CN108142232A - A kind of paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method - Google Patents
A kind of paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108142232A CN108142232A CN201810062029.0A CN201810062029A CN108142232A CN 108142232 A CN108142232 A CN 108142232A CN 201810062029 A CN201810062029 A CN 201810062029A CN 108142232 A CN108142232 A CN 108142232A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/30—Ground coverings
- A01G13/32—Mats; Nets; Sheets or films
- A01G13/33—Sheets or films
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种寒地水稻覆膜覆土旱作方法，其中，该方法包括以下步骤：(1)播前整地阶段：对待种地面进行秋整地并做到一翻两旋或深松两旋，以使待种地面平坦，土块细碎，处于待播种状态；(2)覆膜：冬季，在生物降解膜上，采用环保粘胶粘贴水稻种子和肥料，之后仓储待铺；(3)铺膜覆土：向待种地面土壤中施加种肥和底肥，再将步骤(2)中粘贴有水稻种子的生物降解膜铺到地面，覆土后进行镇压，以确保土壤墒情，及早出苗；(4)后管理：播种后至采收前进行施叶面肥管理、病害管理、虫害管理及补水管理，之后进行水稻收获。该方法节水、省工、环保、经济、简单，同时省去了育苗、插秧、除草等复杂困难的环节，合理简化了种植程序。The present invention provides a method for dry farming of rice covered with film and soil in cold regions, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) Soil preparation stage before sowing: perform autumn soil preparation on the ground to be planted and perform one turning and two rotations or deep loosening and two rotations , so that the ground to be planted is flat, the soil clods are finely broken, and it is in a state to be sown; (2) Mulching film: In winter, on the biodegradable film, rice seeds and fertilizers are pasted with environmentally friendly adhesive, and then stored to be spread; (3) Laying Film covering soil: apply seed fertilizer and base fertilizer to the ground soil to be planted, and then spread the biodegradable film pasted with rice seeds in step (2) on the ground, and suppress after covering the soil to ensure soil moisture and early emergence; (4) Post-management: After sowing and before harvesting, foliar fertilizer management, disease management, pest management and water replenishment management are carried out, and then rice harvesting is carried out. The method is water-saving, labor-saving, environment-friendly, economical and simple, and at the same time, complicated and difficult links such as seedling raising, transplanting and weeding are omitted, and the planting procedure is reasonably simplified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming methods, belong to agricultural plantation technology field.
Background technology
Rice is the most important cereal crops in China, China there are about 70% agricultural water for Rice irrigation, but with
The growth of population, cities and towns and industrial expansion, the exacerbation of variation and the environmental pollution of global climate, for crop irrigation
Water resource is more and more deficienter, the development of serious threat crop particularly Rice Production.Therefore, rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method by
It is progressive enter people realization, rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting refer to during rice cropping do not have to seedling and rice transplanting, and directly will
Seed directly sowing dry land (or paddy field Honda) it is inner come rice-cultivating technology, compared with culturing and transplanting seedlings rice, the technology
There is water-saving, saving of labor, time saving, abridged edition, synergy, be suitable for low-lying easy flood, dry land area with heavy rainfall plantation coldly,
Dry land (corn price is sluggish) area shows and gradually develops widened trend, and still, rice dry-farming is in cultivation or exists not
Few problem, such as non-irrigated site preparation is laborious, and difficulty is big, easily grows weeds, and artificial weeding effect is poor etc..It can be seen that Rice In Drought Rice Nursery
Still having problems as technology needs to solve.
Invention content
In order to solve the disadvantage that above-mentioned and deficiency, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of paddy rice in cold region dry farming methods.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a kind of paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method, wherein, this method includes
Following steps：
(1) the seedbed preparation stage
It treats kind of ground to carry out autumn site preparation and accomplish that turning over two rotations or subsoiling two revolves, so as to treat kind of a ground even, soil block is thin
It is broken, in treating sowing state；
(2) overlay film
Winter on Biodegradable films, using environmentally friendly paste adhesive rice paddy seed and fertilizer, stores in a warehouse wait to spread later；
(3) plastic film mulch earthing
To treating to apply seed manure and base fertilizer in kind of surface soil, then the biodegradation that rice paddy seed will be pasted in step (2)
Film is taped against ground, is suppressed after earthing, to ensure soil moisture content, emerges early；
(4) it manages afterwards
It after planting carries out applying foliar fertilizer management, plant disease management, Pest management and moisturizing management to before harvesting, carries out water later
Rice harvests.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the diameter of the soil block is less than 2cm.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that step (2) is further included before rice paddy seed is pasted on Biodegradable films to rice
The operation that seed is pre-processed, the pretreatment specifically include following steps：
A, it basks seeds
It is more than 90% to select germination percentage, and germinating energy is more than 85%, and purity is more than 98%, and cleanliness is more than 98%,
Moisture is less than 14.5% rice paddy seed, and basks seeds in fair weather；
B, it chooses seeds
Pneumatic jig seed selection is carried out to seed obtained by step a, to remove the grass-seed in seed, impurity, not full grain and infected seed；So
Afterwards with sorting seed by salt water, floating sundries is pulled out；It is rinsed again with clear water；
C, it soaks seed
Bag block pattern row pattern will be soaked seed in seed soaking case, clear water is added in and do not had seed packet, treat that seed glume darkens, plant skin
Be translucent shape and when can be seen that white belly and embryo, and peelling off the glume grain of rice can nip off, and the grain of rice is twisted with the fingers in powdered and without hard core with hand,
Seed dressing or coating can be pulled out；
D, seed dressing or coating
The seed dressing is dresses seed using 16 phoxims or imidacloprid；
The coating is that seed obtained by step c is coated using draught-resistant seed coating agent, is dried in the shade after wrapping.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the time of basking seeds is 2-3 days.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the proportion of the brine is 1.13.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the clear water is rinsed to rinse 2-3 times.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the seed soaking pocket position seed soaking case side 15cm.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the addition clear water did not had seed packet 20cm.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the soaking temperature is 11-12 DEG C, and seed soaking time is 9-10 days.Wherein, it soaks seed
Process seed soaking band used and seed soaking case are the conventional equipment that this field uses.
The paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method that the application provides carries out seed dressing using 16 phoxims or imidacloprid can
To prevent mole cricket.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the dosage of the draught-resistant seed coating agent is the 2% of rice paddy seed weight.Wherein, it is used
Draught-resistant seed coating agent is the conventional medicine that this field uses, and the application does not make specific requirement, art technology to the draught-resistant seed coating agent
Personnel can need to select from existing draught-resistant seed coating agent according to actual job suitable medicament for the present invention, as long as protecting
Card can realize the purpose of the application.
In paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method provided herein, Biodegradable films used choosing in step (2)
From black environment protection biological degradable film biodegradable in the soil, start within three months to degrade after plastic film mulch, be dropped after 180 days
More than 90% solution, main material is PBAT, TPS and PLA etc..While the Biodegradable films apply environmental protection and smear viscose glue, need
The notch of twice 2-6cm is cut with cutter, for seed sprouting.
In paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method provided herein, in step (2) it is used environmental protection viscose glue for this
The conventional viscose glue that field uses, in the specific embodiment of the invention, environmental protection viscose glue used is the viscose glue of anhydrous ethanol solvent,
Without volatile organic compounds.
It is in life using viscous kind of machine in paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method provided herein, in step (2)
With environmentally friendly paste adhesive rice paddy seed and fertilizer on object degradative membrane, viscous kind of machine used is the conventional equipment that this field uses.Wherein,
The fertilizer being pasted in step (2) on Biodegradable films can be the seedlings tape handling agent such as seed manure, micro- fertilizer or insecticidal bactericide, paste
The purpose of these fertilizer is viscose glue exposed part stick to each other when Biodegradable films are rolled in order to prevent.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that in step (2), the spacing in the rows of the rice paddy seed is 30cm, line-spacing 20cm.
It, will using plastic film mulch drag links in step (3) in paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method provided herein
The Biodegradable films that rice paddy seed is pasted in step (2) are taped against ground, which sets for the routine that this field uses
Standby, to reverse the all-in-one machine of rotary cultivator and laminating machine composition, when use, needs the tractor using 60 horsepowers or more to be led
Draw.Method provided herein can form the environment of heat preservation, moisturizing after plastic film mulch earthing under film, be conducive to germination,
It is unearthed, growth.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that step (3) the plastic film mulch earthing opportunity for 0-5cm soil stabilizations by 8 DEG C when；
The thickness of earth covering is 2cm；
The dosage of the rice paddy seed is 7-10 kilograms per acre.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the sowing time of the Northeast is 15-May 15 April.
Wherein, the tiller according to rice paddy seed is needed in paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method provided herein
Power and mass of 1000 kernel and cultivation condition determine the dosage of rice paddy seed, and ensure that every square metre of number of productive ear exists during harvest as far as possible
550 Miho or so.
In one embodiment, the rice paddy seed used in the present invention is selected from drought resistance is strong, cold resistance is good, blast resisting ability
By force, the precocious rice varieties that tillering ability is medium, plant is shorter and lodging tolerance is strong；
Preferably, the rice paddy seed includes one or more of imperial round-grained rice 39, imperial round-grained rice 47, imperial 54 and three river of round-grained rice two.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the seed manure and base fertilizer are layered the lower section for being applied to rice paddy seed and side-lower；
The base fertilizer is selected from the rice dry-farming special fertilizer that N, P, K total content are more than 42wt%, and dose is 30- per acre
40 kilograms；
The seed manure is rice special dry farming seed manure or active bacteria nutritional agents seed manure, and dose is 5-10 kilograms per acre.
Wherein, the rice dry-farming special fertilizer as base fertilizer is the conventional substances that this field uses, and those skilled in the art can be according to need
To be screened from existing rice dry-farming special fertilizer N, P, K total content be more than 42wt% rice dry-farming special fertilizer the bottom of as
Fertilizer；The conventional substances that rice special dry farming seed manure or active bacteria nutritional agents seed manure as seed manure are also used for this field.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the plant disease management includes the management of rice blast and false smut, wherein, rice blast
Control method be：In full heading time, 70kg sprays are watered with the tricyclazole 75-100g of 20% (active constituent content, wt%) per acre
Mist is watered 50L in cut phase or beginning stadium and full heading time respectively spray one with 2% (active constituent content, wt%) kasumin 100mL
It is secondary；
The control method of false smut is：In rice booting later stage and cut phase, per acre with 25% (active constituent content,
Wt%) triadimefon wettable powder 50g is watered 50L sprayings or 3-6 days before the rice cut phase, per acre with 23% (active ingredient
Content, wt%) network ammonia copper water agent 180mL be watered 100L spraying.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the moisturizing management includes：Soil moisture content is less than the 65% of maximum water holding capacity
(wt%) moisturizing is needed when, and when field capacity can be without moisturizing higher than 80% (wt%).Wherein, Upland Rice must satisfy plant
Strain is in six period growth and development water such as tiller, jointing, booting, heading, flowering, grouting, therefore timely and appropriate discovery carries out moisturizing
It is particularly important to drought rice.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that the Pest management includes the management of scotellaris and striped rice borer, wherein, ground drought of trembling with fear
It is scotellaris larva full incidence period mid-June to make area, uses 50% (active constituent content, the wt%) of 100mL or 100g per acre at this time
Kill 14 missible oil of snout moth's larva, 50% (active constituent content, wt%) phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 25% (active constituent content, wt%) quinalphos breast
Oil spraying；
When mid-June is seen Chilo spp larvae withered sheath in cold ground Dryland, per acre with 18% (active constituent content, wt%) desinsection
Double aqua 280mL are watered spraying with 40% (active constituent content, wt%) chlorine worm, 61 Diacloden water dispersible granules 8g.Wherein,
Pesticide concentration involved by the application is the weight percentage of active ingredient, is using the total weight of pesticide used as base
What standard was calculated.
In one embodiment, it is preferable that described to apply foliar fertilizer management and include：Plant disease management, worm are combined after in the watery stage
Evil management sprays foliar fertilizer 2-3 times；
It is highly preferred that the foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate and brassin.Wherein, apply to potassium dihydrogen phosphate and rape
The dosage of element does not make specific requirement, and those skilled in the art can need rationally to set its dosage according to field operation, as long as protecting
Card can achieve the object of the present invention.
Paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method provided by the present invention is water-saving, saving of labor, environmental protection, economy, simple, saves simultaneously
The link that nursery, rice transplanting, weeding etc. are complicated difficult is gone, Rational Simplification plantation program.
As a result of film coating technique, the dry farming method provided by the present invention can exempt grass, without using any weeding
Agent, the harm of also controllable malignant weed, while bird pest, the plague of rats can be also avoided, Low seeding rate drops；Because this method does not use weeding
Agent, plant strain growth are healthy and strong；And earthing is uniform, consistency of thickness, and plant tillering section position is low and angle is big, well developed root system, and growth is prosperous
It contains, can achieve higher output.
In addition, this method provided by the present invention can also inhibit the volatilization of fertilizer, and then substantially increase the profit of fertilizer
With rate.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical characteristic, purpose and the advantageous effect to the present invention are more clearly understood, in conjunction in detail below
Embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is carried out it is described further below, but it is not intended that the present invention can practical range limit
It is fixed.
Embodiment 1
A kind of paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method is present embodiments provided, wherein, this method includes the following steps：
(1) selection and pretreatment in seedbed preparation stage, rice paddy seed
It treats kind of ground to carry out autumn site preparation and accomplish that turning over two rotations or subsoiling two revolves, so as to treat kind of a ground even, soil block is thin
Broken (diameter of soil block be less than 2cm), in treating sowing state；
In the present embodiment rice paddy seed used selected from drought resistance is strong, cold resistance is good, blast resisting ability is strong, in tillering ability
The strong precocious rice varieties of shorter and lodging tolerance Deng, plant；
Such as：Three rivers two.
Selected suitable rice paddy seed is pre-processed, specifically includes following steps：
A, it basks seeds
It is more than 90% to select germination percentage, and germinating energy is more than 85%, and purity is more than 98%, and cleanliness is more than 98%,
Moisture is less than 14.5% rice paddy seed, and basks seeds 2-3 days in fair weather；
B, pneumatic jig is chosen seeds
Pneumatic jig seed selection is carried out to seed obtained by step a, to remove the grass-seed in seed, impurity, not full grain and infected seed；So
It is afterwards 1.13 to sort seed by salt water with proportion, pulls floating sundries out；It is rinsed 2-3 times with clear water again；
C, it soaks seed
Bag block pattern row pattern will be soaked seed in seed soaking case and ensure the pocket position seed soaking case side 15cm that soaks seed, clear water is added in and do not had seed
Bag 20cm, soaks seed 9-10 days in 11-12 DEG C, treats that seed glume darkens, and plants skin and is translucent and shape and can be seen that white belly and kind
During embryo, peelling off the glume grain of rice can nip off, and twist with the fingers the grain of rice in powdered and without hard core with hand, you can pull seed dressing out (using 16 phoxims
Or imidacloprid is dressed seed) or coating；
D, it is coated
Seed obtained by step c is coated using draught-resistant seed coating agent, wherein, the dosage of draught-resistant seed coating agent used is rice
The 2% of seed weight dries in the shade after wrapping；
(2) overlay film
Winter, on Biodegradable films, using viscous kind of machine (specification 5.2mx2.1mx2.1m) with environmentally friendly paste adhesive water
Rice and fertilizer store in a warehouse wait to spread later；Wherein, Biodegradable films used are black environmental protection type biodegradable film, and width is
2.4m, 7 row rice paddy seed of Pasting, spacing in the rows 30cm, line-spacing 20cm are cut while degradative membrane smears viscose glue with cutter
Twice 2-6cm notch, for seed sprouting；
(3) plastic film mulch earthing
To treating to apply seed manure and base fertilizer in kind of surface soil, the seed manure and base fertilizer be layered the lower section that is applied to rice paddy seed and
Side-lower；
The base fertilizer is selected from the rice dry-farming special fertilizer that N, P, K total content are more than 42wt%, and dose is 30- per acre
40 kilograms；
The seed manure is rice special dry farming (active bacteria nutritional agents) seed manure, and dose is 5-10 kilograms per acre；
Then at 0-5cm soil stabilizations by 8 DEG C (sowing time of the Northeast be 15-May 15 April) when, utilize paving
The Biodegradable films for being pasted with rice paddy seed are taped against ground by film drag links (specification 2.9mx2.5mx1.4m), and earthing 2cm is left
It is suppressed behind the right side, to ensure soil moisture content, is emerged early；
The dosage of the rice paddy seed is 7-10 kilograms per acre；
(4) it manages afterwards
It after planting carries out applying foliar fertilizer management, plant disease management, Pest management and moisturizing management to before harvesting, carries out water later
Rice harvests；
Wherein, the plant disease management includes the management of rice blast and false smut, and the control method of rice blast is：In neat fringe
Phase, per acre with 20% tricyclazole 75-100g be watered 70kg sprayings or with 2% kasumin 100mL be watered 50L in the cut phase or
Respectively spray is primary for beginning stadium and full heading time；
The control method of false smut is：In rice booting later stage and cut phase, per acre with 25% triadimefon wettable powder
50g is watered 50L sprayings or 3-6 days before the rice cut phase, is watered 100L sprayings with 23% network ammonia copper water agent 180mL per acre；
The moisturizing management includes：Soil moisture content needs moisturizing when being less than the 65% of maximum water holding capacity, and when field is held
Water can be without moisturizing higher than 80%；
The Pest management includes the management of scotellaris and striped rice borer, wherein, ground Dryland mid-June of trembling with fear is scotellaris children
Worm full incidence period kills 14 missible oil of snout moth's larva, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 25% quintiofos cream with the 50% of 100mL or 100g per acre at this time
Spraying；
When mid-June is seen Chilo spp larvae withered sheath in cold ground Dryland, per acre with 18% dimehypo water solution 280mL or with 40%
61 Diacloden water dispersible granules 8g of chlorine worm is watered spraying；
In addition, this method combines plant disease management after being additionally included in the pustulation period, Pest management sprays foliar fertilizer 2-3 times, institute
Include potassium dihydrogen phosphate and brassin with foliar fertilizer.
Test case
The rice kernel 1.5kg that will be planted and harvest using paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method provided by the present invention
Send to Ministry of Agriculture's cereal and quality of item supervisory detection test center (Harbin) it is carried out respectively gel consistence, taste evaluation,
Amylose (accounting for sample dry weight), amylopectin (accounting for sample dry weight) and crude protein (butt) detection, specific testing result such as table 1
It is shown.
Table 1
Sample number into spectrum：2016B2673
Wherein, albumen conversion factor is 5.95.
From table 1 it follows that it plants and harvests using paddy rice in cold region overlay film earthing dry farming method provided by the present invention
Obtained rice kernel has preferable gel consistence, and taste evaluation is up to 83 points；Meanwhile the amylose of the rice kernel contains
Amount is only 19.22%, and amylopectin content is higher, is 77.83%, it is known that its suppleness, elasticity are preferable；In addition, this is big
The crude protein content of rice seed is 8.35%, it is known that its is good in taste.
Claims (10)
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| CN109618848A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-16 | 哈尔滨福万民农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of wet pipe method of dry seeded rice |
| CN112021106A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-04 | 灯塔市荣耀农业发展有限公司 | A method of planting upland rice |
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| CN109618848A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-16 | 哈尔滨福万民农业科技有限责任公司 | A kind of wet pipe method of dry seeded rice |
| CN112021106A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-04 | 灯塔市荣耀农业发展有限公司 | A method of planting upland rice |
| CN112425470A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-02 | 中国水稻研究所 | Rice film mulching machine transplanting integrated cultivation method |
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