CN108024952A - 在治疗发作中用于口颊施用以获得快速起效的咪达唑仑组合物 - Google Patents
在治疗发作中用于口颊施用以获得快速起效的咪达唑仑组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108024952A CN108024952A CN201680041767.6A CN201680041767A CN108024952A CN 108024952 A CN108024952 A CN 108024952A CN 201680041767 A CN201680041767 A CN 201680041767A CN 108024952 A CN108024952 A CN 108024952A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
- A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
- A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
- A61K31/5517—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine condensed with five-membered rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. imidazobenzodiazepines, triazolam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/32—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. carbomers, poly(meth)acrylates, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
- A61K9/006—Oral mucosa, e.g. mucoadhesive forms, sublingual droplets; Buccal patches or films; Buccal sprays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及含有0.25mg至2mg咪达唑仑或其药学上可接受的盐,以及成膜物质的薄膜或薄片形式的单位剂量组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了用于治疗例如与癫痫或热性癫痫发作有关的发作(seizure)的咪达唑仑薄膜或薄片(wafer)组合物。薄膜组合物用于以生物粘附型薄膜或薄片的形式施用至口腔。即使患者没有意识,该组合物也可以将药物物质咪达唑仑施用至患者,并且其避免了患者接受过低剂量(例如如果施用溶液)和一些施用的溶液可能流出口腔而不是被口腔粘膜吸收的风险。
背景技术
咪达唑仑是有镇静、抗焦虑、引起遗忘和催眠性质的有大量文件证明的查的药物物质。
咪达唑仑作用于脑内神经细胞,并用于控制有癫痫或与发作相关的其他疾病的儿童和成人中的或者有热性癫痫发作的儿童中的抽搐(痉挛(fit)或发作)。脑和神经由通过电信号相互交流的许多神经细胞组成。必须仔细调控这些信号以使脑和神经正常工作。
当在脑中诱发异常快速和重复的电信号时,其会变得被过度刺激且正常功能受到干扰。这导致痉挛或发作。咪达唑仑通过放大脑中神经递质GABA的作用来起作用。GABA参与在神经细胞之间传递信息,并充当天然“神经平静”剂。其有助于保持脑神经活动平衡,并参与诱导睡意、减轻焦虑和放松肌肉。
咪达唑仑可以以其盐酸盐形式商购获得,例如以商品名销售的甘油基糖浆形式,其含有2.5mg/mL咪达唑仑。咪达唑仑也以其马来酸盐的形式出售,例如以商标为的每片含7.5或15mg的片剂。配制用于通过口颊途径施用的产品为(液体形式的10mg/mL咪达唑仑)和(液体形式的2.5mg/0.5mL,5mg/mL,7.5mg/mL或10mg/2mL咪达唑仑)。
EP-B-1323422(Special Products Limited)涉及液体咪达唑仑组合物,其比现有技术组合物含有更高浓度的咪达唑仑。该组合物含有溶解在含乙醇和多羟基溶剂如甘油或丙二醇的水性液体介质中的马来酸咪达唑仑。
以推荐剂量经口颊施用的咪达唑仑显示出快速吸收。此外,达到的血浆水平足以为患者提供治疗效果。然而,鉴于向需要的患者快速递送咪达唑仑的重要性,如果药物的递送可以更安全、更简化以及如果可以使用更低剂量,则会是有利的。引起期望治疗效果的较低剂量可以降低副作用(如呼吸抑制)的频率和严重性。
发明详述
本发明解决了上述需求,并提供了一种含有咪达唑仑的薄膜或薄片形式的组合物,用于施用到口腔粘膜或舌。单位剂量形式的薄膜通常含有0.25至2mg以咪达唑仑或其药学上可接受的盐形式存在的咪达唑仑。值得注意的是,如本文实施例中所示,将根据本发明的薄膜制品形式的1mg咪达唑仑剂量经口颊施用至重90kg的成人,引起治疗有效的血浆水平(约5ng/mL)。本发明的重要目的是提供适用于患有发作的儿童的薄膜制品,并且本文的实施例表明根据本发明的含有1mg或更少,例如0.75mg、0.5mg或0.25mg或者甚至低至0.1mg咪达唑仑的薄膜制品将适合施用给儿童,以实现期望的和快速的治疗效果。剂量取决于儿童的体重。
据预期,低剂量的、同时是治疗有效的咪达唑仑组合物对药物的安全使用有实质性的影响。已知的副作用是呼吸抑制、呼吸停止、呼吸暂停、低血压、心动过缓、心脏骤停、死亡。此外,咪达唑仑代谢物在血液中含量的增加,提高呼吸抑制的风险,特别是在儿童中。对此,应注意的是,在儿童中代谢物的水平高于成人中所见的水平,这特别增加了儿童中毒作用的风险。
令人惊奇的是,本发明人已经发现经由薄膜或薄片组合物经口颊施用的咪达唑仑非常有效,并且低至2mg的剂量引起成年人愿者5-10ng/mL的血液水平。即使给平均体重为90kg的成年人1mg剂量,也会导致咪达唑仑的治疗水平。剂量与血浆水平之间呈线性关系,因此给儿童的剂量可低至0.011mg/kg体重(相当于体重20kg的儿童给0.22mg)
最近在健康志愿者中显示,口颊施用5mg咪达唑仑溶液在3-6分钟内引起5-10ng/mL的血液水平(Schwagmeier等,1998)。在患者的研究中,在使用0.2mg/kg口颊剂量的儿童(Talukbar等人,2009)和施用10-20mg的成人(Nakken等人2011)中,5分钟内经常实现抗抽搐效果。Scott等(1998)观察到在给予约10mg咪达唑仑的成人志愿者中在5-10分钟内,在大部分受试者中达到了5ng/mL的血浆浓度。
一般而言,考虑到咪达唑仑的血浆水平应从约5ng/mL至约20ng/mL以获得期望的癫痫处置效果。在本发明上下文中,癫痫发作的处置包括热性癫痫发作、急性癫痫发作和癫痫持续状态。癫痫性发作(惊厥性癫痫持续状态)是神经医学急症的常见起因并且经常导致脑损伤。在低于约15分钟内未能缓解癫痫发作的症状可能导致死亡。因此,迅速治疗患者和尽可能快地缓解症状以使患者的脑死亡损伤的风险最小化非常重要。
在本发明的组合物中,咪达唑仑可以以咪达唑仑的形式或其药学上可接受的盐的形式使用。这样的盐包括由无机酸或有机酸形成的盐,如盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐等。在使用盐的情况下,薄膜中咪达唑仑的量按游离碱给出。
根据本发明的薄膜或薄片通常含有成膜物质,适合使用的成膜剂包括:
纤维素和纤维素衍生物如乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素(及其钠盐)、微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素;
多糖如海藻酸盐(或海藻酸)、果胶、黄蓍胶、角叉菜胶、葡聚糖、明胶、硬葡聚糖(sclerogucan)、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶:
丙烯酸系聚合物或共聚物;
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚乙烯醇;
聚氧乙烯;
或其混合物。
从本文的实施例可以看出,羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)可以用作本发明中的成膜剂。本文描述了用于本发明的口腔膜中的合适等级的HPMC和可能的其它成膜剂。膜中HPMC的浓度通常在35-99%w/w的范围内。HPMC的总浓度可以为约40至约99%w/w,约45至约99%w/w或约50至99%w/w。从本文的实施例可以看出,范围可以是80至99%w/w,特别是约98%w/w。%w/w基于薄膜中的总干物质给出。
简言之,用于本发明薄膜中的HPMC可以如Ph.Eur.(欧洲药典)所述,其可以是2910型和/或其可以是具有不同粘度的两种或更多种HPMC的混合物。在后一种情况下,具有不同粘度的两种或更多种HPMC膜中的浓度可以相同或不同,特别是相同。从本文的实施例可见,当口膜中存在两种HPMC时,第一种HPMC的浓度可以为25至50%w/w,第二种HPMC的浓度可以为10至45%w/w,两种HPMC的总浓度为35至99%w/w。在口膜中存在更多种HPMC的情况下,单独的浓度可以跨越10至50%w/w的范围的每种HPMC,并且所有HPMC的总浓度为35至99%w/w。
此外,在存在两种HPMC的混合物的情况下,这些HPMC可分别具有3mPa·s和50mPa·s的粘度。
从本文的实施例可见,本发明的膜可以含有分别具有3mPa·s和50mPa·s粘度的HPMC的混合物。HPMC的总浓度可以如上所述。在具体的膜制品中,单独的HPMC 3mPa·s和HPMC 50mPa·s的浓度是相同的,例如对于每种HPMC在20%w/w至50%w/w的范围内并基于口腔膜中的干物质计。从本文的实施例可以看出,为本发明的膜获得了具有合适性质的膜,其包含分别具有3mPa·s和50mPa·s粘度的HPMC的混合物,和80至99%w/w的HPMC总浓度(基于总干物质计)。
上面提到的许多物质获得有不同的性质,不同的分子量等。因此,可以得到平均分子量为约20,000至约4,000,000道尔顿的聚氧乙烯,并且可以购买例如在不同的介质中具有不同溶解度的丙烯酸系聚合物。因此,例如在需要更快释放的情况下,可以改变成膜聚合物的含量以调节释放速率。上述大多数的成膜物质也是不同程度上的生物粘合剂。
除了咪达唑仑和成膜物质之外,本发明的组合物还可以包含一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂或添加剂,包括增溶剂、pH调节剂、稳定剂,掩味剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂(如果需要)等。
薄膜或薄片通常是用作药物物质的载体的薄如纸的聚合物薄膜。通常,薄膜组合物比一张纸厚,但通常厚度为50-500微米。薄片以及薄膜经口施用,并且不需要水或吞咽。
薄膜或薄片通常含有0.5-20mg咪达唑仑/克膜或薄片组合物。组合物通常为单位剂量组合物的形式,并且组合物的重量一般为约50至约200mg。一般而言,剂量为约0.01至0.2mg/kg体重,但从本文实施例中可见,剂量可降至约0.01至0.1mg/kg体重,特别是约0.01至0.02mg/kg体重,或者对于体重为10至90kg的儿童和成人而言,每个单位剂量会包含约0.1至2mg或0.1至1.5mg或0.1至1.0mg的剂量。
本发明的组合物通常通过将咪达唑仑溶解在合适的溶剂如水或乙醇或水-乙醇混合物中来制备。将成膜剂溶解在相同的介质或溶剂或溶剂混合物中,其中成膜物质是可溶的。可以包括水,但通常不应超过溶剂的50%v/v,以确保合适的、不太长的干燥时间。将含有咪达唑仑和成膜物质的溶液混合,流延成膜并干燥。如果组合物中需要另外的赋形剂/添加物,则将这些物质添加到所述溶液之一中。咪达唑仑和成膜物质也可以溶解在一锅中。在一些情况下,咪达唑仑可以以微粉化形式使用;如果咪达唑仑在溶剂中不溶解或仅部分溶解时尤其如此。
施用后,无论是在舌或口腔粘膜上,会在3-5分钟实现所需的血浆水平。由于低剂量以及组合物不从口中流出的事实,如果必要的话,也可能在已10-15分钟后重复给药,而没有任何延长嗜睡、呼吸抑制等的副作用风险。
在本发明的其它方面,膜制品可用于治疗猫或狗的发作。剂量被认为处于相同的数量级。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅用于展示目的,而不是限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本发明的膜组合物
%w/w
羟丙基甲基纤维素 99.8
咪达唑仑 0.2
将HPMC和咪达唑仑溶解/分散于乙醇-水(5∶1)混合物中并流延。组合物在40℃下干燥。
可以使用乙醇-水混合物,其中最终混合物中乙醇的浓度为50-100%v/v。
实施例2-10
实施例1所述使用下列制备组合物:
实施例2:羟丙基纤维素代替HPMC
实施例3:乙基纤维素代替HPMC
实施例4:羧甲基纤维素代替HPMC
实施例5:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮代替HPMC
实施例6:醋酸纤维素代替HPMC
实施例7:聚乙烯醇代替HPMC
实施例8:海藻酸盐代替HPMC
实施例9:葡聚糖400,000代替HPMC
实施例10:聚氧乙烯700,000代替HPMC
实施例11-19
重复实施例2-10,但使用所述聚合物和HPMC的1∶1混合物。
实施例20
本发明的膜组合物
盐酸咪达唑仑 60毫克
羟丙甲纤维素E3 2.5g
羟丙甲纤维素E50 2.5g
将上述成分在30ml乙醇中混合过夜。然后将凝胶流延在玻璃板上并在40℃下干燥30分钟。1g薄膜含有1.2mg盐酸咪达唑仑。
实施例21
体内研究实验
在健康志愿者(体重90kg)的口腔粘膜上施用重约0.07g的含有2mg盐酸咪达唑仑的膜制品(1×2cm)。施用后6、12和18分钟抽取静脉血样。在志愿者中实现了3至10ng/mL(液体提取后通过LC-MS/MS测量)的血浆水平。成人中实现的血浆水平会对应于20kg重儿童中至少15-50ng/mL。没有观察到副作用。如本文所述获得了5ng/mL的平均血浆水平。
实施例22
体内研究实验
在健康志愿者(体重90kg)的口腔粘膜上施用重约0.07g含有1mg盐酸咪达唑仑的膜制品(1×2cm)。施用后6、12和18分钟抽取静脉血样。在志愿者中实现了1ng/mL(6min)至4.6ng/mL(12min)(液体提取后通过LC-MS/MS测量)的血浆水平。成人中实现的血浆水平会对应于20kg重儿童中至少15至20ng/mL。没有观察到副作用。如本文所述获得平均血浆水平。
所使用的膜制剂基于咪达唑仑和HPMC(仅有一种HPMC);然而,后来的研究已表明,由于膜的结构和溶解性,使用如实施例20中所述的HPMC的组合给出了改善的结果。因此,据预期,可以使用含有羟丙甲纤维素E3和羟丙甲纤维素E50的组合(特别是以1∶5至5∶1如1∶1重量比例组合)的制剂来实现甚至更高浓度的咪达唑仑。
Claims (15)
1.单位剂量组合物,其为薄膜或薄片形式,含有0.25mg至2mg咪达唑仑或其药学上可接受的盐,以及成膜物质。
2.根据权利要求1的单位剂量组合物,含有0.01mg至1mg咪达唑仑或其药学上可接受的盐,以及成膜物质。
3.根据权利要求1或2的单位剂量组合物,含有0.01mg至0.75mg咪达唑仑或其药学上可接受的盐,以及成膜物质。
4.根据前面权利要求任一项的单位剂量组合物,含有0.01mg至0.5mg咪达唑仑或其药学上可接受的盐,以及成膜物质。
5.根据前面权利要求任一项的单位剂量组合物,其中所述成膜物质选自纤维素和纤维素衍生物如乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素(及其钠盐),微晶纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素、醋酸纤维素,或其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项的单位剂量组合物,其中所述成膜物质为选自以下的多糖:海藻酸盐(或海藻酸)、果胶、黄蓍胶、角叉菜胶、葡聚糖、明胶、硬葡聚糖、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶,及其混合物。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一项的单位剂量组合物,其中所述成膜物质为丙烯酸系聚合物或共聚物,或其混合物。
8.根据权利要求1-4任一项的单位剂量组合物,其中所述成膜物质为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或聚乙烯醇,或其混合物。
9.根据权利要求1-4任一项的单位剂量组合物,其中所述成膜物质为聚氧乙烯。
10.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的单位剂量组合物,其中所述成膜物质为羟丙基甲基纤维素的混合物。
11.根据前面权利要求任一项的单位剂型,其用于治疗包括癫痫性发作在内的发作和癫痫持续状态。
12.根据前面权利要求任一项的单位剂型,用于施用至人的口腔。
13.治疗人的癫痫性发作、其他形式的发作、或癫痫持续状态的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的人的口腔施用权利要求1-12任一项所限定的单位剂型。
14.根据权利要求13的方法,其中在施用至口腔后3-5分钟内获得在所述人血液中的咪达唑仑的治疗有效浓度。
15.根据权利要求13或14的方法,其中在所述人血液中的咪达唑仑的治疗有效浓度在5ng/mL至20ng/mL或更高的范围内。
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2016
- 2016-07-15 JP JP2018521707A patent/JP2018521139A/ja active Pending
- 2016-07-15 EP EP16748275.1A patent/EP3322402B1/en active Active
- 2016-07-15 ES ES16748275T patent/ES2738652T3/es active Active
- 2016-07-15 WO PCT/EP2016/066860 patent/WO2017009446A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-07-15 CN CN201680041767.6A patent/CN108024952A/zh active Pending
- 2016-07-15 US US15/744,569 patent/US20180221384A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2020
- 2020-03-06 US US16/812,151 patent/US20200306260A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3322402B1 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
WO2017009446A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
US20200306260A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
ES2738652T3 (es) | 2020-01-24 |
JP2018521139A (ja) | 2018-08-02 |
US20180221384A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
EP3322402A1 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
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