CN108134193A - A kind of compact-sized active-passive composite polarization sensitive array antenna assembly - Google Patents
A kind of compact-sized active-passive composite polarization sensitive array antenna assembly Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及极化敏感阵列天线传感器技术领域，具体的说是一种结构紧凑的主被动复合极化敏感阵列天线装置，设有安装平台，其特征在于设有主动雷达天线、被动雷达天线，所述主动雷达天线采用基于共面波导CPW馈电的双极化方形微带贴片天线；所述被动雷达天线采用小型化对数周期天线LPDA，并采用印刷电路结构的LPDA，主动雷达天线布置于圆形口径的中央部分，宽带被动天线阵列布置于圆形口径的边缘部分，且采用与圆周向随形布局的方式，还设有金属栅网式的电磁隔离装置，本发明适用于星载、机载、弹载以其他相关的无线电测向系统，具有更为全面的参数测量功能和平台的适应性。The invention relates to the technical field of polarization-sensitive array antenna sensors, in particular to an active-passive compound polarization-sensitive array antenna device with a compact structure, which is provided with an installation platform, and is characterized in that an active radar antenna and a passive radar antenna are provided. The active radar antenna adopts a dual-polarized square microstrip patch antenna based on coplanar waveguide CPW feeding; the passive radar antenna adopts a miniaturized logarithmic periodic antenna LPDA, and adopts an LPDA with a printed circuit structure, and the active radar antenna is arranged on In the central part of the circular aperture, the broadband passive antenna array is arranged on the edge of the circular aperture, and adopts a layout conforming to the circumferential direction, and is also provided with a metal grid type electromagnetic isolation device. The present invention is suitable for space-borne, Airborne, missile-borne and other related radio direction finding systems have more comprehensive parameter measurement functions and platform adaptability.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及极化敏感阵列天线传感器技术领域，具体的说是一种结构紧凑 的主被动复合极化敏感阵列天线装置。The invention relates to the technical field of polarization-sensitive array antenna sensors, in particular to a compact active-passive composite polarization-sensitive array antenna device.
背景技术：Background technique:
极化敏感阵列(polarization sensitive array,PSA)是一种能实现空域- 极化域联合滤波,获取完整极化信息的特殊阵列,和普通阵列相比,具有明显的优 势。极化敏感阵列是信号处理的一个前沿热门领域，它具有时、空和极化多维性， 能够更大限度上利用信号的固有属性和传播信息，提高雷达、侦察等电子系统的 综合性能，因此引起了很多相关领域学者的关注。然而,对于目前的大型雷达系 统而言,在孔径不变的前提下,必然会造成信道数翻倍,天线成本增加,极大地限 制了其在大型雷达系统中的应用。极化敏感阵列信号处理主要包括目标检测、自 适应处理和参数估计等3个方面，其研究历史可以追溯到20世纪70年代初美国贝 尔实验室Lee博士等关于极化分集的工作，尽管其研究针对的主要应用背景为无 线通信领域。整体来看，雷达极化敏感阵列信号处理的研究尚处于起步阶段，有 关复杂目标与复杂环境、以及模型失配条件下，雷达极化敏感阵列空-时-极化自 适应匹配接收、鲁棒自适应波束形成、高容错性多维参数估计等方面的研究工作 亟待开展。极化敏感阵列因为利用电磁信号的极化信息，使其在抗干扰能力、信 号检测能力、分辨率、极化多址能力等方面都具有普通阵列光法比拟的优越性。 极化敏感阵列统性取取决于阵列的电磁特性和阵确的空间几何结构这两个重要 因素。阵元的电磁特性主要包括极化特性和功率特性(方向图特性)；阵列的空间 几何结构常见的是均匀分布的线阵、环阵和面阵等。采用双极化单元的阵列和与 载体共形的各向异性单元阵列是实现极化敏感阵列的有效方案。Polarization sensitive array (PSA) is a special array that can achieve joint filtering in space domain and polarization domain to obtain complete polarization information. Compared with ordinary arrays, it has obvious advantages. Polarization-sensitive array is a frontier and hot field of signal processing. It has time, space and polarization multi-dimensionality, and can make use of the inherent properties of signals and propagation information to a greater extent to improve the comprehensive performance of electronic systems such as radar and reconnaissance. Therefore, It has attracted the attention of many scholars in related fields. However, for the current large-scale radar system, under the premise of the same aperture, it will inevitably cause the number of channels to double and the cost of the antenna to increase, which greatly limits its application in large-scale radar systems. Polarization-sensitive array signal processing mainly includes three aspects: target detection, adaptive processing, and parameter estimation. Its research history can be traced back to the work on polarization diversity by Dr. The main application background aimed at is the field of wireless communication. Overall, the research on signal processing of radar polarization-sensitive arrays is still in its infancy. For complex targets, complex environments, and model mismatch conditions, radar polarization-sensitive array space-time-polarization adaptive matching reception, robust Research work on adaptive beamforming and highly fault-tolerant multidimensional parameter estimation needs to be carried out urgently. Because the polarization sensitive array utilizes the polarization information of the electromagnetic signal, it has the advantages compared with the ordinary array optical method in terms of anti-interference ability, signal detection ability, resolution, polarization multiple access ability and so on. Polarization-sensitive array system depends on two important factors, the electromagnetic characteristics of the array and the precise spatial geometry of the array. The electromagnetic characteristics of the array element mainly include polarization characteristics and power characteristics (pattern characteristics); the spatial geometric structure of the array is commonly uniformly distributed linear array, ring array, and planar array. Arrays using dual-polarization cells and anisotropic cell arrays conformal to the carrier are effective solutions to realize polarization-sensitive arrays.
共形阵列天线是将天线单元附着在共形载体表面而构成的天线阵列。利用信 号处理手段从共形阵列的接收数据中获取空间信源方位和极化状态等多维参数 是其应用的一个重要方面，在电子侦察、电子对抗和无线通信等领域具有广阔的 应用前景。A conformal array antenna is an antenna array formed by attaching antenna elements to the surface of a conformal carrier. It is an important aspect of its application to obtain multi-dimensional parameters such as spatial source orientation and polarization state from the received data of conformal array by means of signal processing, and it has broad application prospects in the fields of electronic reconnaissance, electronic countermeasures and wireless communication.
传统的双极化天线是基于正交放置的电辐射元或者磁辐射元组成，它们在空 间形成正交的辐射场，进而构成两个正交的极化通道。在双极化天线的设计中， 多数采用交叉偶极子和十字缝耦合微带天线的形式，在电磁矢量传感器的构建、 小型化设计和电磁兼容等方面存在一些需要解决的问题。Traditional dual-polarized antennas are based on orthogonally placed electric or magnetic radiation elements, which form orthogonal radiation fields in space, and then constitute two orthogonal polarization channels. In the design of dual-polarized antennas, most of them adopt the form of crossed dipoles and cross-slot coupled microstrip antennas. There are some problems to be solved in the construction of electromagnetic vector sensors, miniaturized design and electromagnetic compatibility.
在雷达制导领域，被动雷达制导只会是导弹的一种固有的制导方式，而其他 制导方式将会更加灵活的与之综合在一起。这样一来，未来的导弹对辐射源的依 赖大大减少，它将成为一种包含被动雷达制导方式的复合精确制导模式。导弹采 用复合制导技术，优势互补，增强导弹适应能力，这样，即使目标雷达关机，导 弹也能大大提高击中目标雷达的概率。复合制导技术可在失去目标雷达辐射的电 磁波时继续利用其他制导体制进行制导，以有效对付各种干扰。复合制导系统具 有作用距离远、抗干扰能力强等优点，已成为精确制导武器的重要发展方向。双 波段单脉冲天线作为复合制导系统的关键部件，其性能的优劣将直接影响系统的 抗副瓣截获、抗杂波等综合作战能力，已经成为国内导弹技术研究的热点之一， 具有很好的研究前景与实用意义。传统的双波段单脉冲天线采用卡塞格伦天线形式，设计简单但纵向尺寸较大，效率较低，不适合弹载及星载应用.近年来，通 过研究者的不断努力，双频段单脉冲天线综合性能逐渐提高，如双波导复合的双 频单脉冲天线，两频段天线效率达到40％，但天线厚度为40mm，重量为1.2kg。 对于复合天线，根据主、被动两个雷达系统工作频带分布的不同可以采用不同的 设计思路。复合天线设计方案的第一种选择是，如果两个雷达系统工作频带相差 不大，可以采用一个天线满足两个雷达系统的要求，设计的重点在于保证主动雷 达性能的条件下，保证被动雷达分系统的宽带特性。复合天线设计方案的第二种 选择是研制主被动两种天线装置并将其一体化。方案之一是主动天线与被动天线 分别设计，按照一定的原则将两种天线组合起来。这种方案下，天线的组合方式 之一是在主动天线的外围布置被动天线，这种方式可以简化复合天线的设计，但只对于弹径比较大的导引头比较合适。天线的另一种组合方式是将被动天线嵌入 主动天线中，主动天线一般选用缝阵天线，在外围适当的位置安装被动天线。这 种设计方案中被动天线的工作频段不能太低，应在X波段以上，以保证被动天线 的直径比较小，否则，会由于被动天线直径太大而严重影响主动天线的性能。In the field of radar guidance, passive radar guidance is only an inherent guidance method of missiles, and other guidance methods will be more flexibly integrated with it. In this way, the dependence of the future missile on the radiation source is greatly reduced, and it will become a complex precision guidance mode including passive radar guidance. The missile adopts composite guidance technology, which complements each other's advantages and enhances the adaptability of the missile. In this way, even if the target radar is turned off, the missile can greatly increase the probability of hitting the target radar. Composite guidance technology can continue to use other guidance systems for guidance when the electromagnetic wave radiated by the target radar is lost, so as to effectively deal with various interferences. The composite guidance system has the advantages of long operating distance and strong anti-interference ability, and has become an important development direction of precision guided weapons. As the key component of the composite guidance system, the dual-band monopulse antenna will directly affect the system's comprehensive combat capabilities such as anti-sidelobe interception and anti-clutter, and has become one of the hotspots in domestic missile technology research. It has a very good research prospects and practical significance. The traditional dual-band monopulse antenna adopts the form of Cassegrain antenna, which is simple in design but has a large vertical size and low efficiency, which is not suitable for missile-borne and space-borne applications. In recent years, through the continuous efforts of researchers, dual-band monopulse The overall performance of the antenna is gradually improved, such as the dual-band monopulse antenna combined with dual waveguides, the efficiency of the two-band antenna reaches 40%, but the thickness of the antenna is 40mm and the weight is 1.2kg. For the composite antenna, different design ideas can be adopted according to the difference in the distribution of the operating frequency bands of the active and passive radar systems. The first option for the composite antenna design scheme is that if the operating frequency bands of the two radar systems are not much different, one antenna can be used to meet the requirements of the two radar systems. Broadband characteristics of the system. The second option for the composite antenna design is to develop and integrate both active and passive antenna devices. One of the schemes is to design the active antenna and the passive antenna separately, and combine the two antennas according to certain principles. Under this scheme, one of the antenna combination methods is to arrange passive antennas around the active antenna. This method can simplify the design of composite antennas, but it is only suitable for seekers with relatively large projectile diameters. Another combination of antennas is to embed passive antennas into active antennas. Active antennas generally use slot array antennas, and passive antennas are installed at appropriate peripheral locations. In this design scheme, the working frequency band of the passive antenna should not be too low, and should be above the X-band to ensure that the diameter of the passive antenna is relatively small, otherwise, the performance of the active antenna will be seriously affected due to the large diameter of the passive antenna.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明针对现有技术中存在的缺点和不足，提出了一种采用与平台随形布 局的宽带对数周期天线和双极化微带贴片阵列的复合方案，在整个工作频段内均 实现了极化敏感能力，在极化敏感阵列实现方案上具有创新性的结构紧凑的主被 动复合极化敏感阵列天线装置。Aiming at the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a composite scheme using a wideband logarithmic periodic antenna and a dual-polarized microstrip patch array in conformal layout with the platform, which realizes Polarization-sensitive capability, an innovative and compact active-passive composite polarization-sensitive array antenna device in the polarization-sensitive array implementation scheme.
本发明可以通过以下措施达到：The present invention can reach through the following measures:
一种结构紧凑的主被动复合极化敏感阵列天线装置，设有安装平台，其特征 在于设有主动雷达天线、被动雷达天线，所述主动雷达天线采用基于共面波导 CPW馈电的双极化方形微带贴片天线；所述被动雷达天线采用小型化对数周期 天线LPDA，并采用印刷电路结构的LPDA，主动雷达天线布置于圆形口径的中央 部分，宽带被动天线阵列布置于圆形口径的边缘部分，且采用与圆周向随形布局 的方式；A compact active-passive composite polarization-sensitive array antenna device is provided with an installation platform, and is characterized in that an active radar antenna and a passive radar antenna are provided, and the active radar antenna adopts dual polarization based on coplanar waveguide CPW feeding Square microstrip patch antenna; the passive radar antenna adopts miniaturized logarithmic periodic antenna LPDA, and adopts the LPDA of printed circuit structure, the active radar antenna is arranged in the central part of the circular aperture, and the broadband passive antenna array is arranged in the circular aperture The edge part of , and adopts the way of following the shape of the circumference;
还设有金属栅网式的电磁隔离装置，金属栅网式的电磁隔离装置采用环形金属栅网，设置在安装平台上，主动雷达天线、被动雷达天线均设置在环形金属栅网内， 从而实现对宽带被动天线阵列的腔体式约束，获得对被动天线波束宽度的压缩， 具有波束赋形的效果，同时增加天线之间的隔离度特性；并尽可能减少被动雷达 天线对主动雷达天线的影响，减轻整个天线系统的重量，实现主被动雷达天线的 轻量化。There is also a metal grid-type electromagnetic isolation device. The metal grid-type electromagnetic isolation device adopts a ring metal grid and is installed on the installation platform. The active radar antenna and the passive radar antenna are all set in the ring metal grid, so as to realize The cavity-type constraint on the broadband passive antenna array obtains the compression of the beam width of the passive antenna, which has the effect of beam forming, and at the same time increases the isolation characteristics between the antennas; and reduces the influence of the passive radar antenna on the active radar antenna as much as possible, Reduce the weight of the entire antenna system and realize the lightweight of active and passive radar antennas.
本发明中主被动雷达天线采用共面波导馈电的双极化微带贴片天线形式，采 用共面波导馈电的双极化微带贴片天线，采用的微带贴片为方形结构，两个正交 的馈电端口分别位于方形贴片的两侧，形成侧馈结构；微带线转换成CPW，以 实现对杂散辐射的抑制，提高极化特性，介质基板的板材选择环氧树脂FR4板材， 所述微带天线主要由三部分构成，分别为下层的金属地板、中间层的介质基板和 顶层的金属贴片，当介电常数变小、介质基板的厚度变薄时会使天线辐射效率增 加，对于矩形贴片，其结构尺寸可由下式得到：In the present invention, the active and passive radar antenna adopts the form of a dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide, and adopts a dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide. The microstrip patch adopted is a square structure, Two orthogonal feed ports are located on both sides of the square patch to form a side feed structure; the microstrip line is converted into CPW to suppress stray radiation and improve polarization characteristics. The material of the dielectric substrate is epoxy Resin FR4 plate, the microstrip antenna is mainly composed of three parts, which are the metal floor of the lower layer, the dielectric substrate of the middle layer and the metal patch of the top layer. When the dielectric constant becomes smaller and the thickness of the dielectric substrate becomes thinner, the The radiation efficiency of the antenna increases. For a rectangular patch, its structural size can be obtained by the following formula:
其中，w为辐射贴片的物理宽度，f为中心频率，c为光速，辐射贴片的物理长 度为L，εe表示有效介电常数，其大小为：Among them, w is the physical width of the radiation patch, f is the center frequency, c is the speed of light, the physical length of the radiation patch is L, ε e represents the effective dielectric constant, and its magnitude is:
对于微带天线的辐射场，可以通过传输线模型法将其看作低阻抗微带传输线， 传输线两端的开路缝隙产生辐射电场，即相当于一个二元缝隙天线阵列的辐射。 每个缝隙天线单元的方向性函数为：For the radiation field of a microstrip antenna, it can be regarded as a low-impedance microstrip transmission line through the transmission line model method. The open slots at both ends of the transmission line generate a radiation electric field, which is equivalent to the radiation of a binary slot antenna array. The directivity function of each slot antenna element is:
矩形微带天线的辐射场为单缝隙天线方向图函数和二元阵的阵因子乘积，其 方向性函数表达式如下：The radiation field of the rectangular microstrip antenna is the product of the pattern function of the single slot antenna and the array factor of the binary array, and the expression of the directivity function is as follows:
共面波导是一种微波集成传输线，中心导体带的宽度为b，两侧接地板间距 为a。相比于传统的微带传输线，共面波导馈电主要有以下优点：(1)共面波导 馈电的信号线和地板均在介质基板的同一侧，与同轴馈电时需采用打过孔处理相 比，设计加工以及结构更为简洁，这也是共面波导馈电的最大特点；(2)共面波 导馈电更容易实现端口的阻抗匹配，通过调整信号传输线宽度以及信号线和接地 板间的缝隙大小来满足设计需求；(3)共面波导馈电的方式使其产生的辐射损耗 得到降低，方便和多种器件集成。考虑到共面波导馈电的这些优点，在很多天线 结构中采用共面波导进行馈电，在工程应用中较为常见。The coplanar waveguide is a microwave integrated transmission line, the width of the central conductor strip is b, and the distance between the ground planes on both sides is a. Compared with the traditional microstrip transmission line, the coplanar waveguide feeding has the following advantages: (1) The signal line and the floor of the coplanar waveguide feeding are on the same side of the dielectric substrate. Compared with hole processing, the design, processing and structure are simpler, which is also the biggest feature of coplanar waveguide feeding; (2) coplanar waveguide feeding is easier to achieve port impedance matching, by adjusting the signal transmission line width and The size of the gap between the floors meets the design requirements; (3) The way of coplanar waveguide feeding reduces the radiation loss generated, which is convenient for integration with various devices. Considering these advantages of coplanar waveguide feeding, coplanar waveguide is used for feeding in many antenna structures, which is more common in engineering applications.
本发明被动天线单元采用超宽带小型化微带对数周期天线天线，整个被动天 线阵列系统由超宽带对数周期天线阵列和安装底盘组成，对数周期天线具有周期 性的几何结构，高频辐射振子位于天线的上部区域，低频辐射振子位于天线的底 部区域，馈电方式为在集合线的顶部馈电，加工实现方式采用金属杆状结构和印 刷电路结构。The passive antenna unit of the present invention adopts an ultra-wideband miniaturized microstrip log-period antenna, and the entire passive antenna array system is composed of an ultra-broadband log-period antenna array and an installation chassis. The log-period antenna has a periodic geometric structure and high-frequency radiation The oscillator is located in the upper area of the antenna, and the low-frequency radiation oscillator is located in the bottom area of the antenna. The feeding method is at the top of the assembly line, and the processing method adopts a metal rod structure and a printed circuit structure.
本发明在对数周期天线的设计中，在集合线底部，即靠近低频振子处，加载 宽带匹配负载，吸收低频段的反射波信号，对数周期天线的所有振子尺寸和振子 之间的距离等天线构成要素都要遵循如下比例关系，如果用τ来表示该比例系数， 在这里我们称τ为比例因子，则要求：In the design of the logarithmic periodic antenna, the bottom of the collection line, that is, near the low frequency oscillator, is loaded with a broadband matching load to absorb the reflected wave signal of the low frequency band, the size of all the oscillators of the logarithmic periodic antenna and the distance between the oscillators, etc. The components of the antenna must follow the following proportional relationship. If τ is used to represent the proportional coefficient, here we call τ a proportional factor, then it is required:
式中Ln为第n个对称振子的全长；an为第n个对称振子的宽度；Rn为第n个 对称振子到天线虚拟“顶点”的距离；n为对称振子的序列编号，从距离馈电点 最远的振子算起，也就是最长的振子编号为“1”。In the formula, L n is the full length of the nth symmetrical oscillator; a n is the width of the nth symmetrical oscillator; R n is the distance from the nth symmetrical oscillator to the virtual "vertex" of the antenna; n is the serial number of the symmetrical oscillator, Counting from the vibrator farthest from the feeding point, that is, the longest vibrator is numbered "1".
本发明中金属栅网的电磁屏蔽结构所指网栅均是指电感性网栅膜。The grid referred to in the electromagnetic shielding structure of the metal grid in the present invention refers to an inductive grid film.
综上所述，本发明提出了一种基于主被动复合的极化敏感阵列天线装置，采 用与平台随形布局的宽带对数周期天线和双极化微带贴片阵列的复合方案，在整 个工作频段内均实现了极化敏感能力，在极化敏感阵列实现方案上具有创新性。 本发明设计了一种基于共面波导馈电的双极化微带贴片形式，可改善双极化贴片 天线的极化特性，降低辐射场的交叉极化电平，适合于双极化雷达系统应用，在 主动雷达天线设计上具有创新性和实用性。本发明采用小型化对数周期天线作为 被动雷达天线单元，引入振子局部曲折线和阻抗加载实现天线的小型化，有效降 低了天线的低频段的阻抗匹配特性。本发明引入金属栅网结构作为主被动雷达天 线内之间的隔离装置，有效改善了天线之间的电磁兼容性，并可实现对被动雷达 天线的波束控制，减少了电磁干扰。本发明适用于星载、机载、弹载以其他相关 的无线电测向系统，具有更为全面的参数测量功能和平台的适应性。In summary, the present invention proposes a polarization-sensitive array antenna device based on active-passive combination, which adopts a composite scheme of broadband log-periodic antenna and dual-polarization microstrip patch array with a conformal layout on the platform. Polarization-sensitive capabilities are realized in the working frequency band, and it is innovative in the implementation of polarization-sensitive arrays. The present invention designs a dual-polarized microstrip patch form based on coplanar waveguide feeding, which can improve the polarization characteristics of the dual-polarized patch antenna, reduce the cross-polarization level of the radiation field, and is suitable for dual-polarization The application of radar system is innovative and practical in the design of active radar antenna. The invention adopts a miniaturized logarithmic periodic antenna as a passive radar antenna unit, introduces a local meander line of the vibrator and impedance loading to realize the miniaturization of the antenna, and effectively reduces the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna in the low frequency band. The invention introduces the metal grid structure as the isolation device between the active and passive radar antennas, which effectively improves the electromagnetic compatibility between the antennas, and can realize the beam control of the passive radar antennas, reducing electromagnetic interference. The present invention is applicable to spaceborne, airborne, missile-borne and other relevant radio direction finding systems, and has more comprehensive parameter measurement functions and platform adaptability.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
附图1是本发明中主被动复合极化敏感阵列的被动天线结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the passive antenna of the active-passive composite polarization-sensitive array in the present invention.
附图2是本发明中背腔式双极化对数周期天线单元的三维电磁结构模型。Accompanying drawing 2 is the three-dimensional electromagnetic structure model of the cavity-backed dual-polarization logarithmic periodic antenna unit in the present invention.
附图3是本发明中宽带对数周期天线结构模型。Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural model of broadband log-periodic antenna in the present invention.
附图4是本发明中双极化微带贴片天线端口的电压驻波仿真结果。Accompanying drawing 4 is the voltage standing wave simulation result of the dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna port in the present invention.
附图5是附图4中两个极化端口之间的隔离度示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the isolation between the two polarized ports in Figure 4 .
附图6是本发明中中心频率处双极化微带贴片天线极化端口1的辐射特性仿真 结果。Accompanying drawing 6 is the simulation result of the radiation characteristic of the polarized port 1 of the dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna at the center frequency of the present invention.
附图7是本发明中中心频率处双极化微带贴片天线极化端口2的辐射特性仿真 结果。Accompanying drawing 7 is the simulation result of the radiation characteristic of the polarized port 2 of the dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna at the center frequency of the present invention.
附图8是本发明实施例中LPDA在频率f1处的辐射特性仿真结果。Accompanying drawing 8 is the radiation characteristic simulation result of LPDA in the frequency f1 place in the embodiment of the present invention.
附图9是本发明实施例中LPDA在频率f2处的辐射特性仿真结果。Accompanying drawing 9 is the radiation characteristic simulation result of LPDA in the frequency f2 place in the embodiment of the present invention.
附图10是本发明实施例中LPDA在频率f1处的辐射特性仿真结果。Accompanying drawing 10 is the radiation characteristic simulation result of LPDA in the frequency f1 place in the embodiment of the present invention.
附图11是本发明实施例中LPDA在频率f2处的辐射特性仿真结果。Accompanying drawing 11 is the radiation characteristic simulation result of LPDA in the frequency f2 place in the embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记：1为宽带被动对数周期天线单元，2为金属栅网；3为安装平台，4 为共面波导，5为微带贴片，6为微带天线的介质基板，7为侧馈微带线。Reference signs: 1 is a broadband passive logarithmic periodic antenna unit, 2 is a metal grid; 3 is an installation platform, 4 is a coplanar waveguide, 5 is a microstrip patch, 6 is a dielectric substrate of a microstrip antenna, and 7 is a side Feed the microstrip line.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明提出了一种基于主被动复合的极化敏感阵列天线装置，它可用于制导 雷达主被动复合探测制导和电子侦察等领域。本发明的主要工作是提出了一种高 隔离度的复合式极化敏感天线方案，根据雷达系统的工作平台的结构特点，解决 主被动复合天线系统的协同工作问题。本发明中的主动雷达天线采用基于共面波 导(CPW)馈电的双极化方形微带贴片天线，该主动雷达双极化天线方案可提高 传统馈电双极化微带贴片天线的极化特性，降低天线的交加极化电平，更好地实 现正交双极化的功能，为后续的极化信号处理提供良好的极化基和高质量的正交 极化信号。本发明中的被动雷达天线采用小型化对数周期天线(LPDA)，为了实 现加工的方便性和单元之间的一致性，本发明采用印刷电路结构的LPDA，为了 降低低频段印刷偶极子的程度，实现横向尺寸的缩减，本发明在LPDA的低频振 子中引入了曲折线技术，同时采用了阻抗加载技术，改善了低频段的电压驻波比 性能，有效实现了LPDA的小型化。在主被动复合天线的结构布局中，本发明结 合雷达平台的结构点，采用主动雷达天线布置于圆形口径的中央部分，宽带被动 天线阵列布置于圆形口径的边缘部分，且采用与圆周向随形布局的方式，有效节 省雷达天线系统的安装空间；为了减少主被动复合天线系统之间的电磁耦合现象， 本发明提出了一种金属栅网式的电磁隔离装置，该装置一方面可实现对宽带被动 天线阵列的腔体式约束，获得对被动天线波束宽度的压缩，具有波束赋形的效果， 同时增加天线之间的隔离度特性；另一方面，尽可能减少被动雷达天线对主动雷 达天线的影响，减轻整个天线系统的重量，实现主被动雷达天线的轻量化，有利 于整个天线系统的工程化应用。本发明设计的主被动复合极化敏感阵列的被动天 线结构如图1所示。The invention proposes a polarization-sensitive array antenna device based on active-passive combination, which can be used in the fields of guidance radar active-passive combination detection guidance and electronic reconnaissance. The main task of the present invention is to propose a high-isolation composite polarization-sensitive antenna scheme, and solve the cooperative work problem of the active and passive composite antenna system according to the structural characteristics of the working platform of the radar system. The active radar antenna in the present invention adopts a dual-polarized square microstrip patch antenna based on coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding, and the active radar dual-polarized antenna scheme can improve the performance of the traditional feeding dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna. Polarization characteristics, reduce the cross-polarization level of the antenna, better realize the function of orthogonal dual polarization, and provide a good polarization base and high-quality orthogonal polarization signals for subsequent polarization signal processing. The passive radar antenna in the present invention adopts miniaturized logarithmic periodic antenna (LPDA), in order to realize the convenience of processing and the consistency between units, the present invention adopts the LPDA of printed circuit structure, in order to reduce the low-frequency band printed dipole To achieve the reduction of the lateral size, the present invention introduces the meander line technology into the low-frequency vibrator of the LPDA, and adopts the impedance loading technology at the same time, which improves the voltage standing wave ratio performance of the low-frequency band and effectively realizes the miniaturization of the LPDA. In the structural layout of the active-passive composite antenna, the present invention combines the structural points of the radar platform, adopts the active radar antenna to be arranged in the central part of the circular aperture, and the broadband passive antenna array is arranged in the edge part of the circular aperture, and adopts a The conformal layout method can effectively save the installation space of the radar antenna system; in order to reduce the electromagnetic coupling phenomenon between the active and passive composite antenna systems, the present invention proposes a metal grid-type electromagnetic isolation device, which can realize The cavity-type constraint on the broadband passive antenna array obtains the compression of the beam width of the passive antenna, which has the effect of beam forming, and at the same time increases the isolation characteristics between the antennas; The influence of reducing the weight of the entire antenna system and realizing the lightweight of active and passive radar antennas is beneficial to the engineering application of the entire antenna system. The passive antenna structure of the active-passive composite polarization-sensitive array designed in the present invention is shown in Fig. 1 .
本发明中主被动雷达天线采用共面波导馈电的双极化微带贴片天线形式。该 天线的特点是利用CPW易于与微带电路集成的优点，方便与方向微带贴片天线 连接和实现阻抗匹配，而且更为重要的是采用共面波导馈电，减少了微带的杂散 辐射和模式之间的耦合，可提高双极化天线两个极化端口的极化性能，降低辐射 场的交叉极化电平，提高两个极化端口的隔离度。本发明设计的采用共面波导馈 电的双极化微带贴片天线模型如图2所示。本发明采用的微带贴片为方形结构， 两个正交的馈电端口分别位于方形贴片的两侧，形成侧馈结构；微带线转换成 CPW，以实现对杂散辐射的抑制，提高极化特性。介质基板的板材选择环氧树脂 FR4板材。In the present invention, the active and passive radar antenna adopts the form of a dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide. The characteristic of this antenna is that it utilizes the advantages of CPW to be easily integrated with the microstrip circuit, it is convenient to connect with the directional microstrip patch antenna and achieve impedance matching, and more importantly, it adopts coplanar waveguide feeding, which reduces the spurious of the microstrip The coupling between the radiation and the mode can improve the polarization performance of the two polarization ports of the dual-polarization antenna, reduce the cross-polarization level of the radiation field, and improve the isolation of the two polarization ports. The model of the dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna designed by the present invention using coplanar waveguide feeding is shown in Figure 2. The microstrip patch used in the present invention is a square structure, and two orthogonal feed ports are respectively located on both sides of the square patch to form a side feed structure; the microstrip line is converted into CPW to realize the suppression of stray radiation, Improve polarization characteristics. The board material of the dielectric substrate is epoxy resin FR4 board.
微带天线主要由三部分构成，分别为下层的金属地板、中间层的介质基板和 顶层的金属贴片。当介电常数变小、介质基板的厚度变薄时会使天线辐射效率增 加。对于矩形贴片，其结构尺寸一般可由下式得到：The microstrip antenna is mainly composed of three parts, which are the metal floor of the lower layer, the dielectric substrate of the middle layer and the metal patch of the top layer. When the dielectric constant becomes smaller and the thickness of the dielectric substrate becomes thinner, the radiation efficiency of the antenna will increase. For a rectangular patch, its structural size can generally be obtained by the following formula:
其中，w为辐射贴片的物理宽度，f为中心频率，c为光速，辐射贴片的物理长 度为L，εe表示有效介电常数，其大小为：Among them, w is the physical width of the radiation patch, f is the center frequency, c is the speed of light, the physical length of the radiation patch is L, ε e represents the effective dielectric constant, and its magnitude is:
对于微带天线的辐射场，可以通过传输线模型法将其看作低阻抗微带传输线， 传输线两端的开路缝隙产生辐射电场，即相当于一个二元缝隙天线阵列的辐射。 每个缝隙天线单元的方向性函数为：For the radiation field of a microstrip antenna, it can be regarded as a low-impedance microstrip transmission line through the transmission line model method. The open slots at both ends of the transmission line generate a radiation electric field, which is equivalent to the radiation of a binary slot antenna array. The directivity function of each slot antenna element is:
矩形微带天线的辐射场为单缝隙天线方向图函数和二元阵的阵因子乘积，其 方向性函数表达式如下：The radiation field of the rectangular microstrip antenna is the product of the pattern function of the single slot antenna and the array factor of the binary array, and the expression of the directivity function is as follows:
共面波导是一种微波集成传输线，中心导体带的宽度为b，两侧接地板间距 为a。相比于传统的微带传输线，共面波导馈电主要有以下优点：(1)共面波导 馈电的信号线和地板均在介质基板的同一侧，与同轴馈电时需采用打过孔处理相 比，设计加工以及结构更为简洁，这也是共面波导馈电的最大特点；(2)共面波 导馈电更容易实现端口的阻抗匹配，通过调整信号传输线宽度以及信号线和接地 板间的缝隙大小来满足设计需求；(3)共面波导馈电的方式使其产生的辐射损耗 得到降低，方便和多种器件集成。考虑到共面波导馈电的这些优点，在很多天线 结构中采用共面波导进行馈电，在工程应用中较为常见。The coplanar waveguide is a microwave integrated transmission line, the width of the central conductor strip is b, and the distance between the ground planes on both sides is a. Compared with the traditional microstrip transmission line, the coplanar waveguide feeding has the following advantages: (1) The signal line and the floor of the coplanar waveguide feeding are on the same side of the dielectric substrate. Compared with hole processing, the design, processing and structure are simpler, which is also the biggest feature of coplanar waveguide feeding; (2) coplanar waveguide feeding is easier to achieve port impedance matching, by adjusting the signal transmission line width and The size of the gap between the floors meets the design requirements; (3) The way of coplanar waveguide feeding reduces the radiation loss generated, which is convenient for integration with various devices. Considering these advantages of coplanar waveguide feeding, coplanar waveguide is used for feeding in many antenna structures, which is more common in engineering applications.
本发明设计的被动天线单元采用超宽带小型化微带对数周期天线天线，整个 被动天线阵列系统由超宽带对数周期天线阵列和安装底盘组成。超宽带对数周期 天线能够在宽频带范围内感知入射电磁波的信号，基于与安装平台的随形布局， 可以感知入射电磁波信号的极化信息，实现极化敏感。在辐射方向图方面，要求 被动天线的主波束指向平台的轴向方向，并具有足够的方向图覆盖范围，即在给 定的空间角度范围内，天线的接收增益能够达到信号接收灵敏度的指标要求。The passive antenna unit designed by the present invention adopts ultra-wideband miniaturized microstrip log-period antenna, and the whole passive antenna array system is composed of ultra-wide-band log-period antenna array and installation chassis. The ultra-wideband log-periodic antenna can perceive the incident electromagnetic wave signal in a wide frequency range. Based on the conformal layout with the installation platform, it can sense the polarization information of the incident electromagnetic wave signal and realize polarization sensitivity. In terms of radiation pattern, it is required that the main beam of the passive antenna points to the axial direction of the platform and has sufficient pattern coverage, that is, within a given space angle range, the receiving gain of the antenna can meet the index requirements of signal receiving sensitivity .
对数周期天线具有周期性的几何结构，高频辐射振子位于天线的上部区域， 低频辐射振子位于天线的底部区域，这种上窄下宽的结构方式更有利于被动天线 在天线罩内的安装；馈电方式一般为在集合线的顶部馈电，加工实现方式可采用 金属杆状结构和印刷电路结构。印刷对数周期偶极子天线(PLPDA)为非频变结构， 具有宽带、宽角特性，且其结构简单，易于加工，在雷达、通信侦察系统阵列天 线中应用广泛。本发明天线采用印刷电路工艺，将辐射振子印制在介质基片的两 面。由于最长辐射振子的尺寸与最低工作频率的半波长相比拟，在一些空间受限 的场合或组阵的情况下，传统PLPDA的应用受到限制，因此本发明采用了对PLPDA 的小型化措施，包括对应低频的振子的曲折线技术和终端加载技术。因为对数周 期直偶极子天线的振子单元是半波振子，所以工作在高频波段的对数周期直偶极 子天线的横向尺寸很大。为了减小对数周期偶极子天线的横向尺寸必须降低每个 振子单元的谐振高度。这方面代表性的方法有：加载法、螺旋偶极子法、弯曲偶 极子法、倾斜偶极子法等。本发明采用仅对低频振子的局部加载方案，对高频振 子影响较小。在对数周期天线的设计中，在集合线底部，即靠近低频振子处，加 载宽带匹配负载，吸收低频段的反射波信号，进一步改善低频段的电压驻波比性 能。The log-periodic antenna has a periodic geometric structure. The high-frequency radiating element is located in the upper area of the antenna, and the low-frequency radiating element is located in the bottom area of the antenna. This narrow top and bottom wide structure is more conducive to the installation of the passive antenna in the radome ; The feeding method is generally feeding on the top of the assembly line, and the processing method can adopt a metal rod structure and a printed circuit structure. Printed Log Periodic Dipole Antenna (PLPDA) is a frequency-invariant structure with broadband and wide-angle characteristics, and its structure is simple and easy to process. It is widely used in array antennas of radar and communication reconnaissance systems. The antenna of the present invention adopts the printed circuit technology, and the radiation oscillator is printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate. Since the size of the longest radiating vibrator is comparable to the half-wavelength of the lowest operating frequency, the application of traditional PLPDA is limited in some space-limited occasions or in the case of arrays, so the present invention adopts miniaturization measures for PLPDA, Including the meander line technology and terminal loading technology of the vibrator corresponding to the low frequency. Because the vibrator unit of the logarithmic periodic straight dipole antenna is a half-wave dipole, the lateral dimension of the logarithmic periodic straight dipole antenna working in the high frequency band is very large. In order to reduce the lateral size of the log-periodic dipole antenna, the resonance height of each dipole unit must be reduced. The representative methods in this respect are: loading method, spiral dipole method, curved dipole method, inclined dipole method, etc. The present invention adopts a local loading scheme only on the low-frequency vibrator, which has little influence on the high-frequency vibrator. In the design of the log-periodic antenna, a broadband matching load is loaded at the bottom of the collection line, that is, close to the low-frequency oscillator, to absorb the reflected wave signal in the low-frequency band, and further improve the VSWR performance in the low-frequency band.
对数周期天线的所有振子尺寸和振子之间的距离等天线构成要素都要遵循 一定的比例关系。如果用τ来表示该比例系数，在这里我们称τ为比例因子，则 要求：All dipole dimensions of the log-periodic antenna and antenna elements such as the distance between dipoles must follow a certain proportional relationship. If τ is used to represent the scale factor, here we call τ a scale factor, then requires:
式中Ln为第n个对称振子的全长；an为第n个对称振子的宽度；Rn为第n个 对称振子到天线虚拟“顶点”的距离；n为对称振子的序列编号，从距离馈电点 最远的振子算起，也就是最长的振子编号为“1”。In the formula, L n is the full length of the nth symmetrical oscillator; a n is the width of the nth symmetrical oscillator; R n is the distance from the nth symmetrical oscillator to the virtual "vertex" of the antenna; n is the serial number of the symmetrical oscillator, Counting from the vibrator farthest from the feeding point, that is, the longest vibrator is numbered "1".
印刷对数周期天线制作在微带基板上，它采用现代光刻工艺制作，具有重量 轻、体积小、制作精度高、一致性好的优点。印刷对数周期天线用于导引头不仅 可以发挥该体制天线频带宽的优点，而且增益比平面螺旋天线高。因为普通圆柱 振子对数周期天线的设计方法很成熟，所以先设计出所需要频段的普通对数周期 天线参数，在此基础上进行修正。天线基板对印刷振子和印刷集合线起到介质加 载的作用，因此在一般对数周期天线的设计基础上，印刷对数周期天线的振子长 度、振子间隔和振子宽度要视加载情况作相应的修正，介质加载的好处是可以减 小天线尺寸，可采用全波分析的方法进行修正。本发明设计的宽带对数周期天线 的模型如图3所示。The printed logarithmic periodic antenna is made on the microstrip substrate, which is made by modern photolithography technology, and has the advantages of light weight, small size, high manufacturing precision and good consistency. The printed logarithmic periodic antenna used in the seeker can not only take advantage of the frequency bandwidth of the system antenna, but also have higher gain than the planar helical antenna. Because the design method of the ordinary cylindrical dipole logarithmic periodical antenna is very mature, the parameters of the ordinary logarithmic periodical antenna in the required frequency band are designed first, and then the correction is made on this basis. The antenna substrate plays a role of dielectric loading on the printed oscillator and the printed assembly line. Therefore, on the basis of the design of the general logarithmic periodic antenna, the length of the oscillator, the interval between the oscillators and the width of the oscillator of the printed logarithmic periodic antenna should be corrected according to the loading situation. , the advantage of dielectric loading is that the size of the antenna can be reduced, and it can be corrected by the method of full-wave analysis. The model of the broadband log-periodic antenna designed by the present invention is shown in Figure 3.
为了提高主动雷达天线阵列和被动雷达天线阵列之间的隔离特性，同时对被 动雷达天线的波束宽度进行赋形，本发明设计了一种金属栅网结构的电磁屏蔽结 构，如图1所示。金属网栅作为一种非连续的透明导电结构，可以通过改变结构、 材料参数来实现特定的滤波功能。金属网栅具有更好的品质因数,在实际应用中 其重要性不断增长。由于金属网栅的周期远小于被动雷达的工作波长，具有较高 的反射率，可在屏蔽电磁干扰方面获得重要的应用。电磁屏蔽效能随着探测频率 的增大而减小，并且随着周期的增加，频率的影响有逐渐增大的趋势。作为一种 非连续的透明导电金属网栅，可以通过改变结构、材料参数来实现特定的滤波功 能。其中之一是网格连通结构，对电磁波的作用等效于一个简单的电感电容并联 振荡电路，其电纳是电感性的，称为电感性网栅，另一种是它的互补结构，称为 电容性网栅。本发明中所指网栅均是指电感性网栅膜。由于被动雷达波长远大于 网栅周期，具有较高的反射率而呈现出电磁屏蔽特性；而在高频波段，由于波长 远小于网栅周期，可以得到较高的透射率而呈现出透波特性。当把这种金属网栅 制用于导弹制导等领域，对微波的高反射性能，可以有效地缩减雷达散射截面， 达到隐身的目的，因此在军事上具有重要的应用价值。In order to improve the isolation characteristics between the active radar antenna array and the passive radar antenna array, and simultaneously shape the beam width of the passive radar antenna, the present invention designs an electromagnetic shielding structure with a metal grid structure, as shown in Figure 1. As a discontinuous transparent conductive structure, the metal grid can achieve specific filtering functions by changing the structure and material parameters. Metal grids have a better quality factor and their importance in practical applications continues to grow. Since the period of the metal grid is much smaller than the working wavelength of the passive radar, it has a high reflectivity and can be used in shielding electromagnetic interference. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness decreases with the increase of the detection frequency, and with the increase of the period, the influence of the frequency tends to increase gradually. As a discontinuous transparent conductive metal grid, specific filtering functions can be realized by changing the structure and material parameters. One of them is a grid connected structure, which acts on electromagnetic waves as a simple inductance-capacitor parallel oscillation circuit, whose susceptance is inductive, called inductive grid, and the other is its complementary structure, called is a capacitive grid. All grids referred to in the present invention refer to inductive grid films. Because the passive radar wavelength is much longer than the grid period, it has high reflectivity and shows electromagnetic shielding characteristics; while in the high frequency band, because the wavelength is much smaller than the grid period, it can get higher transmittance and show transmission wave. sex. When this metal grid is used in missile guidance and other fields, the high reflection performance of microwaves can effectively reduce the radar scattering cross section and achieve the purpose of stealth, so it has important application value in the military.
实施例：Example:
本发明设计了一个具体的主被动复合极化敏感天线阵列结构装置，采用全波 电磁仿真软件对该天线阵列进行了性能仿真和优化设计，仿真实验结果验证了本 发明所提出的极化敏感阵列天线装置的可行性和有效性。The present invention designs a specific active-passive composite polarization-sensitive antenna array structure device, uses full-wave electromagnetic simulation software to carry out performance simulation and optimized design of the antenna array, and the simulation experiment results verify the polarization-sensitive array proposed by the present invention Feasibility and effectiveness of antenna installations.
本发明设计的共面波导馈电的双极化微带贴片天线的电磁仿真模型中，两个 极化端口是是对称的。两个极化端口的电压驻波比特性分别如图4所示，端口之 间的隔离度如图5所示。由图可见，该天线在工作频率范围内的电压驻波比小于 2，各个端口之间的隔离度平均大于20dB，带双极化电子系统的应用要求。In the electromagnetic simulation model of the coplanar waveguide-fed dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna designed by the present invention, the two polarization ports are symmetrical. The VSWR characteristics of the two polarized ports are shown in Figure 4, and the isolation between the ports is shown in Figure 5. It can be seen from the figure that the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna in the working frequency range is less than 2, and the isolation between each port is greater than 20dB on average, which is required for the application of electronic systems with dual polarization.
为了表征该天线的辐射特性，图6和图7分别给出两个极化端口在中心频率 时的辐射增益方向图和轴比方向图的仿真结果。由仿真结果可以看出，该天线在 两个极化端口上均表现出良好的方向图性能，主辐射方向上的增益大于20dB， 轴比大于35dB，具有良好的正交双极化性能，交叉极化电平很低，相对于传统 的微带或同轴探针激励的双极化微带天线，本发明设计的双极化天线极化特性更 为理想，仿真结果表明了预期的设计效果；适当增加天线单元个数和孔径尺寸， 天线阵列可达到预期的更高增益。In order to characterize the radiation characteristics of the antenna, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 respectively show the simulation results of the radiation gain pattern and the axial ratio pattern of the two polarization ports at the center frequency. It can be seen from the simulation results that the antenna exhibits good pattern performance on both polarization ports, the gain in the main radiation direction is greater than 20dB, the axial ratio is greater than 35dB, and has good orthogonal dual polarization performance. The polarization level is very low. Compared with the dual-polarized microstrip antenna excited by the traditional microstrip or coaxial probe, the polarization characteristics of the dual-polarized antenna designed by the present invention are more ideal, and the simulation results show the expected design effect ; Properly increasing the number of antenna elements and aperture size, the antenna array can achieve higher expected gain.
图8和图9分别给出了设计的宽带LPDA在频率为f1处和f2处的辐射方向图 仿真结果。在两个工作频点上，设计的宽带LPDA的增益分别约为6.6dB和6.1dB， 主辐射方向的大于35dB，具有良好的线极化特性。在频率为f1处，设计的LPDA 在xoz面和yoz面的半功率波束宽度分别约为66度和123度。在频率为f2处， 设计的LPDA在xoz面和yoz面的半功率波束宽度分别约为66度和132度。Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the simulation results of the radiation pattern of the designed wideband LPDA at frequencies f1 and f2 respectively. On the two operating frequency points, the gains of the designed broadband LPDA are about 6.6dB and 6.1dB respectively, and the main radiation direction is greater than 35dB, which has good linear polarization characteristics. At frequency f 1 , the half-power beamwidths of the designed LPDA in the xoz plane and yoz plane are about 66 degrees and 123 degrees, respectively. At frequency f2 , the half-power beamwidths of the designed LPDA in the xoz plane and yoz plane are about 66 degrees and 132 degrees, respectively.
在随形平台安装条件下，本发明设计的宽带LPDA的辐射方向图受到金属栅 网的约束，方向图的波束宽度实现赋形。图10和图11给出了在存在金属栅网条 件下的宽带LPDA在频率为f1处和f2处的辐射方向图仿真结果。在两个工作频点 上，设计的宽带LPDA的增益分别约为6.6dB和6.1dB，主辐射方向的大于35dB， 具有良好的线极化特性。在频率为f1处，设计的LPDA在xoz面和yoz面的半功 率波束宽度分别约为61度和110度。在频率为f2处，设计的LPDA在xoz面和 yoz面的半功率波束宽度分别约为73度和76度。可以看出，进入金属栅网后， LPDA的在yoz面的波束宽度得以压缩，在xoz面变化不大，实现了预期的方向图 赋形效果。Under the installation condition of the conformal platform, the radiation pattern of the broadband LPDA designed in the present invention is constrained by the metal grid, and the beam width of the pattern is shaped. Figure 10 and Figure 11 show the simulation results of the radiation pattern of the broadband LPDA at frequencies f1 and f2 under the condition of the presence of metal grids. On the two operating frequency points, the gains of the designed broadband LPDA are about 6.6dB and 6.1dB respectively, and the main radiation direction is greater than 35dB, which has good linear polarization characteristics. At frequency f1 , the half-power beamwidths of the designed LPDA in the xoz plane and yoz plane are about 61 degrees and 110 degrees, respectively. At frequency f2 , the half-power beamwidths of the designed LPDA in the xoz plane and yoz plane are about 73 degrees and 76 degrees, respectively. It can be seen that after entering the metal grid, the beam width of the LPDA on the yoz plane is compressed, and the beam width on the xoz plane does not change much, realizing the expected pattern forming effect.
综上所述，本发明提出了一种基于主被动复合的极化敏感阵列天线装置，采 用与平台随形布局的宽带对数周期天线和双极化微带贴片阵列的复合方案，在整 个工作频段内均实现了极化敏感能力，在极化敏感阵列实现方案上具有创新性。 本发明设计了一种基于共面波导馈电的双极化微带贴片形式，可改善双极化贴片 天线的极化特性，降低辐射场的交叉极化电平，适合于双极化雷达系统应用，在 主动雷达天线设计上具有创新性和实用性。本发明采用小型化对数周期天线作为 被动雷达天线单元，引入振子局部曲折线和阻抗加载实现天线的小型化，有效降 低了天线的低频段的阻抗匹配特性。本发明引入金属栅网结构作为主被动雷达天 线内之间的隔离装置，有效改善了天线之间的电磁兼容性，并可实现对被动雷达 天线的波束控制，减少了电磁干扰。本发明适用于星载、机载、弹载以其他相关 的无线电测向系统，具有更为全面的参数测量功能和平台的适应性。In summary, the present invention proposes a polarization-sensitive array antenna device based on active-passive combination, which adopts a composite scheme of broadband log-periodic antenna and dual-polarization microstrip patch array arranged in conformity with the platform. Polarization-sensitive capabilities are realized in the working frequency band, and it is innovative in the implementation of polarization-sensitive arrays. The present invention designs a dual-polarized microstrip patch form based on coplanar waveguide feeding, which can improve the polarization characteristics of the dual-polarized patch antenna, reduce the cross-polarization level of the radiation field, and is suitable for dual-polarization The application of radar system is innovative and practical in the design of active radar antenna. The invention adopts a miniaturized logarithmic periodic antenna as a passive radar antenna unit, introduces a local meander line of the vibrator and impedance loading to realize the miniaturization of the antenna, and effectively reduces the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna in the low frequency band. The invention introduces the metal grid structure as the isolation device between the active and passive radar antennas, which effectively improves the electromagnetic compatibility between the antennas, and can realize the beam control of the passive radar antennas, reducing electromagnetic interference. The invention is applicable to spaceborne, airborne, missile-borne and other related radio direction finding systems, and has more comprehensive parameter measurement functions and platform adaptability.
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| CN114725662A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-08 | 安徽大学 | A microstrip-fed planar circularly polarized antenna based on magnons and electric vibrators |
| CN114725662B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-06-27 | 安徽大学 | Microstrip feed plane circularly polarized antenna based on magnon and electric vibrator |
| CN115332810A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-11 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Flat-top beam radial waveguide slot array antenna and flat-top beam generation method |
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