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CN108139147A - For compressing and cooling down the system of the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system and device - Google Patents

For compressing and cooling down the system of the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108139147A
CN108139147A CN201680058838.3A CN201680058838A CN108139147A CN 108139147 A CN108139147 A CN 108139147A CN 201680058838 A CN201680058838 A CN 201680058838A CN 108139147 A CN108139147 A CN 108139147A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
air
stage
compression
compressed
compressibility
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201680058838.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
C·L·施瓦尔茨
A·F·阿卜杜勒瓦哈卜
L·J·罗斯
G·W·亨茨勒
H·E·霍华德
T·J·克洛维
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN108139147A publication Critical patent/CN108139147A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0261—Surge control by varying driving speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0269—Surge control by changing flow path between different stages or between a plurality of compressors; load distribution between compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/266—Rotors specially for elastic fluids mounting compressor rotors on shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/48—Control
    • F04F5/52—Control of evacuating pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04133—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
    • F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05D2260/31—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F05D2260/311—Retaining bolts or nuts of the frangible or shear type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
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Abstract

It is used to using at least two variable speed compressors of series control directly driving component carrying out the system of feed air stream compression and device the present invention provides a kind of.First variable speed drives device assembly directly drives at least one of low pressure compressor compression stage, and the second variable speed drives device assembly directly drives the high pressure compressed grade being arranged in the universal air compressibility of air separation equipment or Split type air compressibility.The first variable speed drives device assembly and the second variable speed drives device assembly are preferably higher speed gear electric motor assembly, each electric motor assembly is respectively provided with motor body, motor case and motor drive shaft, and the motor drive shaft has the one or more impellers for passing through sacrificial positive coupling directly and being rigidly coupled to the motor drive shaft.

Description

For compress and cool down the system of the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system and Device
Technical field
The present invention relates to the compression of feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system, and relate more specifically to using series connection At least two of control directly drive compression assembly to compress the method for feed air stream.
Background technology
Cryogenic air separation is the process to consume energy very much, since it is desired that generation high pressure, the low-down air stream of temperature and drive Move a large amount of refrigeration needed for the process.In typical low temp air fractionation system, feed air stream passes through main air compressor (MAC) it arranges to obtain desired medial exhaust pressure and flow.It, usually will be grey via air filter before this compression Dirt and other pollutants are removed from feed air stream, which is generally arranged in suction filter shell.Filtering Air stream compressed in multistage MAC compression arrangements, be usually compressed to about 6 bars of minimum pressure and usually in higher pressure It is compressed under power.Then compressed feed air stream is purified in pre-purification unit high to be removed from feed air stream Boiling contaminants.Usually there is such pre-purification unit adsorbent bed to adsorb the pollution of such as water vapour, carbon dioxide and hydro carbons Object.In many air separation equipments, feed air stream of compressed purifying or part thereof is in a series of booster air compressors (BAC) higher discharge pressure is further compressed in arranging.In traditional air separation equipment, MAC compression arrangements position In the upstream of pre-purification unit, and BAC cloth is setting in the downstream of pre-purification unit.
Then the feed air stream of compressed or further compressed purifying is cooled down and is separated into multiple destilling towers Oxygen-enriched fraction, rich nitrogen fraction and rich Argon fraction, these destilling towers may include high-pressure tower, lower pressure column and optionally argon column (does not show Go out).As described above, before such distillation, the feed air stream of compressed prepurification is typically split into multiple compressed pre- pure The feed air stream of change, some of which or whole are subsequently sent to multistage BAC compression arrangements and are boiled with obtaining by destilling tower system The desired pressure united needed for the oxygen generated.Including the multiple compressed pre- pure of any further feed air stream for compressing prepurification Then the feed air stream of change is cooled to carry out rectifying in distillation column system in primary heat exchanger or main heat exchanger Temperature.The source that multiple feed air streams are cooled down in primary heat exchanger generally includes one kind generated by distillation column system or more Kind waste stream and any supplement refrigeration generated by cold turbine and hot turbine arrangement, as described below.
Then multiple air streams through cooling compression are guided to double tower or three tower cryogenic distillation of air Tower Systems, the system Including being thermally connected with lower pressure column or the high-pressure tower coupled and optional argon column.Before high-pressure tower and lower pressure column is entered, any liquid State air stream can all expand in joule-thompson valve, and low temperature product is generated (including liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen and/or liquid to generate Argon) needed for further refrigeration.
In the air gas separation unit designed for generating a large amount of liquid products (such as liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen and liquid argon), it is necessary to A large amount of supplement refrigeration is provided, usually by using above-mentioned joule-thompson valve, cold turbine arrangement and/or heat recycling turbine Arrangement.Commonly known as lower tower turbine (LCT) arrangement of cold turbine arrangement or upper tower turbine (UCT) arrangement, be used for double tower or Three tower cryogenic distillation of air Tower Systems provide supplement refrigeration.On the other hand, heat recycling turbine (WRT) arranges the row for utilizing gained Air-flow expanding refrigerant stream in hot turbo-expander, is cooled down by the expansion of refrigerant stream, by primary heat exchanger In or in supplementary heat exchanger carry out indirect heat exchange with the compression feeding air of prepurification, carry for cryogenic distillation of air Tower System Freeze for supplement.
In LCT arrangements, the compression feeding air of a part of prepurification is further compressed in BAC compression arrangements, It is partially cooled in primary heat exchanger, then all or part of by the stream of the further compression and part cooling is transferred to whirlpool Expanding machine is taken turns, which is operably linked to compressor and drives compressor.Then by the air-flow of expansion or row Air-flow guides the high-pressure tower to double tower or three tower cryogenic distillation of air Tower Systems.The supplement system generated by shifting the expansion of stream It is cold to be thus applied directly to high-pressure tower, so as to alleviate some cooling loads of primary heat exchanger.
Similarly, in UCT arrangements, the compression feeding air of part purifying is partially cooled in primary heat exchanger, And all or part of for the stream for then cooling down the part is transferred to hot turbo-expander, which can also grasp It is connected to compressor and drives compressor with making.Then the air-flow of the expansion of self-heating in future turbo-expander or exhaust stream guiding Lower pressure column into double tower or three tower cryogenic distillation of air Tower Systems.The cooling generated by the expansion of exhaust stream or supplement system It is cold to be thus applied directly to lower pressure column, so as to alleviate some cooling loads of primary heat exchanger.
MAC compression arrangements and BAC compression arrangements need a large amount of power to realize required compression.In general, MAC compression arrangements About the 60% to 70% of the general power of consumed cabin air separation equipment consumption.Although a part for air separation equipment power demand can By above-mentioned the cold turbine arrangement of supplement refrigeration and/or hot turbine arrangement are provided to double tower or three tower cryogenic distillation of air Tower Systems It is recycled, but air separation equipment driving multistage MAC compression arrangements and most of power needed for multistage BAC compression arrangements It is the power of external supply.
Most of traditional MAC compression arrangements and BAC compression arrangements and nitrogen recycle compressor and relevant product pressure Contracting machine is configured as overall gear formula compressor (IGC) arrangement, the one or more including being connected to single speed actuator assembly Compression stage and the gear-box suitable for passing through gear wheel and the one or more compression stages of associated pinion shaft driving so that All pinion shafts are run with constant speed ratio.One or more compression stages are usually using centrifugal compressor, wherein entering Mouthful feeding air be assigned to the vane compressor impeller of referred to as impeller, impeller rotation is to accelerate feeding air and thus Rotating energy is applied to feeding air.The increase of energy is along with the increase of speed and the raising of pressure.Pressure is around leaf It is recycled in the static vane of wheel or on-bladed diffuser, which feeds for reducing the speed of feeding air so as to increase The pressure of air.Impeller be may be arranged on multiple axis or be arranged on the single axis coupled with single speed driver.It is more using In the case of a axis, it usually needs gear-box and associated lubricating oil system.
Traditional MAC compression arrangements also need to the multiple intercoolers being arranged between multiple grades of compressor, with from The heat of compression is removed in compressed air stream between each compression stage.The reason is that when air is compressed, temperature raising, raising Air themperature need increase power carry out compressed gas.Therefore, when the compressed air in compression stage and between compression stage it is cold But during air, compared with the compression of no cascade EDFA, due to closer isotherm compression, so compression horsepower requirement reduces.It is all As the aftercooler of direct contact type aftercooler or aerial cooler is usually also disposed at MAC compression arrangements and BAC compression cloth Between putting.
It has been proposed that it is arranged using the IGC for directly driving compressor assembly arrangement replacement parts of traditional.Compressor and driving The direct connection of device assembly overcomes gear-box and arranges intrinsic poor efficiency, wherein the biography between actuator assembly and compression stage Thermal losses occurs in dynamic arrangement.This direct connection is referred to as directly driving compressor assembly, wherein actuator assembly axis and leaf Wheel is all rotated with identical speed.In general, this compressor assembly that directly drives being capable of variable-speed operation.It is possible thereby to it runs directly Driving compressor assembly is delivered through a certain range of flow and compressor of multiple compression stages by changing drivers velocity A certain range of pressure ratio on unit.
In addition, most of traditional MAC compression arrangements are designed to the point at corresponding to peak flow or near it It is optimised at design point.However, in many air separation equipments, it has been found that compressor is usually in its respective design Under the conditions of time for running less than 10%, and in some equipment, which is less than 5%.MAC compression arrangements and BAC compressions The peak flow of arrangement by by can by compressor Manufacturing business manufacture centrifugal impeller size and license impeller tip speed Limitation.In conventional systems, all MAC compression stages are usually driven by identical transmission system or driver.Therefore, once being The MAC drivers have selected desin speed, and the space of almost unchanged speed will all influence to own because any speed changes MAC compression stages and any BAC compression stages that may be also connected to identical transmission system.Using this traditional design point, Traditional MAC compression arrangements can usually use inlet guide vane associated with one or more compression stages to realize only about The downward (that is, reducing the flow of compressed air) of 30% downward amount.
For any given air separation equipment, although Air inlet pressure is typically constant, from winter to Summer or even from daytime to night, significant changes can occur for ambient air inlet temperature, volume flow be caused to occur quite big Variation.Once having selected desin speed, the space of the almost unchanged speed becomes to adapt to seasonal temperature and/or production Change.Therefore, most effective compressor performance control variable, i.e. drivers velocity, are not intended to most of tradition MAC and BAC pressures The degree of freedom of the operation control of contracting arrangement.
For example, for flow and lift needed for coping under the conditions of summer high temperature, need to be adjusted according to summer high temperature condition The size of MAC compression arrangements, and inlet guide vane is closed into cope with normal running (operation) conditions in part.This may reduce pressure Efficiency of the contracting machine under other service conditions, and the downward range of equipment can be also reduced (that is, from design discharge to compressor-free The minimum license range of flow of surge).Under the conditions of downward, volume flow reduces, therefore inlet guide vane must be further It closes, and in some cases, compressed air may have to be discharged into atmospheric environment, to prevent compressor surge.Enter The mouth closing of guide vane and/or the discharge of a part of compressed air can all lead to the waste of power and the drop of integral device efficiency It is low.
In addition, in order to optimize air separation cycle, the compressibility of most of air separation equipments (includes the use of direct drive Equipment of the dynamic compression assembly as a part for air compression system) it is designed to provide the row of constant to pre-purification unit Bleed off pressure power (for MAC compression arrangements) or provide distillation column system needed for pressure (for BAC compression arrangements).At this Kept in kind of air separation equipment constant discharge pressure be also possible to cause the waste of power under all operating conditions with The reduction of integral device efficiency.It also needs to allow continuously or periodically to adjust feeding air flow and/or air compression system Efficiency of the discharge pressure without sacrificing entire air separation equipment.
Accordingly, it has been required to come by using a part of the compression assembly as air compression system is effectively directly driven Reduce operating cost associated with the air compression arrangement in air separation equipment, i.e. power cost.It is pressed using directly driving Contracting component is more detailed in following specific embodiment part as the prior art systems of a part for air compression system Ground discussion, the prior art of the part including discussing the present invention and for air separation equipment are directly driven between compression assembly Difference.
Invention content
The present invention may be characterized as a kind of system for being used to compress feed air stream, including：(i) universal air compressibility； (ii) Split type air compressibility, the Split type air compressibility are fluidly coupled to the universal air compressibility, this point Body formula air compression system be configured for handling one of the air of the compressed purifying from universal air compressibility or Multiple portions, the Split type air compressibility further include one or more compression stages, which is configured For being further compressed in one or more parts of the air of compressed purifying handled in Split type air compressibility Some or all；(iii) primary heat exchanger, the primary heat exchanger are configured as one of the air of compressed purifying or more A part is cooled to the temperature suitable for carrying out rectifying in the distillation column system of low temp air fractionation system；And (iv) one or Multiple controllers, which is operably linked to variable speed drives device assembly, wherein in response to Cryogenic air The change of the service condition of separation equipment and the speed of the first variable speed drives device assembly adjust the speed of the second variable speed drives device assembly Degree.
Universal air compressibility includes：(a) the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor of universal air compressibility, this is general The low pressure single-stage or compound compressor of air compression system are configured to compress at least part of feed air stream；(b) first Variable speed drives device assembly, the first variable speed drives device assembly is direct and is rigidly coupled to low pressure single-stage or compound compressor, and And it is configured as at least one compression stage in driving low pressure single-stage or compound compressor；(c) high pressure of universal air compressibility Single-stage or compound compressor, the high pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility be fluidly coupled to low pressure single-stage or Compound compressor, and be configured for further compressing the compressed feeding air from low pressure single-stage or compound compressor Stream；(d) the second variable speed drives device assembly, the second variable speed drives device assembly is direct and is rigidly coupled to high pressure single-stage or multistage Compressor, and it is configured as at least one compression stage in driving high pressure single-stage or compound compressor；And (e) prepurification list Member, the pre-purification unit are arranged on low pressure single-stage or compound compressor downstream, and are configured as from leaving low pressure single-stage or more Grade compressor compressed feed air stream in or the warp from the one or more grades for leaving high pressure single-stage or compound compressor Impurity is removed in the feed air stream of compression.
Alternatively, universal air compressibility may include：(a) the low pressure single-stage of universal air compressibility or multi-stage compression Machine, the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility are configured to compress at least one of feed air stream Point；(b) the first variable speed drives device assembly, the first variable speed drives device assembly is direct and is rigidly coupled to low pressure single-stage or multistage Compressor, and it is configured as at least one compression stage in driving low pressure single-stage or compound compressor；(c) universal air compression system The intermediate pressure compressor of system, wherein this intermediate pressure compressor are configured as overall gear formula compressor；(d) universal air compressibility High pressure single-stage or compound compressor, the high pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility are fluidly coupled to low pressure list Grade or compound compressor, and be configured for further compressing the compressed charging from low pressure single-stage or compound compressor Air stream；(e) the second variable speed drives device assembly, the second variable speed drives device assembly directly and be rigidly coupled to high pressure single-stage or Compound compressor, and it is configured as at least one compression stage in driving high pressure single-stage or compound compressor；And (f) prepurification Unit, the pre-purification unit are arranged on low pressure single-stage or compound compressor downstream, and be configured as from leave low pressure single-stage or In the compressed feed air stream of compound compressor or from the one or more grades for leaving high pressure single-stage or compound compressor Impurity is removed in compressed feed air stream.
One or more of low pressure compressor by the first speed change driver Component driver compression stage may be disposed so that single-ended (that is, a low pressure compression stage) or both-end configuration (that is, two low pressure compression stages) is configured.When being arranged as both-end configuration, by the Compression stage in the low pressure compressor unit of one speed change driver Component driver may be disposed so that series connection compression step or can select else Ground is arranged as compression step in parallel, it is therefore preferred to have general feed inlet and utility outlet.When being arranged as compression arrangement in parallel, quilt The volume flow of the charging ambient pressure air of compression can be roughly the same volume flow or can be different volume Flow.In addition, it can be used for helping to control across universal air using inlet guide vane on one or more low pressure compression stages The air stream of compressibility.
The present invention may also be characterized as a kind of for compressing and cool down into the feed air stream of low temp air fractionation system System, including：(i) universal air compressibility；(ii) Split type air compressibility, the Split type air compressibility fluid The universal air compressibility is connected to, which is configured for processing from universal air compression system One or more parts of the air of the compressed purifying of system；(iii) primary heat exchanger, the primary heat exchanger are configured as to pass through The one or more parts for compressing the air of purifying are cooled to carry out in the distillation column system of low temp air fractionation system The temperature of rectifying；And (iv) one or more controllers, the one or more controller are operably linked to variable speed drives Device assembly, wherein the change of the speed of service condition and the first variable speed drives device assembly in response to low temp air fractionation system, Adjust the speed of the second variable speed drives device assembly, and the speed ratio and tune of the variable speed drives device assembly before wherein this adjusting The speed ratio of variable speed drives device assembly after section is different.
In the version of the present invention, universal air compressibility includes：(a) the low pressure single-stage of universal air compressibility or Compound compressor, the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility are configured to compress feed air stream extremely A few part；(b) the first variable speed drives device assembly, the first variable speed drives device assembly is direct and is rigidly coupled to low pressure single-stage Or compound compressor, and it is configured as at least one compression stage in driving low pressure single-stage or compound compressor；(c) universal air Other one or more compression stages of compressibility, wherein such other compression stages of one or more are configured as overall gear formula Compressor；And (d) pre-purification unit, the pre-purification unit are arranged on low pressure single-stage or compound compressor downstream, and by with It is set to from the compressed feed air stream for leaving low pressure single-stage or compound compressor or from leaving high pressure single-stage or multistage pressure Impurity is removed in the compressed feed air stream of one or more grades of contracting machine.In addition, Split type air compression system further includes： High pressure single-stage or compound compressor, the high pressure single-stage or compound compressor are configured for further compressing the sky of compressed purifying Some or all of one or more parts of gas；And the second variable speed drives device assembly, the second variable speed drives device assembly Directly and high pressure single-stage or compound compressor are rigidly coupled to, and be configured as in driving high pressure single-stage or compound compressor At least one compression stage.
Description of the drawings
Although the conclusion of this specification is applicant be considered as its invention content and it is manifestly intended that subject matter right will Book is sought, but believes that the present invention will be better understood when considered in conjunction with the drawings, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot It has closed to compress one of preferred method of feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system；
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot Another preferred method for being used to compress the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system is closed；
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot Another has been closed for compressing the preferred method of the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system；
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot The alternative arrangement for compressing the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system is closed；
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot Another alternative arrangement for compressing the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system is closed；
Fig. 6 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot The another alternative arrangement for compressing the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system is closed；
Fig. 7 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot The third alternative arrangement for compressing the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system is closed；
Fig. 8 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot Another variations for being used for the third alternative arrangement for compressing the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system are closed；
Fig. 9 is the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system according to the present invention, the low temp air fractionation system knot Another variations for being used for the third alternative arrangement for compressing the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system are closed；
Figure 10 be it is according to the present invention show for control air compression system various aspects and feature Cryogenic air The schematic flow chart of air compression system in separation equipment；
Figure 11 be it is according to the present invention show for control this air compression system other aspect and feature it is low The schematic flow chart of air compression system in warm air separation equipment；
Figure 12 be it is according to the present invention show for control this air compression system other aspect and feature it is low The schematic flow chart of air compression system in warm air separation equipment；And
Figure 13 is the schematic partial view of the sacrificial positive coupling arrangement between motor drive shaft and impeller.
Specific embodiment
As used herein, phrase universal air compression (CAC) system refers to be configured as essentially all feeding air Stream compression, cooling and prepurification are the flow specified, multiple compression stages of pressure and temperature condition, intercooler, postcooling Device and pre-purification unit.Universal air compressibility generally include compressor in MAC compression arrangements (or pre- MAC arrangement) and Optionally include one or more initial compression grades of BAC compression arrangements, wherein each compression in universal air compressibility Machine is configured for compressing essentially all feed air stream.
As used herein, phrase Split type air compression (SFAC) system refers to the institute of the air stream of compressed prepurification It compresses, cool down and/or is expanded to flow, pressure and the temperature suitable for following operation from specified requirements in the part of selection Multiple compression stages, intercooler, aftercooler and the turbo-expander of degree condition：(i) liquid from distillation column system is boiled State product, (ii) generates cold turbine and/or hot turbine refrigeration for distillation column system and (iii) is carried out in distillation column system Rectifying.Split type air compressibility generally includes one or more subsequent compression grades of BAC compression arrangements；With any cold turbine Refrigerating circuit (all as above tower turbine (UCT) air loops and lower tower turbine (LCT) air loop) associated compressor；With heat The associated compressor of refrigerating circuit is recycled, it is such as hot to recycle turbine (WRT) air loop or be configured for compression From other downstream compression stages less than essentially all of compressed air stream of universal air compressor assembly.
Term or phrase ' overall gear formula compressor ' (IGC) refer to be connected to the one or more of single speed actuator assembly Compression stage and the gear-box suitable for passing through gear wheel and the one or more compression stages of associated pinion shaft driving so that All pinion shafts are run with constant speed ratio.For the IGC of electrical motor driven, single speed is defined by motor speed, and In the IGC of steamturbine driving, single speed is preferably characterized as the very small velocity interval depending on steamturbine feature.Phase Than under, term or phrase ' directly driving compressor assembly ' (DDCA) refer to by speed change driver Component driver and do not include One or more compression stages of gear-box or speed changer.
Before being discussed in detail of multiple embodiments that the present invention is provided, by with traditional compression system based on IGC System compare and with some discussed in paragraphs below closest to the prior art directly drive compression assembly compared with, Ke Yigeng Understand subject of the present invention well.
Most of major air compressibilities for low temp air fractionation system need the air of certain type or form Flow control.Traditionally, this air flow control is related to adjusting one or more compressions of overall gear formula compressor (IGC) Grade and the inlet guide vane preferably on the minimum pressure compression stage of the centrifugal air compressor of MAC compressibilities (IGV).Include sucking/discharge using the alternative air flow control techniques or methods of the air separation equipment of traditional IGC to throttle, The recycling of air or the exhaust of air stream.IGV is typically considered the effective of the air flow control of centrifugal air compressor Method, because under the given speed of IGC, IGV reduces the air for flowing to compression stage, while discharge pressure is maintained at and can be connect The level received.Conventional method (such as sucking/discharge throttling or the recycling/row of compressor air flow control are used for other Gas) it compares, utilize the whole isothermal efficiency higher of the IGC compressors of the control based on IGV.However, with by two or more The air compression system of the compression stage of multiple variable speed driver drivings is compared, individually based on IGV's on typical centrifugal compressor Control is inefficient under the conditions of downward, all this system and method as described herein.
It can be used for controlling for the fixation or single speed operation of most of compressibilities (with or without IGV) based on IGC Air mass flow (that is, flow~speed) processed, but pressure is discharged as IGC drivers velocities are (that is, pressure~speed2) reduction And decline faster, the secondary relationship between pressure and flow is given (that is, pressure~flow2).In general, traditional base This secondary relationship in the system of IGC between flow and pressure is not the perfect match of air separation process.However, it uses Air compression system at least two variable speed drivers, this secondary relationship between pressure and flow is with more effective and more have The mode of profit matches, which is preferably run with different motor speed and motor speed ratios.Therefore, in Cryogenic air In separation equipment (for example, as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3) using the air flow control of two variable speed drivers with it is traditional based on IGC Compressibility compared to have the advantages that it is several.
Compared with using the tradition of air flow control of IGV based on the compressibility of IGC, these advantages are included in low temperature The downward ability of the air compression system of two variable speed drivers and downward efficiency are used in air separation equipment.Table 1, which compares, to be made It is pressed with the typical overall gear formula centrifugal air compressor of IGV and tool there are two the variable speed driver of no IGV based on directly driving The downward ability and isothermal compression efficiency of the air compression system of contracting component (DDCA).
Table 1
As shown in table 1, using the low temp air fractionation system of the compressibility typically based on IGC, (wherein IGV is minimum On pressure compression stage) it generally can not be lowered more than about 25% for air flow control.Equipment lowers service condition, it is desirable that between Air mass flow between about the 50% to 70% of the design air flow of traditional compressibility based on IGC will frequently encounter outer Portion's system restriction or equipment constraint (for example, surge condition, surge margin, the IGV limit, compressor limit etc.), unless taking all Such as discharge the remedial measure of excessive compressed air.In addition, when needing to lower the typical compression system based on IGC using IGV During system, realization is up to about 5.5% or higher relatively large isothermal efficiency loss.
In contrast, existed using low temp air fractionation system of the tool there are two the compressibility based on DDCA of variable speed driver There is the downward ability for the design air flow for being up to about 50%, and have before encountering external system constraint or equipment constraint Much smaller isothermal efficiency loss.This lower is realized by adjusting the speed of two variable speed drivers.Following article is more detailed As carefully describing, the speed of the second variable speed driver is preferably partially adjusted based on the speed of the first variable speed driver.This Outside, since two manipulating variables (that is, 2 speed of 1 speed of motor and motor) are available for controlling, so with only having IGV controls Traditional arrangement of the centrifugal air compressor based on IGC is compared, and can adjust two motor speeds to keep various air mass flows Higher average wheel efficiency.Other than the benefit of above-mentioned downward ability and downward efficiency, this has two based on DDCA The compressibility of a variable speed driver (there are two manipulating variables for tool) also allows to control discharge pressure in compressibility or some its His system pressure.
Pressure or other systems pressure are discharged by adjusting DDCA, allows equipment operator：(i) according to achievable product Form the possibility range of operation of extension air separation equipment；(ii) compressor limitation and restriction is avoided, such as downstream functionality is empty Air pressure compression system or surge condition or pressure limit in the universal air compressibility of downstream；And/or (iii) adjusts downstream Operation characteristic of turbine etc..Other manipulating variables that such as third variable speed driver and/or IGV are added to above-mentioned DDCA can be additionally used in The efficiency of air separation equipment is improved, ability is lowered, lower efficiency and/or extends the range of operation of air separation equipment.
In patent discloses WO 2011/017783, a kind of high-pressure multi-stage centrifugal compressor arrangement is disclosed.It is this Atlas-Copco compression arrangements are included by four independent compressor elements or compression stage of two high speed electric motor drivings. However, in one of arrangement disclosed in WO 2011/017783, there are two parallel arrangements and by two independent height The initial compression grade that fast electro-motor directly drives, wherein the two initial compression grades are configured as receiving and compression environment pressure Air is to generate the first compressed air stream and the second compressed air stream, and first compressed air stream and the second compressed air stream are by group Merging is guided with the arranged in series of two subsequent compression grades.Each in two subsequent compression grades is also in parallel just by driving The identical high speed electric motor of beginning compression stage directly drives.In particular, 1 (i.e. ring of the first high speed electric motor drive compression grade The compression of border air) and compression stage 4, and the second high speed electric motor drive compression grade 2 (compression of surrounding air) and compression stage 3.In the alternative arrangement suggestion disclosed in WO 2011/017783, all four described compressor elements can be connected in series with, shape Into four continuous grades, wherein the first high speed electric motor drives the third pressure of the first low pressure compressor element and third pressure stage Contracting machine element, and the second high speed electric motor drives the 4th compressor element of the second compressor element and afterbody.
Two kinds disclosed in WO 2011/017783 are to be provided on two high speed electric motors uniformly the advantages of arrangement Husband carry distribution.However, the shortcomings that these Atlas-Copco compression arrangements, is, by adjusting the first high speed electric motor Speed controls the air mass flow across compressibility, this directly affects the final discharge pressure arranged from reduced overall. In other words, when the speed for adjusting the first high speed electric motor, air mass flow and discharge pressure from the compression arrangement are consolidated Have ground and it is inseparable cede territory connect and control together.The speed for changing the first high speed electric motor is also directly affected from pressure The downstream compression stage 3 of compression system or the discharge pressure of compression stage 4.Moreover, what disclosed compression stage 1 and 2 was arranged in parallel Atlas-Copco arrangements need the control identical to the first high speed electric motor and the progress of the second high-speed motor desired to realize Balanced load.
Another similar high-pressure multi-stage centrifugal compressed is disclosed in the patent document possessed in another Atlas-Copco Machine arrangement, i.e. United States Patent (USP) No.7,044,716.Compressor arrangement includes the compressor that three arranged in series are compressor stage Element and at least two high speed electric motors are to drive these three compressor elements.In particular, low-pressure stage is by the first high speed Electrical motor driven, wherein hiigh pressure stage (i.e. compression stage 2 and grade 3) are driven by the second high speed electric motor.As the patent is instructed , Atlas-Copco directly drives compression arrangement by two hiigh pressure stages being driven by same high-speed motor instead of tradition The single hiigh pressure stage of IGC arrangements.By the way that hiigh pressure stage is divided into two grades, per stage pressure than reducing so that turn needed for high-speed motor Speed also reduces.The design also allows to select pressure ratio so that the specific speed of high pressure compressed grade does not deviate by best specific speed Too much.
Another closely related prior art references is U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2007-0189905, Disclose a kind of multi-stage compression system for including multiple centrifugal compressor stages, every grade has and is connected to variable-speed electric motor and by its drive Dynamic impeller.The multi-stage compression system further includes control system, which is connected to each variable speed driver and operable To change the speed of each motor so that the speed of each motor changes, and the speed ratio of variable speed driver remains unchanged simultaneously.
Although above-mentioned prior art references respectively disclose the embodiment for directly driving compression arrangement, institute is public The prior art arrangement opened all is not particularly suitable for the compressibility of large-scale air separation plant.Therefore, it is above-mentioned to directly drive pressure All elements and features of the contracting arrangement all without disclosing air separation compressibility disclosed and claimed herein.
In particular, above-mentioned prior art references are not all disclosed between the compression stage directly driven by variable speed driver Intermediate pressure stage.Similarly, above-mentioned prior art references are all arranged on without open or introduction and directly drive compression stage Downstream for further compress universal air compressibility in feed air stream or Split type air compressibility in The subsequent compression grade of part feed air stream.In addition, above-mentioned prior art references are not all disclosed by the second variable speed driver What is directly driven is configured as further compressing the volume flow of the reduction of the feed air stream in Split type air compressibility Compression stage.
In addition, above-mentioned prior art references all without disclose the second variable speed driver control section based on first electricity The embodiment that the speed of dynamic motor or the speed ratio of wherein variable speed driver are not kept constant, these will be in the implementation of the present invention Disclosed in scheme.
Compressibility is arranged
Fig. 1 is gone to, shows the schematic flow chart of low temp air fractionation system 10.Feed air stream is in suction filter It is filtered in shell (not shown), which is typically to have multiple free-standing structures with cap air inlet, often A air inlet has two or more filtration grades, and every grade is made of multiple filter plates.Then, filtered feed air stream 12 are compressed to produce the first compressed air stream 14 in the low pressure compressor unit 17 of compression arrangement, the low pressure compressor unit Form the initial compression grade of universal air compressibility 20.Low pressure compressor unit 17 is directly driven by the first variable speed drives device assembly Dynamic, the first variable speed drives device assembly is as shown in the first higher speed gear electro-motor 15.First compressed air stream 14 is intermediate cold But it is cooled in device 13, is then channeled to the second compressor unit 19 of compression arrangement, which forms logical With the second compression stage of air compression system 20, and second compressor unit also by the first variable-speed electric motor 15 drive with Generate the second compressed air stream 16.Any one of first low pressure compressor unit 17 and the second compressor unit 19 or both are all Without or both all can have be used to help control the entrance directing vane across the air mass flow of universal air compressibility 20 Piece 21.
Second compressed air stream 16 third that is cooled again and being directed to compression arrangement in intercooler 23 For compressor unit 27 to generate third compressed air stream 22, which forms the of universal air compressibility 20 It three compression stages and is directly driven by the second variable speed drives device assembly, as shown in the second variable-speed electric motor 25.In another Between further cool down to remove the heat of compression in cooler 23 after, third compressed air stream 22 is in the 4th compressor of compression arrangement It is further compressed in unit 29, the 4th compressor unit forms the 4th compression stage and the of universal air compressibility 20 Four compressed air streams 24 and the 4th compressor unit is also directly driven by the second higher speed gear electro-motor 25.Equally, Any one of three compressor units and the 4th compressor unit 27,29 or both all do not have or both and can all have for helping Control is helped across the inlet guide vane 31 of the air mass flow of universal air compressibility 20.
After primary air compression stage, indirect heat exchanger usually using direct contact type aftercooler 43 or is alternatively used To cool down and freeze compressed feed air stream 24.This direct contact type aftercooler 43 is preferably designed to have low Pressure drop and high-capacity packaging, to minimize and 43 associated fund cost of direct contact type aftercooler and energy loss.Afterwards Cooler 43 is also designed to any to ensure from extraction water droplet in feed air stream is compressed by using demister (not shown) Water mist or water droplet will not be transported to pre-purification unit 35, this may be by making the dry sieve in pre-purification unit fail and unfavorable Ground influences air separation equipment.
Pre-purification unit 35 is the system based on absorption, be configured as removing from feed air stream such as water vapour, The impurity of hydro carbons and carbon dioxide.Although pre-purification unit 35 is shown as being arranged on the 4th pressure of universal air compressibility 20 The downstream of contracting machine unit 29, but it is contemplated that can pre-purification unit 35 be arranged on universal air compressibility 20 It is more upstream.The container that pre-purification unit 35 usually includes different molecular screen layers by least two forms, different molecular screen layers quilt It is designed to remove impurity from compression feed air stream 24.It works in these pollutants and impurity is removed in a container When, other containers and adsorbent bed for being provided with are regenerating.
Regenerative process is the multi-step process of a cycle, which is related to commonly known as deflation, purging and repressurization The step of.The deflation of container is related to container pressure is discharged or changed from the high feed pressure kept during active adsorption process To the pressure close to ambient pressure level.Then the exhaust gas generated by distillation column system is used to purge or regenerate at low pressures Adsorbent bed.After regeneration, by the way that part compression feed air stream 32 is transferred in container directly from primary air compressibility To it by repressurization, will purging/regenerated bed from close to environmental pressure repressurization to higher feed pressure.
Periodically shifted in addition to the purpose for pre-purification unit repressurization a part compression feed air stream 32 it Outside, it there may come a time when to need to shift clean dry air from the universal air compressibility 20 in pre-purification unit downstream for equipment Other parts or the considerations of the safe operation for air separation equipment 10, there may come a time when to need to discharge pre-purification unit A part 36 for the compressed air stream 24 of upstream or by suction filter shell deicing.For this purpose, show that repressurization is returned in figure Road 33 and valve 34 and other commutating circuits or discharge circuit 37 and associated valve 38.
It can also use and further be compressed in other the one or more compression stages for being arranged on 35 downstream of pre-purification unit Most of or substantially all compressed and purifying feed air stream 28.This downstream compressor unit 39 or compression stage can quilts It is configured to a part for overall gear formula compressor 50 or can be that another directly drives machine.Due to these compression stages 39 are arranged on the downstream of pre-purification unit 35, therefore they are typically considered the pressurized air separated with primary air compressibility A part for compressibility, but it is as described herein, and these compression stages can remain one of universal air compressibility 20 Point.It is used to compress by universal air using the intercooler and/or aftercooler 41 being arranged between compression stage or later Further compressed and purifying feed air stream is maintained at appropriate temperature by system 20.
Then the feed air stream 30 by compressed purifying and the cooling of leaving universal air compressibility 20 is guided to tool There are one or multiple compression stages 65,67 Split type air compressibility 60.However, with compressing all compressed purifying and cooling Feed air stream 30 it is different, stream is divided into two or more parts 62,64 by Split type air compressibility 60.Such as Fig. 1 institutes Show, a part for compressed and purifying feed air stream is referred to as boiler air stream 62, optionally in compressor unit 65 It is middle to be compressed, and obtained further compressed stream 66 is cooled in cooler 41 and is fed into primary heat exchange Device 70 and for boiling the liquid product (such as liquid oxygen) that is generated by air separation equipment 10 to meet gaseous products requirement.Through cold But the boiling air stream 66 compressed, by further being cooled down with liquid oxygen stream indirect heat exchange, has in primary heat exchanger 70 to be formed There is the liquid air flow 72 suitable for carrying out the temperature of rectifying the distillation column system 80 of low temp air fractionation system 10.Such as figure Shown, liquid air flow 72 is typically split into two or more liquid air flows 74,75, wherein the first of liquid air flow 74 Part is directed to high-pressure tower 82, and another part of liquid air 75 is directed to lower pressure column 84.Liquid air flow 74,75 is usual It is expanded before corresponding tower is introduced using expansion valve 76,77.
Another part of compressed and purifying feed air stream is commonly known as turbine air stream 64, the turbine air stream It is optionally compressed in compressor unit 67, obtained further compressed stream 68 is in primary heat exchanger 70 by part Cooling.Then compressed and part cooling turbine air stream 69 is guided to turbine air circuit 90, wherein it is swollen in turbine By turbine expansion to provide refrigeration to low temp air fractionation system 10 in swollen machine 71, wherein obtained exhaust stream 89 is directed to The distillation column system 80 of low temp air fractionation system 10.Turbine air circuit 90 shown in Fig. 1 is shown as lower tower turbine (LCT) air loop, wherein expanded exhaust stream 89 is fed into the high-pressure tower 82 of distillation column system 80.Alternatively, turbine Air loop can be upper tower turbine (UCT) air loop, and wherein turbine exhaust stream is directed to lower pressure column.Further, whirlpool Wheel air loop can be heat recycling turbine (WRT) air loop, and wherein turbine exhaust stream is being connected to primary heat exchanger It is recycled in refrigerating circuit or other variations in this known turbine air circuit such as partly descends tower turbine (PLCT) air loop or lower tower turbine (WLCT) air loop of heat.
Overall gear formula compressor (IGC) 50 can be configured as by being arranged on each compression stage in 35 downstream of pre-purification unit A part can be connected to the shaft work of turbo-expander and be driven by it.In this case, compression stage preferably includes side Logical circuit 55 and by-passing valve 57, obtain controlling to prevent or alleviate in compression stage not by the flow of the bypass circulation and by-passing valve Desired situation, surge condition, hinder situation or undue oscillation situation etc. at boundary limitation.
As described above, one of the feed air stream 66,68 of compressed purifying in Split type air compressibility 60 or Multiple portions pass through primary heat exchanger 70, are subsequently introduced into or are supplied to the distillation column system 80 of low temp air fractionation system 10, Wherein air stream is detached to generate liquid product 92,93；Gaseous products 94,95,96,97；With waste stream 98.Such as this field institute Well known, distillation column system 80 is preferably the double tower that is thermally integrated or three towers arrangement, wherein nitrogen separated from oxygen with Generate oxygen and rich nitrogen product stream.Third tower or argon column 88 can also be provided, stream with rich argon of the reception from lower pressure column 84 simultaneously will Argon gas and oxygen separation are to generate product containing argon 96.The oxygen isolated from feed air stream can be used as liquid product 92, It can be generated as oxygen-rich liquid tower bottom product 91 in lower pressure column.In addition, liquid product 93 can be derived from for reflux one The part nitrogen-rich liquid 99 of a or multiple towers.As it is known in the art, oxygen liquid product can be pumped by pump 85, then Part is as pressurization liquid oxygen product 92 and is also partially warmed in primary heat exchanger 70 relative to boiler air stream 66 with root Gaseous oxygen product 94 is generated according to the degree being pressurized by pumping oxygen or is used as supercritical fluid.Liquid nitrogen can be pumped similarly It send and is used as pressurised liquid product, high steam or supercritical fluid.
In many aspects, the embodiment that embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is similar to Fig. 1, one of key difference is, Low pressure compression stage or compressor unit 17 are driven by dedicated first variable-speed electric motor 15.As the embodiment above, Low pressure compressor unit 17 may also include inlet guide vane 21 to help to control the charging across universal air compressibility 20 Air stream.With follow-up two compression stages in the universal air compressibility 20 of initial compression grade or low pressure compression stage arranged in series It is driven by the second variable-speed electric motor 25.Other compression stages or compression unit 39 of universal air compressibility 20 and split type Compression stage or compression unit 65,67 in compressibility 60 are preferably one or more overall gear formula compressors (IGC) 50 A part or can be driven by the shaft work of turbo-expander.In this embodiment, the downstream pressure of universal air compressibility 20 Contracting machine unit 39 and additional intercooler 43 are located at the upstream of pre-purification unit 35.
Similarly, the embodiment that embodiment shown in Fig. 3 is also similar to that Fig. 1, but with another key difference, that is, deposit In the low pressure compression stage for the parallel arrangement that two are driven by the first variable-speed electric motor 15 or compressor unit 17A, 17B.It is general Follow-up two compression stages or compressor unit 27,29 in air compression system 20 driven by the second variable-speed electric motor 25 and with Two low pressure compression stage arranged in series.Other compression stages or compression unit 39A, 39B of universal air compressibility 20 and point Any optional compression stage in body formula compressibility (not shown) is preferably one or more overall gear formula compressors (IGC) 50 part can be driven by the shaft work of turbo-expander.As shown in figure 3, two low pressure compression stage 17A, 17B preferably have There are general air supply opening 11 and utility outlet 18, rings are supplied to two centrifugal compressor stages 17A, 17B by the general air supply opening Pressure filtered air 12 in border is used as the compressed air of the first compressed air stream 14 by utility outlet discharge.First from Heart compressor stage 17A is preferably mounted on motor drive shaft one end of variable-speed electric motor 15, and the second centrifugal compressor stage 17B pacifies On the other end of motor drive shaft.Any one of first centrifugal compressor and the second centrifugal compressor or both all do not have or Both there can be inlet guide vane 21.Alternatively, which can be configured such that each in two low pressure compression stages A different volumes flow for receiving simultaneously compression environment pressure air.This alternative arrangement can be under air separation equipment 10 Certain operations and cost advantage are provided during tune.
Turning now to Fig. 4, show using the universal air with two or more variable speed drives device assemblies 115,125 The schematic flow chart of the low temp air fractionation system 110 of another variations of compressibility 120.Such as previously described reality Apply that scheme is the same, feed air stream 112 is filtered and then pressed in the low pressure compressor unit of compression arrangement or grade 117 To generate the first compressed air stream 114, which forms the initial compression of universal air compressibility 120 for contracting Grade.Low pressure compressor unit or grade 117 are directly driven by the first variable speed drives device assembly, the first variable speed drives device assembly such as Shown in one higher speed gear electro-motor 115.First compressed air stream 117 is cooled in intercooler 113, and is guided To the second compressor unit of compression arrangement or grade 119, second compressor unit or grade form universal air compressibility 120 The second compression stage, second compressor unit or grade are also driven empty to generate the second compression by the first variable-speed electric motor 115 Air-flow 116.Any one of first compressor unit/grade 117 and the second compressor unit/grade 119 or both all do not have or Both there can be the inlet guide vane 121 for being used to help control universal air compressibility 120.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4 to fig. 6, the second compressed air stream 116 is in intercooler 123 by cold again But and one or more intermediate pressure stages are directed to, form is additional compressor unit/grade 124.It is compressed with low pressure Machine unit 117,119 is different, these additional compressor unit/grades 124 are not needed to by speed change driver Component driver, but more A preferably part for overall gear formula compressor (IGC) 150.However, the subsequent compression grade of universal air compressibility 120 Including the one or more high pressure compressed grades 127,129 driven by the second higher speed gear electro-motor 125.
Embodiment similar to describing before, the embodiment shown in fig. 4 to fig. 6 further include universal air compressibility Pre-purification unit 135, multiple intercoolers 123, aftercooler 143 and any desired bypass circulation 155 in 120, By-passing valve 157, transfer or discharge stream 136 and circuit 137 and supercharging stream 132 and circuit 133 and associated valve 134, 138, it works in a manner of referring to figs. 1 to described in Fig. 3.These embodiments further include primary heat exchanger 170 and double tower or Three column distillation Tower Systems 180 (the optional argon column 188 including being configured as generating product containing argon 196), wherein purified air stream quilt It detaches to generate liquid product 192,193；Gaseous products 194,195,196,197；With waste stream 198.Divide from feeding air The oxygen separated out can be used as liquid product 192, can be generated in lower pressure column as oxygen-rich liquid tower bottom product 191.Separately Outside, liquid product 193 can be derived from for the part nitrogen-rich liquid 199 for one or more towers that flow back.Oxygen liquid product can be with By 185 pumping of pump, then part is empty relative to boiler as pressurised liquid product 192, and also in primary heat exchanger 170 Air-flow 166 heats to generate gaseous oxygen product 194.
Then the compressed purifying of universal air compressibility 120 of fig. 4 to fig. 6 and the feed air stream of cooling will be left 130 guiding extremely have the Split type air compressibility 160 of one or more compression stages or compressor unit 165,167.However, Different from the feed air stream 130 for compressing all compressed purifying and cooling, Split type air compressibility 160 will flow 130 points Into two or more parts 162,164.As shown in the figure, a part for compressed and purifying feed air stream is referred to as boiler Air stream 166 is compressed in compressor unit 165, is cooled in cooler 141 and is fed into primary heat exchanger 170, wherein it be used to boil liquid oxygen product to meet the requirement of the gaseous oxygen product of equipment 110.Feed air stream 166 part of boiling air stream is fully cooled in primary heat exchanger 170 by 191 indirect heat exchange of liquid oxygen stream with pumping, with Form the liquid air with the temperature suitable for carrying out rectifying the distillation column system 180 of low temp air fractionation system 110 Stream 172.Liquid air flow 172 is typically split into a part for two or more liquid air flows, wherein liquid air flow 174 High-pressure tower 182 is directed to, another part of liquid air flow 175 is directed to lower pressure column 184.Liquid air flow 174,175 Usually expanded before corresponding tower is introduced using expansion valve 176,177.
Another part of compressed and purifying feed air stream is commonly known as turbine air stream 168, the turbine air Stream is optionally compressed in compressor unit 167 and is partially cooled in primary heat exchanger 170.By the pressure of part cooling Contracting turbine air stream 169 is guided to turbine air circuit 190, and wherein it is inflated in turbo-expander 171 to low temperature sky Gas separation equipment 110 provides refrigeration, wherein obtained exhaust stream 189 is directed to the distillation of low temp air fractionation system 110 Tower System 180.Turbine air circuit 190 shown in Fig. 4 is shown as lower tower turbine (LCT) air loop, wherein expanded Exhaust stream 189 be fed into the high-pressure tower 182 of distillation column system 180.However, as described above, turbine air circuit can be Upper tower turbine (UCT) air loop, wherein turbine exhaust stream are directed to lower pressure column, and turbine exhaust stream is being connected to primary heat exchange Heat recycling turbine (WRT) air loop that is recycled in the refrigerating circuit of device or this known turbine air circuit Variations such as partly descend tower turbine (PLCT) air loop or lower tower turbine (WLCT) air loop of heat.
In many aspects, embodiment shown in fig. 5 be similar to Fig. 4 embodiment, but its mesolow compression stage or Compressor unit 117 is driven by dedicated first variable-speed electric motor 115.As the embodiment above, low pressure compressor Unit 117 may also include inlet guide vane 121 to help to control the feed air stream across universal air compressibility 120. Compression stage 125A, 125B is pressed to be compressed with one or more initial or low pressure in subsequent two in universal air compressibility 120 117 arranged in series of grade and a part for preferably one or more overall gear formula compressors (IGC) 150, and general sky One or two follow-up high pressure compressed grade 127,129 of air pressure compression system 120 is by with single-ended configuration (i.e. a high pressure compressed grade) Or the second variable-speed electric motor 125 of both-end configuration (i.e. two high pressure compressed grades) drives.Appointing in split type compressibility 160 What downstream compression stage 165,167 be also preferably one or more overall gear formula compressors (IGC) 150 a part or It can be driven by the shaft work of above-mentioned turbo-expander.
Similarly, the embodiment that embodiment shown in fig. 6 is also similar to that Fig. 4, there are two by the first speed change electricity for tool Low pressure the compression stage 117A, 117B of parallel arrangement that dynamic motor 115 drives.Subsequent two in universal air compressibility 120 Middle pressure compression stage 125A, 125B are preferably a part for one or more overall gear formula compressors (IGC) 150, and general One or two follow-up high pressure compressed grade 127,129 of air compression system 120 be located at the downstream of pre-purification unit 135 and by With single-ended configuration (i.e. a high pressure compressed grade) or the second variable-speed electric motor 125 of both-end configuration (i.e. two high pressure compressed grades) Driving.In this embodiment, two low pressure compression stages include two centrifugal compressors or compression unit/grade 117A, 117B, Preferably there is general air supply opening 111 and utility outlet 118, ring is supplied to two centrifugal compressors by the general air supply opening Border pressure air 112 discharges compressed air 114 by the utility outlet.First centrifugal compressor block/stage 117A preferably pacifies On motor drive shaft one end of the first variable-speed electric motor 115, and the second centrifugal compressor block/stage 117B is mounted on motor drive shaft The other end on.Any one of first centrifugal compressor and the second centrifugal compressor or both all do not have or both can all have There is inlet guide vane 121.
Turning now to Fig. 7, show and detached using the air with two or more variable speed drives device assemblies 215,225 The schematic flow chart of the low temp air fractionation system 210 of the third variations of compressibility.Such as previously described implementation Scheme is the same, and feed air stream 212 is compressed to produce the first compression in the low pressure compressor unit of compression arrangement or grade 217 Air stream 214, the low pressure compressor unit form the initial compression grade of universal air compressibility 220.Low pressure compressor unit 217 are directly driven by the first variable speed drives device assembly, the first variable speed drives device assembly such as the first higher speed gear electro-motor 215 It is shown.Compressed air stream 214 is cooled in intercooler 213, is then channeled to the second compressor list of compression arrangement Member 219, second compressor unit form the second compression stage of universal air compressibility 220, second compressor unit It is driven to generate the second compressed air stream 216 by the first variable-speed electric motor 215.First compressor unit 217 and the second compression Any one of machine unit 219 or both all do not have or both all can have be used to help control universal air compressibility 220 inlet guide vane 221.
Universal air compression including pressing compression stage 224A, 224B and one or more high pressure compressed grades in one or more Remaining compression stage of system 220 is not needed to by speed change driver Component driver, and more preferably overall gear formula compressor (IGC) 250 part.Embodiment similar to describing before, Fig. 7 to embodiment shown in Fig. 9 further include general sky Pre-purification unit 235, multiple intercoolers 223, aftercooler 243 and any desired side in air pressure compression system 220 Lead to circuit 255, by-passing valve 257, transfer or discharge stream 236 and circuit 237 and supercharging stream 232 and circuit 233 and be associated Valve 234,238, by above referring to figs. 1 to described in Fig. 3 in a manner of work.These embodiments further include primary heat exchanger 270 and double tower or three column distillation Tower Systems 280 (the optional argon column 288 including being configured as generating product containing argon 296), wherein pure Change air stream to be detached to generate liquid product 292,293；Gaseous products 294,295,296；With waste stream 297,298.From into The oxygen isolated in material air can be used as liquid product 292, can be used as oxygen-rich liquid tower bottom product 291 in lower pressure column It is generated in 284.In addition, liquid product 293 can be derived from for the part nitrogen-rich liquid 299 for one or more towers that flow back.Oxygen Liquid product can be by 285 pumping of pump, then partly as pressurised liquid product 292, and also in primary heat exchanger 270 It heats to generate gaseous oxygen product 294 relative to boiler air stream 266.
Then the compressed purifying of universal air compressibility 220 of Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 and the feed air stream of cooling will be left It guides to Split type air compressibility 260.In particular, Split type air compressibility 260 by it is compressed and purifying sky Air-flow is divided into two or more parts.As shown in fig. 7, a part for compressed and purifying feed air stream is referred to as boiler Air stream 266 is further compressed, this one or two in one or two boiler air compressor unit 265A, 265B A boiler air compressor unit is included by the second speed change driver Component driver or more specifically by the second higher speed gear electricity One or more high pressure compressed grades that dynamic motor 225 drives.Second variable speed drives component 225 can be configured as single-ended arrangement (i.e. One high-pressure boiler stages of air compression 265A) or both-end arrangement (i.e. two high-pressure boiler stages of air compression 265A, 265B).
Further compressed boiler air stream part 266 be fed into primary heat exchanger 270 and for boil liquid oxygen with Meet the demand of the gaseous oxygen product of air separation equipment 210.The boiling air flow portion 266 of feed air stream is in primary heat exchange By being fully cooled with liquid oxygen stream indirect heat exchange in device 270, it is suitable for being formed to have in low temp air fractionation system 210 The liquid air flow 272 of the temperature of rectifying is carried out in distillation column system 280.Liquid air flow 272 is typically split into two or more Multiple liquid air flows, the part of wherein liquid air flow 274 are directed to high-pressure tower 282, liquid air flow 275 it is another Part is directed to lower pressure column 284.Liquid air flow 274,275 usually uses expansion valve 176 before corresponding tower is introduced, 277 are expanded.
Another part of compressed and purifying feed air stream is commonly known as turbine air stream 268, the turbine air Stream is optionally compressed in compressor unit 267 and is partially cooled in primary heat exchanger 270.If further pressure It contracts, then turbine air compression stage 267 is preferably a part for overall gear formula compressor (IGC) 250 or can be connected to whirlpool It takes turns the shaft work of expanding machine and is driven by it.
The turbine air stream 269 of part cooling is guided to turbine air circuit 290, there using turbo-expander 271 pairs its expanded with to low temp air fractionation system 210 provide refrigeration, wherein obtained exhaust stream 295 is directed to The distillation column system 280 of low temp air fractionation system 210.Fig. 7 is shown as lower tower to turbine air circuit 290 shown in Fig. 9 Turbine (LCT) air loop, wherein expanded exhaust stream 295 is fed into the high-pressure tower 282 of distillation column system 280.Optionally Ground, turbine air circuit can be upper tower turbine (UCT) air loops, and wherein turbine exhaust stream is directed to lower pressure column, turbine Exhaust stream recycled in the refrigerating circuit for being connected to primary heat exchanger heat recycling turbine (WRT) air loop or this The variations in turbine air circuit known to kind such as partly descend tower turbine (PLCT) air loop or the lower tower turbine of heat (WLCT) air loop.
The embodiment that embodiment shown in Fig. 8 is similar to Fig. 7, but its mesolow compression stage or compressor unit 217 are driven by dedicated first variable-speed electric motor 215.As described above, low pressure compressor unit 217 may also include entrance guiding Blade is to help to control the feed air stream across universal air compressibility 220.It is follow-up in universal air compressibility 220 Middle pressure compression stage 224A, 224B and high pressure compressed grade 239 and 217 arranged in series of initial compression grade or low pressure compression stage, and it is excellent Selection of land is a part for one or more overall gear formula compressors (IGC) 250.Alternatively, middle pressure compression stage and high pressure compressed One or more of grade can be connected to the shaft work of turbo-expander and be driven by it.
In the embodiment of Fig. 8,262 part of boiler air stream of compressed and purifying feed air stream is by second It is further compressed in the boiler air compressor unit 265 that higher speed gear electro-motor 225 drives.It is in addition, one or more Turbocompressor 267 can be connected to the second variable speed drives component 225 and be driven by it.Second variable speed drives component 225 Single-ended configuration (being only used for boiler air compression stage 265) or both-end configuration are configured as (i.e. for boiler air compression stage 265 With turbine air compression stage 267).
Similarly, the embodiment that embodiment shown in Fig. 9 is also similar to that Fig. 7, there are two by the first speed change electricity for tool Low pressure the compression stage 217A, 217B of parallel arrangement that dynamic motor 215 drives.Follow-up middle pressure in universal air compressibility 220 Compression stage 224A, 224B and high pressure compressed grade (if there is) and initial compression grade or low pressure compression stage 217A, 217B arranged in series, An and part for preferably one or more overall gear formula compressors (IGC) 250.Alternatively, middle pressure compression stage and height One or more of pressure compression stage can be connected to the shaft work of turbo-expander and be driven by it.In the embodiment of Fig. 9, Two low pressure compression stage 217A, 217B include two centrifugal compressors or compression unit, preferably have general air supply opening 211 with And utility outlet 218, it is general by this by the general air supply opening to two centrifugal compressor supply environment pressure airs 212 Outlet discharge compressed air 214.First centrifugal compressor 217A is preferably mounted in the motor drive shaft one of the first variable-speed electric motor On end, and the second centrifugal compressor 217B is mounted on the other end of motor drive shaft.First centrifugal compressor and the second centrifugal compressed Any one of machine or both can have inlet guide vane 221.
In addition, the boiler air stream portion of compressed and purifying the feed air stream in Split type air compressibility 260 Points 266 it is all or part of in one or two the boiler air compressor driven by the second higher speed gear electro-motor 225 Further compression.Boiler air compressor 265A, 265B could be attached to using single-ended configuration (i.e. for a boiler air pressure Contracting grade) or the second variable-speed electric motor 225 (i.e. for two boiler air compression stages) is configured using both-end and is driven by it. Instead of driving boiler air compressor with the second variable-speed electric motor, it may be considered that the replacement cloth similar to shown in Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 It puts, the turbocompressor for considering to be arranged in parallel or series using two is connected to the second variable-speed electric motor and by its drive It is dynamic.
Compressibility controls
From the perspective of compressibility control, Figure 10 to Figure 12 depicts the air compression system in air separation equipment Embodiment, show controlling feature portion associated with the various parts of air compression system.As shown in the figure, first The speed of variable speed driver 315 is the control parameter for being set and/or being adjusted based on following command signal：It is limited with the first motor sub-assembly (JIC) 302 corresponding first command signal 301；Via the second order letter of 304 instruction of flow instruction control device (FIC) Numbers 303, the command signal and the measurement air mass flow phase in the universal air compressibility measured using flow measurement equipment 371 It is corresponding；And with any manual instruction control device (HIC) 306 or the corresponding third order of override from equipment operator Signal 305.Such as low level selector (<) selector 307 compare three command signals, and select appropriate input 308 to Drive component is to set and/or adjust the speed of the first variable-speed electric motor 315, so as to the speed compression feed air stream 312.Similarly, the speed of the second variable speed driver 325 is the control parameter for being set and/or being adjusted based on signals below：With via Indicated by equipment instruction controller (JIC) 342, any manual instruction controller (HIC) 344 or the override from equipment operator The second motor sub-assembly limit corresponding command signal 341；And based on opposite with the speed of the first variable-speed electric motor 315 Third command signal 345 caused by the controller 350 for the signal 310 answered；With via pressure indicating controller (PIC) (PIC) 347A, The corresponding signal 346A of measurement discharge pressure in the air compression system of 347B instructions；And with indicating to control via flow (FIC) the corresponding signal 348 of measurement air mass flow in the universal air pressure system of 349 instructions.Such as low level selector (<) selector 340 compare three command signals 341,343,345, and select appropriate input 352 to drive component to set Put and/or adjust the speed 354 of the second variable-speed electric motor 325.In the embodiment illustrated, it is measured in air compression system Discharge pressure be via pressure indicating controller (PIC) (PIC) 347A positioned at 390 upstream of primary heat exchanger 380 and turbo-expander Or the measurement pressure in the turbine air circuit of the Split type air compressibility of 347B.Substituting pressure instruction control device can be with In the boiler air circuit of Split type air compressibility or the different location in universal air compressibility.For example, It can be by pressure indicating controller (PIC) for the medial exhaust pressure from each pair of compression stage driven jointly or from each independent The medial exhaust pressure of grade, to limit the speed of either or both of variable speed driver.This pressure instruction control device or its He indicates that control device can be used for controlling other aspects of air compression system with reference to above-mentioned control method manually, such as Control turbine nozzle 392 associated with one or more turbo-expanders or control and universal air compressibility divide The associated inlet guide vane 394 of arbitrary compressor unit in body formula air compression system.
For example, the corresponding pressure of pressure of the compressed air stream 314 between the compression stage of the first variable speed driver 315 driving Indicate that control device 316 may be used as the input (referring to Figure 11) of the speed of the first variable speed driver 315 of control or for controlling The inlet guide vane 394 of associated compressor unit 317,319 (referring to Figure 12).Similarly, it is driven with the second variable speed driver 325 The corresponding pressure instruction control device 326 of pressure of compressed air stream 322 between dynamic compression stage may be used as controlling respectively The input 318,328 (referring to Figure 11) of the speed of first variable speed driver 315 and the second variable speed driver 325 is closed for controlling The inlet guide vane 394 of the compressor unit 327,329 of connection (referring to Figure 12).Moreover, manually instruction control device 395 and/ Or pressure instruction control device 347B can be used for respectively via the position of signal 396 and 346B control turbine nozzles 392, because scheduling to last Preferably (join with the discharge pressure correlation connection in universal air compressibility and/or Split type air compressibility the position of prestige See Figure 11).
Surge instruction controller (UIC) 360,362 is also related to each of the first and second variable speed drives device assemblies Connection, and more specifically, with one in the compressor unit 317,319,327 and 329 by speed change driver Component driver or It is multiple associated.Some form of flow measurement and pressure is preferably used to estimate in surge instruction controller (UIC) 360,362 Surge or the beginning of surge condition.In order to avoid surge condition, surge instruction controller (UIC) 360,362 pathfinder selection device 361 Exhaust outlet 338 is opened to discharge a part of compressed air 336, so as to avoid one or more driven by variable speed drives device assembly There is surge condition in a compressor unit.Similar surge instruction controller (UIC) 370,372,374 can be used for and lead to With other compression stages or compressor unit 365,367,369 in air compression system and Split type air compressibility the two It is operably associated.Surge condition in these downstream compressor units 365,367,369 in order to prevent, surge instruction controller (UIC) 370,372,374 opening flow dividers 375 associated with associated compressors unit, 377,379, to avoid there is surge Situation.
As shown in the figure, preferred compressibility control device is related to being based at least partially on the first variable speed drives device assembly Speed adjusts the speed of the second variable speed drives device assembly.As the supplement that control variable speed driver is limited based on motor sub-assembly or replace Generation, another kind control option are in response to the air mass flow measured in universal air compressibility and one or more equipment mistakes Degree system, compressor limitation or actuator assembly limit the speed to control the first variable speed drives device assembly.Second variable speed drives The speed of device assembly also will be responsive to similar device procedures limitation, compressor limitation or the limitation of other actuator assemblies and combine the The speed of one variable speed drives device assembly sets or adjusts.
Other external constraints or facility constraints can also be integrated into air compression system control.If for example, first Variable speed driver is constrained by such as constraint of velocity, then can adjust the speed of the second variable speed driver to keep passing through universal air The required air mass flow of compressor assembly, supplement or replacement as acquiescence control variable.Need the second variable speed driver control stream Other constraints of amount include surge condition, surge margin, clogged conditions, pressure, torque, power etc..
In other words, in the normal operation period, second is controlled using the speed and auxiliary variable of the first variable-speed electric motor Variable-speed electric motor, to realize the desired pressure of compressed air stream and temperature condition.Auxiliary variable can include discharge pressure, such as Shown in Figure 10 to Figure 12 or speed setting value, set value of the power, motor speed ratio, discharge pressure ratio, power ratio etc. its His selected variable.Normal operating generally means that the first variable-speed electric motor of adjustment to control main control variable completely, the variable Preferably feed air stream flow.
On the other hand, abnormal operation means due to there is some systems or external constraint, can not use main motor The complete control of velocity interpolation main control variable.These constraints may include：One or more systematic procedure limitations, such as pressure, Pressure ratio, temperature etc.；The limitation of one or more compression stages, such as compressor impeller surge condition, nargin limitation, clogged conditions, Vibration state etc.；Or one or more actuator assembly limitations, such as rate limitation, torque limit, power limit, bearing shape Condition, motor operation temperature and vibration state.Other air separation equipments or processing conditions may also lead to abnormal operation.Non- During normal operating, consider system or external constraint, use speed control the second variable speed power horse of the first variable-speed electric motor The speed reached, to realize desired feed air stream flow.
In the conventional compressibility based on DDCA or based in the compressibility of IGC, often design or selection are individual Compressor load is to balance the load between the compressor of parallel arrangement so that compressor load is not optimized to reduce Power.Therefore, the compress work per mass rate of the compressor of this parallel arrangement is usually above least unit compression horsepower.
In order to solve this shortcoming, preferred control system can also be using model predictive control apparatus come to be arranged in parallel Compressor compressor load provide in real time adjust, and in universal air compressibility two parallel arrangement compressor Between provide optimum flow distribution (referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 9).Such parallel connection compressor is optimized by model predictive control apparatus It is preferably intended to reduce air separation equipment power consumption rather than balances compressor load.Typical parallel connection compressor optimization Equation is generally as follows：
Wherein total flow (FAlways) it is to flow to the first parallel connection compressor (F1) and the second parallel connection compressor (F2) flow it is total It is from the determining value of the characterization of particular compressor and modeling with, k, and optimizes routine and be limited to specific compressor constraint or limit System, including：F1>F1, surge；F2>F2, surge；F1<F1, it is maximum；And F2>F2, it is maximum。
Sacrificial positive coupling
In all the embodiment above, high speed electric motor sub-assembly is respectively provided with motor body, motor case and motor drive shaft, The motor drive shaft has using sacrificial positive coupling directly and is rigidly coupled to one or more impellers of motor drive shaft.Such as figure Shown in 13, sacrificial positive coupling 500 is provided with the connected body for including opposite first end 402 and the second end 404 400.The first end 402 of shaft coupling is connected to impeller 432, and the second end 404 is connected to motor drive shaft 416.Connected body 400 With the highlighted deformable segment 406 of circle by a dotted line, once impeller 432 breaks down, on connected body is applied to Desired out-of-balance force under the action of, which will generate deformation, so as to allow deformable segment 406 without departing from Permanent deformation can occur, and limit unbalanced load force and power in the case of the ultimate strength of composition 400 material of connected body Square is broken down so that motor drive shaft 416 is prevented to be permanently deformed so as to cause journal bearing.In this regard, this material can be with It is the metal of high ductibility, yield strength is sufficiently large to bear normal design (calculated) load, but sufficiently low to limit imbalance Load force and torque motor drive shaft is made to be permanently deformed, while elasticity and ultimate strength collective effect make impeller contact shield without It can be cracked in shaft coupling.This material can be 15-5PH (H1150) stainless steel.
As shown in the figure, from its is outwardly radial, deformable segment 406 has sufficiently large annular region, thus During normal expected operation, it is enough torque being transmitted to impeller 432 from motor drive shaft 416 by given material.From being parallel to The end on observation of motor drive shaft 416, the part is shorter, to have enough rigidity, so as to generate in the normal operation period Undesirable motor shaft vibration.However, in the case where impeller 432 breaks down, part 406 is designed to bear to be more than to form The stress of the elastic limit of the material of shaft coupling, and therefore in the case where being less than the ultimate strength or the limit of this material It deforms.Due to this deformation, the first end 402 of shaft coupling 500 will start to rotate in a clockwise direction, and finally make Impeller 432 hits the shield of compressor.In other words, shaft coupling sacrifices oneself to protect motor by the bending of part 406. After shaft coupling failure, motor will not have the axis 416 of permanent deformation, and may have reusable bearing.Motor is still It can so use, and can restore to arrange by renovating compressor.
Deformable segment 406 is generated by providing axial hole 408 for connected body 400, the axial hole has from second Wide portion 410 that end 404 extends internally towards first end 402 and leniently portion 410 extend narrow towards the second end 402 Portion 412.This causes connected body to have the wall thickness " t " reduced at some position in hole 408 in an axial direction, which will be used as connection The weakness that body 400 deforms upon.Therefore, deformable segment 406 is formed between the wide portion 410 of axial hole 408 and narrow portion 412 and is connect Conjunction portion.In general, caused by the failure of impeller will be due to loss or the partial loss of impeller blade 432a.Then by deformable part It point is designed to (or to change due to breaking down under load effect that is specific uneven and generating under centainly operation motor speed Sentence talks about deformation).Simultaneously, it is necessary to provide enough cross-sectional areas so that the torque during normal operating to be allowed to transmit and vibrate.It can With understanding, other design and manufacture deformable segments or sacrificial positive coupling can be used.If for example, axial hole 408 have constant diameter, then the periphery trough-shaped portion in connected body 400 can generate such deformable segment.
As shown in figure 13, the clutch that the connection between impeller 432 and shaft coupling 500 is preferably provided by the interlocking arrangement of tooth Type band gear coupling 414.Tooth is arranged at the first end 402 of connected body 400, and is additionally arranged at the wheel hub of impeller 432 On 417.This clutch-type band gear coupling is there are many modification and title, but commonly referred to as " HIRTH " type shaft coupling.In order to protect It holds contact and torque transmission is provided, the bolt 418 of preloading can be in the narrow portion 412 by the axial hole 408 of connected body 400 Screw-type connector 419 is connected to connected body 500.The wheel hub 417 of impeller 432 is maintained at by the nut 420 being screwed on bolt 418 On the first end 402 of connected body 400, and therefore engage clutch-type band gear coupling 414.As those skilled in the art can With understanding, many other modes can be provided, impeller 432 is connected to shaft coupling 500, for example, friction, bonding, polygon or Interference fit.
Connection between motor drive shaft 416 and the second end 404 of shaft coupling 500 is by surrounding the wide portion 410 of axial hole 408 The circular flange-like part 422 of connected body 400 provides.The screw 424 of one group of preloading passes through fiangelike portion 422, and spiral shell Line is bonded in the hole (not shown) being arranged in the end of motor drive shaft 416.Preferably, connected body 400 has annular protrusion 428, the cylinder that annular protrusion seat is placed on positioned at 416 end of motor drive shaft extends internally in recess portion 430, so that connected body 400 relative to 416 centering of motor drive shaft.This provides impeller 432 and 416 better centering of axis and contributes to its assembling.
Preferably, turning labyrinth formula sealing element 432 and 434 is a part for connector 500, and as shown in the figure, sets It puts on the exterior section of circular flange-like part 422 and the first end 402 of connected body 400.The engagement of these elements is located at electricity The complementary labyrinth sealing element adjacent with impeller 432 on shaft seal 443 in dynamic motor case.By being put on shaft coupling Both necessary process gas shaft seal and rotor airgap cooling stream shaft seal are put, impeller can be made to overhang and minimized, and And allow to create rigid rotator and preferred rotor dynamics.Although sealing element is typically rotated labyrinth, Can be brush seal or carbon ring seal part.Second benefit that impeller overhanging minimizes is made to be, once occur accidentally to occur Sealing element be damaged, then only need replacing shaft coupling.This sealing element shape renovated and replaced with the needs being usually located on rotor In contrast with.Shaft seal 443 forms fixed sealing surfaces between turning labyrinth formula sealing element 432 and 434, controls respectively Motor cooling gas leakage stream and Compressor Process gas leakage stream.Motor cooling gas leakage stream and Compressor Process gas are let out Total leakage stream is collectively formed in leakage current, is usually discharged from spiral channels 440.
Although this hair is described by referring to one or more preferred embodiments and operating method associated there It is bright, but it is to be understood that, can be to this in the case of the spirit and scope of the present invention for not departing from the appended claims description The disclosed system and method for invention carry out a variety of additions, change and omit.

Claims (27)

1. it is a kind of for compressing and cooling down the system into the feed air stream of low temp air fractionation system, including：
(i) universal air compressibility, including：
The low pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility, the low pressure single-stage of the universal air compressibility Or compound compressor is configured to compress at least part of the feed air stream；
First variable speed drives device assembly, the first variable speed drives device assembly directly and be rigidly coupled to the low pressure single-stage or Compound compressor, and be configured as driving at least one compression stage in the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor；
The high pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility, the high pressure single-stage of the universal air compressibility Or compound compressor is fluidly coupled to the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor, and is configured for further compressing from institute State low pressure single-stage or the compressed feed air stream of compound compressor；
Second variable speed drives device assembly, the second variable speed drives device assembly directly and be rigidly coupled to the high pressure single-stage or Compound compressor, and be configured as driving at least one compression stage in the high pressure single-stage or compound compressor；And
Pre-purification unit, the pre-purification unit is arranged on the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor downstream, and is configured as From the compressed feed air stream for leaving the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor or from leaving the high pressure single-stage Or remove impurity in the compressed feed air stream of one or more grades of compound compressor；
(ii) Split type air compressibility, the Split type air compressibility are fluidly coupled to the universal air compression system System, the Split type air compressibility are configured for handling from the described compressed pure of the universal air compressibility One or more parts of the air of change, the Split type air compressibility further include one or more compression stages, and described one A or multiple compression stages be configured for further being compressed in handled in the Split type air compressibility it is described compressed Some or all of one or more of parts of the air of purifying；
(iii) primary heat exchanger, the primary heat exchanger are configured as the one or more of the air of the compressed purifying Part is cooled to the temperature suitable for carrying out rectifying in the distillation column system of the low temp air fractionation system；And
(iv) one or more controllers, one or more of controllers are operably linked to the speed change driver group Part, wherein the speed of service condition and the first variable speed drives device assembly in response to the low temp air fractionation system changes Become, the speed of adjusting the second variable speed drives device assembly, and wherein this adjusting foregoing description variable speed drives device assembly Speed ratio is different from the speed ratio of the variable speed drives device assembly after adjusting.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein the first variable speed drives device assembly and second speed change driver Component is high speed electric motor sub-assembly, and each high speed electric motor sub-assembly is respectively provided with motor body, motor case and motor Axis, the motor drive shaft have directly and are rigidly coupled to one or more impellers of the motor drive shaft.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor further include parallel arrangement and Two compression stages directly driven by both-end variable speed drives device assembly, wherein described two compression stages are configured as receiving and compress Ambient pressure air is to generate the first compressed air stream.
4. system according to claim 3, wherein each of described two compression stages are configured as receiving and compress The different volumes flow of ambient pressure air.
5. system according to claim 3, wherein one or more of high pressure lists of the universal air compressibility Grade or compound compressor further include arranged in series and by the third compression stage and the 4th of both-end the second speed change driver Component driver Compression stage, wherein the third compression stage is configured as receiving and compresses first compressed air stream to generate the second compression sky Air-flow, and the 4th compression stage is configured as receiving and compresses second compressed air stream to generate third compressed air Stream.
6. system according to claim 1, wherein the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor further include arranged in series and by The first compression stage and the second compression stage that both-end the first variable speed drives device assembly directly drives, wherein first compression stage by with It is set to reception simultaneously compression environment pressure air and the first compressed air stream of generation, and second compression stage is configured as receiving And first compressed air stream is compressed to generate the second compressed air stream.
7. system according to claim 6, wherein one or more of high pressure lists of the universal air compressibility Grade or compound compressor further include arranged in series and are pressed by the third compression stage of both-end the second variable speed driver Component driver and the 4th Contracting grade, wherein the third compression stage is configured as receiving and compresses second compressed air stream to generate third compressed air Stream, and the 4th compression stage is configured as receiving and compresses the third compressed air stream to generate the 4th compressed air Stream.
8. system according to claim 1 is become wherein the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor are further included by single-ended first The single-stage compressor that fast actuator assembly directly drives, wherein the list compression stage is configured as receiving and compression environment pressure is empty Gas simultaneously generates the first compressed air stream.
9. system according to claim 8, wherein one or more of high pressure lists of the universal air compressibility Grade or compound compressor further include arranged in series and by the second compression stage and third of both-end the second speed change driver Component driver Compression stage, wherein second compression stage is configured as receiving and compresses first compressed air stream to generate the second compression sky Air-flow, and the third compression stage is configured as receiving and compresses second compressed air stream to generate third compressed air Stream.
10. system according to claim 1, wherein the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor further include arranged in series and by The first compression stage and the second compression stage that both-end the first variable speed drives device assembly directly drives, wherein first compression stage by with It is set to reception simultaneously compression environment pressure air and the first compressed air stream of generation, and second compression stage is configured as receiving And first compressed air stream is compressed to generate the second compressed air stream.
11. system according to claim 10, wherein one or more of high pressures of the universal air compressibility Single-stage or compound compressor are single-stage compressors, and the single-stage compressor is included by single-ended second speed change driver Component driver Third compression stage, wherein the third compression stage is configured as receiving and compresses second compressed air stream to generate third pressure Stream of compressed air.
12. system according to claim 1 further includes other one or more compressions of the universal air compressibility Grade, and other such one or more compression stages are configured as overall gear formula compressor.
13. system according to claim 1, wherein one or more of described Split type air compressibility compression stage It is configured as overall gear formula compressor.
14. system according to claim 1, wherein the purified compression in the Split type air compressibility One or more of parts of air stream further include boiler air stream first part and second of upper tower turbine air stream Point.
15. system according to claim 1, wherein the purified compression in the Split type air compressibility One or more of parts of air stream further include boiler air stream first part and second of lower tower turbine air stream Point.
16. system according to claim 1, wherein the purified compression in the Split type air compressibility One or more of parts of air stream further include the first part of boiler air stream, upper tower turbine air stream second part And the Part III of heat recycling turbine air stream.
17. system according to claim 1, wherein the purified compression in the Split type air compressibility The part of air stream further includes the first part of boiler air stream, the second part of lower tower turbine air stream and heat and follows again The Part III of ring turbine air stream.
18. system according to claim 1, further include one or more and be arranged in the universal air compressibility and connect Intercooler between continuous compression stage, wherein each intercooler is configured as cooling down the compressed air stream.
19. system according to claim 1, the compression stage and prepurification being additionally arranged in the universal air compressibility Aftercooler between unit, wherein the aftercooler is configured as before the compressed feed air stream is purified, The compressed air stream of the compression stage is left in cooling.
20. system according to claim 1, wherein the pre-purification unit is absorption type pre-purification unit.
21. system according to claim 1 further includes compressed air commutating circuit, and wherein comes from the general sky A part for the compressed feed air stream of air pressure compression system is transferred to add the absorption type pre-purification unit again Pressure.
22. system according to claim 1, further include and be arranged on the compressed air of the pre-purification unit upstream and be transferred back to Road, and a part for the wherein compressed feed air stream from the universal air compressibility is transferred to add Heat enters the air of suction filter shell to prevent from freezing.
23. system according to claim 1, further include and be arranged on the compressed air in the pre-purification unit downstream and be transferred back to Road, and a part for the wherein air stream of the compressed purifying from the universal air compressibility be transferred with to Selected application supply cleaning in low temp air fractionation system, dry air.
24. system according to claim 1 further includes discharge circuit, and wherein from universal air compression system A part for the compressed feed air stream of system is discharged.
25. at least one of system according to claim 1, universal air compressibility compression stage includes having The centrifugal compressor of inlet guide vane, wherein adjusting the inlet guide vane to control the institute into the centrifugal compressor State the flow of feed air stream.
26. it is a kind of for compressing the system into the feed air stream of low temp air fractionation system, including：
(i) universal air compressibility, including：
The low pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility, the low pressure single-stage of the universal air compressibility Or compound compressor is configured to compress at least part of the feed air stream；
First variable speed drives device assembly, the first variable speed drives device assembly directly and be rigidly coupled to the low pressure single-stage or Compound compressor, and be configured as driving at least one compression stage in the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor；
Other one or more compression stages of the universal air compressibility, wherein such other compression stage quilts of one or more It is configured to overall gear formula compressor；And
Pre-purification unit, the pre-purification unit is arranged on the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor downstream, and is configured as From the compressed feed air stream for leaving the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor or from leaving the high pressure single-stage Or remove impurity in the compressed feed air stream of one or more grades of compound compressor；
(ii) Split type air compressibility, the Split type air compressibility are fluidly coupled to the universal air compression system System, the Split type air compressibility are configured for handling the air of the compressed purifying from universal air compressibility One or more parts, the Split type air compressibility further includes：
High pressure single-stage or compound compressor, the high pressure single-stage or multi-stage compression grade are configured for further being compressed in described point In the one or more of parts of the air of the compressed purifying handled in body formula air compression system some or it is complete Portion；And
Second variable speed drives device assembly, the second variable speed drives device assembly directly and be rigidly coupled to the high pressure single-stage or Compound compressor, and be configured as driving at least one compression stage in the high pressure single-stage or compound compressor；
(iii) primary heat exchanger, the primary heat exchanger are configured as the one or more of the air of the compressed purifying Part is cooled to the temperature suitable for carrying out rectifying in the distillation column system of the low temp air fractionation system；And
(iv) one or more controllers, one or more of controllers are operably linked to the speed change driver group Part, wherein the speed of service condition and the first variable speed drives device assembly in response to the low temp air fractionation system changes Become, the speed of adjusting the second variable speed drives device assembly, and wherein this adjusting foregoing description variable speed drives device assembly Speed ratio is different from the speed ratio of the variable speed drives device assembly after adjusting.
27. it is a kind of for compressing the system into the feed air stream of low temp air fractionation system, including：
(i) universal air compressibility, including：
The low pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility, the low pressure single-stage of the universal air compressibility Or compound compressor is configured to compress at least part of the feed air stream；
First variable speed drives device assembly, the first variable speed drives device assembly directly and be rigidly coupled to the low pressure single-stage or Compound compressor, and be configured as driving at least one compression stage in the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor；
The intermediate pressure compressor of the universal air compressibility, wherein such intermediate pressure compressor is configured as the compression of overall gear formula Machine；
The high pressure single-stage or compound compressor of the universal air compressibility, the high pressure single-stage of the universal air compressibility Or compound compressor is fluidly coupled to the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor, and is configured for further compressing from institute State low pressure single-stage or the compressed feed air stream of compound compressor；
Second variable speed drives device assembly, the second variable speed drives device assembly directly and be rigidly coupled to the high pressure single-stage or Compound compressor, and be configured as driving at least one compression stage in the high pressure single-stage or compound compressor；And
Pre-purification unit, the pre-purification unit is arranged on the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor downstream, and is configured as From the compressed feed air stream for leaving the low pressure single-stage or compound compressor or from leaving the high pressure single-stage Or remove impurity in the compressed feed air stream of one or more grades of compound compressor；
(ii) Split type air compressibility, the Split type air compressibility are fluidly coupled to the universal air compression system System, the Split type air compressibility are configured for handling from the described compressed pure of the universal air compressibility One or more parts of the air of change, the Split type air compressibility further include one or more compression stages, and described one A or multiple compression stages be configured for further being compressed in handled in the Split type air compressibility it is described compressed Some or all of one or more parts of the air of purifying；
(iii) primary heat exchanger, the primary heat exchanger are configured as the one or more of the air of the compressed purifying Part is cooled to the temperature suitable for carrying out rectifying in the distillation column system of the low temp air fractionation system；And
(iv) one or more controllers, one or more of controllers are operably linked to the speed change driver group Part, wherein the speed of service condition and the first variable speed drives device assembly in response to the low temp air fractionation system changes Become, the speed of adjusting the second variable speed drives device assembly, and wherein this adjusting foregoing description variable speed drives device assembly Speed ratio is different from the speed ratio of the variable speed drives device assembly after adjusting.
CN201680058838.3A 2015-10-15 2016-06-08 For compressing and cooling down the system of the feed air stream in low temp air fractionation system and device Pending CN108139147A (en)

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