CN108058721A - A kind of rail fastener loose condition detection method and system - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for detecting the loose state of rail fasteners. The method includes: obtaining a three-dimensional frequency spectrum of the rail; and identifying the first characteristic according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional frequency spectrum The type of the fastener corresponding to the frequency band; according to the type of the fastener, the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener are obtained; the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band Perform weighting to obtain the weighted amplitude of the fastener; if it is judged that the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, the fastener is loose, and the method and system can improve The efficiency and accuracy of detecting the loose state of rail fasteners.

Description

A method and system for detecting the loose state of rail fasteners

technical field

The embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of rail safety, and in particular to a method and system for detecting a loose state of a rail fastener.

Background technique

During the high-speed running of the train, the severe vibration of the rail can easily lead to loose bolts or fatigue fracture of the fasteners, and the loosening of a fastener will often induce the loosening of the surrounding fasteners, which will aggravate the dynamic irregularity of the track. And then cause serious train derailment hidden danger.

Until now, whether it is abroad or domestic, in order to prevent the hazards caused by the looseness of the rail fasteners, the relevant preventive measures still rely entirely on manual patrol to detect whether the fasteners on the track are loose, and regularly tighten the rail fasteners. .

Manual patrols are prone to missed inspections, and the efficiency is low. Therefore, how to provide an automatic, efficient and accurate detection method for the loosening state of rail fasteners has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for detecting the loose state of rail fasteners.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting a loose state of a rail fastener, the method comprising:

Obtain the three-dimensional spectrogram of the rail;

Identifying the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrogram;

Obtaining a second characteristic frequency band and a loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener according to the type of the fastener;

Weighting the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band to obtain the weighted magnitude of the fastener;

If it is determined that the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, the fastener is loosened.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a system for detecting a loose state of a rail fastener, the system comprising:

Obtain module, be used for obtaining the three-dimensional spectrogram of steel rail;

A type identification module, configured to identify the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrogram;

A threshold acquisition module, configured to obtain the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener according to the type of the fastener;

A weighting module, configured to weight the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band, to obtain the weighted magnitude of the fastener;

The judging module is configured to, if it is determined that the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, then the fastener is loosened.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, the device includes a memory and a processor, and the processor and the memory communicate with each other through a bus; the memory stores information that can be used by the processor Executable program instructions, the processor calls the program instructions to execute the above method for detecting the loosening state of rail fasteners.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for detecting a loose state of a rail fastener is implemented.

The method and system for detecting the loose state of rail fasteners provided by the embodiments of the present invention obtain the three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the rail, and identify the fastener type corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrum diagram. According to the type of fastener, the second characteristic frequency band corresponding to the fastener and the loosening threshold are obtained, and the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band of the fastener is weighted to obtain the weighted amplitude of the fastener. It is known that if the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, the fastener will loosen. The method and system judge the loose state of the fastener according to the weighted results of the amplitudes of the power spectral densities at one or more frequency bands, which can avoid the occurrence of shifts in characteristic frequencies as the rails and fasteners are continuously used. Misjudgment, and the requirements for the selection of sensors are reduced, and it is robust, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of detecting the loose state of rail fasteners.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for detecting the loose state of rail fasteners provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a rail fastener loose state detection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are the Some, but not all, embodiments are invented. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a loose state of a rail fastener provided in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1 , the method includes:

Step 10, obtain the three-dimensional spectrum diagram of rail;

Step 11. According to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrogram, identify the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band;

Step 12, according to the type of the fastener, obtain the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener;

Step 13, weighting the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band to obtain the weighted magnitude of the fastener;

Step 14. If it is determined that the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, then the fastener is loosened.

Specifically, the system can acquire a three-dimensional spectrogram of the rail to be detected, and the three-dimensional spectrogram can reflect the frequency distribution of the rail to be detected at different positions, and the power spectral density distribution at different frequencies.

In order to comprehensively consider the economical and vibration environmental pollution problems of rail transit, various types of fasteners are used on the rails. For different types of fasteners, their stiffness and damping are completely different, so the rails where different types of fasteners are located Spectrograms are different. Wherein, each type of fastener corresponds to a characteristic frequency band. The system can identify different characteristic frequency bands from the acquired three-dimensional spectrogram. For example, the system can record a recognized characteristic frequency band as the first characteristic frequency band, wherein the first characteristic frequency band can include multiple characteristic frequencies, or Multiple frequency bands may be included, and the system may identify the corresponding type of fastener according to the first characteristic frequency band.

For different types of fasteners, since their stiffness and damping are completely different, different types of fasteners have different characteristic frequency bands after loosening. The system can obtain the corresponding frequency band of the fastener according to the type of fastener identified. The second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold, wherein, the second characteristic frequency band can include multiple characteristic frequencies, and can also include multiple frequency bands. The characteristic frequency band is used instead of a single characteristic frequency because the rail and the fastener are continuously Using , its eigenfrequency shifts, and if a single eigenfrequency is also used to calculate the loose state, misjudgment will occur.

Then, the system can obtain the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band from the obtained three-dimensional spectrum diagram, and weight the magnitude of the power spectral density at each characteristic frequency in the second characteristic frequency band , the weighted amplitude of the fastener can be obtained. Then, the system can compare the obtained weighted amplitude with the loosening threshold of the fastener. If the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosened threshold, it indicates that the fastener has been loosened. If the weighted amplitude of the fastener is less than or equal to the loosening threshold, it means that the fastener has not been loosened.

The method for detecting the loose state of rail fasteners provided by the embodiment of the present invention can detect the loose state of a specific fastener, and judge the looseness of the fastener by weighting the amplitude of the power spectral density at the characteristic frequency band. The detached state can avoid misjudgment caused by the shift of the characteristic frequency as the rail and the fastener are continuously used, and this method has lower requirements for the selection of sensors, which is robust and improves the detection of the loose state of the rail fastener. Efficiency and accuracy of testing.

Optionally, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the acquisition of the three-dimensional spectrogram of the rail includes:

collecting vibration signals of the rail;

Time-frequency analysis is performed on the vibration signal of the rail to obtain a three-dimensional frequency spectrum of the rail.

Specifically, the acquisition process of the three-dimensional spectrogram described in the above embodiments is as follows.

The system can collect the vibration signals of the rail at different positions in real time, and then perform time-frequency analysis on the collected vibration signals to obtain the frequency distribution of the rail at different positions and the power spectral density distribution at different frequencies, that is, the obtained The three-dimensional spectrogram.

Before performing time-frequency analysis on the collected vibration signal, the system can also perform filtering and data smoothing processing on the vibration signal of the rail to remove the noise in the vibration signal and extract effective rail vibration signal from it, which can improve the buckle The accuracy of detecting the loose state of the parts makes the method more scientific.

Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiments, identifying the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrogram includes:

Obtain a fastener type identification feature database;

If the first characteristic frequency band matches the characteristic frequency band of the first fastener type in the fastener type identification database, the first fastener type is used as the type of the fastener.

Specifically, the specific process for the system to identify the type of fasteners according to the three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the rail is as follows.

First, the system can obtain a fastener type identification feature database, which stores characteristic frequency bands corresponding to different fastener types, and can identify the corresponding fastener type according to a certain characteristic frequency band. Different fastener types correspond to different characteristic frequency bands.

Then, the system can identify one or more characteristic frequency bands from the three-dimensional spectrogram of the rail. For example, an identified characteristic frequency band can be recorded as the first characteristic frequency band. If the first characteristic frequency band matches the fastener type identification feature database matches the characteristic frequency band of a certain fastener type, for example, matches the characteristic frequency band of the first fastener type, then the first fastener type is used as the type of the fastener.

In the method for detecting the loose state of rail fasteners provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by obtaining the fastener type identification feature database, if the first characteristic frequency band matches the characteristic frequency band of the first fastener type in the fastener type identification feature database, then Using the first fastener type as the fastener type makes the method more scientific.

Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiment, the obtaining the second characteristic frequency band and loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener according to the type of the fastener includes:

Obtain a fastener loosening identification feature database;

If the type of the fastener matches the type corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band in the fastener loosening identification feature database, then acquire the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band.

Specifically, the process of the system obtaining the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener according to the type of the fastener is as follows.

First of all, the system can obtain the fastener loosening identification feature database, which stores the characteristic frequency bands and loosening thresholds corresponding to different fastener types, and can obtain the corresponding characteristic frequency bands and loosening thresholds according to a certain fastener type. Different fastener types have different corresponding characteristic frequency bands and loosening thresholds.

Then, the system can match the type of the fastener with the fastener type in the fastener loose identification feature database, for example, the type of the fastener can be recorded as type A, if the fastener loose identification feature database When the fastener type is A, the corresponding characteristic frequency band is the second characteristic frequency band, and the corresponding loosening threshold is T, then the system can obtain the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold T corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band.

The rail fastener loose state detection method provided by the embodiment of the present invention obtains the fastener loose identification feature database, if the type of the fastener matches the type corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band in the fastener loose identification feature database, Then the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band are obtained, so that the method is more scientific.

Optionally, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the method further includes:

If it is judged that the fastener is loose, an alarm message is sent.

Specifically, the system detects the loose state of the fastener according to the method described in the above embodiment. If it is known through detection that a certain fastener is loose, the system can send out an alarm message, for example, an audible and visual alarm can be sent out. . In addition, the system can also record and save the results of detecting the loose state of the fasteners, and generate a report in a corresponding format according to the user's requirements for the user's query, which makes the method more scientific.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a rail fastener loose state detection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, the system includes: an acquisition module 20, a type identification module 21, a threshold acquisition module 22, and a weighting module 23 And judging module 24, wherein:

The acquisition module 20 is used to obtain the three-dimensional spectrogram of the rail; the type identification module 21 is used to identify the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrogram; the threshold value acquisition module 22 It is used to obtain the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener according to the type of the fastener; the weighting module 23 is used to calculate the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band Perform weighting to obtain the weighted amplitude of the fastener; the judging module 24 is configured to determine that the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, then the fastener is loosened.

Specifically, the rail fastener loosening state detection system provided by the embodiment of the present invention may include: an acquisition module 20 , a type identification module 21 , a threshold acquisition module 22 , a weighting module 23 and a judgment module 24 .

The acquiring module 20 can acquire the three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the rail to be detected, and the three-dimensional spectrum diagram can reflect the frequency distribution of the rail to be detected at different positions, and the power spectral density distribution at different frequencies.

In order to comprehensively consider the economical and vibration environmental pollution problems of rail transit, various types of fasteners are used on the rails. For different types of fasteners, their stiffness and damping are completely different, so the rails where different types of fasteners are located The 3D spectrogram is different in that there is a characteristic frequency band for each type of fastener. The type identification module 21 can identify different characteristic frequency bands from the obtained three-dimensional spectrogram, for example, the type identification module 21 can record an identified characteristic frequency band as the first characteristic frequency band, wherein the first characteristic frequency band can include A plurality of characteristic frequencies may also include a plurality of frequency bands, and the type identification module 21 may identify the type of the corresponding fastener according to the first characteristic frequency bands.

For different types of fasteners, since their stiffness and damping are completely different, different types of fasteners have different characteristic frequency bands after loosening, and the threshold acquisition module 22 can identify the type of fastener according to the type identification module 21 , to obtain the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener, wherein the second characteristic frequency band may include multiple characteristic frequencies, or may include multiple frequency bands, and the characteristic frequency band is used instead of a single characteristic frequency because As rails and fasteners are continuously used, their eigenfrequency shifts, and if a single eigenfrequency is used to calculate the loose state, misjudgment will occur.

The weighting module 23 can obtain the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band from the obtained three-dimensional spectrum diagram, and calculate the magnitude of the power spectral density at each characteristic frequency in the second characteristic frequency band. Weight, the weighted amplitude of the fastener can be obtained. The judging module 24 may compare the obtained weighted amplitude with the loosening threshold of the fastener. If the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, it means that the fastener has been loosened. If the weighted amplitude of the fastener is less than or equal to the loosening threshold, it means that the fastener has not been loosened.

The function of the rail fastener loose state detection system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be referred to the above-mentioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

In addition, the rail fastener loosening state detection system provided by the embodiment of the present invention may further include: a display module, wherein the display module can display the recognized spatial position of each fastener and the spatial position of the loose fastener in real time , the display module may also include a sub-interface of "viewing historical data", a sub-interface of "analyzing historical data" and a sub-interface of "TDMS->TXT" data conversion, these three sub-interfaces can perform data backtracking, data analysis and data format convert.

The rail fastener loosening state detection system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can realize the analysis of the loosening state of a specific fastener, and judge the buckle according to the weighted result of the amplitude of the power spectral density at one or more frequency bands. The loose state of the parts can avoid the misjudgment caused by the shift of the characteristic frequency as the rails and the fasteners are continuously used, and the system has lower requirements for the selection of sensors, which is robust and improves the accuracy of the rail fasteners. The efficiency and accuracy of detection in the loose state.

Optionally, on the basis of the foregoing embodiments, the acquisition module includes: an acquisition submodule and an analysis submodule, wherein:

The collection sub-module is used to collect the vibration signal of the rail; the analysis sub-module is used to perform time-frequency analysis on the vibration signal of the rail to obtain a three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the rail.

Specifically, the acquisition module described in the above embodiments may include: an acquisition sub-module and an analysis sub-module.

The acquisition sub-module can collect the vibration signals of the rail at different positions in real time, and the analysis sub-module can perform time-frequency analysis on the vibration signals collected by the acquisition sub-module to obtain the frequency distribution of the rail at different positions and the power at different frequencies spectral density distribution, that is, to obtain the three-dimensional spectrogram.

Among them, before performing time-frequency analysis on the collected vibration signal, the analysis sub-module can also perform filtering processing and data smoothing processing on the vibration signal of the rail to remove the noise in the vibration signal and extract an effective rail vibration signal. The accuracy of detecting the loose state of the fastener can be improved, making the system more scientific.

Optionally, on the basis of the above embodiments, the type identification module includes: an acquisition submodule and a matching submodule, wherein:

The obtaining sub-module is used to obtain the fastener type identification feature database; the matching sub-module is used to match the first feature frequency band of the first fastener type in the fastener type identification feature database if the first feature frequency band matches the fastener type identification feature database. The first fastener type is used as the type of the fastener.

Specifically, the type identification module described in the above embodiments may include: an acquisition sub-module and a matching sub-module.

The obtaining sub-module can obtain the fastener type identification feature database, which stores the characteristic frequency bands corresponding to different fastener types, and can identify the corresponding fastener type according to a certain characteristic frequency band. Different fastener types correspond to different characteristic frequency bands.

The matching sub-module can identify one or more characteristic frequency bands from the three-dimensional spectrogram of the rail. For example, an identified characteristic frequency band can be recorded as the first characteristic frequency band. If the first characteristic frequency band is consistent with the fastener type identification feature database matches the characteristic frequency band of a certain fastener type, for example, matches the characteristic frequency band of the first fastener type, then the first fastener type is used as the type of the fastener.

The rail fastener loose state detection system provided by the embodiment of the present invention obtains the fastener type identification characteristic database, if the first characteristic frequency band matches the characteristic frequency band of the first fastener type in the fastener type identification characteristic database, then Using the first fastener type as the type of fastener makes the system more scientific.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3 , the device includes: a processor (processor) 31, a memory (memory) 32, and a bus 33, wherein:

The processor 31 and the memory 32 communicate with each other through the bus 33; the processor 31 is used to call the program instructions in the memory 32 to execute the methods provided in the above method embodiments, For example, it includes: obtaining a three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the rail; according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrum diagram, identifying the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band; according to the type of the fastener, obtaining the fastener. The second characteristic frequency band corresponding to the part and the loosening threshold; the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band of the fastener is weighted to obtain the weighted amplitude of the fastener; if the judgment is known, the If the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, the fastener is loosened.

An embodiment of the present invention discloses a computer program product, the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, The computer can execute the methods provided by the above method embodiments, for example, including: obtaining a three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the rail; and identifying the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrum diagram ; According to the type of the fastener, the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener are obtained; the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band of the fastener is weighted to obtain the The weighted amplitude of the fastener; if it is determined that the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, the fastener is loosened.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions cause the computer to execute the methods provided in the above method embodiments, for example The method includes: acquiring a three-dimensional spectrum diagram of the rail; identifying the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrum diagram; and obtaining the fastener according to the type of the fastener Corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold; weighting the amplitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band of the fastener to obtain the weighted amplitude of the fastener; if the judgment is known, the If the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, the fastener is loosened.

The above-described embodiments such as electronic equipment are only illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, It can be located in one place, or it can be distributed to multiple network elements. Part or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. It can be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts.

Through the above description of the implementations, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course also by hardware. Based on this understanding, the essence of the above technical solution or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products can be stored in computer-readable storage media, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic discs, optical discs, etc., including several instructions to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art The skilled person should understand that: it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the present invention The scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment.

Claims (10)

1. A rail fastener loose state detection method, is characterized in that, comprises: Obtain the three-dimensional spectrogram of the rail; Identifying the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrogram; Obtaining a second characteristic frequency band and a loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener according to the type of the fastener; Weighting the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band to obtain the weighted magnitude of the fastener; If it is determined that the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, the fastener is loosened. 2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the three-dimensional spectrogram of described acquisition rail, comprises: collecting vibration signals of the rail; Time-frequency analysis is performed on the vibration signal of the rail to obtain a three-dimensional frequency spectrum of the rail. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrogram, identifying the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band includes: Obtain a fastener type identification feature database; If the first characteristic frequency band matches the characteristic frequency band of the first fastener type in the fastener type identification database, the first fastener type is used as the type of the fastener. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener according to the type of the fastener comprises: Obtain a fastener loosening identification feature database; If the type of the fastener matches the type corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band in the fastener loosening identification feature database, then acquire the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the second characteristic frequency band. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: If it is judged that the fastener is loose, an alarm message is sent. 6. A rail fastener loose state detection system, characterized in that it comprises: Obtain module, be used for obtaining the three-dimensional spectrogram of steel rail; A type identification module, configured to identify the type of fastener corresponding to the first characteristic frequency band according to the first characteristic frequency band in the three-dimensional spectrogram; A threshold acquisition module, configured to obtain the second characteristic frequency band and the loosening threshold corresponding to the fastener according to the type of the fastener; A weighting module, configured to weight the magnitude of the power spectral density corresponding to the fastener in the second characteristic frequency band, to obtain the weighted magnitude of the fastener; The judging module is configured to, if it is determined that the weighted amplitude of the fastener is greater than the loosening threshold, then the fastener is loosened. 7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the acquisition module comprises: The collection sub-module is used to collect the vibration signal of the rail; The analysis sub-module is used to perform time-frequency analysis on the vibration signal of the rail to obtain a three-dimensional frequency spectrum of the rail. 8. The system according to claim 6, wherein the type identification module comprises: Obtaining a sub-module for obtaining a fastener type identification feature database; The matching submodule is configured to use the first fastener type as the fastener type if the first characteristic frequency band matches the characteristic frequency band of the first fastener type in the fastener type identification database. type. 9. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises a memory and a processor, and the processor and the memory complete mutual communication through a bus; the memory stores program instructions executable by the processor, so The processor can execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 by invoking the program instructions. 10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.