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CN108048178A - 一种金属精加工用多功能油性切削液及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种金属精加工用多功能油性切削液及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108048178A
CN108048178A CN201711174445.1A CN201711174445A CN108048178A CN 108048178 A CN108048178 A CN 108048178A CN 201711174445 A CN201711174445 A CN 201711174445A CN 108048178 A CN108048178 A CN 108048178A
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cutting fluid
metal finish
agent
extreme pressure
oiliness cutting
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韦桂群
陈云
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Changhong Precision Cutting Tools (dongguan) Co Ltd
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Changhong Precision Cutting Tools (dongguan) Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，各原料的重量百分数为：基础油：75‑98%；极压剂：1‑8%；润滑剂：1‑10%；复配剂：0.1‑7%；所述的基础油为二类加氢油。本发明的极压剂为含硫极压剂及高碱值的石油磺酸钙，其中含硫极压剂含10~30%的硫，具有优异的抗极压性，气味与硫化烯烃的气味相比，可忽略不计，且在100℃以下硫无活性，对有色金属及黑色金属都不腐蚀，同时该添加剂还具有良好的润滑性能。高碱值的石油磺酸钙，可提供很高的抗极压性，同时具有一定的清净能力。

Description

一种金属精加工用多功能油性切削液及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明金属精加工技术领域。尤其涉及一种金属高速精加工用多功能油性切削液，可用于铝合金、铜合金、钢类等多种金属材料的高速高精度铣削。
背景技术
合金类的金属应用最为普遍，如铝合金、不锈钢、铜合金等材料被广泛应用于笔记本电脑、智能手机、钟表等电子产品行业。在这一领域，很多金属零部件都是采用CNC精密机床直接切削加工成型，之后进行如喷砂、抛光、阳极氧化、PVD镀膜、电镀等表面处理。在CNC切削加工中要使用切削液，切削液主要起润滑和冷却作用。目前常用切削液有油性和水性两大类。水性切削液虽然冷却效果好、不可燃，但润滑效果差，存在易生菌发臭、腐蚀机床、导致工人皮肤过敏、需定期更换、废液难以处理等问题。油性切削液除了润滑效果好，还具有不生菌发臭、无需更换、只需定期补加、不腐蚀机床等优点。但是当前市售油性切削液仍存在一些问题，如因含有易挥发成份而易导致车间油雾严重、产品后期清洗困难；此外，还有通用性差，不能同时适用于多种合金的加工，使用中产生难闻的气味、导致工人皮肤过敏的问题。本发明主要针对这些问题进行了研究。
本发明阐述了一种可以用于黑色金属及有色金属高速精加工的油性切削液及其制备方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种油性切削液及其制备方法。本发明提供的金属加工液可用于不锈钢、铝合金、铜合金等多种金属的CNC高速精密铣削加工，且无气味、无氯、磷、活性硫、刺激性组份等危害成分，主要通过添加无危害的高分子类聚合物提高该加工液的性能。使用的基础油为二类加氢油，该类基础油具有更高的抗氧化性，且气味低，无色，同时对于加工黑色金属及有色金属都能起到很好的保护作用，适用性较强。
为实现以上目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，各原料的重量百分数为：基础油：75-98%；极压剂：1-8%；润滑剂：1-10%；复配剂：0.1-7%。
优选地，所述基础油为二类加氢油。
优选地，所述极压剂为含氯极压剂、含硫极压剂及高碱值的石油磺酸盐中的至少一种。
优选地，含氯极压剂为氯化脂肪、氯化石蜡的一种或两种混合，含硫极压剂为硫化烯烃，硫化脂肪、高分子聚合酯类硫化物、多硫化物的一种以上。
优选地，所述含硫极压剂中含10-30%的硫。
优选地，所述润滑剂为高分子量酯类聚合物、环氧脂肪酸甲酯、三羟甲基丙烷酸酯中的至少一种。
优选地，所述复配剂为抗氧化剂、防腐防锈剂、油雾抑制剂中的一种或任意两种以上组合。
优选地，所述抗氧化剂为二叔丁基对甲酚。
优选地，所述防腐防锈剂为石油磺酸钡、石油磺酸钠中的一种或两种。
优选地，所述油雾抑制剂为高分子聚合混合酯类、聚异丁烯、高分子量的聚乙二醇中的至少一种，可起到凝聚小油珠，减少油雾形成的作用。
优选地，所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其制备方法为： S1：将5-20%总量的基础油加入搅拌釜中，依次加入极压剂、润滑剂和复配剂；S2：开启搅拌器，同时启动加热功能，物料升温至70~100℃时，恒温搅拌10-60min，之后关闭加热功能；S3：将余下的基础油加入搅拌釜中，常温下搅拌10-50min即可得到本发明所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液。
本发明的有益效果是：
1.本金属加工液使用的基础油为二类加氢油150N，具有更好的抗氧化性，且气味更低。
2.本金属加工液采用的极压剂，其中含硫极压剂含10-30%的硫，具有优异的抗极压性，气味与硫化烯烃的气味相比，可忽略不计，且在100℃以下硫无活性，对有色金属及黑色金属都不腐蚀，同时该添加剂还具有良好的润滑性能。高碱值的石油磺酸钙，可提供很高的抗极压性。
3.本金属加工液采用的润滑剂为酯类聚合物，可以起润滑和磨擦改进作用，其浅色低气味更有利于加工操作，并具有更好的稳定性能；并且与本发明所用的极压剂复配使用，可起到协同增效的作用。
4.本金属加工液采用的极压剂和润滑剂都与二类加氢油有很好的相溶性。
5.本金属加工液的制备方法简单，能耗低，适合大批量生产。
6.本金属加工液可用于不锈钢、铝合金、铜合金等多种金属的高速切削加工，在转速为15000~20000转/分钟的高速切削过程中，可有效保护切削刀具，同时切削的产品具有良好的表面。
7.本金属加工液可以多次循环使用而性能稳定。
8.本金属加工液粘度低，加工后金属表面易清洗，同时对后处理工序如喷砂、阳极氧化、电镀等无不良影响。
9.本金属加工液在高速切削过程不会产生油雾，同时对操作人员的皮肤无刺激危害。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明并不局限于下面的实例。
本发明的方法中所用到的各类试剂和药品均为常见的化学试剂和药品，制备过程所使用的设备均为常用的已知设备。
实例1：
S1：按重量百分数称取10kg基础油150N加入搅拌釜中，依次加入1kg的高分子聚合酯类硫化物极压剂，2kg的高碱值石油磺酸钙，0.2kg的二叔丁基对甲酚。
S2：开启搅拌器，转速约为60r/min，同时启动加热功能，当物料升温至70~100℃时，恒温搅拌30min，之后关闭加热功能。
S3：称取86.8kg基础油150N加入搅拌釜中，继续搅拌30min即得到100kg的金属加工液。
实例2：
S1：称取10kg基础油150N加入搅拌釜中，依次加入2kg的高分子聚合酯类硫化物极压剂，2kg的高分子量酯类聚合物，0.2kg的二叔丁基对甲酚。
S2：开启搅拌器60r/min，同时启动加热功能，物料升温至70~100℃时，恒温搅拌30min，之后关闭加热功能。
S3：称取85.8kg基础油150N加入搅拌釜中，常温下搅拌30min即可得到金属加工液。
该金属加工液在使用过程，产线无反应有刺激气味或刺激皮肤的问题，高速切削的铝合金、不锈钢、黄铜类产品，其刀具的寿命、产品的良率都能达到与外购的金属加工液相当的效果。
实例3：
S1：称取10kg基础油150N加入搅拌釜中，依次加入3kg的高分子聚合酯类硫化物极压剂，4kg的高分子量酯类聚合物，0.2kg的二叔丁基对甲酚，0.2kg 的高分子聚合混合酯类。
S2：开启搅拌器60r/min，同时启动加热功能，物料升温至70~100℃时，恒温搅拌30min，之后关闭加热功能。
S3：称取82.6kg基础油150N加入搅拌釜中，再加入以上制得的全部浓缩液，常温下搅拌30min即可得到100kg的金属加工液。
实例4：
S1：称取10kg基础油150N加入搅拌釜中，依次加入3kg的高分子聚合酯类硫化物极压剂，2kg的高分子量酯类聚合物，2kg的多硫化物极压剂，0.2kg的二叔丁基对甲酚，0.2kg 的高分子聚合混合酯类。
S2：开启搅拌器60r/min，同时启动加热功能，物料升温至70~100℃时，恒温搅拌30min，之后关闭加热功能。
S3：称取82.6kg基础油150N加入搅拌釜中，再加入以上制得的全部浓缩液，常温下搅拌30min即可得到金属加工液。
该金属加工液可以提供优异的极压性能，更适用于加工高硬度的合金材料。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为了清除起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (10)

1.一种金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：各原料的重量百分数为：基础油：75-98%；极压剂：1-8%；润滑剂：1-10%；复配剂：0.1-7%；所述的基础油为二类加氢油150N。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：所述的极压剂为含氯极压剂、含硫极压剂及高碱值的石油磺酸盐中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：含氯极压剂为氯化脂肪、氯化石蜡的一种或两种混合，含硫极压剂为硫化烯烃，硫化脂肪、高分子聚合酯类硫化物、多硫化物的一种以上。
4.根据权利要求2所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：所述含硫极压剂含10-30%的硫。
5.根据权利要求1所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：所述的润滑剂为高分子量的酯类聚合物、环氧脂肪酸甲酯、三羟甲基丙烷酸酯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：所述的复配剂为抗氧化剂、防腐防锈剂、油雾抑制剂中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：所述抗氧化剂为二叔丁基对甲酚。
8.根据权利要求6所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：所述防腐防锈剂为石油磺酸钡、石油磺酸钠中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求6所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其特征在于：所述油雾抑制剂为高分子聚合混合酯类、聚异丁烯、高分子量的聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
10.权利要求1所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液，其制备方法为：S1：将5-20%总量的基础油加入搅拌釜中，依次加入极压剂、润滑剂和复配剂；S2：开启搅拌器，同时启动加热功能，物料升温至70~100℃时，恒温搅拌10-60min，之后关闭加热功能；S3：将余下的基础油加入搅拌釜中，常温下搅拌10-50min即可得到权利要求1-9任一项所述的金属精加工用多功能油性切削液。
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