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CN108036758B - A method for detecting and adjusting the coaxiality of aero-engine casing - Google Patents

A method for detecting and adjusting the coaxiality of aero-engine casing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108036758B
CN108036758B CN201711143919.6A CN201711143919A CN108036758B CN 108036758 B CN108036758 B CN 108036758B CN 201711143919 A CN201711143919 A CN 201711143919A CN 108036758 B CN108036758 B CN 108036758B
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casing
coaxiality
measured
turntable
points
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CN108036758A (en
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金鑫
尚可
郭欢
张之敬
张秋爽
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B21/24—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing alignment of axes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods of concentricity detection and adjustment suitable for aero-engine casing, belong to manufacturing quality prediction and control field.This method first measures position coordinates of the casing each point relative to rotation of rotary table center, then is fitted by least square method and casing posture information is calculated, and is measured and adjusted the concentricity of each component on engine crankcase with this.Different from general axis of rotation mensuration, this method allows casing clamping to there is offset and inclination, it is only necessary to without departing from detectable limit, artificial accurate clamping and adjustment link is reduced or remitted with this, the technical requirements to worker is reduced, improves efficiency.This method simplifies artificial dress table, repeatedly dress table simultaneously.This method is assisted in implementation process by computer programming, and the work such as artificial meter reading, record, calculating are reduced or remitted, and reduces worker's workload, improves the degree of automation, promotes measurement efficiency.

Description

One kind being suitable for the detection of aero-engine casing concentricity and method of adjustment
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of to detect and adjust suitable for aero-engine casing concentricity, belongs to manufacturing quality Prediction and control technology field.
Background technique
A large amount of research and production practice have shown that, aero-engine usually can cause engine because of concentricity is unqualified Quiet, rotor collision friction influences engine operation so as to cause vibration.Therefore, coaxality measurement is normal for guaranteeing engine Work improves engine reliability and is of great significance.
It is practical in conjunction with production, in the link of volume production aero-engine assembling line, need to engine crankcase one end Bearing bracket stand carry out concentricity detection and adjustment, now using axis of rotation mensuration.The method of adjustment bearing bracket stand is first Measuring and adjusting is overlapped casing bottom center with rotation center, then measuring and adjusting makes casing datum axis and turntable surface hang down Directly, finally measuring and adjusting keeps bearing bracket stand coaxial with casing.
But there are many problems to need to solve for current methods, and main problem is that manual measurement leads to time-consuming long, low efficiency, Subsequent assembly is influenced, production efficiency is reduced.Especially concentric and vertical step of the adjustment part relative to measuring circurmarotate, to worker's skill Art level requirement is high, time-consuming long.With fashionable dress table, meter reading, record, calculating is accomplished manually, and the degree of automation is low, take people arduously and Inefficiency.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the concentricity detection and method of adjustment that the present invention provides a kind of suitable for aero-engine casing, This method is able to solve the low problem of detection efficiency in the prior art, improves the adjustment of casing concentricity and Automatic survey degree And measurement efficiency.
A kind of concentricity detection and method of adjustment suitable for aero-engine casing, the detection and method of adjustment include with Lower step:
Step 1: the position coordinate data of measurement and acquisition each measured point of casing relative to rotation of rotary table center；
Step 2: being fitted position coordinate data by least square method and each part posture information of casing is calculated；
Step 3: concentricity adjustment is carried out according to the part posture information of step 2.
Further, the measurement of position coordinate data and collection process are as follows in the step 1:
By casing clamping on revolution test desk, by three or more digital dial gauges (it is different according to the actual situation, table Variable amounts, displacement sensor type are interchangeable) it is mounted on fixed bit and postpones rotating table, when rotating to fixed angle (according to Actual conditions are different, and circle fitting can use 4 and the above measurement angle, and ellipse fitting can use 5 and the above measurement angle) record number The data of word amesdial；In a data acquisition, the number that multiple digital dial gauges acquire in a plurality of directions is obtained According to.
Further, each part posture information of casing includes: that kernel of section point is respectively measured on casing in the step 2 The posture information of coordinate information and fitting casing datum axis, by the position for determining each measured section central point and datum axis Relationship is set, judges whether casing and each components meet concentricity requirement, if conditions are not met, providing offset information.
Further, it is assumed that digital dial gauge is 4, and amesdial is directed at turntable center axis in the horizontal plane, and false Determine to record amesdial data when one-shot measurement intermediate station goes to this 6 angles of A, B, C, D, E, F.The height of 4 digital dial gauges Respectively Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4, the distance of gauge outfit to datum axis is respectively R when table decrement is not 0 when clamping casing1、R2、R3、 R4.By casing clamping on turntable, and when turntable is turned to the direction E i.e. 240 ° direction, 4 table decrement R1E′、R2E′、 R3E′、R4E', other directions are similarly.4 tables amount in 6 directions and measure 24 decrement data.
Using rotary middle point on table with revolvable top as origin, the direction A i.e. 0 ° direction is X-axis, and 90 ° of directions among the direction B and C are Y-axis, it is Z axis that center of rotation axis, which was origin perpendicular to the axis of table with revolvable top,.After establishing XYZ coordinate system, according to known Z1、Z2、 Z3、Z4、R1、R2、R3、R4It is converted into 24 decrements measured and finds out the coordinate of 24 measured points in the coordinate system respectively Value, E4To coordinate system Z axis distance
R4E=R4+R4E′E4X-coordinate value
X4E=R4E×cos 240°
E4Y-coordinate value
Y4E=R4E×sin 240°
E4Z coordinate value be Z4, E can be obtained4(X4E, Y4E, Z4), and other 23 measurement point coordinates are found out in the same way.
After obtaining 24 coordinates, needs the profile for being fitted 4 sections respectively with least square method and find out center seat Mark, with Z4For the section 4 that highly corresponding digital dial gauge is surveyed, six measuring point A on the section are taken4(X4A, Y4A, Z4)、B4 (X4B, Y4B, Z4)、C4(X4C, Y4C, Z4)、D4(X4D, Y4D, Z4)、E4(X4E, Y4E, Z4)、F4(X4F, Y4F, Z4).Because 6 points in same height On degree, so tested surface center Z coordinate is Z4；Planar elliptical equation can be set
a4x2+b4xy+c4y2+d4x+e4y+f4=0
According to general least square method, a in elliptic equation can be found out according to 6 coordinates4、b4、c4、d4、e4、f4's Value, finds out the kernel of section coordinate further according to formula
Centre coordinate T can be obtained4(X4, Y4, Z4), all measured section centre coordinate T can be sought with method1(X1, Y1, Z1)、T2(X2, Y2, Z2)、T3(X3, Y3, Z3)、T4(X4, Y4, Z4)；Then select be fitted to casing datum axis is worked as at this 4 points, it is same to use Least square method.According to the design requirement of different engines, wherein 2 and 2 or more central points may be selected and be fitted reference axis Line, if illustrating 2 points of selection, calculating gained is straight line where 2 lines, if space line equation
If
Seek local derviation
Ask
Casing datum axis parametric equation coefficient can be obtained by solving equation, and can find out at 4 points according to space distance between beeline and dot formula To linear distance r1、r2、r3、r4.Work as r1、r2、r3、r4It is respectively smaller than the half d of concentricity required value1、d2、d3、d4When, i.e., 4 points In concentricity minimally surrounded area, casing and its components concentricity are met the requirements；
As a certain riGreater than concentricity required value half when, i.e., the point is overseas in concentricity minimum tolerance area.Enable Z=Zi It brings linear equation into and solves Points on Straight Line Qi(Xqi, Yqi, Zi), compare QiWith tested surface centre coordinate Ti(Xi, Yi, Zi), according to
It knows in Z=ZiHorizontal plane on, TiIn QiThe direction θ on rotPlace, so far, according to 24 table decrements through data Each measured section centre coordinate, casing datum axis equation are obtained after processing, to judge whether concentricity is qualified, and are not being conformed to The offset for assembling underproof tested part and offset direction are calculated when lattice.
Further, the process that the adjustment of part concentricity is carried out in the step 3 is as follows:
When casing concentricity is unsatisfactory for requiring, revolving-turret plays table on the offset direction that data processed result is shown, Tested part is just adjusted upward herein using tool on one side, observes the data variation of table on one side；When decrement variation is approximately equal to partially When moving direction, adjustment is finished；It is accurate to ensure to adjust result, it should re-measure after the adjustment primary；According to the actual situation, sometimes When concentricity is unqualified and measured piece can not continue adjustment, casing should be ressembled.
The utility model has the advantages that
1) a kind of method epitope of concentricity detection and adjustment suitable for aero-engine casing disclosed by the invention is set It is fixed, simplify artificial dress table, repeatedly dress table.If connecting using digital dial gauge, and with computer, then artificial reading is eliminated Table, record, calculating, reduce worker operation, improve the degree of automation.
2) each components posture information of the available assembly of measurement method of the invention greatly reduces clamping error to dress The influence of ligand concentricity detection.Clamping error refers to that by casing clamping when on turntable, datum axis and rotation axis are not herein Error caused by being overlapped.Different from general axis of rotation mensuration, this method allows bottom center when clamping to deviate, and does not need essence Really adjust casing bottom surface and turntable rotation axis concentric.This method allows casing datum axis when clamping to have larger inclination, is not required to Accurately to adjust casing datum axis and turntable plane perpendicular.This method only needs that casing is made to deviate and tilt by frock clamping Without departing from detectable limit can (i.e. in measurement process, measurement table will not outrange), can so simplify or even skip each clamping The datum axis adjustment link of casing, reduces the technical requirements to worker, saves the time, improve efficiency.
3) this method epitope sets fixation, and data acquisition is accurate.This method is quasi- by using mathematical computations and least square method It closes and guarantees the accuracy of each measurement cross section profile fitting and the accuracy and kernel of section point of datum axis fitting and fitting The accuracy of linear space positional relationship can accurately provide concentricity and determine to refer to components adjustment, guarantee that measurement is smart Degree, reaches measurement purpose.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the detection device composition schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is measuring principle main view of the invention；
Fig. 3 is measuring principle top view of the invention；
Fig. 4 is that tested casing kernel of section point and fitting datum axis spatial relationship meet the requirements schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is that tested casing kernel of section point and fitting datum axis spatial relationship are unsatisfactory for requiring schematic diagram.
Wherein, it is sliding to be tested casing, the horizontal dial framework of 4-, 5- reinforcing gauge outfit, 6- digital dial gauge, 7- by 1- turntable, 2- fixture, 3- Block, 8- sliding rail, 9- is adjustable horizontal dial framework, 10- positioning disk, 11- upper bush, 12- erect dial framework, 13- lower sleeve, 14- column, 15- and return Turn test desk.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention provides a kind of method of concentricity detection and adjustment suitable for aero-engine casing and general times Shaft axis mensuration is different, and general revolution measurement first passes through measurement and adjustment guarantees casing datum axis and turntable Pivot axle Line is overlapped, then judges whether each element coaxial degree of engine crankcase is qualified by measuring part and beating and carry out data processing.And This method is that coordinate system is first established on turntable, and measurement obtains coordinate of each measured point of casing in this coordinate system, then by most Small square law the Fitting Calculation obtains casing profile and posture information, to achieve the purpose that measurement and adjustment concentricity.And it obtains each Point coordinate needs the table in each measurement so can be brought directly to amesdial in fitting and calculating all in fixed position Coordinate and table decrement.In order to realize detection, it can guarantee the positioning accuracy of table with a set of mechanical device.For description specific implementation Mode, the present invention provide a kind of feasible but not exclusive mechanical device model.While in order to embody the degree of automation of this method, The work such as acquisition data, processing data, display result are realized using the method that digital dial gauge and optoelectronic switch are connected with computer. DAQ data collection task case, gui interface and other correlation module of this computer programming based on MATLAB.
Column 14 is mounted on revolution test desk 15, by digital dial gauge 6 by mechanical device such as Fig. 1 that this method provides It is mounted on dial framework, perpendicular dial framework 12 is connected with column 14 by bearing and upper bush 11, lower sleeve 13, and perpendicular dial framework 12 passes through upper Sleeve 11 and lower sleeve 13 are rotated around column 14, and column top straight pin and screw are connected one and are furnished with determining for a circle hole Position disk 10.Measurement Shi Keyong self-locking spring index pin makes itself and 11 positioning and locking of upper bush, and clamping when removing casing 3, can pull out Expense, removing dial framework prevents damage gauge outfit.And fastened between the horizontal dial framework 4 and perpendicular dial framework 12 of dial framework with gland and screw, it is intermediate Two holes are the housing screw hole of adjustment, finely tune the position of table inside junction with gasket, guarantee that reinforcing gauge outfit 5 is directed at turntable rotation Turn center；Adjustable horizontal dial framework 9 is installed in the top of perpendicular dial framework, and sliding rail 8, sliding block 7 and sliding rail 8 are installed in the front end of adjustable horizontal dial framework 9 It is fixed with merging,.Available standards part carries out being strict with position of the installation to adjust table before measuring device comes into operation.Except this Except, U-type groove optoelectronic switch is installed near turntable, six baffles is fixed at revolution 15 edge of test desk and indicates angle, use To make the decrement of each digital dial gauge in this position of computer record in special angle triggering optoelectronic switch.
It is simultaneously the least square fitting process during analogue measurement, now provides one group of analogue measurement data, contain Coordinate array after being converted to three coordinates by 24 table decrements.The preparation method of this group of data is first to set a space line
And take four points as measured section center, respectively with the 4 different ellipses or circle of 4 shape poses of strokes and dots, 24 coordinates such as table 1 in 4 sections is taken in 0 °, 60 °, 120 °, 180 °, 240 °, 300 ° of six directions again.
1 measured point coordinate of table
This method specifically:
Step 1, casing clamping and preparation:
Positioning pin is unclamped, rotation dial framework removes digital dial gauge, then by casing clamping on the frock clamp on turntable, then Table is moved to fixed position by secondary rotation dial framework, beats gauge outfit on casing tested surface and has certain decrement, locking positioning pin Dial framework and column is set to be connected, last operation computer program prepares measurement.
Step 2, data acquisition and data storage:
It indicates that the baffle of angle stretches out certain distance for 6 on turntable edge, guarantees that baffle can hide in turntable rotary course Firmly U-type groove optoelectronic switch is to penetrating light.Data acquisition starts, and rotating table, 6 baffles pass sequentially through U-shaped during rotation Slot triggers optoelectronic switch, and optoelectronic switch issues 6 on-off models in total and is converted into digital quantity with data collecting card to be connect by computer It receives, MATLAB program, which reads immediately and read after receiving signal, records the gauge outfit pressure that 4 digital dial gauges at this time are transmitted to computer Contracting amount data.4 digital dial gauges, 6 triggering optoelectronic switches are always obtained 24 jerk values, and are deposited with Excel form Storage.
As shown in Fig. 2 and 3, wherein OO ' is turntable rotation centerline, O2O2' it is casing datum axis.Left side is black in figure The gauge outfit position that point is table decrement when being 0, right side stain is gauge outfit position when having certain decrement after clamping casing, i.e. machine Measured point on casket.Table height is Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4, the distance of gauge outfit to OO ' are respectively when table decrement is not 0 when clamping casing R1、R2、R3、R4, table decrement R when going to the direction E i.e. 240 ° direction1E′、R2E′、R3E′、R4E′.Rotating table, when turntable is gone to (different according to the actual situation, circle fitting can use 4 and the above measurement angle, ellipse at 0 °, 60 °, 120 °, 180 °, 240 °, 300 ° Circle fitting can use 5 and the above measurement angle) four table decrements at this time are recorded respectively.Because turntable rotation centerline is fixed, table Position is fixed, so Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4And R1、R2、R3、R4It is fixed and known.In a data acquisition, it is obtained Four tables totally 24 table decrement data (decrement data bulk=table quantity × measurement angle quantity) on six direction.
Step 3, data processing and as the result is shown:
The purpose of data processing is the coordinate and fitting casing benchmark for calculating each components measurement kernel of section point in casing Axes O2O2' pose, and by determining each central point and casing datum axis O2O2' positional relationship, come judge casing and Whether each components meet concentricity requirement, if conditions are not met, providing offset information.
It needs to establish XYZ coordinate system before carrying out data processing, the coordinate system is using rotation center on turntable as origin, Z axis edge The direction turntable rotation center OO ' is upward, and X-axis can obtain Y direction along the direction A i.e. 0 ° direction, according to right-handed coordinate system feature.
After establishing coordinate system, according to known Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、R11、R12、R13、R14With the 24 decrements conversion measured To find out the coordinate value of 24 measured points in the coordinate system, 24 coordinate values such as table 1 respectively.
After obtaining 24 coordinates, needed during the profile for being fitted 4 sections respectively with least square method finds out in next step Heart coordinate T1(0.24000,0.620,40)、T2(0.280,0.740,80)、T3(0.600,1.700400)、T4(0.800, 2.300,600)。
After finding out 4 kernel of section coordinates, to as casing datum axis O2O2' be fitted, equally use least square Method.Acquire space line equation
Casing datum axis parametric equation can be obtained by solving equation.It can find out at 4 points to directly according to space distance between beeline and dot formula Linear distance r1=0.0000107, r2=0.0000063, r3=0.0000258, r4=0.0000166.r1、r2、r3、r4Respectively less than Each tested surface concentricity required value d1=0.02, d2=0.15, d3=0.03, d4=0.02 half is (in order to embody the spirit of measurement Activity, different tested surfaces set different concentricity requirements.), casing and its components concentricity are met the requirements, as the result is shown As shown in Figure 4.
When casing and its components concentricity are met the requirements, measurement terminates.When being unsatisfactory for, such as shown in Fig. 5, then into Enter next step to be adjusted.It is soft using computer on the basis of wherein the coordinate data of Fig. 5 is the coordinate data used in Fig. 4 Part MATLAB is got to the X and Y value of 24 each coordinates of the coordinate random number for adding one -0.05 to 0.05 respectively, is used to Simulate casing assembly or mismachining tolerance in actual production.
Step 4, real-time display and adjustment part:
If concentricity requirement is unsatisfactory for, as shown in figure 5, computer can be according to the calculated each kernel of section point of previous step With fitting datum axis spatial relationship, the distance and deflection angle that do not conform to lattice point relative to straight line is shown, in this, as adjustment The reference of the parts such as casing and its inner shaft bolster, bearing.According to the offset direction of Computer display, revolving-turret makes to measure Table is beaten on the offset direction for needing to adjust part, micro- along offset direction with tool on one side such as 304 ° of this example middle section 3 It adjusts, observes decrement variation on digital dial gauge display screen on one side, when decrement variation reaches the offset that computer provides:
Δ r=0.0121-0.010=0.0021mm
This time adjustment finishes.It, at this time should be since step 2 again to guarantee that adjustment rear housing and its inner body are coaxial Measurement, so circulation are until Computer display " qualification " in certain step 3, and measurement terminates at this time.
In conclusion the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention Within protection scope.

Claims (3)

1.一种适用于航空发动机机匣的同轴度检测和调整方法，其特征在于，该检测和调整方法包括以下步骤：1. a coaxiality detection and adjustment method applicable to aero-engine casing, is characterized in that, this detection and adjustment method comprises the following steps: 步骤一：测量和采集机匣各被测点相对于转台回转中心的位置坐标数据；Step 1: Measure and collect the position coordinate data of each measured point of the casing relative to the rotation center of the turntable; 步骤二：通过最小二乘法对位置坐标数据拟合并计算得到机匣各零件位姿信息；Step 2: Fitting and calculating the position coordinate data by the least squares method to obtain the position and attitude information of each part of the casing; 步骤三：根据步骤二的零件位姿信息进行同轴度调整；Step 3: Adjust the coaxiality according to the part pose information in Step 2; 所述步骤一中位置坐标数据的测量和采集过程如下：The measurement and collection process of the position coordinate data in the step 1 is as follows: 将机匣装夹在回转测量台上，将三个以上的数字千分表安装在固定位置后转动转台，当旋转到固定角度时记录数字千分表的数据；在一次数据采集过程中，共得到多个数字千分表在多个方向上采集的数据；假定数字千分表为4个，千分表在水平面上对准转台中心轴线，并且假定一次测量中转台转到A、B、C、D、E、F这6个角度时记录千分表数据；4个数字千分表的高度分别为Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4，不装夹机匣时表压缩量为0时表头到基准轴线的距离分别为R1、R2、R3、R4；将机匣装夹在转台上，并将转台转动到E方向即240°方向时，4个表压缩量分别为R1E′、R2E′、R3E′、R4E′，其它方向同理；4个表在6方向总计测得24个压缩量数据；Clamp the casing on the rotary measuring table, install more than three digital dial indicators in a fixed position, and then turn the turntable, and record the data of the digital dial indicators when they rotate to a fixed angle; during a data acquisition process, a total of Obtain data collected by multiple digital dial indicators in multiple directions; assuming that there are 4 digital dial indicators, the dial indicators are aligned with the center axis of the turntable on the horizontal plane, and it is assumed that the turntable is rotated to A, B, C during one measurement , D, E and F are the 6 angles to record the dial indicator data; the heights of the 4 digital dial indicators are Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 respectively, and the compression amount of the indicator is 0 when the receiver is not installed The distances from the time table head to the reference axis are R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 respectively; when the casing is clamped on the turntable, and the turntable is rotated to the E direction, that is, the 240° direction, the compression amounts of the four watches are respectively R 1E ′, R 2E ′, R 3E ′, R 4E ′, the same is true for other directions; 4 tables measure a total of 24 compression data in 6 directions; 以转台面上旋转中心点为原点，A方向即0°方向为X轴，B和C方向中间的90°方向为Y轴，旋转中心轴线即过原点垂直于转台面的轴为Z轴；建立XYZ坐标系后，根据已知的Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、R1、R2、R3、R4和测得的24个压缩量转化为分别求出24个被测点在该坐标系中的坐标值，E4到坐标系Z轴距离Taking the rotation center point on the turntable surface as the origin, the A direction, that is, the 0° direction, is the X axis, the 90° direction in the middle of the B and C directions is the Y axis, and the rotation center axis, that is, the axis passing through the origin and perpendicular to the turntable surface is the Z axis; After the XYZ coordinate system, according to the known Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and the measured 24 compression amounts, the 24 measured points are obtained respectively. The coordinate value in this coordinate system, the distance from E 4 to the Z axis of the coordinate system R4E＝R4+R4E′R 4E =R 4 +R 4E ′ E4的X坐标值X coordinate value of E 4 X4E＝R4E×cos240°X 4E =R 4E ×cos240° E4的Y坐标值Y coordinate value of E 4 Y4E＝R4E×sin240°Y 4E ＝R 4E ×sin240° E4的Z坐标值即为Z4，可得E4(X4E,Y4E,Z4)，并以相同方法求出其他23个测量点坐标；The Z coordinate value of E 4 is Z 4 , and E 4 (X 4E , Y 4E , Z 4 ) can be obtained, and the coordinates of the other 23 measurement points are obtained by the same method; 在得到24个点坐标后，需要用最小二乘法分别拟合4个截面的轮廓并求出中心坐标，以Z4高度对应的数字千分表所测的截面4为例，取该截面上六个测点A4(X4A,Y4A,Z4)、B4(X4B,Y4B,Z4)、C4(X4C,Y4C,Z4)、D4(X4D,Y4D,Z4)、E4(X4E,Y4E,Z4)、F4(X4F,Y4F,Z4)；因六点在同一高度上，所以被测面中心Z坐标是Z4；可设平面椭圆方程After obtaining the coordinates of 24 points, it is necessary to use the least squares method to fit the contours of the 4 sections respectively and obtain the center coordinates. Taking section 4 measured by the digital dial indicator corresponding to the height of Z 4 as an example, take the six A 4 (X 4A , Y 4A , Z 4 ), B 4 (X 4B , Y 4B , Z 4 ), C 4 (X 4C , Y 4C , Z 4 ), D 4 (X 4D , Y 4D ) , Z 4 ), E 4 (X 4E , Y 4E , Z 4 ), F 4 (X 4F , Y 4F , Z 4 ); because the six points are on the same height, the Z coordinate of the center of the measured surface is Z 4 ; Settable Plane Ellipse Equation a4x2+b4xy+c4y2+d4x+e4y+f4＝0a 4 x 2 +b 4 xy+c 4 y 2 +d 4 x+e 4 y+f 4 =0 根据通用的最小二乘法，可以根据六点坐标求出椭圆方程中a4、b4、c4、d4、e4、f4的值，再根据公式求出该截面中心坐标According to the general least squares method, the values of a 4 , b 4 , c 4 , d 4 , e 4 , f 4 in the ellipse equation can be obtained according to the coordinates of six points, and then the center coordinates of the section can be obtained according to the formula 可得中心坐标T4(X4,Y4,Z4)，同法可求所有被测截面中心坐标T1(X1,Y1,Z1)、T2(X2,Y2,Z2)、T3(X3,Y3,Z3)、T4(X4,Y4,Z4)；接着选择该四点对当机匣基准轴线进行拟合，同样使用最小二乘法，根据不同发动机的设计要求，可选择其中2个及2个以上中心点来拟合基准轴线，计算所得是2点连线所在直线，设空间直线方程The center coordinates T 4 (X 4 , Y 4 , Z 4 ) can be obtained, and the center coordinates T 1 (X 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 ) and T 2 (X 2 , Y 2 , Z of all measured sections can be obtained in the same way) 2 ), T 3 (X 3 , Y 3 , Z 3 ), T 4 (X 4 , Y 4 , Z 4 ); then select these four points to fit the reference axis of the current casing, and also use the least squares method, According to the design requirements of different engines, 2 or more of the center points can be selected to fit the reference axis, and the calculated result is the straight line where the line connecting the 2 points is located. 设Assume 求偏导seek partial derivative 即求ask for 解方程可得机匣基准轴线参数方程系数，根据空间点到直线距离公式可求出4点到直线距离r1、r2、r3、r4，当r1、r2、r3、r4分别小于同轴度要求值的一半d1、d2、d3、d4时，即4点在同轴度最小包容区域内，机匣及其零部件同轴度满足要求；Solving the equation can get the parameter equation coefficient of the reference axis of the casing. According to the distance from the space point to the straight line, the distances r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 can be obtained from the four points to the straight line. When r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 When the concentricity requirements are less than half d 1 , d 2 , d 3 , and d 4 respectively, that is, 4 points are within the minimum coaxiality tolerance area, and the coaxiality of the casing and its components meets the requirements; 当某一ri大于同轴度要求值的一半时，即该点在同轴度最小包容区域外; 令Z＝Zi带入直线方程求解直线上点Qi(Xqi,Yqi,Zi),比较Qi和被测面中心坐标Ti(Xi,Yi,Zi)，根据When a certain r i is greater than half of the required value of coaxiality, that is, the point is outside the minimum inclusive area of coaxiality; let Z=Z i be brought into the equation of the straight line to solve the point Qi ( X qi , Y qi , Z i ), compare Q i with the measured surface center coordinates T i (X i ,Y i ,Z i ), according to 可知在Z＝Zi的水平面上，Ti在Qi的θ方向上roi处，至此，根据24个表压缩量经数据处理后得到各被测截面中心坐标、机匣基准轴线方程，从而判断同轴度是否合格，并在不合格时计算出装配不合格的被测零件的偏移量和偏移方向。It can be seen that on the horizontal plane of Z=Z i , T i is at ro oi in the θ direction of Qi i . So far, the center coordinates of each measured section and the equation of the casing reference axis are obtained after data processing according to the 24 table compressions, so that Judge whether the coaxiality is qualified or not, and calculate the offset amount and offset direction of the unqualified measured part when it is unqualified. 2.如权利要求1所述的适用于航空发动机机匣的同轴度检测和调整方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中机匣各零件位姿信息包括：机匣上各测量截面中心点的坐标信息和拟合机匣基准轴线的位姿信息，通过判定各个被测截面中心点与基准轴线的位置关系，判断机匣和各零部件是否满足同轴度要求，如果不满足，给出偏移量信息。2. The method for detecting and adjusting the coaxiality of an aero-engine casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the position and attitude information of each part of the casing comprises: the center point of each measuring section on the casing By judging the positional relationship between the center point of each measured section and the reference axis, it is judged whether the casing and each component meet the coaxiality requirements, if not, give offset information. 3.如权利要求1所述的适用于航空发动机机匣的同轴度检测和调整方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中进行零件同轴度调整的过程如下：3. the coaxiality detection and adjustment method that is applicable to aero-engine casing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the process of carrying out part coaxiality adjustment in described step 3 is as follows: 机匣同轴度不满足要求时，旋转转台，使表打在数据处理结果显示的偏移方向上，一边使用工具在此方向上调整被测零件，一边观察表的数据变化；当压缩量变化约等于偏移方向时，调整完毕；为确保调整结果准确，应在调整后重新测量一次；根据实际情况，有时同轴度不合格且被测件无法继续调整时，应将机匣重新装配。When the coaxiality of the casing does not meet the requirements, rotate the turntable so that the watch is placed in the offset direction displayed by the data processing result, and use the tool to adjust the measured part in this direction, while observing the data change of the watch; when the compression amount changes When it is approximately equal to the offset direction, the adjustment is completed; in order to ensure the accuracy of the adjustment result, it should be re-measured after adjustment; according to the actual situation, sometimes the coaxiality is unqualified and the DUT cannot be adjusted further, the receiver should be reassembled.
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