CN108157389A - 苗木移栽快速存活生根剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
苗木移栽快速存活生根剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing carboxylic groups or thio analogues thereof, directly attached by the carbon atom to a cycloaliphatic ring; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，由以下重量份数的各组分制备而成：γ‑聚谷氨酸100‑1000份，萘乙酸10‑150份，吲哚丁酸10‑80份，微量元素20‑40份，壳聚糖50‑100份，松脂酸铜2.5‑4.5份，戊唑醇1‑1.5份，纯净水3000份。优选地，生根剂中还包括钠基膨润土1000份，钠基膨润土与前述药液混合后得到糊状胶体的生根剂。本发明还提供了一种上述生根剂的制备方法。本发明的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，其克服了单一成分生根剂的不足，促进生根与抑菌防腐兼顾，促进生根壮根壮苗，提高成活率，适用于各种苗木移栽使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域，尤其涉及一种苗木移栽快速存活生根剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
凡是具有像内源生长素那样，促进生根的合成物质或者利于促进内源生长素形成及抑制生长素分解的化合物，都可以不同程度地促进生根，这些物质统称为生根剂。
近年来，生根类的产品运用越来越广泛。当前市面上生根剂类品种繁多，良莠不齐，特别是一些以植物生长调节剂起主要作用的产品，使用不当常会引起作物“只长根，不长果”，严重的甚至出现早衰现象。许多农户缺乏这方面的认识，在生根剂使用上栽了不少跟头，吃了不少亏。
因此，本领域的技术人员致力于开发一种通用性强的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是开发一种通用性强的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，由以下重量份数的各组分制备而成：γ-聚谷氨酸100-1000份，萘乙酸10-150份，吲哚丁酸10-80份，微量元素20-40份，壳聚糖50-100份，松脂酸铜2.5-4.5份，戊唑醇1-1.5份，纯净水3000份。
优选地，生根剂由以下重量份数的各组分制备而成：γ-聚谷氨酸100-500份，萘乙酸10-50份，吲哚丁酸10-30份，微量元素30-40份，壳聚糖50-80份，松脂酸铜2.5-3份，戊唑醇1-1.5份，纯净水3000份。
进一步优选地，生根剂由以下重量份数的各组分制备而成：γ-聚谷氨酸300份，萘乙酸10份，吲哚丁酸10份，微量元素40份，壳聚糖60份，松脂酸铜2.5份，戊唑醇1份，纯净水3000份。
优选地，该生根剂还包括钠基膨润土1000份，上述的各方案加入钠基膨润土后，生根剂为由各组分混合得到的糊状胶体。
进一步地，微量元素为硼砂、硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、硫酸锰、有机硅、钼酸铵中的一种或其中几种的混合物。
进一步地，γ-聚谷氨酸为γ-聚谷氨酸纯品、或γ-聚谷氨酸盐纯品、或包含γ-聚谷氨酸的发酵培养物。
以上原料中：
本发明的生根剂基本组分中的γ-聚谷氨酸是谷氨酸单体以γ-羧基与氨基相缩合的一种聚氨基酸，可被土壤中微生物降解，不会污染环境。γ-聚谷氨酸保水能力强，能有效的减缓根基土壤的重力失水和扩散失水、增加幼苗根部土壤的有效含水量，增强土壤的透水性和通气性，提高苗木移栽的成活率。γ-聚谷氨酸会在植株根毛表层形成一层保护膜，不但具有保护根毛的功能，更能有效的提高肥料的吸收，阻止硫酸根、磷酸根等与金属元素产生沉淀作用，使苗木能更有效的吸收土壤中磷、钙及微量元素，促进苗木根系的发育，加强抗病性。
本发明的生根剂含有多种微量元素，具有促进根根毛细胞分裂等功能，可以有效提高根毛的生长发育。
壳聚糖，对病菌具有较强的诱导生长力，同时将糖溶化后，利用其黏性将各组分黏合在一起并粘附在根部附近，增强各组分的稳定性，壳聚糖用作缓释载体，能够延长本发明各组分的持效期。
松脂酸铜是一种高效低毒广谱的新型杀菌铜制剂，持效期长，有预防保护和治疗双重作用，不仅能防治多种真菌，还是防治细菌病害的常用药剂，同时也有刺激植物生长的作用。戊唑醇是一种高效、广谱、内吸性三唑类杀菌农药，具有保护、治疗、铲除三大功能，杀菌谱广、持效期长。戊唑醇和松脂酸铜同时使用，相互弥补，能有效防治各种真菌和细菌引起的腐烂问题。
钠基膨润土是以蒙脱石为主要矿物成分的非金属矿产，在蒙脱石晶胞形成的层状结构存在某些阳离子，当钠基膨润土与水接触时，这些层间阳离子有一种向水中解离、扩散的趋势，随着阳离子的脱离，膨润土表面带负电，此时会对溶液中的阳离子产生静电吸附，其中一部分阳离子与钠基膨润土紧密相吸，形成吸附层，其余的阳离子带着它们的溶剂水均匀地分布在周围的液相中组成扩散层，借助钠基膨润土的这种双电层吸附特性，使杀菌剂、生根剂等组份被吸附聚集成凝聚物，具有很强的稳定性和持久的缓释性。
钠基膨润土作为本发明中的缓释剂，钠基膨润土与水接触时，可与微量元素、松脂酸铜、戊唑醇、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、壳聚糖形成的水合物充分融合，形成糊状胶体，性质稳定，减少了因浇水引起的有效成分流失，其缓释作用显著；利用钠基膨润土的吸湿膨胀特性，可使根部周围的水份含量保持相对稳定，减少喷水次数。
本发明还提供了一种苗木移栽快速存活生根剂的制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)根据重量份数称取各原料；
2)将γ-聚谷氨酸、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、微量元素、壳聚糖、松脂酸铜和戊唑醇溶于纯净水中，充分溶解后，调pH至6.5-7.5，获得药液。
进一步地，经步骤2)配制的药液中加入1000份钠基膨润土并搅拌，使钠基膨润土与药液充分融合，混合后得到糊状胶体。
本发明的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，其克服了单一成分生根剂的不足，适用于苗木移栽后快速生根萌芽，诱导植物不定根或不定芽的形成，促进生根与抑菌防腐兼顾，效果突出；促进生根壮根壮苗，提高成活率；促进植物移栽、扦插、嫁接后早发新根，缩短滞育缓、僵苗期，并且具有抗菌、保水的效果，适用于各种苗木移栽使用。
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的生根剂按重量份数含有以下成分：γ-聚谷氨酸100份，萘乙酸10份，吲哚丁酸10份，微量元素20份，壳聚糖50份，松脂酸铜2.5份，戊唑醇1份，纯净水3000份。
该生根剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)根据重量份数称取各原料；
2)将γ-聚谷氨酸、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、微量元素、壳聚糖、松脂酸铜和戊唑醇溶于纯净水中，充分溶解后，调pH至6.5-7.5，获得药液。
实施例2
本实施例的生根剂按重量份数含有以下成分：γ-聚谷氨酸1000份，萘乙酸150份，吲哚丁酸80份，微量元素40份，壳聚糖100份，松脂酸铜4.5份，戊唑醇1.5份，纯净水3000份。
该生根剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)根据重量份数称取各原料；
2)将γ-聚谷氨酸、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、微量元素、壳聚糖、松脂酸铜和戊唑醇溶于纯净水中，充分溶解后，调pH至6.5-7.5，获得药液。
实施例3
本实施例的生根剂按重量份数含有以下成分：γ-聚谷氨酸500份，萘乙酸50份，吲哚丁酸30份，微量元素30份，壳聚糖80份，松脂酸铜3份，戊唑醇1.5份，纯净水3000份。
该生根剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)根据重量份数称取各原料；
2)将γ-聚谷氨酸、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、微量元素、壳聚糖、松脂酸铜和戊唑醇溶于纯净水中，充分溶解后，调pH至6.5-7.5，获得药液。
实施例4
本实施例的生根剂按重量份数含有以下成分：γ-聚谷氨酸300份，萘乙酸10份，吲哚丁酸10份，微量元素40份，壳聚糖60份，松脂酸铜2.5份，戊唑醇1份，纯净水3000份。
该生根剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)根据重量份数称取各原料；
2)将γ-聚谷氨酸、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、微量元素、壳聚糖、松脂酸铜和戊唑醇溶于纯净水中，充分溶解后，调pH至6.5-7.5，获得药液。
实施例5
本实施例的生根剂按重量份数含有以下成分：钠基膨润土1000份，γ-聚谷氨酸300份，萘乙酸10份，吲哚丁酸10份，微量元素40份，壳聚糖60份，松脂酸铜2.5份，戊唑醇1份，纯净水3000份。
该生根剂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)根据重量份数称取各原料；
2)将γ-聚谷氨酸、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、微量元素、壳聚糖、松脂酸铜和戊唑醇溶于纯净水中，充分溶解后，调pH至6.5-7.5，获得药液。
3)步骤2)配制的药液中加入1000份钠基膨润土并搅拌10min，使钠基膨润土与药液充分融合，混合后得到糊状胶体。
本发明的应用于苗木移栽的实际操作案例：
案例1：本发明的生根剂应用于桂花扦插
实施例1至实施例5的5种生根剂用于桂花扦插生根试验。选取桂花进行扦插试验，所述棵桂花被随机分成8个试验组，每个试验组100棵，清水浸泡为对照组1，上述配方中未添加γ-聚谷氨酸的为对照组2，上述配方中未添加萘乙酸与吲哚丁酸溶液浸泡为对照组3，使用本发明的生根剂的实施例1至实施例5分别对应实验组1至实验组5，其中，实施例1至实施例4为药液，采用喷淋的方式对根部处理，实施例5的生根剂为糊状胶体，通过速蘸的方式使根部附着有生根剂的胶体。30天后调查生根和成活状况。
本发明生根剂对桂花扦插生根数及成活数的影响如表1：
表1：桂花扦插生根数与成活率实验结果
| 组别 | 平均生根数(条) | 扦插成活数(％) |
| 对照组1 | 9.3 | 55 |
| 对照组2 | 12.5 | 63 |
| 对照组3 | 13.7 | 70 |
| 实验组1 | 19.4 | 80 |
| 实验组2 | 19.1 | 78 |
| 实验组3 | 20.5 | 82 |
| 实验组4 | 21.3 | 85 |
| 实验组5 | 21.2 | 84 |
由表1的数据可以看出，与对照组相比，生根剂中γ-聚谷氨酸与萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸等同时存在时，具有协同作用，可以显著提高桂花扦插的平均生根数和插穗成活数。实施例4与实施例5取得的结果最为理想。
案例2：本发明的生根剂应用于草莓苗移栽
实施例1至实施例5的5种生根剂用于桂花扦插生根试验。将制成的生根剂用于草莓苗的移栽实验。同一地点选择种植草莓苗每组各1000株，其中，实验组1至实验组4的草莓苗移栽时，将实施例1至实施例4的生根剂通过喷淋的方法进行根部处理，随后移栽；实验组5的草莓苗移栽时，实施例5的生根剂通过速蘸的方式附着于根部，随后移栽；对照组的草莓苗未进行根部处理即移栽。
定植后观察草莓的生长状况。生根剂的影响如表2：
表2：生根剂对草莓苗移栽的影响
| 缓苗时间 | 成活率 | |
| 实验组1 | 11天 | 98.90％ |
| 实验组2 | 12天 | 98.40％ |
| 实验组3 | 10天 | 99.10％ |
| 实验组4 | 9天 | 99.50％ |
| 实验组5 | 8天 | 99.60％ |
| 对照组 | 16天 | 91.50％ |
通过表2的数据可以看出，使用本发明的生根剂，使草莓苗缩短缓苗期5-8天不等，成活率显著提高。其中，采用实施例4和实施例5，获得了最高的成活率，相比对照组提高了近8％。通过添加钠基膨润土配置得到的胶体状生根剂，还使缓苗时间进一步缩短，这与该生根剂的保水缓释作用密切相关。
案例3：本发明的生根剂应用于牡丹扦插
将制成的生根剂用于牡丹扦插生根试验，选取7组牡丹进行扦插试验，所述牡丹被随机分成7个试验组，每个试验组100株，对照组1仅用清水处理，对照组2使用常用扦插生根剂即吲哚丁酸溶液，实验组1至实验组5分别采用实施例1至实施例5的生根剂，其中，实验组1至实验组4的牡丹扦插时，将实施例1至实施例4的生根剂采用喷淋的方式对牡丹插穗进行根部处理；实验组5的牡丹扦插时，将剪截好的牡丹插穗在制备好的糊状胶体中速蘸，使缓释抑菌生根剂均匀附着于插穗表面，形成药剂层。扦插45天后观察生根及腐烂情况，结果如表3：
表3：生根剂对牡丹扦插的影响
| 组别 | 生根率(％) | 腐烂率(％) | 愈伤率(％) |
| 对照组1 | 41 | 50 | 5 |
| 对照组2 | 73 | 28 | 11 |
| 实验组1 | 89 | 5 | 10 |
| 实验组2 | 88 | 7 | 10 |
| 实验组3 | 92 | 5 | 10 |
| 实验组4 | 95 | 0 | 10 |
| 实验组5 | 95 | 0 | 10 |
由上述结果可以看出，使用本实施例配制的生根剂，能够显著提高牡丹的生根率，抑菌防腐烂效果也非常明显。其中，实施例4和实施例5对应的两个生根剂的实验组，腐烂率均控制在0，说明其具有非常突出的抑菌防腐效果，这是在之前实验中没有预料到的。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份数的各组分制备而成：
γ-聚谷氨酸100-1000份，萘乙酸10-150份，吲哚丁酸10-80份，微量元素20-40份，壳聚糖50-100份，松脂酸铜2.5-4.5份，戊唑醇1-1.5份，纯净水3000份。
2.如权利要求1所述的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份数的各组分制备而成：
γ-聚谷氨酸100-500份，萘乙酸10-50份，吲哚丁酸10-30份，微量元素30-40份，壳聚糖50-80份，松脂酸铜2.5-3份，戊唑醇1-1.5份，纯净水3000份。
3.如权利要求1所述的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份数的各组分制备而成：
γ-聚谷氨酸300份，萘乙酸10份，吲哚丁酸10份，微量元素40份，壳聚糖60份，松脂酸铜2.5份，戊唑醇1份，纯净水3000份。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一所述的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，其特征在于，还包括钠基膨润土1000份，所述生根剂为由各组分混合得到的糊状胶体。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一所述的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，其特征在于，所述微量元素为硼砂、硫酸锌、硫酸镁、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、硫酸锰、有机硅、钼酸铵中的一种或其中几种的混合物。
6.如权利要求1-3中任一所述的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂，其特征在于，所述γ-聚谷氨酸为γ-聚谷氨酸纯品、或γ-聚谷氨酸盐纯品、或包含γ-聚谷氨酸的发酵培养物。
7.如权利要求1-3中任一所述的苗木移栽快速存活生根剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
1)根据重量份数称取各原料；
2)将γ-聚谷氨酸、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、微量元素、壳聚糖、松脂酸铜和戊唑醇溶于纯净水中，充分溶解后，调pH至6.5-7.5，获得药液。
8.如权利要求7中所述的制备方法，其特征在于，经步骤2)配制的药液中加入1000份钠基膨润土并搅拌，使钠基膨润土与药液充分融合，混合后得到糊状胶体。
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| CN109699430A (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-03 | 深圳市荣燊花木有限公司 | 一种蝴蝶兰的栽培方法 |
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