CN108046712A - High-strength low-resilience-rate sprayed concrete and construction process thereof - Google Patents
High-strength low-resilience-rate sprayed concrete and construction process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108046712A CN108046712A CN201810036120.5A CN201810036120A CN108046712A CN 108046712 A CN108046712 A CN 108046712A CN 201810036120 A CN201810036120 A CN 201810036120A CN 108046712 A CN108046712 A CN 108046712A
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- gunite concrete
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- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical class [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000007853 Sarothamnus scoparius Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001586 aluminite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
- C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength low-resilience shotcrete and a construction process thereof, belonging to the technical field of building concrete, wherein the shotcrete consists of 15-20% of cement, 3-4% of silica fume, 2-3% of natural zeolite rock powder, 40-50% of sand, 25-35% of broken stone, 0-2% of steel fiber, 0.8-1.2% of liquid alkali-free accelerator and 0.3-0.5% of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer, wherein the percentages are weight percentages. The sprayed concrete has high strength, the later strength does not have the phenomenon of shrinkage, and meanwhile, the rebound rate of the sprayed concrete is as low as 3 percent, compared with the prior construction technology, the sprayed concrete can save a large amount of raw materials, thereby really realizing the green, healthy and sustainable development of the building material industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete and its construction technologies, belong to building concrete technology
Field, particularly high strength spray concrete technical field.
Background technology
The multiphase mixture that concrete is made of water, aggregate, cementitious material and additive.Gunite concrete is by spray
Machinery is penetrated, using compressed air or other power, by by mixs such as the cement of certain match ratio, sand, stone and additives, is led to
It crosses jet pipe to be ejected by spray plane, condenses and harden and molding concrete reinforcement reinforcement material within very short several minutes.
With the development of China's infrastructure, high quality is sprayed in the fields such as concrete protection, repairing, tunnel single shell lining
The demand of concrete is increasingly sharpened, however requirement has not yet been reached in current material prescription and construction technology.At present, gunite concrete
Maximum intensity grade is only capable of reaching C40, and later strength mostly has retraction phenomenon, is unfavorable for gunite concrete long-term behaviour hair
Exhibition.
Existing construction of shotcrete technology is mostly dry sprayig process, that is, by cement, sand, stone and accelerator by certain
It after ratio is mixed into dry mix, is stirred evenly with mixer, then puts into dry spraying machine and be transported to spray with compressed air
Head after water mixing is added at nozzle, is ejected into certain pressure, distance by spray plane.Not only dust is big for the technology, pollution
Environment endangers worker's health, and be difficult to control quality, intensity is relatively low, rebound degree is big.
The formula of existing high strength spray concrete includes cement, sand, stone, sodium metaaluminate class accelerator, high activity
Metakaolin, poly- shuttle hydrochlorate water-reducing agent or how sulfonic formaldehyde condensation compound water-reducing agent；Wherein, the mass ratio of cement, sand and stone is
1:2:2, the dosage of sodium metaaluminate class accelerator is the 2% of the cement consumption；The dosage of high-activity metakaolin is the water
The 5% of mud dosage；Poly- shuttle hydrochlorate water-reducing agent or how the dosage of sulfonic formaldehyde condensation compound water-reducing agent is the cement consumption
0.2%.
The shortcomings that above-mentioned technical proposal：Gunite concrete actual strength is still relatively low, only reaches 30-45MPa, strictly
High-strength shotcrete is not included；Sodium metaaluminate class accelerator can cause late strength of concrete serious influence used in proportioning,
It is unfavorable to concrete durability；Spraying technique is not provided, rebound degree is high.
A kind of existing gunite concrete, the material mixing comprising following weight fraction form, the stone of grain size 0-2.36mm
120 parts of sand, 183 parts of the sand of grain size 2.36-4.75mm, 42.5 grades of cement, 220 parts of R types, 4 parts of tea series high-efficiency water-reducing agent,
3 parts of 6mmPP fibers, 40 parts of swelling agent, 100 parts of nanoscale bloodstone slag powders, 300 parts of the mechanism stone of grain size 4.75-10mm.
The shortcomings that above-mentioned technical proposal：Intensity occurrence is not provided, and morning is strong, high-strength feature is indefinite；3d intensity, which reaches, to be set
More than the 90% of intensity is counted, early strength is developed at a too fast speed, and later stage concrete strength can be impacted, and the heat of hydration necessarily increases
Greatly, application range is limited.
The study found that natural zeolite rock powder is used for gunite concrete, there is higher volcanic ash than flyash and slag powders
Activity.Therefore, the natural crystal resource being largely distributed using China is used as concrete mineral admixture, not only has preferable suitable
With property and economy, and alternative part of cement, low-carbon environment-friendly.
The content of the invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of gunite concrete, makes it have high intensity and low time
Bullet rate.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete, by cement
15%-20%, silicon ash 3%-4%, natural zeolite rock powder 2%-3%, sand 40%-50%, rubble 25%-35%, steel fibre
0%-2%, alkali-free liquid setting accelerator 0.8%-1.2%, high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid 0.3%-0.5% compositions, the percentage
Number is weight percent.
" cement " the commercially available cement available for gunite concrete.
" silicon ash " is the commercially available silicon ash available for gunite concrete, preferably average grain diameter 0.1 μm~
0.3 μm, specific surface area 20m2/ g~28m2Silica fume content is increased to the 3%-4% of gross mass, cementitious material by the silicon ash of/g
The Size Distribution of system is more reasonable, and silicon ash is more fully filled with the gap between cement granules, and the compactness of whole system carries
Height, and have the characteristics that high early strong.
" the natural zeolite rock powder " be commercially available natural zeolite rock powder, preferably I grade of zeolite rock powder, natural zeolite
Rock powder contains a large amount of activity SiO2And Al2O3, can be with Ca (OH)2And CaSO4Reaction generation hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-S-H) and calcium
Aluminite (AFt), the product can be used as micro-aggregate to improve cement mortar grading situation, improve the structural viscosity of concrete mix, increase
Add the caking property of gunite concrete, be conducive to construction of shotcrete；In addition, natural zeolite rock powder has porous structure, can inhale
The water of attached water slurry body, as aquation constantly carries out, slurry Free water is reduced, and zeolite rock powder gradually discharges zeolite water, is played certainly
The effect of maintenance.
" sand " is the commercially available sand available for gunite concrete.
" rubble " is the commercially available rubble available for gunite concrete.
" steel fibre " is the commercially available steel fibre available for gunite concrete, preferably 25mm steel fibres, can
Increase the toughness of gunite concrete, it is made to absorb impact capacity enhancing, the gunite concrete that compressive strength rate is not added with steel fibre is low
6-8MPa, split tensile strength increase.
" alkali-free liquid setting accelerator " be aluminum sulfate class I liquid I alkali-free quick-coagulant, be it is commercially available can be used for spray
The aluminum sulfate class I liquid I alkali-free quick-coagulant of concrete, as Jiangsu Su Bote Co., Ltds sell SBT-1 type accelerators, with silicon
The reciprocation that ash and natural zeolite rock powder generate, can eliminate adverse effect of the accelerator to intensity.
" high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid " is the commercially available poly-carboxylic high-performance available for gunite concrete
Water-reducing agent, the YM-1 type water-reducing agents sold such as Tianjin Yue Ming developments in science and technology Co., Ltd.
The cement is PO42.5 grades of portland cements.
The average grain diameter of the sand is below 4.75mm, preferably 0.75mm-4.75mm, more preferable 1.75mm-4.75mm.
The average grain diameter of the rubble is 4.75mm-15mm.
The alkali-free liquid setting accelerator addition ratio recommends volume (it is the 8wt% that businessman gives that dispatches from the factory to recommend volume) to turn down
2%, jeting effect is more satisfactory, can significantly reduce rebound degree.
It is a further object to provide the construction technologies of above-mentioned high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention reaches by the following technical programs：
A kind of construction technology of high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete, its step are as follows：
(1) high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is prepared according to formula, water-cement ratio is made (to refer to every cubic meter of concrete water
Amount and all gel material contents ratio) between 0.32-0.36, it is contemplated that rebound degree, by sand coarse aggregate ratio (sand coarse aggregate ratio SP=sand
Dosage S/ (the dosage S+ stones dosage G of sand) × 100%；It is that the quality of sand in concrete accounts for sand, the percentage of stone gross mass) it adjusts
For 50%-70%；Make the deformation energy force value Γ of gunite concrete between 3-7；
(2) spray：
1) before actual ejection, the accelerator pump discharge of wet-spraying machine and the pressure of air compressor machine has first been debugged, has ensured that pipeline leads to
Freely, and with cement mortar or cement mortar sprayed to lubricate injection pipe；
2) after concrete is mixed, accelerator pump, air compressor machine and wet-spraying machine are first opened, again will when accelerator is sprayed from nozzle
Concrete is discharged into wet-spraying machine start-up operation, and injection hand need to be observed after discharging is continuous at nozzle and carry out spraying operation again at this time, and control
Nozzle processed is 90 ° with the angle by spray plane with by the distance of spray plane being maintained at 0.6m-1.0m, at the same control big board mold with
Horizontal plane is into 80 ° of angles；
3) air compressor machine wind pressure working range needed for is 0.8MPa-1.0MPa, air quantity 21m3/min-24m3/ min, wet-spraying machine
Pressure is 0.3MPa-0.5MPa, to ensure that concrete formation is closely knit；
4) first sprayed when spraying since mold bottom, under up, nozzle does circular motion by a small margin, one-time continuous
Sprayed construction, the other molds of fill-before-fire.
Preferably, in the step (1), concrete is inverted slump cone emptying time and is no more than 10s.
It preferably, can be first with the water on hard broom removing last layer surface when thickness is more than 100mm, it is necessary to during construction in layer
Mud laitance, to ensure gunite concrete quality.
Preferably, in the step (1),
Γ represents deformation energy force value, D in formula1And D2Represent the divergence of concrete vertical direction, D0Represent slump cone
Bottom diameter, numerical value 200mm, divergence, the slump are pressed《Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture standard》GB/T
50080-2016 is tested.
Advantageous effect：
1d intensity is up to 26MPa to the high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete of the present invention after the injection, and 28d intensity reaches
C60 strength grades, and later strength uses common moulding by casting intensity higher without retraction phenomenon than normal concrete.Aluminum sulfate
Class alkali-free liquid accelerator and the reciprocation of silicon ash and natural zeolite rock powder reduce adverse effect of the accelerator to intensity；My god
Right zeolite rock powder has higher pozzolanic activity than flyash and slag powders, has preferable be applicable in for gunite concrete
Property and economy, and alternative part of cement, low-carbon environment-friendly, moreover it is possible to play the effect for inhibiting alkali-aggregate reaction.Form of construction work is just
Formwork form removal process is saved in victory, and the construction period of shortening can be used as conserving gunite concrete, watering maintenance at least 7d or extension,
It can obtain the concrete of high quality；High-strength shotcrete can be applied to tunnel single shell lining construction, and the increasing before avoiding mixes
The method that solidifying soil thickness improves rigidity, only need to spray using high-strength shotcrete a relatively thin layer concrete can meet will
It asks, and energy saving economy；Available for damaged concrete surface reconditioning.Compared with low grade gunite concrete, high-strength coagulation
Soil is more closely knit, as " coat " of concrete structure, more can effectively resist the corrosion of various hazardous mediums.Meanwhile the injection mixes
Solidifying soil rebound degree can save a large amount of raw material down to 3% compared with existing construction technology, really realize that the green of building material industry is good for
Health sustainable development.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described further with reference to embodiment.The present invention can be according to product need
Appropriate adjustment formula is sought, is operated according to the method described in following embodiment, makes the injection coagulation for meeting performance requirement
Soil.
Specific embodiment
Primary raw material and equipment
Cement：The PO42.5 grade Portland cements of Jinyu Cement Co., Ltd sale.
Silicon ash：The silicon ash of the CABR-SF101 models of Construction Building Materials Institute Ltd.'s sale, average grain diameter are 0.2 μm, compare table
Area is 25m2/g。
Natural zeolite rock powder：I grade of zeolite rock powder of Jinhua Xin Sheng zeolites development corporation, Ltd. sale.
Sand：The river sand of Beijing CABR Kunlun Technology Co., Ltd.'s sale, average grain diameter are below 4.75mm.
Rubble：The small particle rubble of Beijing CABR Kunlun Technology Co., Ltd.'s sale, average grain diameter 4.75mm-15mm.
Steel fibre：The 25mm steel fibres of Co., Ltd of Zhi Tai steel fibres Manufacturing Co., Ltd of Yutian County sale.
Alkali-free liquid setting accelerator：The aluminum sulfate class alkali-free liquid rapid hardening of I models of SBT of Jiangsu Su Bote Co., Ltds sale
Agent.
High performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid：The high property of polycarboxylic acids of the YM-1 models of Tianjin Yue Ming developments in science and technology Co., Ltd sale
It can water-reducing agent.
Concrete sprayer：The GSP-D wet concrete sprayers of Geng Li engineering equipments Co., Ltd of Henan Province sale.
Mixer：The HJS100 twin-shaft mixers of Chinese Research Institute for Building Sciences's sale.
Test method
According to《Gunite concrete application technology regulation》JGJ/T 372-2016 and《Rebound of shotcrete rate experiment side
Method》JSCE-F 563-2005 test sprayed concrete strength and rebound degree.
Reference examples
The formula of gunite concrete includes cement, sand, stone, sodium metaaluminate class accelerator, high-activity metakaolin, poly- shuttle
Hydrochlorate water-reducing agent or how sulfonic formaldehyde condensation compound water-reducing agent；Wherein, the mass ratio of cement, sand and stone is 1:2:2, sodium metaaluminate
The 2% of cement consumption described in the dosage of class accelerator；The dosage of high-activity metakaolin is the 5% of the cement consumption；Poly- shuttle
Hydrochlorate water-reducing agent or how the dosage of sulfonic formaldehyde condensation compound water-reducing agent be the cement consumption 0.2%, prepared with conventional method
Obtain LControl。
It is constructed with the construction technology of conventional gunite concrete.
Result of the test：1d compression strength reaches 13MPa, 7d compression strength 25MPa, 28d compression strength 35Mpa, rebound degree
8%.
Shortcoming：Gunite concrete actual strength is still relatively low, only reaches 30-45MPa, and strictly not very high-strength injection is mixed
Solidifying soil；Sodium metaaluminate class accelerator can cause late strength of concrete serious influence used in proportioning, to concrete durability
It is unfavorable；Spraying technique is not provided, rebound degree is high.
The construction technology of the high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete of the present invention is as follows：
(1) high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is prepared：
The minimum Slurry transport of gunite concrete is determined first.It is theoretically the voidage group of pipeline lubricant layer and aggregate
Into.Meet sprayed construction and do not gamble pipe and must be greater than the value.Gunite concrete can form the slurry of one layer of 1mm thickness in injection pipe
Body lubricant layer, whitewashing bore used is 57mm, and the slurry volume ratio shared by lubricant layer is 3.48%, and aggregate voidage is most
Big value is 25%, therefore required minimum Slurry transport is 25%+3.48%=27.48%.Thus Slurry transport is set to 32%,
And target is high-strength concrete, water-cement ratio is set to lower value 0.32-0.36, glue material volume content is minimum 14% (quality
Fraction is 16%), therefore glue material mass fraction to be set to 18%-24%；
It is 0.32-0.36 to change water consumption to control water-cement ratio；It controls sandstone total amount certain, changes the quality that sand accounts for total aggregate
Percentage is 50%-70%；The deformation energy force value of volume control concrete of water-reducing agent is adjusted between 3-7, is inverted the slump
Cylinder emptying time is no more than 10s.
When thickness is more than 100mm, it is necessary to during construction in layer, can first with the bleeding cement on hard broom removing last layer surface,
To ensure gunite concrete quality.
In the step (1),
Γ represents deformation energy force value, D in formula1And D2Represent the divergence of concrete vertical direction, D0Represent slump cone
Bottom diameter, numerical value 200mm, divergence, the slump are pressed《Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture standard》GB/T
50080-2016 is tested.
Embodiment 1
The formula of high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is as follows：
367 kilograms of cement PO42.5 grades, 74 kilograms of silicon ash, I grade of 50 kilograms of zeolite rock powder, average grain diameter 4.75mm sands
1240 kilograms, 620 kilograms of the rubble of average grain diameter 10mm, 30 kilograms of aluminum sulfate class alkali-free liquid accelerator, poly-carboxylic high-performance
8 kilograms of water-reducing agent, above-mentioned raw materials are uniformly mixed, and obtain finished product material L1。
The construction technology of high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is as follows：
(1) high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is prepared：
Water-cement ratio (ratio for referring to every cubic meter of concrete water consumption and all gel material contents) is 0.34, it is contemplated that is returned
Bullet rate, sand coarse aggregate ratio (the dosage S/ (the dosage S+ stones dosage G of sand) × 100% of sand coarse aggregate ratio SP=sand；It is that the quality of sand in concrete accounts for
The percentage of sand, stone gross mass) it is adjusted to 67%；The deformation energy force value Γ for making gunite concrete is 6.8, and concrete is inverted the slump
Cylinder emptying time is no more than 2s；
(2) spray：
1) before actual ejection, examination spray is carried out with cement mortar or mortar, lubricates injection pipe；
2) during actual ejection, injection hand need to carry out spraying operation again after nozzle discharges and stablizes, and make nozzle and by spray plane
Distance is maintained at 0.8m, is 90 ° with the angle by spray plane, while controls big board mold with the horizontal 80 ° of angles；
3) first sprayed when spraying since mold bottom, under up, nozzle does circular motion by a small margin, one-time continuous
Sprayed construction, the other molds of fill-before-fire；
4) spray technology feature includes following parameter：
Air compressor machine wind pressure 1MPa, wet-spraying machine pressure 0.4MPa；
Jet length 0.8m, is vertically sprayed by spray plane；
Continuous injection, it is not stratified.
Result of the test：1d compression strength reaches 26MPa, 7d compression strength 61MPa, 28d compression strength 67Mpa, and each age is strong
Higher than normal concrete, rebound degree 3% is spent, saves lot of materials, dry shrinkage ratio normal concrete is small.
Embodiment 2
The formula of high strength spray concrete is as follows：
367 kilograms of cement PO42.5 grades, 74 kilograms of silicon ash, I grade of 50 kilograms of zeolite rock powder, average grain diameter 1.75mm sands
1116 kilograms, 744 kilograms of the rubble of average grain diameter 4.75mm, 50 kilograms of 25mm long steel fibres, aluminum sulfate class alkali-free liquid rapid hardening
30 kilograms of agent, 12 kilograms of high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid, above-mentioned raw materials are uniformly mixed, and obtain finished product material L2。
The construction technology of high strength spray concrete is as follows：
(1) high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is prepared：Water-cement ratio (refers to every cubic meter of concrete water consumption and all glue
The ratio of gel material dosage) it is 0.32, it is contemplated that and rebound degree, sand coarse aggregate ratio ((use the dosage S/ of sand coarse aggregate ratio SP=sand by the dosage S+ stones of sand
Measure G) × 100%；It is that the quality of sand in concrete accounts for sand, the percentage of stone gross mass) it is adjusted to 60%；Make the change of gunite concrete
Shape ability value Γ is 3, and concrete is inverted slump cone emptying time and is no more than 9s；
(2) spray：
1) before actual ejection, examination spray is carried out with cement mortar or mortar, lubricates injection pipe；
2) during actual ejection, injection hand need to carry out spraying operation again after nozzle discharges and stablizes, and make nozzle and by spray plane
Distance is maintained at 1m, is 90 ° with the angle by spray plane, while controls big board mold with the horizontal 80 ° of angles；
3) first sprayed when spraying since mold bottom, under up, nozzle does circular motion by a small margin, one-time continuous
Sprayed construction, the other molds of fill-before-fire；
4) spray technology feature includes following parameter：
Air compressor machine wind pressure 0.9MPa, wet-spraying machine pressure 0.35MPa；
Jet length 1m, is vertically sprayed by spray plane；
Continuous injection, it is not stratified.
Result of the test：1d compression strength reaches 23.4MPa, 7d compression strength 52.6MPa, 28d compression strength 72.2Mpa.Steel
Fiber is obviously improved concrete 28d intensity, and 28d intensity is commonly mixed without retraction phenomenon, rebound degree 22%, dry shrinkage ratio
Solidifying soil is small.
Embodiment 3
The formula of high strength spray concrete is as follows：
496 kilograms of cement PO42.5 grades, 75 kilograms of silicon ash, I grade of 50 kilograms of zeolite rock powder, average grain diameter 0.75mm sands
992 kilograms, 868 kilograms of the rubble of average grain diameter 15mm, 25 kilograms of 25mm long steel fibres, aluminum sulfate class alkali-free liquid accelerator 20
Kilogram, above-mentioned raw materials are uniformly mixed, obtain finished product material L by 10 kilograms of high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid3。
The construction technology of high strength spray concrete is as follows：
(1) high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is prepared：Water-cement ratio (refers to every cubic meter of concrete water consumption and all glue
The ratio of gel material dosage) it is 0.32, it is contemplated that and rebound degree, sand coarse aggregate ratio ((use the dosage S/ of sand coarse aggregate ratio SP=sand by the dosage S+ stones of sand
Measure G) × 100%；It is that the quality of sand in concrete accounts for sand, the percentage of stone gross mass) it is adjusted to 53%；Make the change of gunite concrete
Shape ability value Γ is 4, and concrete is inverted slump cone emptying time and is no more than 5s；
(2) spray：
1) before actual ejection, examination spray is carried out with cement mortar or mortar, lubricates injection pipe；
2) during actual ejection, injection hand need to carry out spraying operation again after nozzle discharges and stablizes, and make nozzle and by spray plane
Distance is maintained at 1m, is 90 ° with the angle by spray plane, while controls big board mold with the horizontal 80 ° of angles；
3) first sprayed when spraying since mold bottom, under up, nozzle does circular motion by a small margin, one-time continuous
Sprayed construction, the other molds of fill-before-fire；
4) spray technology feature includes following parameter：
Air compressor machine wind pressure 0.85MPa, wet-spraying machine pressure 0.35MPa；
Jet length 1m, is vertically sprayed by spray plane；
Continuous injection, it is not stratified.
Result of the test：1d compression strength reaches 22MPa, 7d compression strength 55MPa, 28d compression strength 71.3Mpa.Steel fibre
Concrete 28d intensity is obviously improved, 28d intensity is without retraction phenomenon, rebound degree 15%, dry shrinkage ratio normal concrete
It is small.
Embodiment 4
The formula of high strength spray concrete is as follows：
434 kilograms of cement PO42.5 grades, 87 kilograms of silicon ash, I grade of 75 kilograms of zeolite rock powder, average grain diameter 3.75mm sands
1240 kilograms, 620 kilograms of the rubble of average grain diameter 15mm, 20 kilograms of aluminum sulfate class alkali-free liquid accelerator, poly-carboxylic high-performance
10 kilograms of water-reducing agent, above-mentioned raw materials are uniformly mixed, and obtain finished product material L4。
The construction technology of high strength spray concrete is as follows：
(1) high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is prepared：Water-cement ratio (refers to every cubic meter of concrete water consumption and all glue
The ratio of gel material dosage) it is 0.36, it is contemplated that and rebound degree, sand coarse aggregate ratio ((use the dosage S/ of sand coarse aggregate ratio SP=sand by the dosage S+ stones of sand
Measure G) × 100%；It is that the quality of sand in concrete accounts for sand, the percentage of stone gross mass) it is adjusted to 67%；Make the change of gunite concrete
Shape ability value Γ is 6, and concrete is inverted slump cone emptying time and is no more than 4s；
(2) spray：
1) before actual ejection, examination spray is carried out with cement mortar or mortar, lubricates injection pipe；
2) during actual ejection, injection hand need to carry out spraying operation again after nozzle discharges and stablizes, and make nozzle and by spray plane
Distance is maintained at 1m, is 90 ° with the angle by spray plane, while controls big board mold with the horizontal 80 ° of angles；
3) first sprayed when spraying since mold bottom, under up, nozzle does circular motion by a small margin, one-time continuous
Sprayed construction, the other molds of fill-before-fire；
4) spray technology feature includes following parameter：
Air compressor machine wind pressure 0.8MPa, wet-spraying machine pressure 0.35MPa；
Jet length 1m, is vertically sprayed by spray plane；
Continuous injection, it is not stratified.
Result of the test：1d compression strength reaches 25.3MPa, 7d compression strength 63.2MPa, 28d compression strength 65.8Mpa.28d
It is small to dry shrinkage ratio normal concrete without retraction phenomenon, rebound degree 8% for intensity.
Embodiment 5
The formula of high strength spray concrete is as follows：
372 kilograms of cement PO42.5 grades, 99 kilograms of silicon ash, I grade of 62 kilograms of zeolite rock powder, average grain diameter 1.75mm sands
1116 kilograms, 744 kilograms of the rubble of average grain diameter 12mm, 25 kilograms of aluminum sulfate class alkali-free liquid accelerator, poly-carboxylic high-performance
12 kilograms of water-reducing agent, above-mentioned raw materials are uniformly mixed, and obtain finished product material L5。
The construction technology of high strength spray concrete is as follows：
(1) high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is prepared：Water-cement ratio (refers to every cubic meter of concrete water consumption and all glue
The ratio of gel material dosage) it is 0.32, it is contemplated that and rebound degree, sand coarse aggregate ratio ((use the dosage S/ of sand coarse aggregate ratio SP=sand by the dosage S+ stones of sand
Measure G) × 100%；It is that the quality of sand in concrete accounts for sand, the percentage of stone gross mass) it is adjusted to 60%；Make the change of gunite concrete
Shape ability value Γ is 6, and concrete is inverted slump cone emptying time and is no more than 5s；
(2) spray：
1) before actual ejection, examination spray is carried out with cement mortar or mortar, lubricates injection pipe；
2) during actual ejection, injection hand need to carry out spraying operation again after nozzle discharges and stablizes, and make nozzle and by spray plane
Distance is maintained at 1m, is 90 ° with the angle by spray plane, while controls big board mold with the horizontal 80 ° of angles；
3) first sprayed when spraying since mold bottom, under up, nozzle does circular motion by a small margin, one-time continuous
Sprayed construction, the other molds of fill-before-fire；
4) spray technology feature includes following parameter：
Air compressor machine wind pressure 0.9MPa, wet-spraying machine pressure 0.35MPa；
Jet length 1m, is vertically sprayed by spray plane；
Continuous injection, it is not stratified.
Result of the test：1d compression strength reaches 25.4MPa, 7d compression strength 58.5MPa, 28d compression strength 74Mpa.28d is strong
It spends without retraction phenomenon, rebound degree 6%, dry shrinkage ratio normal concrete is small.
By testing sprayed concrete strength and rebound degree, to gunite concrete LControlAnd L1-L5Performance characterized, such as
Shown in table 1：
1 reference examples L of tableControlAnd L1-L5Experimental data
Wherein gunite concrete L1-L528d intensity is without retraction phenomenon, and dry shrinkage ratio normal concrete is small, and rebound degree is shown
Writing reduces.
The present invention adds natural zeolite rock powder compared with reference examples 1 in proportioning, can increase the viscous of gunite concrete
Knot property, while Self-curing can be played the role of by discharging zeolite water；Steel fibre is added, the tough of gunite concrete can be increased
Property, it is made to absorb impact capacity enhancing, split tensile strength increase；The volume of alkali-free liquid setting accelerator is reduced, can significantly be dropped
Low resilient rate.
It should be noted last that more than specific embodiment is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to example, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to the present invention
Technical solution be modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all cover
Among scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete, it is characterised in that：The gunite concrete by cement 15%-20%,
Silicon ash 3%-4%, natural zeolite rock powder 2%-3%, sand 40%-50%, rubble 25%-35%, steel fibre 0%-2%, liquid
Body alkali-free quick-coagulant 0.8%-1.2%, high performance water reducing agent of polyocarboxy acid 0.3%-0.5% composition, the percentage are weight hundred
Fraction.
2. high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cement is PO42.5
Grade portland cement.
3. high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The volume of the silicon ash is water
The 15%-20% of shale amount.
4. high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The natural zeolite rock powder is
I grade of zeolite rock powder.
5. high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The steel fibre is 25mm steel
Fiber.
6. high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The average grain diameter of the sand
For below 4.75mm.
7. high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The average grain diameter of the rubble
For 4.75mm-15mm.
8. high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The alkali-free liquid setting accelerator
For aluminum sulfate class I liquid I alkali-free quick-coagulant.
9. the construction technology of high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete any one of claim 1-8, its step are as follows：
(1) high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete is prepared according to formula, makes water-cement ratio between 0.32-0.36, by sand coarse aggregate ratio
It is adjusted to 50%-70%；Make the deformation energy force value Γ of gunite concrete between 3-7；
(2) spray：
1) before actual ejection, the accelerator pump discharge of wet-spraying machine and the pressure of air compressor machine have first been debugged, it is ensured that pipeline is unobstructed, and
It is sprayed to lubricate injection pipe with cement mortar or cement mortar；
2) after concrete is mixed, accelerator pump, air compressor machine and wet-spraying machine are first opened, when alkali-free liquid setting accelerator is sprayed from nozzle
Concrete is discharged into wet-spraying machine again to start to work, injection hand need to be observed after discharging is continuous at nozzle and carry out spraying operation again at this time,
And nozzle is controlled with being maintained at 0.6m-1.0m by the distance of spray plane, it is 90 ° with the angle by spray plane, while controls big template die
Tool is with the horizontal 80 ° of angles；
3) air compressor machine wind pressure working range needed for is 0.8MPa-1.0MPa, air quantity 21m3/min-24m3/ min, wet-spraying machine pressure
For 0.3MPa-0.5MPa, to ensure that concrete formation is closely knit；
4) first sprayed when spraying since mold bottom, under up, nozzle does circular motion by a small margin, one-time continuous injection
Construction, the other molds of fill-before-fire.
10. the construction technology of high intensity low resilient rate gunite concrete as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly in (1), it is inverted slump cone emptying time and is no more than 10s.
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