CN108090285B - Micro-meteorological observation point distribution method for wind disaster monitoring of transmission lines with complex terrain - Google Patents
Micro-meteorological observation point distribution method for wind disaster monitoring of transmission lines with complex terrain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种适用于复杂地形输电线路风灾监测的微气象观测布点方法。该方法依据历史灾情资料统计分析，提出基于规则的空间叠加方法，综合中尺度天气预报模式中不同高度风场模拟和地理信息系统空间分析方法，实现区域内输电线路微气象观测站点选择，并利用布点观测及模型模拟，可实时动态掌握区域内不同高度风场分布情况，监测输电线路塔站遭受风灾分布情况，为确保电力安全运行提供技术保障，形成一套完整的室内综合模拟分析与野外实际踏勘相结合的选点技术流程。有效解决无法预测区域内输电线路遭受风灾后该塔站出现断电的问题。本发明方案新颖，布点结果代表性强，可为输电线路大风气象灾害监测网络布设提供技术支撑，且易于推广及实施。
The invention relates to a micro-meteorological observation point distribution method suitable for wind disaster monitoring of power transmission lines with complex terrain. Based on the statistical analysis of historical disaster data, this method proposes a rule-based spatial superposition method, which integrates the simulation of wind fields at different heights in the mesoscale weather forecast model and the spatial analysis method of geographic information systems, and realizes the selection of micro-meteorological observation sites for transmission lines in the region, and uses Point distribution observation and model simulation can dynamically grasp the distribution of wind fields at different heights in the region in real time, monitor the distribution of wind disasters in transmission line towers and stations, provide technical support for ensuring the safe operation of power, and form a complete set of indoor comprehensive simulation analysis and field practice. The technical process of site selection combined with reconnaissance. Effectively solve the problem of power failure of the tower station after the transmission line in the unpredictable area suffers from wind disaster. The present invention has a novel scheme and strong representativeness of point layout results, can provide technical support for the layout of a transmission line gale meteorological disaster monitoring network, and is easy to popularize and implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microclimate observation. In particular to a microclimate observation point distribution method suitable for wind disaster monitoring of a power transmission line with complex terrain. The method provides space superposition based on the complicated terrain tower stations, can quickly select the most representative power transmission line tower station under the complicated terrain condition from a plurality of power transmission line tower stations as a wind field monitoring point, is convenient for installation of a micrometeorological observation instrument, and provides early warning for safe operation of the power transmission line.
Background
The wind field of the mountainous terrain is different from that of a flat landform condition, and the complex terrain of the mountainous area can obviously change the distribution of the wind speed of the flowing wind in the near stratum in the vertical direction and the turbulent flow structure, so that the characteristic wind field structure characteristics of the mountainous terrain, such as mountainous wind, canyon wind and the like, are formed. When the airflow passes through the peak, the airflow is blocked by the peak and flows around from the top and two sides of the peak, and the airflow is accelerated. When airflow enters the canyon from a flat open landscape, the airflow speed is increased due to the reduction of the area of the flow cross section, and the narrow tube effect of the canyon wind field is formed.
With the leap development of the power industry in China, the power transmission demand is continuously increased, various ultra-high voltage and large-span transmission towers are continuously put into construction and use, the large-span transmission towers are usually constructed at positions (such as mountaintops) with higher terrain in mountainous areas, a plurality of current transmission lines are arranged in complicated mountainous areas, and the wind field acceleration effect caused by the complicated terrain and landforms in the mountainous areas causes very serious adverse effects on the wind resistance of the transmission towers. The instantaneous wind speed causes hidden danger to the safety of the power transmission line. How to reduce the sudden power failure caused by wind disaster to the power transmission line and ensure the power utilization safety of the power transmission line and the downstream industry and agriculture. Generally, the number of power transmission line tower stations in one area is large, how to select the limited and most representative tower stations from the large number of power transmission line tower stations as a platform for carrying a microclimate observation system to realize scientific and reasonable monitoring of wind farms in the area, and then providing accurate assimilation data of wind farm early warning for a meteorological numerical mode becomes a difficult point of the current power transmission line meteorological monitoring, and is also a problem to be solved urgently in the power industry.
In the current domestic and foreign specifications, the regulations on the characteristics of the mountain wind field are mostly simple, the mountain wind field environment is generally considered by increasing the coefficient of a power transmission tower through wind speed, a given approximate estimation formula is generally only suitable for a two-dimensional situation, wind speed profile data of a front windward side and a back windward side of a hillside are given, data under the three-dimensional situation of the whole mountain are not considered, and the study on the canyon wind effect formed by two mountains is lacked.
The basis for researching and early warning and forecasting the wind field characteristics of the complex mountain land terrain is to arrange a large number of automatic microclimate stations, so that the wind load characteristics of hilly and canyon terrains and the wind load effect of the hilly and canyon terrains on the power transmission tower can be accurately and reasonably mastered under the real-time change condition of meteorological conditions, and the method has important significance for ensuring the safe use and operation of power transmission lines in mountainous areas.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the instantaneous wind speed in the power industry causes hidden danger to the safety of a power transmission line, the invention aims to provide a microclimate observation point distribution method suitable for monitoring the wind disaster of the power transmission line in a complex terrain. The method comprises the steps of firstly, based on a power grid transmission line and wind disaster monitoring historical data thereof, comprehensively utilizing elements such as elevation grading, landform units, gradient slope direction, earth surface coating, average wind speed and average wind direction, establishing a representative tower station selection rule, and comprehensively utilizing a space superposition analysis method to realize representative tower station selection in an area, thereby simplifying the installation process of a microclimate instrument, facilitating the detection of wind field distribution in the whole area and providing technical support for the safety of the power grid transmission line in the area.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a microclimate observation point distribution method suitable for wind disaster monitoring of a power transmission line with complex terrain comprises the following steps:
collecting conventional monitoring data of meteorological stations in the region, comprising: wind speed, wind direction, temperature, precipitation, air pressure, regional high-precision topographic and topographic data, soil, vegetation, land utilization/coverage (LUCC) and other data, regional satellite remote sensing data (vegetation index (NDVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), land surface albedo and the like), and data of all power transmission line towers and historical wind disaster accidents of the power towers in the region;
secondly, carrying out elevation zoning according to topographic and geomorphic data, grading the zones by adopting an equal difference of 500m, simultaneously carrying out base touch on gradient and slope direction data in a topographic and geomorphic data zone, carrying out statistical analysis on the incidence rate of wind disaster accidents of a historical power tower, and establishing a gradient grading database;
thirdly, selecting a strong wind accident tower as an accident area observation station according to the years of statistical data of the meteorological station, and carrying out encrypted observation according to the height of each tower pole, the wind speed nearby and the geographic conditions of the wind direction and the terrain;
selecting a mountainous area, an air port with complex terrain, a bealock, a watershed, a mountain top protrusion and a windward slope as stations for observing the mountainous area with multiple occurrence of the wind disaster of the power transmission line and the complex terrain;
fifthly, overlapping the observation stations selected from the third step, obtaining stations by solving intersection, meeting regional selection, preferably selecting power supply and good communication based on overlapping results, and using traffic convenience as stations;
sixthly, performing field survey verification by crossing the result of the preferred site and the model simulation result, and finally determining a space distribution scheme of the monitored site;
and seventhly, mounting a meteorological sensor on the power transmission line tower station alternative point, continuously operating and observing for a long time.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention realizes a network distribution design scheme of the transmission line wind disaster microclimate observation station under the complex environmental condition by analyzing and counting the historical disaster situation of the transmission line tower stations in the area, the distribution of the near stratum wind field in the area, the frequently occurring rate of the wind disaster accidents of the power tower and the altitude of the gradient transmission line in the high mountain complex terrain area, then superposing all the transmission line tower stations analyzed and counted in the area, selecting limited and representative stations from tens of thousands of tower stations and carrying out field reconnaissance on the selected stations. The scheme is suitable for wind disaster monitoring work of the power transmission lines in different areas in China, can be used as an icing and other natural disaster observation network, and has good applicability and expandability.
2. The invention combines methods of numerical simulation, space analysis of a Geographic Information System (GIS) and the like by utilizing a mesoscale weather numerical forecasting mode (WRF), and a point selection method combining indoor microclimate site distribution selection and field on-site exploration, scientifically and reasonably integrates the numerical forecasting mode (WRF), thereby greatly improving the point selection efficiency, realizing scientific and reasonable monitoring of wind fields in regions and reducing the labor cost and the expenditure cost.
3. Aiming at the microclimate monitoring of the power transmission line in the complex area, the method provides a new idea for quickly selecting meteorological disaster monitoring sites of the power transmission line in the alpine region, effectively improves the construction working process of the microclimate monitoring network in the complex underlying surface and the topographic region, reduces the field exploration workload, improves the point arrangement working efficiency, and saves the labor and financial cost. The method utilizes the microclimate observation instrument to monitor the wind field in the region and utilizes the meteorological numerical mode to predict the wind field in the region, thereby realizing the early warning of the wind field of the power transmission line, particularly the strong wind. The method can be popularized to other industries, and provides service for the construction of meteorological disaster monitoring stations in different industries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spatial superposition method based on a set point according to the present invention. In the drawings
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Fig. 2 is a flow chart of wind disaster monitoring and distribution of the transmission line according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the microclimate observation point elevation distribution of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a microclimate observation grid point and a gale field prediction distribution diagram according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment as follows:
a microclimate observation point distribution method suitable for wind disaster monitoring of a power transmission line with complex terrain comprises the following steps:
1. point arranging scheme
In order to realize scientific, reasonable and high-precision wind field distribution early warning of a complex terrain area, conventional monitoring data of an meteorological station in the area are consulted firstly, the Global Analysis data (FNL for short) provided by the latest National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) of the United states is obtained and used as an initial field for numerical mode simulation, the data has higher time and spatial resolution than reanalysis data, the WRF mode is used for simulating the distribution condition of a near-stratum wind field in a research area, and the maximum wind and the average wind at the height of 10 meters of the near-stratum in specified time are output; then inputting wind field distribution data, power transmission line tower station data, elevation zone data and the like into a GIS system; the optimal point distribution area is searched by adopting a natural space superposition method; and determining the microclimate distribution scheme of the power transmission line in the final designated area by integrating factors such as traffic convenience, wireless communication signal stability and the like. A microclimate observation system based on a power grid power transmission line and wind disaster monitoring data thereof depends on a power transmission line tower station, and comprises: the method comprises the steps of acquiring microclimate observation data serving as real data of a numerical forecasting mode, and inputting the acquired microclimate observation data into a numerical meteorological mode (WRF) by utilizing an assimilation technology, so that a real-time data basis is provided for establishment of a power transmission line tower station, more accurate simulated wind field information is obtained, and scientific technical support is provided for prevention and control of wind disasters of power transmission lines in an area.
2. Carrying out the step
The method provides a power transmission line wind field monitoring microclimate observation point distribution method based on combination of rules and space superposition. The method is realized by the following procedures:
selection of power transmission line tower station
According to elevation grading, average wind direction, maximum wind speed, earth surface coverage, slope direction and geomorphic unit in an area, selecting the most representative power transmission line tower station from a plurality of power transmission line tower stations as the distribution of a microclimate observation platform near-stratum wind field, predicting the wind field distribution, particularly the distribution (average wind direction and maximum wind speed) of the near-stratum (20 m and 50m height) wind field by using a WRF mode prediction function, establishing elevation grading, slope direction and geomorphic unit subareas in the area based on a geographic information system space analysis function, and selecting the most representative power transmission line tower station from the plurality of power transmission line tower stations as the basis of the microclimate observation platform, wherein the bases comprise:
(1) and the high wind accident tower station is used as an alternative tower station. According to the statistics data of many years, the accident tower is selected as an accident area observation station, encrypted observation is carried out according to the height of each tower pole and the geographic conditions of nearby terrains, two layers of observation devices are erected on the tower poles to carry out wind speed gradient observation, meanwhile, partial stations and tower poles with the altitude difference of about 500 meters are erected in nearby small wind areas, and partial stations are erected to form altitude gradient observation.
(2) And (5) gradient observation of a complex terrain area of the high mountain. The wind disaster of the power transmission line mostly occurs in mountainous areas, the terrain is complex, the set observation station density considers the region range represented by each station, and the preferred wind port, the bealock, the watershed, the mountain top protrusion and the windward slope are used as observation stations. When the altitude drop of an observation station of the power tower is large, the highest point, the lowest point and the middle point are used as gradient observation to study the influence of the terrain influence on the wind speed change. Wind disasters mostly occur in canyon regions, and microclimate monitoring sites are respectively distributed along the valley in the upward and downward wind directions.
(3) And simulating the encrypted observation in a strong wind area. According to the distribution conditions of the big wind area simulated by the WRF and the actual big wind multi-generation area with observation data, microclimate observation stations are arranged in the big wind multi-generation area, altitude gradient observation is carried out according to the line density and the altitude fall condition, and meanwhile, wind speed gradient observation can be carried out.
(4) And (5) observing the uniform distribution of different elevations. According to the altitude condition of the power transmission line, automatic meteorological stations with different altitude layers are uniformly selected in the vertical direction to form an observation station network with different altitudes. And acquiring the highest altitude and the lowest altitude of the region by GIS data, grading by 500 meters, and ensuring that monitoring points exist in different decomposed altitude gradients.
Second, the spatial expression of the monitoring points
And expressing various types of data of the selected monitoring points in the step I in a form of a space layer, wherein the power transmission line tower station is stored in space in a form of vector points, other various types of information are firstly entered in a form of space raster data, data preprocessing is completed, and then the data are converted into a space vector format for space analysis.
Space superposition method based on monitoring points
And (3) superposing various elements (including power transmission line tower stations, wind field data, topographic and geomorphic data and the like) expressed in the monitoring point space image layer. The overlapped points meet the selected points of the basis area simultaneously through a method of solving intersection, and a point-based spatial data overlapping analysis method is shown in figure 1, and the optimal distribution point is selected from a plurality of power transmission line tower stations to be used as a platform for installing the microclimate observation instrument.
Selecting the optimal area
Based on the spatial data superposition of points, selecting the optimal point distribution area from the selection points of the areas by a method of solving intersection as the optimal area for selecting the power transmission line tower station,
selecting optimum tower station
Based on the optimal selection area, the selection of the power transmission line tower station is combined with local traffic, mobile signals and the like, and the tower station which is convenient to install and stable in communication signals is preferentially selected from the optimal tower station area to serve as the installation platform of the microclimate observation system. The observation result is used as assimilation data and used for WRF mode refined wind field simulation; in the observation result, unreasonable data is correspondingly processed, invalid data in the original data are removed, a measuring point and a meteorological station with the best correlation coefficient are selected as references, and valid data are interpolated.
3. Meteorological sensor mounting
According to ground meteorological observation standards and standards designed in the power industry, meteorological sensors are installed on a tower pole, and the height is unified to be a position 10 meters away from the ground, so that no shielding is required near or above the height of 10 meters around the tower pole, such as no big tree, and the safety live working requirement is met. The communication is good and there is CDMA/GPRS signal at the place where the finger is set up; secondly, carrying out encrypted iron tower wind speed gradient observation on the accident area and the strong wind area, and erecting two-layer observation platforms of 10 meters and 20 meters.
According to the point selection method, the microclimate observation network of the Yunnan major power transmission line is measured and calculated, 37 stations are selected from nearly 2 ten thousand tower stations by combining field investigation results and the quantity (35) of microclimate devices, and 7 stations carry out iron tower wind speed gradient observation, so that a good early warning effect is obtained, and the safety of the major power transmission line is ensured. Fig. 2 shows a distribution of 33 tower rods (4 towers of a pu-er seaside 35KV line are not shown). It can be seen from fig. 3 that the microclimate observation instrument is used for carrying out different elevation observation on the automatic meteorological stations of the power transmission line with different altitude layers, so that the early warning on the wind field of the power transmission line, particularly the strong wind, is realized. The distribution of the selected observation towers over the spring's maximum wind field can be seen in fig. 4.
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| CN110632680B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2022-08-19 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Power transmission line micro-area wind speed estimation method and system |
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| CN111696330B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2023-10-24 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Classification method and system for wind disaster of power transmission line |
| CN109901244B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-07-27 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A method and device for monitoring strong winds of transmission lines in high altitude areas |
| CN110824585B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-01-26 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | A method for determining the mechanism of strong winds in complex terrain areas |
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| CN114282392A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | A point distribution method for observing the interaction process of the alpine lake and the atmosphere |
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