cross-linking agent or a plasticizer into the mixed solution obtained in the step two, and then uniformly stirring;
step three: adding an initiator into the mixed solution, and stirring for 5min at room temperature to uniformly mix;
step four: uniformly pouring the obtained mixed solution into a culture dish or a porous rigid support material;
step five: heating at 80 ℃ for 20min to ensure that the acrylate is self-polymerized or copolymerized with a cross-linking agent under the initiation of an initiator to obtain the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte.
The solid lithium battery is formed by sequentially stacking a negative electrode, the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte and a positive electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the technical effects that: 1. the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte provided by the invention takes the monomer of a high-molecular polymer material as a raw material, and the use of toxic solvents (such as NMP and DMF) is omitted in the preparation process; 2. the preparation method is simple, shortens the film preparation time and saves the time cost; 3. the introduction of the cross-linking agent and the supporting material can greatly improve the mechanical strength of the electrolyte, the addition of the plasticizer can improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, and the assembled solid lithium battery has lower impedance and higher capacity performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a charge-discharge curve of a battery according to example two;
FIG. 2 is a charge-discharge curve of the battery of the third embodiment;
fig. 3 is a charge-discharge curve of the battery of the second embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the invention relates to a polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte, which comprises acrylate, lithium salt and an initiator, wherein the acrylate accounts for 60% of the solid polymer electrolyte, and the lithium salt accounts for 40% of the solid polymer electrolyte.
The acrylate is butyl methacrylate.
The lithium salt comprises lithium perchlorate.
The initiator is azobisisobutyronitrile, and accounts for 0.3% of the total mass of the acrylate and the cross-linking agent.
A preparation method of polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps: mixing butyl methacrylate and lithium perchlorate, adding the mixture into a 20ml reagent bottle, and stirring the mixture for 30min at room temperature to uniformly mix the butyl methacrylate and the lithium perchlorate;
step two: adding azodiisobutyronitrile into the mixed solution, and stirring at room temperature for 5min to mix the mixture uniformly;
step three: uniformly pouring the obtained mixed solution in a culture dish;
step four: heating at 80 ℃ for 20min to ensure that butyl methacrylate is self-polymerized under the initiation of azodiisobutyronitrile to obtain the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte.
The solid lithium battery is formed by sequentially stacking a negative electrode, the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte and a positive electrode.
Example two:
in order to obtain an all-solid polymer electrolyte with high mechanical strength, the solid polymer electrolyte comprises acrylate, lithium salt, initiator and cross-linking agent, wherein the acrylate accounts for 40% of the solid polymer electrolyte, the lithium salt accounts for 40% of the solid polymer electrolyte, and the cross-linking agent accounts for 20% of the solid polymer electrolyte.
The acrylate is methyl methacrylate.
The lithium salt comprises lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
The initiator is azobisisoheptonitrile, and accounts for 0.5% of the total mass of the acrylate and the crosslinking agent.
The cross-linking agent is one or more of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, styrene, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, and the polyethylene glycol diacrylate is preferred.
A preparation method of polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps: mixing methyl methacrylate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, adding the mixture into a 20ml reagent bottle, and stirring at room temperature for 30min to uniformly mix the methyl methacrylate and the lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate;
step two: adding polyethylene glycol diacrylate into the mixed solution obtained in the step two, and then uniformly stirring;
step three: adding azodiisoheptanonitrile into the mixed solution, and stirring for 5min at room temperature to uniformly mix;
step four: uniformly pouring the obtained mixed solution in a culture dish;
step five: heating at 80 ℃ for 20min to ensure that the methyl methacrylate and the polyethylene glycol diacrylate ester are copolymerized to obtain the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte.
The solid lithium battery is formed by sequentially stacking a negative electrode, the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte and a positive electrode.
Example three:
in order to further improve the mechanical strength of the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte, the solid-state polymer electrolyte comprises acrylate, lithium salt, initiator, cross-linking agent and porous rigid supporting material, wherein the acrylate accounts for 40% of the solid-state polymer electrolyte, the lithium salt accounts for 40% of the solid-state polymer electrolyte, and the cross-linking agent accounts for 20% of the solid-state polymer electrolyte.
The acrylate is ethyl methacrylate.
The lithium salt comprises lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonate) imide.
The initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide, and accounts for 0.7% of the total mass of the acrylate and the cross-linking agent.
The cross-linking agent is one or more of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, styrene, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, and styrene is preferred.
The porous rigid support material is a ceramic porous diaphragm.
A preparation method of polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps: mixing ethyl methacrylate and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonate) imide, adding the mixture into a 20ml reagent bottle, and stirring the mixture for 30min at room temperature to ensure that the ethyl methacrylate and the lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonate) imide are uniformly mixed;
step two: adding styrene into the mixed solution obtained in the step two, and then uniformly stirring;
step three: adding dibenzoyl peroxide into the mixed solution, and stirring at room temperature for 5min to mix uniformly;
step four: uniformly pouring the obtained mixed solution on a ceramic porous diaphragm;
step five: heating at 80 deg.C for 20min to make butyl methacrylate self-polymerize under the initiation of dibenzoyl peroxide to obtain polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte.
The solid lithium battery is formed by sequentially stacking a negative electrode, the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte and a positive electrode.
Example four:
in order to improve the ionic conductivity of the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte, the solid-state polymer electrolyte comprises acrylate, lithium salt, an initiator, a cross-linking agent, a porous rigid support material and a plasticizer, wherein the acrylate accounts for 30% of the solid-state polymer electrolyte, the lithium salt accounts for 30% of the solid-state polymer electrolyte, the cross-linking agent accounts for 20% of the solid-state polymer electrolyte, and the plasticizer accounts for 20% of the polymer electrolyte.
The acrylate is ethyl methacrylate.
The lithium salt comprises tris (trifluoromethylsulfonic acid) methyllithium.
The initiator is lauroyl peroxide, and accounts for 1% of the total mass of the acrylate and the cross-linking agent.
The cross-linking agent is one or more of polyethylene glycol diacrylate, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, styrene, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, and the methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane is preferred.
The porous rigid support material is a ceramic porous diaphragm.
The plasticizer is one or more of a carbonate organic solvent, an ether organic solvent and sulfones, wherein the carbonate organic solvent is propylene carbonate or ethylene carbonate, the ether organic solvent is tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the sulfones are sulfolane, and the preferred plasticizer is propylene carbonate.
A preparation method of polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte comprises the following steps: mixing ethyl methacrylate and tris (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) methyllithium, adding the mixture into a 20ml reagent bottle, and stirring the mixture at room temperature for 30min to ensure that the ethyl methacrylate and the tris (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) methyllithium are uniformly mixed;
step two: adding styrene into the mixed solution obtained in the step two, and then uniformly stirring;
step three: adding dibenzoyl peroxide and propylene carbonate into the mixed solution, and stirring at room temperature for 5min to uniformly mix;
step four: uniformly pouring the obtained mixed solution on a ceramic porous diaphragm;
step five: heating at 80 ℃ for 20min to ensure that the ethyl methacrylate is self-polymerized under the initiation of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to obtain the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte.
The solid lithium battery is formed by sequentially stacking a negative electrode, the polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte and a positive electrode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the technical effects that: 1. the all-solid-state polymer electrolyte provided by the invention takes the monomer of a high-molecular polymer material as a raw material, and the use of toxic solvents (such as NMP and DMF) is omitted in the preparation process; 2. the preparation method is simple, shortens the film preparation time and saves the time cost; 3. the introduction of the cross-linking agent and the supporting material can greatly improve the mechanical strength of the electrolyte, the addition of the plasticizer can improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, and the assembled solid lithium battery has lower impedance and higher capacity performance.
Example five:
preparing a solid lithium battery with polyacrylate solid polymer electrolyte: mixing an active main material, conductive carbon black and a binder PVDF according to a mass ratio of 80: 10: 10, adding solvent NMP, stirring to obtain uniform slurry, coating the uniform slurry on an aluminum foil by a scraper method, drying at 90 ℃ for 12 hours, cutting into 12mm electrode slices, drying in a vacuum box at 90 ℃ for 12 hours for later use, and using metal lithium as a negative electrode to self-manufacture a composite solid electrolyte assembled button cell.
Example six:
characterization of electrolyte Properties
(1) Thickness measurement of film: the thickness of the solid electrolyte was measured using a micrometer (accurate to 0.001mm), and the average was determined at any three points.
(2) And (3) ion conductivity test: a symmetrical blocking cell SS/CSE/SS measurement system was assembled in a glove box filled with argon, the ac impedance was measured at 30 ℃ with an electrochemical workstation, and the conductivity of the electrolyte was calculated by the formula σ ═ l/(R · S).
(3) Electrochemical window testing; stainless steel is used as a working positive electrode, metal lithium is used as a counter electrode and a reference electrode, a solid electrolyte is clamped between the working positive electrode and the reference electrode to assemble the battery, the battery is stood for more than 6 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃, a linear sweep voltammetry test is carried out through an electrochemical workstation, and the test voltage range of the linear sweep voltammetry test is 2.5-6.0V (vs Li)+/Li), scan rate of 1mVs-1The test results are shown in Table 1.
Example seven:
(2) battery performance testing method
And testing the charge-discharge curve of the battery by using a LAND battery program-controlled tester.
At 30 ℃ and 0.2C rate, the lithium iron phosphate/lithium metal battery assembled by the composite solid electrolyte of the embodiment 2 has a stable charge-discharge curve, and the 0.2C discharge capacity reaches 156 mAh/g;
at 30 ℃ and 0.2C rate, the lithium cobaltate/lithium metal battery assembled by the composite solid electrolyte of the embodiment 3 has a stable charge-discharge curve, and the 0.2C discharge capacity reaches 161 mAh/g;
at 30 ℃ and 0.2C multiplying power, the lithium-rich manganese-based solid solution/lithium metal battery assembled by the composite solid electrolyte in the embodiment 4 has stable charge-discharge curve, and the 0.2C discharge capacity reaches 213mAh/g
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN108183258A (en) | 2018-06-19 |
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