CN108050977B

CN108050977B - Portable railway wheel tread non-roundness rapid measuring instrument

Info

Publication number: CN108050977B
Application number: CN201711485233.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王文健; 宋靖东; 师陆冰; 何成刚; 刘启跃; 郭俊
Original assignee: Southwest Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Southwest Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2017-12-29
Filing date: 2017-12-29
Publication date: 2021-01-29
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-29
Also published as: CN108050977A

Abstract

A portable railway wheel tread out-of-roundness rapid measuring instrument, which is composed of: a front guide wheel and a rear guide wheel are installed on the right side of a vertical frame plate, and the circumferential surfaces of the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel are the same as the wheel to be tested. The shaft of the rear guide wheel passes through the left end of the frame plate and a rotary encoder is installed; the left part of the cross bar is fixed on the top of the frame plate, and the right end of the cross bar is fixed with the shell of the micrometer Connection; the downward probe of the micrometer is in contact with the tread surface of the wheel under test; three universal balls are also installed on the right side of the frame plate; the rotary encoder and the micrometer are electrically connected to the data acquisition device on the frame plate . The device is easy to carry, simple to operate, has high measurement accuracy and good reproducibility; it can measure the out-of-roundness of various railway wheel treads on-site.

Description

Portable railway wheel tread non-roundness rapid measuring instrument

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of wheel detection of railway vehicles, in particular to a portable non-roundness measuring instrument for a tread of a railway wheel.

Background

During the running process of a train, the wheel tread (the contact surface of a wheel and a steel rail) can generate polygonal abrasion, so that the wheel tread is out of round; the out-of-roundness of the wheel needs to be measured periodically for repair or replacement. At present, the out-of-roundness of the wheel tread is mostly measured by adopting an artificial wheel diameter ruler, the measurement is simple, convenient and quick, but the measurement and acquisition data are less, and the positioning precision of the wheel diameter ruler is lower. The laser displacement sensor can also be used for measurement, and the measurement precision is higher. But the wheel to be measured is manually jacked up or placed on a turning machine of the non-falling wheel on the premise of not falling the wheel, and the wheel is manually rotated for measurement; the measurement tool is complex, the measurement steps are complex, the field test time is relatively long, and the rapid measurement and detection on the field are inconvenient. The measurement can also be carried out by using an unshrouded wheel lathe: the lathe is mounted in a pit at the maintenance site, and the vehicle is opened above the lathe during the measurement, and the wheel directly above the lathe is measured by the lathe in the pit. The lathe is fixed and immovable, the lathe is required to be stopped for on-the-spot measurement, and the on-the-spot measurement can not be carried out on the vehicles running on the line, so the operation is complex, time-consuming and labor-consuming.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a portable quick measuring device for the out-of-roundness of the tread of a railway wheel, which is convenient to carry, simple to operate, high in measuring precision and good in reproducibility of test data; the non-roundness of the tread of each railway wheel can be conveniently measured on site on a vehicle.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is that the portable railway wheel tread non-roundness rapid measuring instrument comprises the following components: the right side of the vertical frame plate is provided with a front guide wheel and a rear guide wheel, and the circumferential surfaces of the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel are concave surfaces matched with the wheel rim of the wheel to be detected; the shaft of the rear guide wheel passes through the left end of the frame plate and is provided with a rotary encoder; the left part of the cross rod is fixed on the top of the frame plate, and the right end of the cross rod is fixedly connected with the shell of the micrometer; the probe with the micrometer downward is contacted with the tread of the wheel to be measured; the right side of the frame plate is also provided with three universal balls; the rotary encoder and the micrometer are electrically connected with the data acquisition device on the back of the frame plate.

The working process and principle of the invention are as follows:

during testing, a vehicle is stopped at any position on a line, a measurer holds the frame plate by hand, leans the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel against the wheel to be tested, and enables the circumferential surfaces of the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel to be completely attached to the rim of the wheel to be tested; and the three universal balls are tightly attached to the left side surfaces of the front guide wheel and the rear guide wheel. Then the probe of the micrometer is placed on the wheel tread to be measured, and then the micrometer is set to zero. Operating the frame plate to make the three universal balls roll closely to the left side of the wheel and the front and back guide wheels rotate along the wheel rim of the wheel.

In the rotating process of the frame plate, the rotary encoder transmits a rotation angle signal of the rear guide wheel to the data acquisition device; the data acquisition device receives the rotation angle signal, namely triggers and acquires a wheel radial displacement (diameter difference of wheels) signal of the micrometer; and finally, sending the measured displacement signal data value and the corresponding rotation angle signal data value into a computer for processing to obtain the out-of-roundness of the measured wheel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention relates to a portable railway wheel tread non-roundness rapid measuring instrument, which consists of a frame plate, a front guide wheel, a rear guide wheel, three universal balls, a rotary encoder, a micrometer and a data acquisition device, has simple and light structure, can be carried about, and realizes the on-vehicle, on-site and non-wheel-falling (non-disassembly and non-jacking) measurement of the non-roundness of wheels of vehicles stopped at any positions on a line.

Secondly, measuring the rotation angle of a rotating shaft of the rear guide wheel by a rotary encoder, and synchronously triggering and collecting displacement (diameter difference of the wheel) signals of a micrometer to obtain the out-of-roundness of the wheel; the out-of-roundness of the wheels is irrelevant to the rotating angular speed of the frame plate, namely the rotating speed of the frame has no influence on the measurement result in the measurement process; the measurement data is accurate and reliable, and the repeatability is good. The precision of the micrometer is up to 1 μm, and the measurement precision is high.

And thirdly, the guide wheel adopts a reverse wheel rim design, so that the tread of the guide wheel is perfectly meshed with the outer contour of the wheel rim of the wheel to be measured, the rotation angles of the guide wheel and the circumferential positions of the wheel to be measured are ensured to be in one-to-one correspondence, and the accuracy and reliability of measurement are ensured. Meanwhile, the guide wheels can be quickly disassembled and assembled, and the guide wheels with the wheel rims with different profiles are replaced, so that the out-of-roundness of the wheels with different profiles can be measured.

The plane formed by the tops of the three universal balls is the same plane with the left side surface of the front guide wheel and the left side surface of the rear guide wheel. Therefore, the measuring plane can be accurately positioned, the test plane is ensured not to deviate in the test process, and the test result is more accurate and reliable. Meanwhile, the rotation on the measuring reference plane is realized through the rolling of the ball, so that the friction force is reduced, and the operation is more convenient.

The left end of the cross rod is fixed on the top of the frame plate, and the concrete structure is as follows: the left part of the cross rod is provided with a strip-shaped through groove, and the connecting bolt penetrates through the through groove and is fixed at the top of the frame plate.

The position of the connecting bolt in the through groove is adjusted, so that the axial position of the micrometer on the wheel to be tested can be adjusted in a stepless mode, and out-of-roundness testing of the testing planes with different axial distances of the same wheel is facilitated.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a contact wheel for testing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a contact wheel for testing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a right-side view of an embodiment of the present invention when not tested (i.e., without a wheel).

Detailed Description

Fig. 1-3 show that one embodiment of the present invention is: a portable railway wheel tread non-roundness rapid measuring instrument comprises: the right side of the vertical frame plate 1 is provided with a front guide wheel 2a and a rear guide wheel 2b, and the circumferential surfaces of the front guide wheel 2a and the rear guide wheel 2b are concave surfaces matched with the wheel rim of the wheel 14 to be measured; the shaft of the rear guide wheel 2b passes through the left end of the frame plate 1 and is provided with a rotary encoder 10; the left part of the cross rod 13 is fixed on the top of the frame plate 1, and the right end of the cross rod 13 is fixedly connected with the shell of the micrometer 11; the downward probe of the micrometer 11 is contacted with the tread of the wheel 14 to be measured; the right side of the frame plate 1 is also provided with three universal balls 3; the rotary encoder 10 and the micrometer 11 are both electrically connected with the data acquisition device 8 on the back of the frame plate 1.

Fig. 1-2 show that the plane formed by the tops of the three ball transfer units 3 in this example is the same plane as the left side surface of the front guide wheel 2a and the left side surface of the rear guide wheel 2 b.

The left part of the cross bar 13 of the embodiment is fixed on the top of the frame plate 1, and the concrete structure is as follows: the left part of the cross rod 13 is provided with a strip-shaped through groove 13a, and the connecting bolt 9 passes through the through groove 13a and is fixed on the top of the frame plate 1.

Claims

1. A portable rapid measuring instrument for out-of-roundness of railway wheel tread, which is composed of: a front guide wheel (2a) and a rear guide wheel (2b) are installed on the right side of the vertical frame plate (1), and the front guide wheel ( 2a) and the circumferential surface of the rear guide wheel (2b) are concave surfaces that are matched with the rim of the wheel (14) to be tested; the shaft of the rear guide wheel (2b) passes through the left end of the frame plate (1). the left part of the cross bar (13) is fixed on the top of the rack plate (1), and the right end of the cross bar (13) is fixedly connected with the shell of the micrometer (11); The lower probe is in contact with the tread surface of the wheel (14) under test; three universal balls (3) are also installed on the right side of the frame plate (1); the rotary encoder (10) and the micrometer (11) are connected to the machine. The data acquisition device (8) on the back of the shelf plate (1) is electrically connected; the plane formed by the tops of the three universal balls (3) is connected to the left side of the front guide wheel (2a) and the rear guide wheel (2b) The left side of the cross bar (13) is fixed on the top of the rack plate (1) with the specific structure as follows: the left part of the cross bar (13) is provided with a strip-shaped through groove (13a). ), the connecting bolt (9) is fixed on the top of the frame plate (1) through the through groove (13a); the front and rear guide wheels are designed with reverse rims; during the rotation of the frame plate (1), the rotating The encoder (10) transmits the rotation angle signal of the rear guide wheel (2b) to the data acquisition device (8); the data acquisition device (8) receives the rotation angle signal, that is, triggers the micrometer (11) to collect the wheel ( 14) Radial displacement signal; finally, the measured data value of the radial displacement signal and the corresponding data value of the rotation angle signal are sent to the computer for processing, that is, the out-of-roundness of the wheel (14) under test is obtained.