CN108106916A - A kind of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient earth pillar direction quick leaching and real-time pretreatment unit - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient earth pillar direction quick leaching and real-time pretreatment unit Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021393 food security Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置，包括淋溶系统与预处理系统，淋溶系统沿淋溶液流动方向依次设有储水池、第一蠕动泵以及淋溶管；淋溶管位于淋溶支架内，上端设有一进水口，与位于淋溶支架外的第一蠕动泵相连，下端设有一出水口，与预处理系统相连；预处理系统位于淋溶系统的下方，设置有取样器、稀释池、混合器与去色反应滤斗；取样器为开有三路管道接头的取样器，分别与淋溶系统、稀释池以及混合器的一端相连，稀释池与混合器的另一端则分别连有第一氮养分待测池以及与第二氮养分待测池相连的去色反应滤斗。本发明的优点在于：克服了传统化肥土柱淋溶方法耗时过长、淋溶液处理繁杂的问题，提高了淋溶的效率和重复性。
The invention discloses a rapid leaching and real-time pretreatment device for fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column, which comprises a leaching system and a pretreatment system. The leaching pipe is located in the leaching bracket, and the upper end is provided with a water inlet, which is connected with the first peristaltic pump located outside the leaching bracket, and the lower end is provided with a water outlet, which is connected with the pretreatment system; the pretreatment system is located in the leaching system. Below, there are samplers, dilution tanks, mixers and decolorization reaction filter funnels; the samplers are samplers with three-way pipe joints, which are connected to the leaching system, dilution tank and one end of the mixer respectively. The other end of the device is respectively connected with the first nitrogen nutrient test pool and the decolorization reaction filter connected with the second nitrogen nutrient test pool. The invention has the advantages of overcoming the problems of long time consumption and complicated treatment of the leaching solution in the traditional fertilizer soil column leaching method, and improving the leaching efficiency and repeatability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及土壤农化领域，尤其涉及一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置。The invention relates to the field of soil agrochemicals, in particular to a rapid leaching and real-time pretreatment device for fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column.
背景技术Background technique
研究表明，我国施入土壤的肥料约有30％—50％经土壤淋失而进入地下水，这不仅浪费了大量的农业资源，从而增加了农业生产成本，更重要的是，大量流失的氮、磷对水资源和水生生态系统够成了严重的威胁。另一方面，为确保国家粮食安全，化肥作为粮食中的粮食将在今后相当长一段时间内必须继续施用。在环境和产量的双重压力下，大力研发、推广应用环境友好高效缓控释化肥已然成为我国农业的当务之急。Studies have shown that about 30%-50% of the fertilizers applied to the soil in my country enter the groundwater through soil leaching, which not only wastes a lot of agricultural resources, thereby increasing the cost of agricultural production, but more importantly, a large amount of lost nitrogen, Phosphorus poses a serious threat to water resources and aquatic ecosystems. On the other hand, in order to ensure national food security, chemical fertilizers, as food in food, will have to continue to be used for a long period of time in the future. Under the dual pressure of the environment and production, it has become an urgent task for my country's agriculture to vigorously develop, promote and apply environmentally friendly and efficient slow-release fertilizers.
在缓控释化肥的研发过程中，科研部门经常通过土柱淋滤实验来模拟评价化肥在土壤中的养分流失情况，从而对产品配方和工艺进行优化以提高养分利用率，减少对环境的污染。目前，化肥土柱淋滤评价有很多方法，但都避免不了由于土壤过水慢、结构复杂而引起的淋滤时间过长、重复性差的问题，另外针对淋溶液的养分测定通常需要经过取样、稀释、定容、显色、清洗等多道程序，费时费力，数据误差和精度受人工操作影响较大，且所取的检测点有限，不能充分反应养分溶出的过程。In the research and development process of slow and controlled release chemical fertilizers, scientific research departments often use soil column leaching experiments to simulate and evaluate the nutrient loss of chemical fertilizers in the soil, so as to optimize the product formula and process to improve nutrient utilization and reduce environmental pollution. . At present, there are many methods for evaluating the leaching of chemical fertilizer soil columns, but none of them can avoid the problems of long leaching time and poor repeatability caused by the slow water flow and complex structure of the soil. In addition, the nutrient determination of the leaching solution usually requires sampling, Multiple procedures such as dilution, constant volume, color development, and cleaning are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Data errors and accuracy are greatly affected by manual operations, and the detection points taken are limited, which cannot fully reflect the process of nutrient dissolution.
本发明在淋溶过程中采用特定设计的淋溶管和蠕动泵配合使用，保证土柱淋溶液快速而均匀持续地流出，同时对淋出液进行自动稀释去色好养分浓度检测，大大缩短了土柱淋溶检测时间，提高了检测效率，且保证了较高的重复性。In the leaching process, the present invention uses a specially designed leaching tube and a peristaltic pump to ensure that the soil column leaching solution flows out quickly, evenly and continuously. The soil column leaching detection time improves the detection efficiency and ensures high repeatability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种通过蠕动泵管路恒压淋吸、自动稀释、自动去色而完成对化肥土柱淋溶及淋溶液的预处理的化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a fertilizer nitrogen nutrient that completes the leaching of the fertilizer soil column and the pretreatment of the leaching solution through the peristaltic pump pipeline constant pressure leaching, automatic dilution, and automatic decolorization. Soil column rapid leaching and real-time pretreatment device.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的，本发明包括淋溶系统与预处理系统，所述淋溶系统沿淋溶液流动方向依次设有储水池、第一蠕动泵以及淋溶管；所述淋溶管位于淋溶支架内，上端设有一进水口，与位于淋溶支架外的第一蠕动泵相连，下端设有一出水口，与预处理系统相连；The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions. The present invention includes a leaching system and a pretreatment system. The leaching system is sequentially provided with a water storage tank, a first peristaltic pump and a leaching pipe along the flow direction of the leaching solution; the leaching The tube is located in the leaching bracket, with a water inlet at the upper end, connected to the first peristaltic pump located outside the leaching bracket, and a water outlet at the lower end, connected with the pretreatment system;
所述预处理系统位于淋溶系统的下方，设置有取样器、稀释池、混合器与去色反应滤斗；所述取样器为开有三路管道接头的取样器，分别与淋溶系统、稀释池以及混合器的一端相连，所述稀释池与混合器的另一端则分别连有第一氮养分待测池以及与第二氮养分待测池相连的去色反应滤斗。The pretreatment system is located below the leaching system, and is provided with a sampler, a dilution tank, a mixer and a decolorization reaction filter hopper; the sampler is a sampler with a three-way pipe joint, which is connected to the leaching system, the dilution One end of the pool and the mixer is connected, and the other end of the dilution pool and the mixer is respectively connected with the first nitrogen nutrient test pool and the decolorization reaction filter connected with the second nitrogen nutrient test pool.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述淋溶管内设有沙土肥混合层，所述沙土肥混合层的上下两端还分别设有一与之平行相接的第一石英砂隔离层与第二石英砂隔离层。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, a mixed layer of sandy soil and fertilizer is provided in the leaching pipe, and a first quartz sand isolation layer and a second Quartz sand isolation layer.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述沙土肥混合层为沙土比例为(1-4):(6-9)的沙土肥混合层，含水量为20-40％。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the sand-soil-fertilizer mixed layer is a sand-soil-fertilizer mixed layer with a ratio of sand to soil (1-4):(6-9), and the water content is 20-40%.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述取样器与淋溶系统之间通过第二蠕动泵相连。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the sampler is connected to the leaching system through a second peristaltic pump.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述第一氮养分待测池为氨氮待测池与硝氮待测池，二者分别通过三通接头与稀释池相连；所述第二氮养分待测池为尿素待测池。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the first nitrogen nutrient testing pool is the ammonia nitrogen testing pool and the nitrate nitrogen testing pool, and the two are respectively connected to the dilution pool through a three-way joint; the second nitrogen nutrient testing pool The pool is the pool to be tested for urea.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述稀释池为开有三路管道接头的稀释池，分别与取样器、三通接头以及储水池相连，所述稀释池与储水池、取样器之间均通过第三蠕动泵相连接。As one of the preferred forms of the present invention, the dilution pool is a dilution pool with three-way pipe joints, which are respectively connected to the sampler, the tee joint, and the water storage pool, and the dilution pool, the water storage pool, and the sampler are all passed through A third peristaltic pump is connected.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述去色反应滤斗为带有滤纸的开口锥形漏斗或底部有过滤玻璃砂芯的密封玻璃管，其上下端还分别开有反应入口与反应出口。As one of the preferred forms of the present invention, the decolorization reaction filter funnel is an open conical funnel with filter paper or a sealed glass tube with a filter glass sand core at the bottom, and a reaction inlet and a reaction outlet are respectively opened at the upper and lower ends.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述混合器与去色反应滤斗还分别通过第四蠕动泵连接试剂瓶，所述试剂瓶为氯化钙试剂瓶与氢氧化钠试剂瓶。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the mixer and the decolorization reaction filter hopper are also respectively connected to reagent bottles through a fourth peristaltic pump, and the reagent bottles are calcium chloride reagent bottle and sodium hydroxide reagent bottle.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述去色反应滤斗的反应出口还可设有第五蠕动泵。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the reaction outlet of the decolorization reaction filter hopper can also be provided with a fifth peristaltic pump.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述第三蠕动泵的乳胶管直径为Ф0.4-0.6mm，其余蠕动泵的乳胶管直径均为Ф1-2mm。As one of the preferred forms of the present invention, the diameter of the latex tube of the third peristaltic pump is Ф0.4-0.6 mm, and the diameter of the latex tube of the other peristaltic pumps is Ф1-2 mm.
作为本发明的优选方式之一，所述第四蠕动泵的流速为1.0-1.3mL/min，其余蠕动泵的流速均为10-13mL/min。As one of the preferred modes of the present invention, the flow rate of the fourth peristaltic pump is 1.0-1.3 mL/min, and the flow rates of the other peristaltic pumps are all 10-13 mL/min.
本发明相比现有技术的优点在于：采用蠕动泵管路恒流恒压淋吸、自动稀释、自动去色的方法快速完成化肥土柱淋溶和对溶出的多种化肥氮养分进行快速预处理，有效克服了传统化肥土柱淋溶方法耗时过长、淋溶液处理繁杂的问题，提高了土柱淋溶的效率，通过归一化的淋溶参数设置也提高了淋溶液结果的重复性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of: using the methods of peristaltic pump pipeline constant current and constant pressure leaching, automatic dilution, and automatic decolorization to quickly complete the leaching of fertilizer soil columns and quickly pre-prepare the dissolved nitrogen nutrients of various fertilizers. It effectively overcomes the traditional fertilizer soil column leaching method that takes too long and the leaching solution is complicated, improves the efficiency of soil column leaching, and improves the repeatability of the leaching solution results through normalized leaching parameter settings. sex.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是实施例1中的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置的整体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a kind of chemical fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column rapid leaching and the overall structure schematic diagram of real-time pretreatment device in embodiment 1;
图2是实施例1中的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置的淋溶管结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a kind of chemical fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column rapid leaching and the leaching pipe structure schematic diagram of real-time pretreatment device in embodiment 1;
图3是实施例1中的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置的去色反应滤斗示意图；Fig. 3 is a kind of chemical fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column rapid leaching and the decolorization reaction filter hopper schematic diagram of real-time pretreatment device in embodiment 1;
图4是实施例1中的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置的普通复合肥(对比)与控失型复合肥的硝氮待测液的检测效果图；Fig. 4 is a kind of chemical fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column rapid leaching in embodiment 1 and the detection effect figure of the common compound fertilizer (contrast) of the real-time pretreatment device and the nitrate nitrogen test solution of the control loss type compound fertilizer;
图5是实施例1中的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置的普通复合肥(对比)与控失型复合肥的氨氮待测液的检测效果图；Fig. 5 is a kind of chemical fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column rapid leaching in embodiment 1 and the detection effect figure of the common compound fertilizer (comparison) of real-time pretreatment device and the ammonia nitrogen test liquid of control loss type compound fertilizer;
图6是实施例1中的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置的普通复合肥(对比)与控失型复合肥的尿素待测液的检测效果图。Fig. 6 is a diagram of the detection effect of the common compound fertilizer (comparison) and the urea test solution of the loss-controlling compound fertilizer of a kind of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column fast leaching and real-time pretreatment device in Example 1.
图中：1为储水池，2为第一蠕动泵，3为淋溶管，31为进水口，32为出水口，33为沙土肥混合层，34为第一石英砂隔离层，35为第二石英砂隔离层，4为淋溶管架，5为第二蠕动泵，6为取样器，7为稀释池，8为混合器，9为去色反应滤斗，91为反应入口，92为反应出口，93为过滤玻璃砂芯，10为第一氮养分待测池，101为氨氮待测池，102为硝氮待测池，11为第二氮养分待测池，111为尿素待测池，12为三通接头，13为第三蠕动泵，14为第四蠕动泵，15为氯化钙试剂瓶，16为氢氧化钠试剂瓶。In the figure: 1 is the water storage tank, 2 is the first peristaltic pump, 3 is the leaching pipe, 31 is the water inlet, 32 is the water outlet, 33 is the mixed layer of sand, soil and fertilizer, 34 is the first quartz sand isolation layer, 35 is the second Two quartz sand isolation layers, 4 is a leaching pipe rack, 5 is a second peristaltic pump, 6 is a sampler, 7 is a dilution tank, 8 is a mixer, 9 is a decolorization reaction filter bucket, 91 is a reaction inlet, and 92 is Reaction outlet, 93 is filter glass sand core, 10 is the first nitrogen nutrient test pool, 101 is ammonia nitrogen test pool, 102 is nitrate nitrogen test pool, 11 is the second nitrogen nutrient test pool, 111 is urea test pool pool, 12 is a tee joint, 13 is a third peristaltic pump, 14 is a fourth peristaltic pump, 15 is a calcium chloride reagent bottle, and 16 is a sodium hydroxide reagent bottle.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明，本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
实施例1Example 1
如图1-图3所示，本实施例的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置，包括淋溶系统与预处理系统；淋溶系统沿淋溶液流动方向依次设有装有无氨水的储水池1、第一蠕动泵2以及淋溶管3；储水池1通过第一蠕动泵2的乳胶管和淋溶管架4上内的淋溶管3上端的进水口31相连，淋溶管3下端的出水口32则通过抽吸淋溶液的第二蠕动泵5的乳胶管连至预处理系统；淋溶管3内设有沙土肥混合层33，沙土肥混合层33为沙土比例为2:8的沙土肥混合层，含水量为30％，其上下两端还分别设有与之平行相接的第一石英砂隔离层34与第二石英砂隔离层35；As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a kind of quick leaching and real-time pretreatment device of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column of the present embodiment comprises leaching system and pretreatment system; A water storage tank 1 with or without ammonia water, a first peristaltic pump 2 and a leaching pipe 3; the water storage tank 1 is connected to the water inlet 31 at the upper end of the leaching pipe 3 in the leaching pipe frame 4 through the latex pipe of the first peristaltic pump 2 , the water outlet 32 at the lower end of the leaching pipe 3 is connected to the pretreatment system by the latex pipe of the second peristaltic pump 5 that sucks the leaching solution; The sand-soil-fertilizer mixed layer with a sand-soil ratio of 2:8 has a water content of 30%, and its upper and lower ends are respectively provided with a first quartz sand isolation layer 34 and a second quartz sand isolation layer 35 parallel to it;
预处理系统位于淋溶系统的下方，设置有取样器6、稀释池7、混合器8与去色反应滤斗9；取样器6为开有三路管道接头的取样器，分别与淋溶系统、稀释池7以及混合器8的一端相连，其中与淋溶系统之间通过第二蠕动泵5相连；稀释池7与混合器8的另一端则分别连有第一氮养分待测池10以及与第二氮养分待测池11相连的去色反应滤斗9，第一氮养分待测10池具体为氨氮待测池101与硝氮待测池102，二者分别通过三通接头12与稀释池7相连，第二氮养分待测池11具体为尿素待测池111；稀释池7为开有三路管道接头的稀释池，分别与取样器6、三通接头12以及储水池1相连，稀释池7与储水池1、取样器6之间均通过第三蠕动泵13相连接；去色反应滤斗9为带有滤纸的开口锥形漏斗，其上下端还分别开有反应入口91与反应出口92；混合器8与去色反应滤斗9还分别通过第四蠕动泵14连接氯化钙试剂15瓶与氢氧化钠试剂瓶16；The pretreatment system is located below the leaching system, and is provided with a sampler 6, a dilution tank 7, a mixer 8 and a decolorization reaction filter hopper 9; One end of the dilution pool 7 and the mixer 8 is connected, wherein it is connected with the leaching system through the second peristaltic pump 5; The decolorization reaction filter 9 connected to the second nitrogen nutrient test pool 11, the first nitrogen nutrient test pool 10 is specifically the ammonia nitrogen test pool 101 and the nitrate nitrogen test pool 102. Pond 7 links to each other, and the second nitrogen nutrient test pool 11 is specifically urea pool 111 to be tested; Dilution pool 7 is the dilution pool that has three-way pipeline joint, links to each other with sampler 6, tee joint 12 and water storage pool 1 respectively, dilutes The pool 7 is connected to the water storage pool 1 and the sampler 6 through the third peristaltic pump 13; the decolorization reaction filter funnel 9 is an open conical funnel with filter paper, and its upper and lower ends are respectively provided with reaction inlets 91 and reaction ports. Outlet 92; Mixer 8 and decolorization reaction filter hopper 9 also connect 15 bottles of calcium chloride reagent and sodium hydroxide reagent bottle 16 by the 4th peristaltic pump 14 respectively;
其中，第三蠕动泵13的乳胶管直径为Ф0.5mm，其余蠕动泵的乳胶管直径均为Ф2mm；第四蠕动泵14的流速为1.3mL/min，其余蠕动泵的流速均为13mL/min。Among them, the diameter of the latex tube of the third peristaltic pump 13 is Ф0.5mm, and the diameter of the latex tube of the other peristaltic pumps is Ф2mm; the flow rate of the fourth peristaltic pump 14 is 1.3mL/min, and the flow rate of the other peristaltic pumps is 13mL/min .
本发明工作原理为：无氨水被第一蠕动泵2按13mL/min的流速从储水池1中泵出到淋溶管3的进水口，对待测样品进行淋溶，淋溶管3中的样品用4g复合肥与100g沙土混合，沙土比为2:8，若进行土柱培养则含水量设置为30％，沙土肥混合层33上下各设置有10g石英砂，用于均匀分散淋溶水下行淋洗和过滤土壤颗粒，淋溶管3的出水口32接至第二蠕动泵5乳胶管(Φ2mm)，按比第一蠕动泵2稍大的转速进行抽吸淋溶液，以保证淋溶液快速持续稳定输出；第二蠕动泵5输出后的淋溶液接至取样器6，取样器6中的液体一部分通过第三蠕动泵13细乳胶管(Φ0.5mm)抽走接至稀释池7，第三蠕动泵13的另一粗乳胶(Φ3mm)从储水池1抽取无氨水至稀释池7，对待测液体进行稀释，稀释比例可根据预判浓度对相应管径进行调整(20-200倍)，稀释后的待测液从稀释池7经三通接头12分别进入氨氮待测池101和硝氮待测池102；取样器6的另一端口接至混合器8，与通过第四蠕动泵14从氯化钙试剂瓶15抽取的氯化钙溶液进行混合，混合器8的另一端口则接至去色反应滤斗9，含有氯化钙的待测液和通过第四蠕动泵14从氢氧化钠试剂瓶16抽取的氢氧化钠在去色反应滤斗9中进行反应，形成氢氧化钙胶体吸附淋溶液中的颜色，去色后的待测液经滤斗过滤后下滴至尿素待测池111中。The working principle of the present invention is: the ammonia-free water is pumped out from the storage tank 1 to the water inlet of the leaching pipe 3 by the first peristaltic pump 2 at a flow rate of 13 mL/min, and the sample to be tested is leached, and the sample in the leaching pipe 3 Mix 4g of compound fertilizer with 100g of sand and soil, and the ratio of sand to soil is 2:8. If the soil column is cultivated, the water content is set to 30%, and 10g of quartz sand is respectively arranged on the top and bottom of the sand and soil fertilizer mixed layer 33, which is used to evenly disperse the leaching water and go down. Drench and filter the soil particles, the water outlet 32 of the leaching pipe 3 is connected to the latex tube (Φ2mm) of the second peristaltic pump 5, and the leaching solution is sucked at a slightly higher speed than the first peristaltic pump 2 to ensure that the leaching solution is quickly Continuous and stable output; the shower solution after the output of the second peristaltic pump 5 is connected to the sampler 6, and part of the liquid in the sampler 6 is sucked away by the third peristaltic pump 13 thin latex tube (Φ0.5mm) and connected to the dilution pool 7. The other coarse latex (Φ3mm) of the three peristaltic pumps 13 draws ammonia-free water from the storage tank 1 to the dilution tank 7, and dilutes the liquid to be tested. The dilution ratio can be adjusted according to the predicted concentration (20-200 times) of the corresponding pipe diameter. The diluted liquid to be tested enters the ammonium nitrogen test pool 101 and the nitrate nitrogen test pool 102 respectively from the dilution tank 7 through the tee joint 12; The calcium chloride solution extracted from the calcium chloride reagent bottle 15 is mixed, and the other port of the mixer 8 is then connected to the decolorization reaction filter funnel 9, and the liquid to be tested containing calcium chloride is mixed with hydrogen by the fourth peristaltic pump 14. The sodium hydroxide extracted by the sodium oxide reagent bottle 16 is reacted in the decolorization reaction filter funnel 9 to form the color in the calcium hydroxide colloidal adsorption drenching solution, and the test solution after decolorization is filtered by the filter funnel and dripped into the urea to be treated. In the measuring pool 111.
此发明中快速持续输出的各氮养分待测液还可接至氮养分流动在线分析装置，又可实时反映各养分在土柱淋溶过程的浓度变化和趋势，作为缓控释肥料养分释放的定性和定量分析手段；In this invention, the nitrogen nutrient solution to be tested that is output rapidly and continuously can also be connected to the nitrogen nutrient flow online analysis device, which can also reflect the concentration change and trend of each nutrient in the soil column leaching process in real time, and can be used as a nutrient release mechanism for slow and controlled release fertilizers. Qualitative and quantitative analysis tools;
本实施例以普通复合肥(对比)与控失型复合肥作为样品分别得到其对应的各氮养分待测液，再通过在线分析装置的紫外分光光度计检测二者各养分浓度及变化趋势对比图(其对应的硝氮、氨氮以及尿素检测效果分别如图4、图5和图6所示)，其中图4、图5和图6均是以时间为横坐标，以吸光度为纵坐标的反映各养分浓度变化趋势的坐标图。In this example, ordinary compound fertilizer (comparison) and loss-controlling compound fertilizer are used as samples to obtain the corresponding nitrogen nutrient solution to be tested, and then the concentration of each nutrient and the change trend of the two are detected by the ultraviolet spectrophotometer of the online analysis device. Figure (the corresponding detection results of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and urea are shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 respectively), wherein Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 all take time as the abscissa and absorbance as the ordinate A coordinate diagram reflecting the variation trend of each nutrient concentration.
实施例2Example 2
本实施例的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置与实施例1的一种化肥氮养分土柱快速淋溶和实时预处理装置基本相同，其区别在于：(1)沙土肥混合层33为沙土比例为3:7的沙土肥混合层，含水量为40％；(2)去色反应滤斗的反应出口还设有第五蠕动泵(图中未画出)，去色后的待测液经去色反应滤斗过滤后经第五蠕动泵抽吸至尿素待测池中；(3)如图3所示，去色反应滤斗9为底部有过滤玻璃砂芯93的密封玻璃管，利用管内压力可加快去色过滤速度。The fast leaching and real-time pretreatment device of a kind of fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column of the present embodiment is basically the same as the fast leaching and real-time pretreatment device of a kind of chemical fertilizer nitrogen nutrient soil column of embodiment 1, and its difference is: (1) sand The soil fertilizer mixed layer 33 is a sandy soil fertilizer mixed layer with a ratio of sandy soil of 3:7, and the water content is 40%; After coloring, the liquid to be tested is filtered through the decolorization reaction filter funnel and sucked into the urea test pool by the fifth peristaltic pump; (3) as shown in Figure 3, the decolorization reaction filter funnel 9 has a filter glass sand core at the bottom 93 sealed glass tube, using the pressure inside the tube can speed up the decolorization and filtration speed.
此外，上述实施例1-2中的沙土肥混合层33的沙土比例均经过不断优化所得，该比例的沙土比例可使本装置的土柱淋溶效率达到最佳。In addition, the sand-soil ratio of the sand-soil-fertilizer mixed layer 33 in the above-mentioned embodiments 1-2 is obtained through continuous optimization, and the sand-soil ratio of this ratio can make the soil column leaching efficiency of the device reach the best.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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