CN108166159B - 保温填充材料及其制备方法、保温制品 - Google Patents
保温填充材料及其制备方法、保温制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种保温填充材料及其制备方法、保温制品,属于保温填充材料技术领域,其可至少部分解决现有的保温填充材料的耐水洗性、压缩回弹性等耐久性较差问题。本发明的保温填充材料包括:球状纤维集合体,其由弹性纤维构成,其中,所述弹性纤维的弹性伸长率在80~300%,弹性回复率在85~99%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保温填充材料技术领域,具体涉及一种保温填充材料及其制备方法、保温制品。
背景技术
保温填充材料是大量细小纤维构成的松散物料,其可被填充到服装、被子等之中起到保温(如保暖)作用。由于保温填充材料的细小纤维可在受力时相对移动,故产品的整体外形也可随使用者的拍打、按压而变化,更加贴合使用者的身体,改善使用体验。
传统的保温填充材料主要采用鸭绒、鹅绒等天然羽绒。天然羽绒的物理结构决定了其具有良好的蓬松度、压缩回弹性、保温性等性能。但是,天然羽绒也有产量受限、成本高、品质均一性差、易霉变、易引发过敏等问题。为此,可使用各种人造纤维替代天然羽绒作为保温填充材料。
但是,使用人造纤维和天然羽绒的保温填充材料在被水洗、压缩时,其中的纤维容易发生缠结,导致其各项性能在水洗、压缩后明显降低。也就是说,现有的人造保温填充材料的耐水洗性、压缩回弹性等耐久性较差,不能满足需求。
发明内容
本发明至少部分解决现有的保温填充材料的耐水洗性、压缩回弹性等耐久性较差问题。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是一种保温填充材料,其包括:
球状纤维集合体,其由弹性纤维构成。
优选的是,所述弹性纤维的弹性伸长率在80~300%,弹性回复率在85~99%。
优选的是,所述弹性纤维具有三维卷曲结构。
进一步优选的是,所述三维卷曲结构的卷取数在8~50个
/25mm。
优选的是,所述弹性纤维的细度在0.5~7D。
优选的是,所述弹性纤维的长度在15~75mm。
优选的是,所述弹性纤维包括聚酯纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚氨酯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、聚醚酰胺纤维、双组份复合纤维中的任意一种或多种。
优选的是,所述球状纤维集合体的粒径在2~20mm。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是一种上述保温填充材料的制备方法,其包括:
对所述弹性纤维进行成球,使其形成所述球状纤维集合体。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是一种保温制品,其包括:
包覆体,所述包覆体限定出封闭的内部空间;
填充在所述包覆体限定的封闭的内部空间中的上述保温填充材料。
优选的是,所述包覆体为柔性包覆体。
优选的是,所述保温制品为鞋、帽、衣服、枕头、被子、垫子、睡袋中的任意一种。
本发明的保温填充材料主要包括球状纤维集合体,且该球状纤维集合体是由弹性纤维构成的,经研究发现,这样的保温填充材料具有优异的耐水洗性、压缩回弹性等耐久性。
附图说明
图1本发明的实施例1的保温填充材料的照片;
图2为本发明的各实施例和对比例的样品的厚度和保温性的测试结果;
图3为本发明的各实施例和对比例的样品的热阻保持率的测试结果。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
用语解释
在本发明中,下列术语或描述方式的意义如下:
“A至B”、“A~B”的描述包括A的值、B的值,以及任何大于A并小于B的值。
“纤维”是指连续或不连续的细丝,其在长度方向上的尺寸远大于在横截面中任意方向上的尺寸。
“球状纤维集合体”是指由纤维卷绕成的基本为球状的结构,也称“纤维球”。
“丹尼尔(D)”是纤维细度的单位,也称“旦”,其代表9000米长的纤维在公定回潮率时以克为单位的重量。
“gsm”是克重的单位,表示克每平方米,即每平方米的片层材料以克为单位的重量。
“Clo(克罗)值”是评价材料保温性的参数,其实质是一种热阻值,越大表示保温性越好;其中,当一个安静坐着或从事轻度脑力劳动的人(发热量在209.2kJ/m2·h),在温度为21℃、相对湿度小于50%、风速不超过0.l米/秒的环境中感觉舒适时,其所穿衣服的Clo值定为1。
保温填充材料
本发明提供一种保温填充材料,其包括:
球状纤维集合体,其由弹性纤维构成。
本发明的保温填充材料包括由弹性纤维构成的球状纤维集合体,即构成该球状纤维集合体的纤维必须是弹性纤维,具有较强的弹性。
具体的,弹性纤维的弹性伸长率在80~300%,弹性回复率在85~99%。其中,弹性伸长率和弹性回复率采用下公式计算得到:弹性伸长率(%)=100%×(L1-L0)/L0,弹性回复率(%)=100%×(L1-L2)/(Ll-L0);在测试过程中,先在纤维上挂上2mg/d(毫克每旦)的初荷重,用90度的热水处理2min后再挂置12h,晾干后测得的长度为L0;在L0测定后,去除初荷重2min后挂上100mg/d的定荷重,等待30s后测得的长度为L1;在L1测定后,去除定荷重2min后重新挂上2mg/d的初荷重,再等待30s后测得的长度为L2。
优选的,弹性纤维具有三维卷曲结构;而三维卷曲结构的卷取数在8~50个/25mm。
也就是说,用于形成以上球状纤维集合体的纤维可以是中空的,且本身可形成三维卷曲结构,以便形成球状;更具体的,在每25mm长度纤维内会形成8~50个卷曲(卷曲个数由卷曲峰和卷曲谷的总个数除2得到)。
优选的,弹性纤维的细度在0.5~7D,长度在15~75mm;更优选细度在2~6D,长度在32~64mm。
为了使弹性纤维形成符合要求的球状纤维集合体,其尺寸优选在以上范围内。
优选的,弹性纤维包括聚酯纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚氨酯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、聚醚酰胺纤维、双组份复合纤维中的任意一种或多种。
从材料分,弹性纤维可为聚酯纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚氨酯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、聚醚酰胺纤维等,或者也可以是两种不同材料构成的双组份复合纤维,如聚酯复合纤维(指两种不同聚酯材料复合的纤维)、聚丙烯/聚酯复合纤维、聚乳酸复合纤维(指两种不同聚乳酸材料复合的纤维)等。
优选的,球状纤维集合体的粒径在2~20mm。
也就是说,保温填充材料中的每个纤维球(球状纤维集合体)的直径(粒径)都应处于以上范围内,这样可使保温填充材料获得较好的性能。
本发明的保温填充材料主要包括球状纤维集合体,且该球状纤维集合体是由弹性纤维构成的,经研究发现,这样的保温填充材料具有优异的耐水洗性、压缩回弹性等耐久性。
保温填充材料的制备方法
本发明还提供一种上述保温填充材料的制备方法,其包括:
对弹性纤维进行成球,使其形成球状纤维集合体。
也就是说,可对原料弹性纤维进行常规的成球工艺(当然还可进行开松等),从而使其形成球状纤维集合体,得到以上保温填充材料。
保温制品
本发明提供一种保温制品,该保温制品包括:
包覆体,包覆体限定出封闭的内部空间;
设于包覆体限定的封闭的内部空间中的上述的保温填充材料。
也就是说,可将以上的保温填充材料设置在封闭的包覆结构中,从而形成可实际应用的保温制品。
优选的,包覆体为柔性包覆体。
也就是说,以上的包覆体可为面料、皮革等柔性的材料,从而其可通过缝制等工艺形成封闭的内部空间,由此保温制品也是柔性的,可随使用者的需要而在一定程度内变形,给使用者带来更舒适的使用体验。
优选的,以上保温制品可为床上用品、衣物等,其具体例子包括但不限于:鞋、帽、衣服(包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等)、枕头、被子、垫子、睡袋等。
实施例
下面对本发明的各具体实施例进行更详细的介绍。
1、原料
本发明的实施例和对比例中,采用的原料具体情况如下:
弹性纤维1:三维中空硅化弹性聚酯纤维,其细度2D,长度32mm,购自日本尤尼吉卡公司。
弹性纤维2:三维中空硅化弹性聚酯纤维,其细度3D,长度32mm,购自日本东丽公司。
弹性纤维3:三维中空硅化弹性聚酯纤维,其细度7D,长度64mm,购自日本东丽公司。
非弹性纤维1:三维中空硅化聚酯纤维,其细度3D,长度32mm,购自中国石化仪征化纤股份有限公司。
灰鸭绒:含绒量80/20(即80wt%为鸭绒,20wt%为羽毛等非鸭绒物质),购自羽绒零售店。
2、性能测试方法
为了对各实施例和对比例的保温填充材料的性能进行评价,需要对它们进行一系列的性能测试,具体的测试方法如下:
1)样包制备
将90克样品缝制到12英寸×12英寸的尼龙布包中,作为样包1。
按照200gsm的填充量将样品吹入50cm×50cm的尼龙布包中,并缝制出5条10cm×50cm的矩形绗缝格,得到样包2。
2)厚度和保温性
将样包2经真空包装后放置2周,打开包装将产品在无压力状态下放置至少24h后开始进行以下测试:
在20Pa的压力下测试样包2的厚度三次,以平均值作为其厚度。
依据ASTM F1868Part C标准(即GB/T 11048标准)测试Clo值,具体包括:将样包2覆盖在面积为A的试验板上,用加热功率H对试验板进行加热;待温度稳定后,记录试验板表面的温度Tm和环境温度(空气温度)Ta;计算热阻R,R=[A×(Tm-Ta)/(H-ΔH)]-R0;其中,ΔH为预先测定的加热功率修正量,R0为预先测定的热阻修正量;相应的,可得Clo值=6.451R。
3)耐水洗性
将测试过Clo值的样包2按照ISO6330Han标准水洗30次,然后将其装入翻滚烘干机烘干40min,再次测试其Clo值,并计算热阻保持率(%)=100×(水洗后的Clo值)/(水洗前的Clo值);其中,水洗采用FOM71CLS型的水平转鼓型洗衣机(购自Electrolux公司)进行,各步骤中搅拌程度为均柔和。
4)压缩回弹性
按照ASTM D6571-01(2001)标准测试样品的压缩回弹性,其具体包括:将样包1放在测厚仪的底盘上,按以上标准的要求在压盘中央施加0.41lb(磅)重量,记录样包1的初始厚度为A;继续按以上标准施加外加重量至16lb并放置24h后;移除外加重量至0.41lb,等待1h后记录样包1恢复后的厚度值C;计算短期压缩回弹率(%):100%×C/A。
3、具体实施例和对比例
用以上的原料制备各实施例和对比例的保温填充材料,具体如下:
实施例1:
取5kg弹性纤维1,充分开松后用成球机(HJZZM-100型珍珠棉机,购自昆山市海进机械有限公司)形成粒径2~20mm的球状纤维集合体,制得如图1所示的实施例1的保温填充材料。
实施例2:
取5kg弹性纤维2,充分开松后用成球机(HJZZM-100型珍珠棉机,购自昆山市海进机械有限公司)形成粒径2~20mm的球状纤维集合体,制得实施例2的保温填充材料。
实施例3:
取2.5kg弹性纤维2和2.5kg弹性纤维3,充分开松、混合后用成球机(HJZZM-100型珍珠棉机,购自昆山市海进机械有限公司)形成粒径2~20mm的球状纤维集合体,制得实施例3的保温填充材料。
对比例1:
取5kg非弹性纤维1,充分开松后用成球机(HJZZM-100型珍珠棉机,购自昆山市海进机械有限公司)形成粒径2~20mm的球状纤维集合体,制得对比例1的保温填充材料。
对比例2:
直接以灰鸭绒作为对比例2的保温填充材料。
4、性能测试结果
按照以上的性能测试方法,对各实施例和对比例的保温填充材料进行性能测试,具体结果如下:
1)保温性
按照以上方式测试各实施例和对比例样品的厚度和保温性,结果如图2所示。
可见,实施例1的样品的厚度和保温性均优于对比例样品。这表明,本发明的保温填充材料中,弹性纤维的存在造成了更大的蓬松度从而存留更多的静止空气以提供更好的保温性能。因此,本发明的保温填充材料在水洗前的蓬松度、保温性等均优于使用非弹性纤维的样品(对比例1)或使用天然羽绒的样品(对比例2)。
2)耐水洗性
按照以上方式测试各实施例和对比例样品的厚度和保温性,结果如图3所示。
可见,在水洗后,各实施例的样品的热阻保持率均在95%以上,而各对比例的样品的热阻保持率最高只有90%左右,甚至只有80%左右。这表明,本发明的保温填充材料在多次水洗后形态基本不会变化,仍然保持蓬松、均匀,从而性能也无明显变化,而现有的保温填充材料在水洗后均会明显发生缠结,从而导致性能明显降低。因此,与现有保温填充材料相比,本发明的保温填充材料具有优异的耐水洗性。
3)压缩回弹性
按照以上方式测试各实施例和对比例样品的压缩回弹率,结果如下表所示:
表1、各实施例和对比例的保温填充材料的短期压缩回弹率
样品 | 短期压缩回弹率(%) |
实施例1 | 94.2 |
实施例2 | 94.9 |
实施例3 | 95.7 |
对比例1 | 83.4 |
对比例2 | 77.6 |
可见,各实施例的样品的压缩回弹率均比各对比例的样品高10%以上。这表明,本发明的保温填充材料在变形后可迅速恢复原状,其在被压缩(如长期压缩保存)后保持原有性能的能力远强于现有的保温填充材料,耐久性更好。
总之,本发明的保温填充材料原有的蓬松度、保温性等性能很好,符合作为保温填充材料的要求;而在经过多次水洗后,该保温填充材料保温性等基本保持不变,表明其具有优异的耐水洗性,且其压缩回弹性也远好于现有的保温填充材料。因此,本发明的保温填充材料通过使用弹性纤维构成球状纤维集合体,获得了良好的耐水洗性、压缩回弹性等耐久性,可替代天然羽绒等现有的保温填充材料。
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (11)
1.一种具耐水洗性及压缩回弹性的保温填充材料,其特征在于,包括:
球状纤维集合体,其由弹性纤维构成;
所述弹性纤维的弹性伸长率在80~300%,弹性回复率在85~99%;
其中,在按照ISO6330 Han标准水洗30次并在翻滚烘干机烘干40min后,所述具耐水洗性及压缩回弹性的保温填充材料的热阻保持率在95%以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保温填充材料,其特征在于,
所述弹性纤维具有三维卷曲结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的保温填充材料,其特征在于,
所述三维卷曲结构的卷曲数在8~50个/25mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的保温填充材料,其特征在于,
所述弹性纤维的细度在0.5~7D。
5.根据权利要求1所述的保温填充材料,其特征在于,
所述弹性纤维的长度在15~75mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的保温填充材料,其特征在于,
所述弹性纤维包括聚酯纤维、聚烯烃纤维、聚氨酯纤维、聚乳酸纤维、聚醚酰胺纤维、双组份复合纤维中的任意一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的保温填充材料,其特征在于,
所述球状纤维集合体的粒径在2~20mm。
8.一种具耐水洗性及压缩回弹性的保温填充材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述具耐水洗性及压缩回弹性的保温填充材料为权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的具耐水洗性及压缩回弹性的保温填充材料,所述制备方法包括:
对所述弹性纤维进行成球,使其形成所述球状纤维集合体。
9.一种保温制品,其特征在于,包括:
包覆体,所述包覆体限定出封闭的内部空间;
填充在所述包覆体限定的封闭的内部空间中的保温填充材料;所述保温填充材料为权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的具耐水洗性及压缩回弹性的保温填充材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的保温制品,其特征在于,
所述包覆体为柔性包覆体。
11.根据权利要求9所述的保温制品,其特征在于,
所述保温制品为鞋、帽、衣服、枕头、被子、垫子、睡袋中的任意一种。
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