CN108153332A - Trace simulation system based on big envelope curve game strategies - Google Patents
Trace simulation system based on big envelope curve game strategies Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及飞行器自动控制领域,提出基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统方法,旨在解决飞行装置机动决策策略及其轨迹进行快速预估问题,系统包括:态势感知与决策模块配置为获取飞行装置的姿态数据,并根据上述姿态数据选取不同的战术任务;异常管理模块配置为根据上述飞行装置姿态数据和预设的多种机动飞行任务对上述飞行装置进行飞行任务切换;实时机动飞行模块配置为根据上述姿态数据和飞行轨迹计算上述飞行装置在飞行中各飞行子动作的控制,形成目标姿态和目标轨迹和目标轨迹解算模块配置为利用多自由度方程对上述目标姿态和上述目标轨迹进行解算,实现上述飞行装置的目标轨迹的输出;实现飞行装置机动决策策略及其轨迹进行快速预估。
The invention relates to the field of automatic control of aircraft, and proposes a trajectory simulation system method based on a large envelope game strategy, aiming to solve the problem of rapid estimation of the maneuvering decision-making strategy and trajectory of the flight device. The system includes: a situation awareness and decision-making module configured to obtain flight The attitude data of the device, and select different tactical tasks according to the above attitude data; the abnormality management module is configured to switch the flight task of the above-mentioned flying device according to the attitude data of the above-mentioned flying device and various preset maneuvering missions; the real-time maneuvering module configuration In order to calculate the control of each flight sub-action of the above-mentioned flying device in flight according to the above-mentioned attitude data and the flight trajectory, the formation of the target attitude and the target trajectory and the target trajectory calculation module are configured to perform the above-mentioned target attitude and the above-mentioned target trajectory using a multi-degree-of-freedom equation. Solve the calculation to realize the output of the target trajectory of the above-mentioned flying device; realize the rapid estimation of the maneuvering decision-making strategy of the flying device and its trajectory.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及自动控制技术领域,具体涉及飞行器飞行轨迹预测,特别涉及一种基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统。The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control, in particular to aircraft flight trajectory prediction, in particular to a trajectory simulation system based on a large envelope game strategy.
背景技术Background technique
飞行包线是以飞行速度、高度和过载等作为界限的封闭几何图形,用以表示飞机或飞行器的飞行范围和飞行限制条件。随着无人飞行器技术的发展,其功能越来越强大,使用范围不断扩展,使得飞行包线越来越大。通常在大气层内(2万米以内)以及大气层边缘临近空间飞行,飞行速度变化较大,同时还存在主动机动的策略。为了对于这类目标进行行为预测,需要在大包线内对其博弈机动决策行为进行快速模拟,以预测其未来轨迹。The flight envelope is a closed geometric figure bounded by flight speed, altitude and overload, which is used to represent the flight range and flight restrictions of an aircraft or aircraft. With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, its functions are becoming more and more powerful, and the scope of use is expanding, making the flight envelope larger and larger. Usually flying in the atmosphere (within 20,000 meters) and near the edge of the atmosphere, the flight speed changes greatly, and there are active maneuvering strategies. In order to predict the behavior of this type of target, it is necessary to quickly simulate its game maneuvering decision-making behavior within the large envelope to predict its future trajectory.
当前,智能飞行器因具有灵活的机动飞行策略,因飞行环境不同,其飞行轨迹而发生不同变化。在博弈对抗中,对抗方需要对智能飞行器进行跟踪监视,并期望预测其轨迹,以便为后续行为提供依据。因此需要一种面向大包线博弈智能飞行器轨迹预测的机动决策策略及其轨迹的快速模拟方法,以便预估这种飞行器的行为及其轨迹。At present, due to the flexible maneuvering flight strategy of intelligent aircraft, its flight trajectory changes in different ways due to different flight environments. In the game confrontation, the opponent needs to track and monitor the intelligent aerial vehicle, and expects to predict its trajectory in order to provide a basis for subsequent actions. Therefore, there is a need for a maneuvering decision-making strategy and a fast simulation method for the trajectory prediction of intelligent aircraft in the large-envelope game in order to predict the behavior and trajectory of the aircraft.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题,即为了解决飞行器对抗博弈中对飞行器的飞行机动策略及其轨迹进行快速预估的问题,本申请提出一种基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统以解决上述问题:In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, in order to solve the problem of quickly predicting the flight maneuver strategy and trajectory of the aircraft in the aircraft confrontation game, this application proposes a trajectory simulation system based on the large envelope game strategy to solve The above question:
第一方面,本发明提供一种基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统。该系统包括:态势感知与决策模块、异常管理模块、实时机动飞行模块和目标轨迹解算模块;上述态势感知与决策模块,配置为获取飞行装置的姿态数据,并根据上述姿态数据选取不同的战术任务;上述异常管理模块,配置为根据上述飞行装置姿态数据和预设的多种战术任务的触发条件对上述飞行装置进行飞行任务切换;上述实时飞行模块,配置为根据上述姿态数据和飞行轨迹计算上述飞行装置在飞行中各飞行子动作的控制,形成目标姿态和目标轨迹;上述目标轨迹解算模块,配置为利用多自由度力学模型和运动方程对上述目标姿态和上述目标轨迹进行解算,实现上述飞行装置的目标轨迹的输出。In the first aspect, the present invention provides a trajectory simulation system based on a large envelope game strategy. The system includes: a situational awareness and decision-making module, an abnormality management module, a real-time maneuvering flight module, and a target trajectory calculation module; the above-mentioned situational awareness and decision-making module is configured to obtain the attitude data of the flying device, and select different tactics according to the above-mentioned attitude data Task; the above-mentioned abnormal management module is configured to switch the flight task of the above-mentioned flying device according to the attitude data of the above-mentioned flying device and the trigger conditions of various preset tactical tasks; the above-mentioned real-time flight module is configured to calculate according to the above-mentioned attitude data and flight trajectory The control of each flight sub-action of the above-mentioned flying device in flight forms a target attitude and a target trajectory; the above-mentioned target trajectory calculation module is configured to solve the above-mentioned target attitude and the above-mentioned target trajectory by using a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical model and a motion equation, The output of the target trajectory of the above-mentioned flying device is realized.
一些示例中,上述态势感知与决策模块包括:态势感知子模块、战术决策子模块和航路规划子模块,其中,上述态势感知子模块,配置为获取飞行装置的姿态数据,并根据上述姿态数据确定出飞行装置的飞行态势;上述战术决策子模块,配置为利用预设触发条件和优先级计算,根据上述飞行态势确定上述飞行装置的战术任务;上述航路规划子模块,配置为根据机动飞行任务和应急飞行航路计算上述机动飞行任务的机动动作切换条件及战术任务的规划。In some examples, the aforementioned situational awareness and decision-making module includes: a situational awareness sub-module, a tactical decision-making sub-module, and a route planning sub-module, wherein the aforementioned situational awareness sub-module is configured to obtain the attitude data of the flying device, and determine according to the aforementioned attitude data The flight situation of the flying device; the above-mentioned tactical decision-making submodule is configured to determine the tactical task of the above-mentioned flying device according to the above-mentioned flight situation by using preset trigger conditions and priority calculations; The emergency flight route calculates the maneuver switching conditions of the above maneuver missions and the planning of tactical missions.
在一些示例中,上述战术子模块根据预设的触发条件和优先级计算从上述战术任务中选取下列任一飞行战术:逃逸飞行战术、紧急机动规避战术和正常飞行战术。In some examples, the tactical submodule selects any of the following flight tactics from the tactical tasks according to preset trigger conditions and priority calculations: escape flight tactics, emergency maneuver avoidance tactics and normal flight tactics.
在一些示例中,上述航路规划子模块,进一步配置为利用规划约束条件,通过A*算法实现对上述机动动作切换条件及战术任务的规划。In some examples, the above route planning sub-module is further configured to implement the planning of the above maneuver switching conditions and tactical tasks through the A* algorithm by using planning constraints.
在一些示例中,上述异常管理模块包括管理调度子模块和状态估计子模块,其中,上述管理调度子模块,配置为根据机动飞行任务和姿态数据对飞行任务进行典型故障、飞行异常管理,以或实现飞行任务的启动、停止、切换;上述状态估计子模块,配置为对目标运动的运行条件和运动异常进行检测,根据检测结果对飞行装置的典型故障进行监测评估。In some examples, the above abnormal management module includes a management scheduling submodule and a state estimation submodule, wherein the above management scheduling submodule is configured to perform typical fault and flight abnormal management on the flight mission according to the maneuver flight mission and attitude data, and or Realize the start, stop, and switch of flight tasks; the above-mentioned state estimation sub-module is configured to detect the operating conditions and abnormal motion of the target motion, and monitor and evaluate typical faults of the flight device according to the detection results.
在一些示例中,上述实时飞行模块包括分层模态管理子模块、接口归一化子模块和指令生成子模块,其中,上述分层模态管理子模块,配置为采用分层的机动飞行任务库控制飞行子动作之间的切换条件、状态监视与状态跃迁管理;上述接口归一化子模块,配置为根据姿态参数和通过传感器检测到的与上述飞行装置的飞行相关的参数,计算飞行装置的负载,形成统一的目标运动控制输入接口;上述指令生成子模块,配置为根据不同飞行轨迹,计算不同阶段飞行子动作的控制参数以及子动作间的切换关系。In some examples, the real-time flight module includes a layered mode management submodule, an interface normalization submodule, and an instruction generation submodule, wherein the layered mode management submodule is configured to adopt a layered maneuver flight task The library controls the switching conditions, state monitoring and state transition management between the flight sub-actions; the above-mentioned interface normalization sub-module is configured to calculate the flying device according to the attitude parameters and the parameters related to the flight of the above-mentioned flying device detected by the sensor. load to form a unified target motion control input interface; the above command generation sub-module is configured to calculate the control parameters of different flight sub-actions and the switching relationship between sub-actions according to different flight trajectories.
在一些示例中,上述利用多自由度方程对上述目标姿态和上述目标轨迹进行解算,实现目标轨迹的输出,包括:根据以目标速度、轨迹倾斜角、轨迹偏航角、地理位置坐标XYZ为状态变量的多自由度目标运动动力学模型,对上述目标轨迹进行解算:In some examples, the above-mentioned multi-degree-of-freedom equation is used to solve the above-mentioned target attitude and the above-mentioned target trajectory to realize the output of the target trajectory, including: according to the target speed, trajectory inclination angle, trajectory yaw angle, and geographic location coordinates The multi-degree-of-freedom target motion dynamics model of state variables solves the above target trajectory:
其中,V,x,y,z,θ,ψ,φ,nx,nz,g依次为质心轴对地速度、地面坐标(x纵向距离、y侧向距离、z高度)、轨迹倾斜角、轨迹偏转角、绕速矢滚转角、切向过载、法向过载和重力加速度。Among them, V, x, y, z, θ, ψ, φ, n x , n z , g are in turn the velocity of the center of mass axis to the ground, the ground coordinates (x longitudinal distance, y lateral distance, z height), and track inclination angle , trajectory deflection angle, roll angle around velocity vector, tangential overload, normal overload and gravitational acceleration.
上述利用多自由度方程对上述目标姿态和上述轨迹进行解算,实现目标轨迹的输出,还包括采用平面坐标向球面坐标转化的方法,将六自由度运动方程求解的地理坐标XYZ,转化地球坐标系经度、纬度、高度。The above-mentioned use of multi-degree-of-freedom equations to solve the above-mentioned target attitude and the above-mentioned trajectory to realize the output of the target trajectory also includes the method of converting plane coordinates to spherical coordinates, converting the geographic coordinates XYZ obtained by the six-degree-of-freedom motion equation into earth coordinates Department of longitude, latitude, altitude.
上述利用多自由度方程对上述目标姿态和上述轨迹进行解算,实现目标轨迹的输出,包括:利用欧拉法或二阶插值计算法,采用不同插值帧率对目标参数进行插值计算,实现变帧率目标轨迹输出。The above-mentioned multi-degree-of-freedom equation is used to solve the above-mentioned target attitude and the above-mentioned trajectory to realize the output of the target trajectory, including: using the Euler method or the second-order interpolation calculation method, and using different interpolation frame rates to perform interpolation calculations on the target parameters. Frame rate target trajectory output.
本申请实施例提供的基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统,系统的态势感知与决策模块通过飞行装置的姿态选取飞行战术;异常管理模块用于切换飞行任务;实时飞行模块用于形成飞行装置目标姿态和目标轨迹,目标轨迹解算模块实现对目标轨迹的数据显示,实现了对抗博弈中对飞行装置机动决策策略及其轨迹进行快速预估,在一定时间和空间尺度下实现了对于目标运动造成的影响进行提前预判,提高飞行对抗行为的针对性和对抗效能。In the trajectory simulation system based on the large envelope game strategy provided by the embodiment of the present application, the situation awareness and decision-making module of the system selects flight tactics through the attitude of the flight device; the abnormal management module is used to switch flight tasks; the real-time flight module is used to form the flight device The target attitude and target trajectory, the target trajectory calculation module realizes the data display of the target trajectory, realizes the rapid estimation of the maneuvering decision-making strategy and trajectory of the flying device in the confrontation game, and realizes the target movement under a certain time and space scale. The impact will be predicted in advance to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of flight countermeasures.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本申请可以应用于其中的示例性系统架构图;FIG. 1 is an exemplary system architecture diagram to which the present application can be applied;
图2是根据本申请的基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统实施例的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the trajectory simulation system embodiment based on the large envelope game strategy of the present application;
图3是根据本申请的基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统的战术任务飞行方式决策示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the tactical task flight mode decision-making of the trajectory simulation system based on the large envelope game strategy according to the present application;
图4是根据本申请的基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统的飞行管理调度状态示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the flight management scheduling state of the trajectory simulation system based on the large envelope game strategy according to the present application;
图5是根据本申请的基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统的机动飞行分层控制示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical control of the maneuvering flight of the trajectory simulation system based on the large envelope game strategy according to the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是,这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理,并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1示出了可以应用本申请的基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统的实施例的示例性系统架构。FIG. 1 shows an exemplary system architecture of an embodiment of the trajectory simulation system based on the large envelope game strategy of the present application that can be applied.
如图1所示,系统架构可以包括数据采集设备101,网络102、执行机构103和服务器器104。网络102用以在数据采集设备101、执行机构103和服务器104之间提供通信链路的介质。网络102可以包括各种连接类型,例如有线、无线通信链路或者光纤电缆等等。As shown in FIG. 1 , the system architecture may include a data collection device 101 , a network 102 , an execution mechanism 103 and a server 104 . The network 102 is used as a medium for providing a communication link between the data collection device 101 , the executing agency 103 and the server 104 . Network 102 may include various connection types, such as wires, wireless communication links, or fiber optic cables, among others.
数据采集设备101用于采集与飞行器相关的数据,并将所采集的与飞行器相关的数据通过网络102发送到服务器104处理;上述数据采集设备101还可以与执行机构103通信连接,可以用于采集执行机构的状态信息,还可以直接根据所采集的与飞行器相关的数据控制执行机构的动作。上述数据采集设备101可以为各类传感设备,如,采集飞行器飞行的速度、转角、俯仰角,风速、高度、加速度等参数。The data acquisition device 101 is used to collect data related to the aircraft, and sends the collected data related to the aircraft to the server 104 for processing through the network 102; The status information of the actuator can also directly control the action of the actuator according to the collected data related to the aircraft. The above-mentioned data collection device 101 can be various types of sensing devices, such as collecting parameters such as speed, rotation angle, pitch angle, wind speed, altitude, and acceleration of the aircraft.
服务器104可以是提供各种服务的服务器,例如对数据采集设备101采集的数据进行处理,并控制执行机构103的运行的处理服务器。上述处理服务器可以是按照预设的逻辑或指令,根据采集到的数据信息对执行结构控制的各种控制器。例如,可以是由电子元器件构成的电子线路,或由处理器或微处理器为核心的电子控制装置,如单片机系统、可编程逻辑控制器、微型计算机等。还可以是具有数据处理以及控制功能的智能设备,如智能手机、平板电脑、膝上型便携计算机和台式计算机等等。The server 104 may be a server that provides various services, for example, a processing server that processes the data collected by the data collection device 101 and controls the operation of the actuator 103 . The above-mentioned processing server may be various controllers that control the execution structure according to the collected data information according to preset logic or instructions. For example, it can be an electronic circuit composed of electronic components, or an electronic control device with a processor or microprocessor as the core, such as a single-chip microcomputer system, programmable logic controller, microcomputer, etc. It can also be a smart device with data processing and control functions, such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, and the like.
上述执行机构103可以为各种驱动装置用于控制飞行器的运动,如各种气动装置、电动装置等。需要说明的是,本申请实施例所提供的基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统一般设置于服务器104中。The above-mentioned actuator 103 can be various driving devices for controlling the movement of the aircraft, such as various pneumatic devices, electric devices and the like. It should be noted that the trajectory simulation system based on the large envelope game strategy provided in the embodiment of the present application is generally set in the server 104 .
应该理解,图1中的数据采集设备、网络、执行机构和服务器的数目仅仅是示意性的。根据实现需要,可以具有任意数目的终端设备、网络、执行机构和服务器。It should be understood that the numbers of data acquisition devices, networks, actuators and servers in Fig. 1 are only illustrative. According to the realization needs, there can be any number of terminal devices, networks, executive agencies and servers.
继续参考图2,示出了根据本申请的基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统的一个实施例的示意性结构图。该基于大包线博弈策略的轨迹模拟系统包括:态势感知与决策模块、异常管理模块、实时机动飞行模块和目标轨迹解算模块;其中,上述态势感知与决策模块,配置为获取飞行装置的姿态数据,并根据上述姿态数据选取不同的战术任务;上述异常管理模块,配置为根据上述飞行装置姿态数据和预设的多种战术任务的触发条件对上述飞行装置进行飞行任务切换;上述实时飞行模块,配置为根据上述姿态数据和飞行轨迹计算上述飞行装置在飞行中各飞行子动作的控制,形成目标姿态和目标轨迹;上述目标轨迹解算模块,配置为利用多自由度力学模型和运动方程对上述目标姿态和上述目标轨迹进行解算,实现上述飞行装置的目标轨迹的输出。Continuing to refer to FIG. 2 , it shows a schematic structure diagram of an embodiment of a trajectory simulation system based on a large envelope game strategy according to the present application. The trajectory simulation system based on the large envelope game strategy includes: a situation awareness and decision-making module, an abnormal management module, a real-time maneuvering flight module, and a target trajectory calculation module; wherein, the above-mentioned situation awareness and decision-making module is configured to obtain the attitude of the flying device data, and select different tactical tasks according to the above-mentioned attitude data; the above-mentioned abnormal management module is configured to perform flight task switching on the above-mentioned flying device according to the above-mentioned flying device attitude data and preset trigger conditions of various tactical tasks; the above-mentioned real-time flight module , configured to calculate the control of each flight sub-action of the above-mentioned flying device in flight according to the above-mentioned attitude data and flight trajectory, to form a target attitude and a target trajectory; the above-mentioned target trajectory calculation module is configured to use a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical model and a motion equation to The target attitude and the target trajectory are calculated to realize the output of the target trajectory of the flying device.
在本实施例中,上述态势感知与决策模块包括:态势感知子模块、战术决策子模块和航路规划子模块,其中,上述态势感知子模块,配置为获取飞行装置的姿态数据,并根据上述姿态数据确定出飞行装置的飞行态势;上述战术决策子模块,配置为利用预设触发条件和优先级计算,根据上述飞行态势确定上述飞行装置的战术任务;上述航路规划子模块,配置为根据机动飞行任务和应急飞行航路计算上述机动飞行任务的机动动作切换条件及战术任务的规划。In this embodiment, the above-mentioned situational awareness and decision-making module includes: a situational awareness sub-module, a tactical decision-making sub-module, and a route planning sub-module, wherein the above-mentioned situational awareness sub-module is configured to obtain the attitude data of the flying device, and according to the above-mentioned attitude The data determines the flight situation of the flight device; the above-mentioned tactical decision-making sub-module is configured to determine the tactical task of the above-mentioned flight device according to the above-mentioned flight situation by using preset trigger conditions and priority calculation; the above-mentioned route planning sub-module is configured to Mission and emergency flight routes are used to calculate the maneuver switching conditions of the above-mentioned maneuver missions and the planning of tactical missions.
上述态势感知子模块获取飞行装置的姿态数据,可以为获取传感装置所采集的数据,还可以为获取服务器存储单元中存储的与飞行装置飞行相关的数据。上述姿态数据可以为飞行装置飞行中的参数,如利用陀螺仪获得的姿态角。上述姿态角是机体坐标系与地面惯性坐标系之间的夹角,使用横滚角(roll)、俯仰角(pitch)、偏航角(yaw)表示、上述横滚角φ为飞机对称平面与通过飞机机体纵轴的铅垂平面间的夹角;上述俯仰角θ为机体轴与地平面(水平面)之间的夹角,飞机抬头为正;上述偏航角ψ为机体轴在水平面上的投影与地轴之间的夹角,以机头右偏为正。利用上述姿态角可以确定出飞行装置或飞行器的飞行姿态。The aforementioned situational awareness sub-module acquires the attitude data of the flying device, which may be the data collected by the sensing device, or the data related to the flight of the flying device stored in the storage unit of the server. The above-mentioned attitude data may be parameters in flight of the flying device, such as attitude angle obtained by using a gyroscope. The above-mentioned attitude angle is the angle between the body coordinate system and the ground inertial coordinate system, expressed by roll angle (roll), pitch angle (pitch), and yaw angle (yaw). The included angle between the vertical planes passing through the longitudinal axis of the aircraft body; the above-mentioned pitch angle θ is the angle between the body axis and the ground plane (horizontal plane), and the aircraft head is positive; the above-mentioned yaw angle ψ is the angle of the body axis on the horizontal plane The angle between the projection and the earth's axis is positive when the nose is deflected to the right. The flight attitude of the flying device or aircraft can be determined by using the above attitude angle.
上述战术决策子模块中利用触发条件和优先级,根据飞行姿态确定战术任务。上述触发条件为预先设置的条件,当飞行参数或飞行姿态满足上述触发条件时,执行相应的动作或相应的战术。上述优先级为预设设置的动作级别或战术级别,当同时满足触发条件的两个战术任务,优先执行优先级高的战术任务。上述战术任务为飞行装置预先设置的飞行任务,如正常飞行、逃逸飞行、紧急机动规避、航路重规划等。作为示例,可以参考图3,示出了战术任务的飞行方式,有自动飞行和通过指令进行指挥的飞行。自动飞行中正常飞行、故障异常飞行和逃逸机动。在正常飞行中可以进行如平飞、上升下降、加减速、转弯等的目标运动训练任务。逃逸机动可以为掉头、蛇形机动、最大转弯逃逸、最小雷达暴露逃逸、俯冲地形跟随等的目标运动。在正常飞行中,如果检测到的姿态数据和飞行数据出发了危险触发条件进入逃逸机动飞行方式。通过触发了故障异常条件,进入故障异常飞行方式,如图4所示。In the above-mentioned tactical decision-making sub-module, trigger conditions and priorities are used to determine tactical tasks according to flight attitude. The above-mentioned trigger conditions are pre-set conditions, and when the flight parameters or flight attitude meet the above-mentioned trigger conditions, corresponding actions or corresponding tactics are executed. The above priority is the preset action level or tactical level. When two tactical tasks satisfy the trigger conditions at the same time, the tactical task with higher priority will be executed first. The above-mentioned tactical tasks are flight tasks preset by the flight device, such as normal flight, escape flight, emergency maneuver avoidance, route re-planning, etc. As an example, reference may be made to FIG. 3 , which shows the flight modes of tactical missions, including automatic flight and commanded flight. Normal flight, malfunction abnormal flight and escape maneuver in automatic flight. Target motion training tasks such as level flight, ascent and descent, acceleration and deceleration, and turning can be performed during normal flight. Escape maneuvers can be target movements such as U-turns, snake maneuvers, maximum turn escapes, minimum radar exposure escapes, dive terrain following, etc. In normal flight, if the detected attitude data and flight data trigger a dangerous trigger condition, it enters the escape maneuver flight mode. By triggering the fault abnormal condition, the fault abnormal flight mode is entered, as shown in FIG. 4 .
上述航路规划子模块根据飞行装置的飞行参数和姿态参数,对飞行装置进行机动飞行及应急飞行的航路计算。上述航路计算子模块利用规划约束条件,通过动态规划法以及启发式寻优搜索、遗传算法、人工神经网络、群体智能算法对飞行装置进行航路规划。具体地,通过A*算法实现对所述机动动作切换条件及战术任务的规划。这里,A*算法为A-star算法,通过分区搜索,以及根据检测到的环境参数、飞行参数和姿态参数利用根据预设的约束条件构建评价函数进行搜索,获得航路的算法。上述约束条件可以为地理地形、气象条件、对抗博弈方雷达和禁避飞区等等条件。上述评价函数可以由威胁、距离、机动能力的加权等构成。The above-mentioned route planning sub-module calculates the routes of maneuvering flight and emergency flight for the flying device according to the flight parameters and attitude parameters of the flying device. The route calculation sub-module uses planning constraints to plan routes for the flight device through dynamic programming, heuristic optimization search, genetic algorithm, artificial neural network, and swarm intelligence algorithm. Specifically, the A* algorithm is used to realize the planning of the maneuver switching conditions and tactical tasks. Here, the A* algorithm is the A-star algorithm, which is an algorithm to obtain the flight path through partition search and search based on the detected environmental parameters, flight parameters and attitude parameters using the evaluation function constructed according to the preset constraints. The above constraints may be conditions such as geographical terrain, meteorological conditions, the radar of the opposing player, and no-fly zones. The above-mentioned evaluation function may be composed of weights of threat, distance, maneuverability, and the like.
上述异常管理模块包括管理调度子模块和状态估计子模块。其中,上述管理调度子模块,配置为根据机动飞行任务和姿态数据对飞行任务进行典型故障、飞行异常管理,以实现飞行任务的启动、停止、切换;上述状态估计子模块,配置为对目标运动的运行条件和运动异常进行检测,根据检测结果对飞行装置的典型故障进行监测评估。The above-mentioned exception management module includes a management scheduling submodule and a state estimation submodule. Among them, the above-mentioned management scheduling sub-module is configured to manage the typical faults and flight abnormalities of the flight tasks according to the maneuvering flight tasks and attitude data, so as to realize the start, stop and switch of the flight tasks; the above-mentioned state estimation sub-module is configured to monitor the target movement The operating conditions and motion abnormalities are detected, and the typical faults of the flying device are monitored and evaluated according to the detection results.
上述管理调度子模块根据机动飞行任务和姿态数据对飞行装置的飞行目标任务进行管理。上述机动飞行任务可以为平飞、上升下降、加减速、转弯、旋转等任务或动作。可以利用上述机动飞行任务形成目标运动的训练任务。上述管理调度子模块对典型故障、飞行异常进行应急管理。具体可以为对飞行任务的启动、停止、切换等。The management and scheduling sub-module manages the flight target tasks of the flying device according to the maneuvering flight tasks and attitude data. The above-mentioned maneuver flight tasks may be tasks or actions such as level flight, ascent and descent, acceleration and deceleration, turning, and rotation. The maneuvering missions described above can be used to form training missions for target motion. The above-mentioned management and scheduling sub-module performs emergency management on typical faults and flight abnormalities. Specifically, it may be starting, stopping, and switching of flight tasks.
上述状态轨迹子模块对飞行状态进行评估,用于上述典型故障、飞行异常等飞行任务的紧急管理。上述对飞行状态的评估可以为根据采集到的飞行参数以及姿态参数,利用目标运动的初始条件、切换条件、终止条件和运动异常等对飞行装置进行检测,并对任务切换、飞行异常和典型故障进行评估。上述任务切换可以为飞行模态的切换,飞行模态可以为指令机动、防御机动、地面规划等飞行模态。各模态之间的切换可以依据飞行任务或是根据当前的飞行状态来主动选择,也可以依据系统的状态自动进入。上述飞行异常可以为博弈对抗双方相互碰撞、以及撞山、撞地等异常状况。飞行器典型故障可以为燃油不足、电力不足、雷达设备异常、雷达告警设备异常等。上述用于飞行任务状态切换和故障应急处理可以采用有限状态机进行管理调度。The above-mentioned state track sub-module evaluates the flight state and is used for the emergency management of the above-mentioned typical faults, flight abnormalities and other flight tasks. The above evaluation of the flight state can be based on the collected flight parameters and attitude parameters, using the initial conditions of the target movement, switching conditions, termination conditions and movement abnormalities to detect the flying device, and to detect task switching, flight abnormalities and typical faults to evaluate. The aforementioned task switching may be switching of flight modes, and the flight modes may be flight modes such as command maneuver, defensive maneuver, and ground planning. The switching between modes can be actively selected according to the flight mission or the current flight state, or can be entered automatically according to the state of the system. The above-mentioned flight abnormality can be a game against abnormal situations such as collisions between two parties, collisions with mountains, and ground. Typical faults of the aircraft can be fuel shortage, power shortage, abnormality of radar equipment, abnormality of radar warning equipment, etc. The above-mentioned flight task state switching and fault emergency processing can use a finite state machine for management and scheduling.
上述实时飞行模块包括分层模态管理子模块、接口归一化子模块和指令生成子模块,其中,上述分层模态管理子模块,配置为采用分层的机动飞行任务库,控制飞行子动作之间的切换条件、状态监视与状态跃迁管理;上述接口归一化子模块,配置为根据姿态参数和通过传感器检测到的与上述飞行装置的飞行相关的参数,计算飞行装置的负载,形成统一的目标运动控制输入接口;上述指令生成子模块,配置为根据不同飞行轨迹,计算不同阶段飞行子动作的控制参数以及子动作间的切换关系。The real-time flight module includes a layered mode management submodule, an interface normalization submodule and an instruction generation submodule, wherein the layered mode management submodule is configured to use a layered maneuver flight task library to control the flight submodule Switching conditions between actions, state monitoring and state transition management; the above-mentioned interface normalization sub-module is configured to calculate the load of the flying device according to the attitude parameters and the parameters related to the flight of the above-mentioned flying device detected by the sensor, forming A unified target motion control input interface; the above command generation sub-module is configured to calculate the control parameters of different flight sub-actions and the switching relationship between sub-actions according to different flight trajectories.
上述分层对上述机动飞行、飞行模态切换及状态管理分层的管理。具体地,可以对飞行装置任一飞行模态进行分层管理,可以为指令生成层、转换层、轨迹解算层,指令生成层可以是将机动动作指令分解为单一的运动模态的指令,通过指令的归一化管理生成机体坐标系参数;转换层将机体坐标系参数转换为地面惯性坐标系参数;轨迹解算层利用地面惯性坐标系参数显示出飞行轨迹。The above-mentioned layering manages the above-mentioned maneuvering flight, flight mode switching and state management layering. Specifically, any flight mode of the flying device can be managed hierarchically, which can be an instruction generation layer, a conversion layer, and a trajectory calculation layer. The instruction generation layer can be an instruction that decomposes maneuver instructions into a single movement mode. The parameters of the body coordinate system are generated through the normalized management of instructions; the conversion layer converts the parameters of the body coordinate system into parameters of the ground inertial coordinate system; the trajectory calculation layer uses the parameters of the ground inertial coordinate system to display the flight trajectory.
作为示例,如图5所示将机动飞行模态的飞行轨迹进行分层控制,第一为是机动飞行的子动作的模态管理算法,进行子动作之间的切换条件、状态监视与状态跃迁管理。第二层是过载归一化生成算法,将参数进行转换,第三层对轨迹进行解算。As an example, as shown in Figure 5, the flight trajectory of the maneuvering flight mode is controlled hierarchically. The first is the modal management algorithm of the sub-actions of the maneuvering flight, and the switching conditions, state monitoring and state transition between sub-actions are performed. manage. The second layer is the overload normalization generation algorithm, which converts the parameters, and the third layer solves the trajectory.
上述接口归一化子模块,根据姿态参数及飞行参数计算目标过载,形成统一的目标运动控制输入接口。具体地,上述接口归一化子模块可以采用目标推力、迎角、加减速、升力阻力系数、动压、空气密度、飞机质量和机翼面等参数,计算目标过载。The above-mentioned interface normalization sub-module calculates the target overload according to the attitude parameters and flight parameters, and forms a unified target motion control input interface. Specifically, the above-mentioned interface normalization sub-module can use parameters such as target thrust, angle of attack, acceleration and deceleration, lift-drag coefficient, dynamic pressure, air density, aircraft mass, and wing surface to calculate target overload.
上述指令生成子模块,根据不同轨迹,计算不同阶段子动作的控制参数(过载、绕速时的滚转角、俯仰角、偏航角和速度等)以及子动作间的切换关系。The above command generation sub-module calculates the control parameters of sub-actions in different stages (overload, roll angle, pitch angle, yaw angle and speed, etc.) and the switching relationship between sub-actions in different stages according to different trajectories.
上述目标轨迹解算模块利用多自由度力学模型和运动方程对所述目标姿态和所述目标轨迹进行解算,实现目标轨迹的输出。具体地可以为机动飞行六自由度动力学模型与运动方程算法,据以目标速度、轨迹倾斜角、轨迹偏航角、地理位置坐标XYZ为状态变量的多自由度目标运动动力学模型,对所述目标轨迹进行解算。可以将切向过载、法向过载、速矢的滚转角作为输入带入到下列计算式中,进行状态变量的导数计算;The target trajectory calculation module uses a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical model and a motion equation to calculate the target attitude and the target trajectory to realize the output of the target trajectory. Specifically, it can be a maneuvering flight six-degree-of-freedom dynamics model and a motion equation algorithm. According to a multi-degree-of-freedom target motion dynamics model with target speed, trajectory inclination angle, trajectory yaw angle, and geographic location coordinates XYZ as state variables, the Calculate the target trajectory. Tangential overload, normal overload, and roll angle of velocity vector can be brought into the following calculation formula as input to calculate the derivative of the state variable;
其中,V,x,y,z,θ,ψ,φ,nx,nz,g依次为质心轴对地速度、地面坐标(x纵向距离、y侧向距离、z高度)、轨迹倾斜角、轨迹偏转角、绕速矢滚转角、切向过载、法向过载和重力加速度。Among them, V, x, y, z, θ, ψ, φ, n x , n z , g are in turn the velocity of the center of mass axis to the ground, the ground coordinates (x longitudinal distance, y lateral distance, z height), and track inclination angle , trajectory deflection angle, roll angle around velocity vector, tangential overload, normal overload and gravitational acceleration.
可以采用平面坐标向球面坐标转化的方法,将六自由度运动方程求解的地理坐标XYZ,转化地球坐标系经度、纬度、高度。The method of transforming plane coordinates to spherical coordinates can be used to transform the geographic coordinates XYZ of the six-degree-of-freedom motion equation into the longitude, latitude, and height of the earth coordinate system.
实现目标轨迹的输出,包括:利用欧拉法或二阶插值计算法,采用不同插值帧率对目标参数进行插值计算,实现变帧率目标轨迹输出。Realizing the output of the target trajectory includes: using the Euler method or the second-order interpolation calculation method to perform interpolation calculation on the target parameters with different interpolation frame rates, so as to realize the variable frame rate target trajectory output.
根据上述变量的导数,利用四阶龙格库塔算法的非线性常微分方程数值积分算法,求解上述目标轨迹。具体可以是:According to the derivatives of the above variables, the above target trajectory is solved by using the nonlinear ordinary differential equation numerical integration algorithm of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. Specifically, it can be:
在已知方程导数和初值信息的前提下,求解微分方程的数值积分算法;令初始值表述如下:On the premise that the derivative of the equation and the initial value information are known, the numerical integration algorithm for solving the differential equation; let the initial value be expressed as follows:
y′=f(t,y),y(t0)=y0 y'=f(t,y), y(t 0 )=y 0
则,对于该问题的RK4由如下方程给出:Then, RK4 for this problem is given by the following equation:
其中,in,
k1=f(tn,yn)k 1 = f(t n , y n )
k4=f(tn+h,yn+hk3)k 4 =f(t n +h,y n +hk 3 )
yn+1由现在的值yn加上时间间隔(h)和一个估算的斜率的乘积决定。该斜率是以下斜率的加权平均:k1是时间段开始时的斜率;k2是时间段中点的斜率,通过欧拉法采用斜率k1来决定y在点的值;k3也是中点的斜率,但是这次采用斜率k2决定y值;k4是时间段终点的斜率,其y值用k3决定。当四个斜率取平均时,中点的斜率有更大的权值:y n+1 is determined from the current value of y n plus the product of the time interval (h) and an estimated slope. The slope is a weighted average of the following slopes: k1 is the slope at the beginning of the time period; k2 is the slope at the midpoint of the time period, and slope k1 is used by Euler's method to determine y at point k3 is also the slope of the midpoint, but this time the slope k2 is used to determine the y value; k4 is the slope of the end of the time period, and its y value is determined by k3. When the four slopes are averaged, the slope at the midpoint has more weight:
RK4法是四阶方法,每步的误差是h5阶,总积累误差为h4阶。The RK4 method is a fourth-order method, the error of each step is h5 order, and the total accumulated error is h4 order.
本申请的上述实施例提供的系统中,态势感知与决策模块通过飞行装置的姿态选取飞行战术;异常管理模块用于切换飞行任务;实时飞行模块用于形成飞行装置目标姿态和目标轨迹,目标轨迹解算模块实现对目标轨迹的数据显示,本发明实现了对抗博弈中对飞行装置机动决策策略及其轨迹进行快速预估。In the system provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application, the situational awareness and decision-making module selects flight tactics through the attitude of the flying device; the abnormal management module is used to switch flight tasks; the real-time flight module is used to form the target attitude and target trajectory of the flying device, and the target trajectory The calculation module realizes the data display of the target trajectory, and the invention realizes the rapid estimation of the maneuvering decision-making strategy and the trajectory of the flying device in the confrontation game.
至此,已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案,但是,本领域技术人员容易理解的是,本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下,本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换,这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but those skilled in the art will easily understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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