CN108061519B - Device and method for measuring horizontal displacement of building structure seismic isolation bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for measuring horizontal displacement of a seismic isolation support of a building structure, and belongs to the technical field of deformation monitoring of building structures. The device comprises a shock insulation support, a structural upper surface at the position of the shock insulation support, a structural lower surface at the position of the shock insulation support, a rigid reflecting plate A, a rigid reflecting plate B, a cushion block, a laser displacement sensor A and a laser displacement sensor B, wherein the rigid reflecting plate A and the rigid reflecting plate B are arranged on the structural upper surface at the position of the shock insulation support, and the two rigid reflecting plates are vertically arranged at two different positions and form a certain included angle on a plane; and a laser displacement sensor A and a laser displacement sensor B are arranged on the lower surface of the structure of the vibration isolation support, and the light beam of the laser displacement sensor is perpendicular to the rigid reflector. The method can determine the direction and the size of the relative displacement of the upper surface and the lower surface of the shock insulation support by measuring the displacement in two oblique directions. The invention provides incomparable installation convenience, and the device is simple and easy to operate.

Description

Device and method for measuring horizontal displacement of building structure seismic isolation bearing

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of building structure deformation monitoring, in particular to a measuring device and method for the horizontal displacement of a building structure isolation support.

Background technique

For structures with seismic isolation bearings, when temperature changes or other factors cause structural deformation, large horizontal displacements of seismic isolation bearings may occur. Excessive horizontal displacement of the isolation support will affect the shock absorption effect of the isolation support and affect the safety of the structure. In the local standard of engineering construction in Yunnan Province "Code for Construction and Acceptance of Laminated Rubber Vibration Isolation Bearings for Construction Engineering" DBJ53/T-48-2012, Article 3.2.3 of the upper and lower flanges of the rubber vibration isolation bearings during the construction of the superstructure The relative horizontal displacement of the slab (referred to as the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing) is specified.

In order to understand the horizontal displacement of the isolation bearing during construction and use, it is necessary to measure the displacement. The horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation bearing of the building structure is a plane movement. At present, measuring equipment such as a total station is used to measure the displacement in two mutually perpendicular directions. Due to the limitation of the construction site, the measurement requirements in two mutually perpendicular directions cannot be directly met, and more manpower and material resources are required for multiple conduction measurements. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a simple and effective method for measuring the horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation bearing, so as to understand the displacement of the seismic isolation bearing in time, and avoid excessive deformation of the seismic isolation bearing, which will affect the function of the structure.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the shortcomings of the traditional method for measuring the horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation bearing, the invention provides a measuring device and method for the horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation bearing of a building structure, thereby facilitating the installation of the measuring equipment and the measurement process.

The measuring device includes a shock-isolation support, the upper surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support, the lower surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support, a rigid reflector A, a rigid reflector B, spacers, a laser displacement sensor A and a laser displacement sensor B; The shock-isolation support includes an upper flange plate and a lower flange plate. Rigid reflector A and rigid reflector B are installed on the upper surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support. Rigid reflector A and rigid reflector B are installed vertically , the laser displacement sensor A and the laser displacement sensor B are installed on the lower surface of the structure at the position of the seismic isolation bearing, and a spacer is installed between the laser displacement sensor A, the laser displacement sensor B and the lower surface of the structure at the position of the isolation bearing.

Among them, the length of rigid reflector A and rigid reflector B is the same, and the length of rigid reflector A and rigid reflector B is less than the distance between the upper surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support and the lower surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support ; The width of the rigid reflector A and the rigid reflector B is more than twice the relative horizontal displacement of the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate of the shock-isolation support.

The spacer can make the light beams of the laser displacement sensor A and the laser displacement sensor B project onto the rigid reflector A and the rigid reflector B respectively.

The angle between the rigid reflector A and the rigid reflector B is 30°-150°.

The beam A of the laser displacement sensor A is vertically projected onto the rigid reflector A, and the beam B of the laser displacement sensor B is vertically projected onto the rigid reflector B.

The method for measuring by using the measuring device may further comprise the steps:

S1: Install rigid reflector A and rigid reflector B on the upper surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support, and install the laser displacement sensor A, laser displacement sensor B and pads on the lower surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support;

S2: Measure the direction α' of the rigid reflector A and the direction β' of the rigid reflector B, and calculate the direction α of the beam A and the direction β of the beam B;

S3: When the installation of the device is completed, record the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor A and the rigid reflector A as u _A0 , and the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor B and the rigid reflector B as u _B0 ;

S4: After the horizontal displacement of the shock-isolation support, record the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor A and the rigid reflector A as u _A1 , and the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor B and the rigid reflector B as u _B1 ;

S5: Calculate the direction θ and size u=u ₁ /cosθ of the horizontal displacement of the isolation support, where u ₁ =u _A0 -u _A1 , u ₂ =u _B0 -u _B1 , γ=β-α, c=u ₂ /u ₁ -cosγ, k=c/sinγ,

The intersection of the extension lines of beam A and beam B in S2 is the coordinate origin o, the angle between the line connecting the coordinate origin o and the laser displacement sensor A and the true north direction in a clockwise direction is α, and the connection line between the coordinate origin o and the laser displacement sensor B The included angle with the true north is β, and α' and β' are the included angles after α and β are rotated 90° clockwise.

In S3 and S4, laser displacement sensor A and laser displacement sensor B measure synchronously.

The horizontal displacement of the isolation support in S5 refers to the relative horizontal displacement of the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate of the isolation support.

The beneficial effects of above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention are as follows:

The device and method use the displacement measurement results of two mutually oblique directions to calculate the magnitude and direction of the horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation support, avoiding the requirement of measuring the displacement of two mutually perpendicular directions in the traditional method, which is very important for the seismic isolation support. For the very narrow space of the seat, it provides unparalleled installation convenience, and the method is simple and easy to operate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the layout top view of the measuring device of the horizontal displacement of the building structure seismic isolation bearing of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a side view of device A-A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rigid reflector;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the formula in the derivation process of the data measurement method;

Figure 5 is a diagram of the experimental process of the acute-angle coordinate system model in the derivation process of the data measurement method;

Fig. 6 is the experimental process diagram of the obtuse angle coordinate system model in the derivation process of the data measurement method;

Fig. 7 is the displacement variation curve of the shock-isolation support measured by the laser displacement sensor A in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the variation curve of the displacement of the shock-isolation support measured by the laser displacement sensor B in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the displacement curve of the shock-isolation bearing in the embodiment of the present invention.

Among them: 1-rigid reflector A; 2-shock-isolation support; 3-upper surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support; 4-pad; 5-laser displacement sensor A; 6-under the structure of the position of the shock-isolation support Surface; 7-rigid reflector B; 8-laser displacement sensor B; 9-beam A; 10-beam B; 11-coordinate origin o.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

Aiming at the deformation problem of the existing building structure shock-isolation support, the invention provides a measuring device and method for the horizontal displacement of the building structure shock-isolation support.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the measuring device includes a shock-isolation support 2, a structural upper surface 3 at the position of the shock-isolation support, a structural lower surface 6 at the position of the shock-isolation support, a rigid reflector A1, and a rigid reflector B7 , pad 4, laser displacement sensor A5 and laser displacement sensor B8; the shock-isolation support 2 includes an upper flange plate and a lower flange plate, and the rigid reflector A1 and rigid reflector B7 are installed on the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support Surface 3, rigid reflector A1 and rigid reflector B7 are installed vertically, laser displacement sensor A5 and laser displacement sensor B8 are installed on the lower surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support 6, laser displacement sensor A5, laser displacement sensor B8 and shock-isolation Pad blocks 4 are installed between the lower surfaces of the structure at the bearing position.

The structure and dimensions of the rigid reflector are shown in Figure 3. The length of the rigid reflector A1 and the rigid reflector B7 is the same, and the length of the rigid reflector A1 and the rigid reflector B7 is less than the distance between the upper surface 3 of the structure at the position of the isolation support and the lower surface 6 of the structure at the position of the isolation support The width of the rigid reflector A1 and the rigid reflector B7 is more than twice the relative horizontal displacement of the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate of the shock-isolation support 2.

The pad 4 can make the light beams of the laser displacement sensor A5 and the laser displacement sensor B8 project on the rigid reflector A1 and the rigid reflector B7 respectively.

The angle between the rigid reflector A1 and the rigid reflector B7 is 30°-150°.

The beam A9 of the laser displacement sensor A5 is vertically projected onto the rigid reflector A1, and the beam B10 of the laser displacement sensor B8 is vertically projected onto the rigid reflector B7.

In the specific implementation process, the rigid reflector A1 and the rigid reflector B7 are vertically installed on the upper surface 3 of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support, and the laser displacement sensor A5 and laser displacement sensor B8 are installed on the lower surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support 6. Adjust the height of the laser displacement sensor through the block 4, so that the beam A9 and the beam B10 are vertically projected on the rigid reflector A1 and the rigid reflector B7 respectively. Measure the direction α' of the rigid reflector A1 and the direction β' of the rigid reflector B7. Then, the displacement in two directions is measured by the laser displacement sensor A5 and the laser displacement sensor B8. According to the displacement measured in two directions, the relative displacement of the isolation bearing is calculated.

The displacement calculation derivation process involved in this method is as follows.

As shown in Figure 1, measure the direction of the rigid reflector A1 to α′ and the direction of the rigid reflector B7 to β′, thus calculate the positive direction of the displacement measured by the laser displacement sensor A5 and the laser displacement sensor B8:

α=α′-90° (1)

β=β′-90° (2)

When the device is installed, record the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor A5 and the rigid reflector A1 as u _A0 , and the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor B8 and the rigid reflector B7 as u _B0 . After the horizontal displacement of the isolation support, record the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor A5 and the rigid reflector A1 as u _A1 , and the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor B8 and the rigid reflector B7 as u _B1 .

Due to the different sensors, in order to satisfy the relative displacement value conforming to the vector change, the following discussion will be discussed by taking the distance value obtained by the laser displacement sensor as an example when the reflector is far away from the laser displacement sensor. Then the displacement changes measured by the laser displacement sensor A5 and the laser displacement sensor B8 are:

u ₁ ＝u _A0 -u _A1

(3)u ₂ ＝u _B0 -u _B1

(4) The schematic diagram of displacement calculation is shown in Fig. 4, where x and y are the positive directions of u ₁ and u ₂ respectively. make:

γ=β-α (5)

From trigonometric functions we know:

ucos(γ-θ)=u ₂ (6)

ucosθ=u ₁ (7)

From the ratio of formula (6) and formula (7), we can get:

In formula (8), except θ, all other values are known, so we can get:

tanθ=c/sinγ=k (9)

In the formula, c=u ₂ /u ₁ -cosγ. After obtaining the vector direction θ of the displacement, substituting it into formula (7), we can get:

u=u ₁ /cosθ (11)

Example 1:

In order to verify the correctness of the above theory and the measurement error in the data measurement process, different coordinate system models are used to move to different positions in turn to simulate different deformation conditions of the isolation bearing, and the experimental research on the indoor displacement of the oblique coordinate system is carried out. The experimental model is made of two rigid rods welded at a certain angle. Two experimental models were designed and manufactured: an acute-angle coordinate system model with an included angle of 65°, and an obtuse-angle coordinate system model with an included angle of 116°.

The experimental process of the acute-angle coordinate system model is shown in Figure 5, and the experimental process of the acute-angle coordinate system model is shown in Figure 6. O ₁ is the initial position of the experiment. After the device is installed, measure the directions α′ and β′ of the rigid reflectors A and B; record the reading u _A0 of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor A and the rigid reflector A, and and the reading u _B0 of the distance measured by the rigid reflector B. Then, translate the acute-angle coordinate system model to the positions of O ₂ and O ₃ in sequence, and translate the obtuse-angle coordinate system model to the positions of O ₄ and O ₅ in sequence, and record the reading u of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor A and the rigid reflector A _A1 , the reading u _B1 of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor B and the rigid reflector B, the experimental results are shown in Table 1. Among them, U _X and U _y represent the displacement components in the X and Y directions; the negative sign in the table only means that it is opposite to the assumed positive direction.

It can be seen from the calculation results that the error value of the displacement measurement using the oblique coordinate system is less than 3%. Therefore, this calculation and measurement method is reasonable.

Table 1 Experimental results of the oblique coordinate system model

Example 2:

Select a certain seismic isolation support of a certain structure, the height of the upper and lower space of the seismic isolation support is about 510mm, and the maximum displacement of the support is estimated to be less than 200mm. Make a rigid reflector with a length of L=500mm, a width of B=400mm, and a block height of 20mm. After the installation is completed, it is measured that the direction of rigid reflector A1 is 198.4° to α′, and the direction of rigid reflector B7 to β′ is 291.4°; the reading u _A0 of the distance between laser displacement sensor A5 and rigid reflector A1 is -11.8mm, and The reading u _B0 of the distance between B8 and rigid reflector B7 is 12.7mm.

The data measurement starts at 7:00 in the morning and ends at 18:00 the next day. Laser displacement sensor A5 and laser displacement sensor B8 collect data synchronously. The sampling frequency is 1 hour, and the measurement process lasts for 35 hours. The data changes measured by the laser displacement sensor A are shown in FIG. 7 , and the data changes measured by the laser displacement sensor B are shown in FIG. 8 . Therefore, the displacement change of the seismic isolation bearing calculated according to Equation 11 is shown in Fig. 9.

The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for measuring the horizontal displacement of a building structure isolation bearing, characterized in that: the device used in the method comprises an isolation bearing (2), the structure upper surface (3) of the isolation bearing position, an isolation support The lower surface of the structure at the seat position (6), the rigid reflector A (1), the rigid reflector B (7), the spacer (4), the laser displacement sensor A (5) and the laser displacement sensor B (8); vibration isolation The support (2) includes an upper flange plate and a lower flange plate, the rigid reflector A (1) and the rigid reflector B (7) are installed on the upper surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support (3), and the rigid reflector A (1) and the rigid reflector B (7) are installed vertically, the laser displacement sensor A (5) and the laser displacement sensor B (8) are installed on the lower surface of the structure (6) at the position of the shock-isolation support, and the laser displacement sensor A ( 5) A pad (4) is installed between the laser displacement sensor B (8) and the lower surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation bearing; The method comprises the steps of: S1: Install rigid reflector A (1) and rigid reflector B (7) on the upper surface of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support (3), laser displacement sensor A (5), laser displacement sensor B (8) and pad The block (4) is installed on the structural lower surface (6) of the shock-isolation bearing position; S2: Measure the direction α' of the rigid reflector A (1) and the direction β' of the rigid reflector B (7), and calculate the direction α of the beam A (9) and the direction β of the beam B (10); S3: When the installation of the device is completed, record the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor A (5) and the rigid reflector A (1) as u _A0 , and the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor B (8) and the rigid reflector B (7) The reading of u _B0 ; S4: After the horizontal displacement of the shock-isolation support (2), record the reading of the distance measured by the laser displacement sensor A (5) and the rigid reflector A (1) as u _A1 , the laser displacement sensor B (8) and the rigid reflector A (1) The reading of the distance measured by board B (7) is u _B1 ; S5: Calculate the direction θ and size u=u ₁ /cosθ of the horizontal displacement of the isolation support, where u ₁ =u _A0 -u _A1 , u ₂ =u _B0 -u _B1 , γ=β-α, c=u ₂ /u ₁ -cosγ, k=c/sinγ,

In the step S2, the intersection point of the extension line of the beam A (9) and the beam B (10) is the coordinate origin o (11), and the connection line between the coordinate origin o (11) and the laser displacement sensor A (5) and the true north direction are in the order of The angle between the clockwise rotation is α, the angle between the line connecting the coordinate origin o(11) and the laser displacement sensor B(8) and the north direction is β, and α' and β' are respectively α and β according to the clockwise direction. The included angle after the hour hand turns 90°; The horizontal displacement of the seismic isolation support in the step S5 refers to the relative horizontal displacement of the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate of the seismic isolation support. 2. the method for measuring the horizontal displacement of building structure isolation bearings according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the length of described rigid reflector A (1) and rigid reflector B (7) is identical, rigid reflector A (1) and the length of the rigid reflector B (7) is less than the distance between the upper surface of the structure (3) at the position of the shock-isolation support and the lower surface (6) of the structure at the position of the shock-isolation support; the length of the rigid reflector A (1 ) and the width of the rigid reflector B (7) is more than twice the relative horizontal displacement of the upper and lower flanges of the shock-isolation support (2). 3. The measuring method of the horizontal displacement of the building structure seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spacer (4) can make the laser displacement sensor A (5) and the laser displacement sensor B (8) The beams are projected onto rigid reflector A (1) and rigid reflector B (7) respectively. 4. The method for measuring the horizontal displacement of the building structure isolation bearing according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the rigid reflector A (1) and the rigid reflector B (7) is 30° to 150° °. 5. The method for measuring the horizontal displacement of the building structure seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light beam A (9) of the laser displacement sensor A (5) is vertically projected onto the rigid reflector A (1) , the beam B(10) of the laser displacement sensor B(8) is vertically projected onto the rigid reflector B(7). 6. The method for measuring the horizontal displacement of the building structure seismic isolation bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser displacement sensor A (5) and the laser displacement sensor B (8) measure synchronously in the step S3 and the step S4 .

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