CN108015740A - A kind of extension bar parallel type autoset road marking - Google Patents
A kind of extension bar parallel type autoset road marking Download PDFInfo
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- CN108015740A CN108015740A CN201711138059.7A CN201711138059A CN108015740A CN 108015740 A CN108015740 A CN 108015740A CN 201711138059 A CN201711138059 A CN 201711138059A CN 108015740 A CN108015740 A CN 108015740A
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- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 27
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25H—WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
- B25H7/00—Marking-out or setting-out work
- B25H7/04—Devices, e.g. scribers, for marking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及机械加工技术领域,具体涉及一种加长杆并行式自动划线装置。The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to an extension rod parallel automatic marking device.
背景技术Background technique
目前,随着科技的进步,大多数机械制造厂在模具加工方式上基本实现了自动化或半自动化。立柱作为液压支架主要的支撑部件,作用在于承受顶板载荷,立柱一般有单伸缩和双伸缩立柱两种,具有高可靠性、结构简单、加工成本低、伸缩比大等特点。加长杆作为立柱的主要零件,加工工艺要求严格;而划线作为加长杆最重要的一步工序,必须保证划线定位的精确度。At present, with the advancement of science and technology, most machinery manufacturing plants have basically realized automation or semi-automation in mold processing. As the main supporting part of the hydraulic support, the column is used to bear the load of the roof. The column generally has two types: single telescopic column and double telescopic column, which have the characteristics of high reliability, simple structure, low processing cost, and large expansion ratio. As the main part of the column, the extension rod has strict processing technology requirements; and the scribing is the most important step of the extension rod, and the accuracy of the positioning of the scribing must be guaranteed.
然而,大多数立柱机械制造厂在加长杆划线工序方面仍采用人工划线或手动机械划线,这些传统的划线工艺存在许多不足:1.工人在划线时,加长杆在划线平台上不易固定牢固,可能会发生滚动、滑移等现象,造成基准定位不准确,划线精度降低。经常会重复划线,耗时耗力,增加企业加工成本。2.加长杆属于较大杆类工件,尺寸较大,重量大,发生滚动、滑移等现象时,可能发生砸伤、挤压等生产事故。3.工人划线时,一次一般只能划线单件加长杆,划线效率低,降低企业效益。4.人工划线或手动机械划线方式存在基准定位不准确,导致划线误差增大。5.人工划线或机械划线智能化程度低。6.划线产品合格率较低。However, most column machinery manufacturers still use manual marking or manual mechanical marking in the marking process of the extension rod. These traditional marking processes have many shortcomings: 1. When the worker is marking the line, the extension rod is on the marking platform. It is not easy to fix firmly on the surface, and phenomena such as rolling and slipping may occur, resulting in inaccurate reference positioning and reduced marking accuracy. Repeated marking is often done, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and increases the processing cost of the enterprise. 2. The extension rod is a large rod workpiece with large size and heavy weight. When rolling, slipping and other phenomena occur, production accidents such as crushing and extrusion may occur. 3. When workers mark lines, they can only mark a single piece of extension rod at a time. The marking efficiency is low and the enterprise benefits are reduced. 4. Manual marking or manual mechanical marking has inaccurate reference positioning, resulting in increased marking errors. 5. The degree of intelligence of manual marking or mechanical marking is low. 6. The qualification rate of crossed products is low.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种加长杆并行式自动划线装置,用以解决现有加长杆划线工序中存在的精度低、效率低、合格率低、安全性差以及成本高等问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an extension rod parallel type automatic marking device to solve the problems of low precision, low efficiency, low pass rate, poor safety and high cost existing in the existing extension rod marking process.
为了实现上述任务,本发明采用以下技术方案:In order to achieve the above tasks, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种加长杆并行式自动划线装置,包括工作台,工作台上间隔设置有多个可在工作台上移动且相互平行的滑轨,滑轨上安装有用于固定工件的夹持机构;所述的工作台的中心处设置有划线机构,划线机构包括垂直于所述滑轨且位于滑轨上方的刀架,刀架上安装有与所述滑轨数量相同的刀片爪,所述的刀片爪可沿垂直于或平行于所述滑轨的轴向移动。An extension bar parallel type automatic marking device, comprising a workbench, on which a plurality of slide rails that can move on the workbench and are parallel to each other are arranged at intervals, and a clamping mechanism for fixing workpieces is installed on the slide rails; The center of the workbench is provided with a scribing mechanism, the scribing mechanism includes a knife rest perpendicular to the slide rail and above the slide rail, the knife rest is equipped with the same number of blade claws as the number of the slide rails, the The blade jaws can move in an axial direction perpendicular to or parallel to the slide rail.
进一步地,所述的工作台上设置有一对安装台,安装台上开设有安装孔,穿过所述的安装孔设置有丝杠,丝杠的一端通过弹性联轴器、接触轴承与安装在工作台上的伺服电机连接;所述的一对安装台之间的丝杠上装配有滑块,滑块上安装有第一液压油缸,所述的刀架安装在第一液压油缸的输出轴上,刀架垂直于所述的滑轨。Further, a pair of mounting tables are provided on the workbench, and mounting holes are opened on the mounting table, and a lead screw is set through the mounting hole, and one end of the lead screw is installed on the The servo motor on the workbench is connected; the lead screw between the pair of mounting tables is equipped with a slide block, and the first hydraulic cylinder is installed on the slide block, and the tool rest is installed on the output shaft of the first hydraulic cylinder On, the tool holder is perpendicular to the slide rail.
进一步地,所述的刀片爪与刀架之间设置有压力传感。Further, a pressure sensor is provided between the blade claw and the tool holder.
进一步地,所述的丝杠的末端安装有位置传感器以及编码器。Further, a position sensor and an encoder are installed at the end of the lead screw.
进一步地,所述的刀片爪由两个弧形的刀片自中部连接构成,刀片爪为十字交叉弧形结构。Further, the blade claw is composed of two arc-shaped blades connected from the middle, and the blade claw is a cross-arc structure.
进一步地,所述的夹持机构包括第一夹持架和第二夹持架,其中第一夹持架固定在所述滑轨的一端,第一夹持架上设置有定位板;所述的第二夹持架可沿滑轨的轴向移动。Further, the clamping mechanism includes a first clamping frame and a second clamping frame, wherein the first clamping frame is fixed at one end of the slide rail, and a positioning plate is arranged on the first clamping frame; the The second clamping frame can move along the axial direction of the slide rail.
进一步地,所述的第一夹持架包括对称设置的夹块,自夹块的顶面向夹块的侧面方向加工有弧形的夹持面,夹块的底部设置有多个间隔相同的卡槽;所述的定位板位于夹持面的一侧,所述的滑轨上沿滑轨的轴向等间隔铺设有多个与所述卡槽配合的卡块。Further, the first clamping frame includes symmetrically arranged clamping blocks, an arc-shaped clamping surface is processed from the top of the clamping block to the side of the clamping block, and a plurality of clamping blocks with the same interval are arranged on the bottom of the clamping block. Groove; the positioning plate is located on one side of the clamping surface, and a plurality of clamping blocks matching the clamping grooves are laid on the slide rail at equal intervals along the axial direction of the slide rail.
进一步地,所述的工作台的端部安装有第二液压油缸,第二液压油缸的输出轴上安装有可上下移动的推移板;所述的第二液压油缸的输出轴上垂直安装有卡管,卡管的侧面沿轴向开设有条形槽,卡管内部有滑轴,滑轴通过穿过所述条形槽的连接板与所述的推移板连接;所述的卡管的底部设置有电动伸缩杆,电动伸缩杆的轴向与卡管轴向平行;所述的电动伸缩杆的输出轴通过连杆与所述的推移板连接。Further, a second hydraulic cylinder is installed on the end of the workbench, and a push plate that can move up and down is installed on the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder; a card is vertically installed on the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder. The side of the clamping tube is provided with a strip groove in the axial direction, and there is a sliding shaft inside the clamping tube, which is connected to the moving plate through a connecting plate passing through the strip groove; the bottom of the clamping tube An electric telescopic rod is provided, the axial direction of the electric telescopic rod is parallel to the axial direction of the card tube; the output shaft of the electric telescopic rod is connected with the push plate through a connecting rod.
进一步地,所述的第一液压油缸上设置有第一位移传感器,第二液压油缸上设置有第二位移传感器;第一液压油缸、第二液压油缸分别经过第一电磁换向阀、第二电磁换向阀连接至液压泵。Further, the first hydraulic cylinder is provided with a first displacement sensor, and the second hydraulic cylinder is provided with a second displacement sensor; the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder pass through the first electromagnetic reversing valve and the second hydraulic cylinder respectively. The electromagnetic reversing valve is connected to the hydraulic pump.
进一步地,所述的伺服电机、第一液压油缸、第二液压油缸均通过一个PLC控制器进行控制。Further, the servo motor, the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder are all controlled by a PLC controller.
本发明具有以下技术特点:The present invention has the following technical characteristics:
本发明的定位划线装置能够实现准确的划线定位,划线误差严格的控制在尺寸公差标准范围内,克服了人工划线时精确度低的问题;通过活动的工件夹持机构,防止加长杆在划线过程中发生滚动、滑移等现象,并且实现多种产品的划线,不只局限于加长杆。通过位置传感器和位移传感器来确定划线基准,实现定位划线,解决了划线基准确定时存在的误差;采取并联方式联合划线作业方式实现一次划线多件产品,提高划线效率,节省加工成本;全程采用自动控制操作,大大降低了由于工人作业不规范而造成事故发生的概率,安全性较高。该装置操作简单,智能化程度较高,对工作人员技术要求较低。总体而言,本发明装置,具有安全可靠、精确度高、效率高、产品质量高、成本低、省时省力、适用范围较广等优点。The positioning and scribing device of the present invention can realize accurate scribing positioning, and the scribing error is strictly controlled within the standard range of size tolerance, which overcomes the problem of low accuracy when manually scribing; the movable workpiece clamping mechanism prevents lengthening Rod rolls, slips, etc. during the marking process, and realizes the marking of various products, not limited to extension rods. The position sensor and the displacement sensor are used to determine the scribing datum, realize the positioning and scribing, and solve the error existing in the determination of the scribing datum; adopt the parallel mode combined with the scribing operation method to realize scribing multiple products at one time, improve the marking efficiency and save Processing cost; the whole process adopts automatic control operation, which greatly reduces the probability of accidents caused by irregular work of workers, and has high safety. The device is simple to operate, has a high degree of intelligence, and has low technical requirements for staff. Generally speaking, the device of the present invention has the advantages of safety and reliability, high precision, high efficiency, high product quality, low cost, time-saving and labor-saving, and wide application range.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图:Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention:
图2为本发明的正视结构示意图:Fig. 2 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the present invention:
图3为本发明的俯视结构示意图:Fig. 3 is the top view structure schematic diagram of the present invention:
图4为本发明的右视结构示意图:Fig. 4 is the right view structural representation of the present invention:
图5为第一夹持架部分的结构示意图;Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the first clamping frame part;
图6为第二液压油缸与推移板部分的侧视结构示意图;Fig. 6 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the second hydraulic cylinder and the push plate;
图7为卡管部分的俯视结构示意图;Fig. 7 is a top view structural schematic diagram of the clamping part;
图8为本发明实施例中PLC控制功能原理图;Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of PLC control functions in an embodiment of the present invention;
图中标号代表:1—工作台;2—伺服电机;3—滑轨;4—夹持机构;5—定位板;6—工件;7—刀片爪;8—刀架;9—位置传感器;10—编码器;11—丝杠;12—第二夹持架;13—第一夹持架;14—弹性连轴器;15—螺母及垫圈;16—接触轴承;17—压力传感器;18—第一液压油缸;19—第一位移传感器;20—第一电磁换向阀;21—夹块;22—第二电磁换向阀;23—第二液压油缸;24—推移板;25—第二位移传感器,26—夹持面,27—卡槽,28—卡块,29—卡管,30—电动伸缩杆,31—连杆,32—连接板,33—滑轴。The symbols in the figure represent: 1—working table; 2—servo motor; 3—sliding rail; 4—clamping mechanism; 5—positioning plate; 6—workpiece; 7—blade claw; 8—tool holder; 9—position sensor; 10—encoder; 11—screw; 12—second clamping frame; 13—first clamping frame; 14—elastic coupling; 15—nut and washer; 16—contact bearing; 17—pressure sensor; 18 - the first hydraulic cylinder; 19 - the first displacement sensor; 20 - the first electromagnetic reversing valve; 21 - clamp block; 22 - the second electromagnetic reversing valve; 23 - the second hydraulic cylinder; 24 - push plate; 25 - The second displacement sensor, 26—clamping surface, 27—grip, 28—block, 29—pipe, 30—electric telescopic rod, 31—connecting rod, 32—connecting plate, 33—sliding shaft.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1至5所示,本发明公开了一种加长杆并行式自动划线装置,包括工作台1,工作台1上间隔设置有多个可在工作台1上移动且相互平行的滑轨3,滑轨3上安装有用于固定工件6(加长杆)的夹持机构4;所述的工作台1的中心处设置有划线机构,划线机构包括垂直于所述滑轨3且位于滑轨3上方的刀架8,刀架8上安装有与所述滑轨3数量相同的刀片爪7,所述的刀片爪7可沿垂直于或平行于所述滑轨3的轴向移动。As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention discloses a parallel automatic marking device with extended rods, which includes a workbench 1 on which a plurality of sliding rails that can move on the workbench 1 and are parallel to each other are arranged at intervals 3. A clamping mechanism 4 for fixing the workpiece 6 (extension bar) is installed on the slide rail 3; a scribing mechanism is provided at the center of the workbench 1, and the scribing mechanism is perpendicular to the slide rail 3 and located at The knife rest 8 above the slide rail 3 is equipped with the same number of blade claws 7 as the slide rail 3, and the blade claw 7 can move along the axial direction perpendicular to or parallel to the slide rail 3 .
本发明中的工作台1,可选地,为一个上表面为平面的矩形平台;平台上安装有多个条形的滑轨3,并且滑轨3可以在工作台1上移动;具体地,在工作台1的上表面间隔开设有多条相互平行的调节槽,优选地,调节槽的间距相同,以便于和划线机构更好地配合;滑轨3的底部通过滑动块装配在调节槽中,从而使得滑轨3可以沿着调节槽移动。滑轨3采用可调节位置的结构设计,是考虑到实际工业过程中,为了和工件6吊装机构的安装位置配合等因素,需要根据实际情况确定滑轨3的安装位置,而当滑轨3位置确定好之后,将滑轨3通过螺栓固定在工作台1上。The workbench 1 in the present invention is optionally a rectangular platform with a flat upper surface; a plurality of bar-shaped slide rails 3 are installed on the platform, and the slide rails 3 can move on the workbench 1; specifically, On the upper surface of the workbench 1, a plurality of parallel adjustment grooves are provided at intervals. Preferably, the spacing of the adjustment grooves is the same, so as to better cooperate with the marking mechanism; the bottom of the slide rail 3 is assembled in the adjustment groove through a sliding block , so that the slide rail 3 can move along the adjustment groove. The slide rail 3 adopts a structural design with an adjustable position, which is to consider the actual industrial process, in order to cooperate with the installation position of the workpiece 6 hoisting mechanism and other factors, it is necessary to determine the installation position of the slide rail 3 according to the actual situation, and when the slide rail 3 position After being determined, the slide rail 3 is fixed on the workbench 1 by bolts.
滑轨3上安装有夹持机构4以对工件6进行固定,如图1、4和5所示,夹持机构4用来固定工件6的两端,使工件6能被有效固定,以便于后续的划线。划线通过划线机构来实现,具体地,本方案在工作台1中部,即所有滑轨3的中心处安装划线机构,安装在中心位置的目的是使刀架8左右平衡,从而使每个刀片爪7都能更好地与工件6接触并划线。划线机构上有一个条形的刀架8,刀架8位于所有的滑轨3上方,刀架8底部安装的刀片爪7用来对工件6进行划线。A clamping mechanism 4 is installed on the slide rail 3 to fix the workpiece 6, as shown in Figures 1, 4 and 5, the clamping mechanism 4 is used to fix the two ends of the workpiece 6, so that the workpiece 6 can be effectively fixed, so that Subsequent dashes. Marking is achieved by a marking mechanism. Specifically, this program installs a marking mechanism in the middle of the workbench 1, that is, at the center of all slide rails 3. The purpose of installing it at the center is to balance the knife rest 8 left and right, so that each Each blade jaw 7 can better contact and mark the workpiece 6. A bar-shaped knife rest 8 is arranged on the marking mechanism, and the knife rest 8 is positioned at all slide rails 3 tops, and the blade claw 7 installed at the bottom of the knife rest 8 is used for marking the workpiece 6 .
实际使用时,首先调节并固定好滑轨3在工作台1上的位置,然后再调整并固定好夹持机构4在滑轨3上的位置,从而使所有的夹持机构4相互对齐,这样工件6放置在夹持机构4上之后的位置也能相互对齐。利用吊装机构分别向每个滑轨3上的夹持机构4中放置一个工件6,然后使刀架8向下运动,直至刀片爪7与工件6表面接触后,再使刀片爪7沿平行于滑轨3轴向运动,即可通过刀片爪7在工件6的表面进行划线。由于本方案中采用了并行式结构并对工件6进行了夹持固定,因而能够实现准确的划线定位,避免工件6出现滚动、滑移现象,一次能进行多个工件6的划线,有效地提高了划线效率。In actual use, first adjust and fix the position of the slide rail 3 on the workbench 1, and then adjust and fix the position of the clamping mechanism 4 on the slide rail 3, so that all the clamping mechanisms 4 are aligned with each other, so that The positions of the workpieces 6 placed on the clamping mechanism 4 can also be aligned with each other. Use the hoisting mechanism to place a workpiece 6 in the clamping mechanism 4 on each slide rail 3, and then move the tool rest 8 downward until the blade claw 7 is in contact with the surface of the workpiece 6, and then make the blade claw 7 parallel to the surface of the workpiece 6. Slide rail 3 moves axially, and the surface of workpiece 6 can be marked by blade claw 7 . Since the parallel structure is adopted in this scheme and the workpiece 6 is clamped and fixed, accurate marking positioning can be realized, rolling and slipping of the workpiece 6 can be avoided, and multiple workpieces 6 can be marked at one time, effectively Improve the marking efficiency.
如图1、图4和图6所示,所述的工作台1上设置有一对安装台,安装台上开设有安装孔,穿过所述的安装孔设置有丝杠11,安装孔与丝杠11之间有轴承;所述的丝杠11的一端通过弹性联轴器14、接触轴承16与安装在工作台1上的伺服电机2连接;所述的一对安装台之间的丝杠11上装配有滑块,滑块与丝杠11为螺纹配合,滑块底部有T形块,装配在工作台1上开设的T形槽中,使得丝杠11转动时,滑块能沿着丝杠11的轴向运动而自身不旋转;滑块上安装有第一液压油缸18,所述的刀架8安装在第一液压油缸18的输出轴上,刀架8垂直于所述的滑轨3,且刀架8与工作台1上表面平行。上述结构为刀片爪7的驱动机构,用以实现刀片爪7与工件6接触以及在工件6表面进行划线。具体地,利用第一液压油缸18调节刀架8在竖直方向上的位置,以使得刀片爪7与工件6表面接触;利用丝杠11的旋转调节滑块的位置,而滑块移动时将带动刀片爪7在工件6表面沿轴向移动以进行划线。划线完毕时,利用第一液压油缸18将刀架8升起,使刀片爪7与工件6表面脱离接触,然后取下工件6即可。所述的刀片爪7由两个弧形的刀片自中部连接构成,刀片爪7为十字交叉弧形结构;可选地,刀片爪7上可拆卸地设置有可涂色的十字交叉弧形刀片套。相邻刀片爪7中心之间的距离与所述的相邻滑轨3中心之间的距离相同,以使得每个刀片爪7能与其下方滑轨3上的工件6位置完全对应。丝杠11上设置有螺母及垫圈15,用以调节丝杠11上的滑块。As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, described workbench 1 is provided with a pair of installation platform, is provided with installation hole on the installation platform, is provided with lead screw 11 through described installation hole, and installation hole is connected with lead screw. There is a bearing between the rods 11; one end of the lead screw 11 is connected with the servo motor 2 installed on the workbench 1 through an elastic coupling 14 and a contact bearing 16; the lead screw between the pair of mounting tables 11 is equipped with a slide block, the slide block and the lead screw 11 are threaded, and there is a T-shaped block at the bottom of the slide block, which is assembled in the T-shaped groove opened on the workbench 1, so that when the lead screw 11 rotates, the slide block can move along the The axial movement of the lead screw 11 does not rotate itself; the first hydraulic cylinder 18 is installed on the slider, and the tool rest 8 is installed on the output shaft of the first hydraulic cylinder 18, and the tool rest 8 is perpendicular to the slider Rail 3, and the tool rest 8 is parallel to the upper surface of the table 1. The above-mentioned structure is the driving mechanism of the blade claw 7 , which is used to realize the contact between the blade claw 7 and the workpiece 6 and to draw lines on the surface of the workpiece 6 . Specifically, utilize the first hydraulic cylinder 18 to adjust the position of the tool rest 8 in the vertical direction, so that the blade claw 7 contacts the surface of the workpiece 6; utilize the rotation of the lead screw 11 to adjust the position of the slider, and when the slider moves, the The blade jaw 7 is driven to move axially on the surface of the workpiece 6 for scribing. When marking is completed, utilize the first hydraulic oil cylinder 18 to lift the knife rest 8, make the blade claw 7 break away from the surface of the workpiece 6, and then take off the workpiece 6 to get final product. The blade claw 7 is composed of two arc-shaped blades connected from the middle, and the blade claw 7 is a cross-arc structure; optionally, the blade claw 7 is detachably provided with a cross-arc blade that can be painted set. The distance between the centers of adjacent blade claws 7 is the same as the distance between the centers of adjacent slide rails 3 , so that each blade claw 7 can completely correspond to the position of the workpiece 6 on the slide rail 3 below it. A nut and a washer 15 are arranged on the lead screw 11 for adjusting the slider on the lead screw 11 .
如图4所示,所述的刀片爪7与刀架8之间设置有压力传感。压力传感器17的作用是,当刀架8向下运动时,如刀片爪7与工件6表面接触,则压力传感器17能测得压力信号,通过该压力信号可判定刀片爪7位置已经合适,然后停止驱动第一液压油缸18,再驱动伺服电机2,即可使刀片爪7开始划线。压力传感器17的另一个作用是监控刀片爪7与工件6表面的接触压力,从而可调节刀片爪7的划线深度。所述的丝杠11的末端安装有位置传感器9以及编码器10,其中编码器10用来记录丝杠11的转速,位移传感器13用来记录滑块的位置,二者配合用以确定划线基准,实现定位划线,解决了现有技术中划线基准确定时存在误差的问题。As shown in FIG. 4 , a pressure sensor is provided between the blade claw 7 and the tool holder 8 . The effect of pressure sensor 17 is, when knife rest 8 moved downwards, as blade claw 7 and workpiece 6 surface contacts, then pressure sensor 17 can measure pressure signal, can judge blade claw 7 position by this pressure signal and is suitable, then Stop driving the first hydraulic oil cylinder 18, and then drive the servo motor 2, the blade claw 7 can be started to draw a line. Another function of the pressure sensor 17 is to monitor the contact pressure between the blade claw 7 and the surface of the workpiece 6 , so as to adjust the marking depth of the blade claw 7 . The end of the screw 11 is equipped with a position sensor 9 and an encoder 10, wherein the encoder 10 is used to record the rotation speed of the screw 11, and the displacement sensor 13 is used to record the position of the slider. The benchmark realizes positioning and marking, and solves the problem of errors in determining the marking benchmark in the prior art.
如图1和图5所示,可选地,夹持机构4包括第一夹持架13和第二夹持架12,其中第一夹持架13固定在所述滑轨3的一端,第一夹持架13上设置有定位板5;所述的第二夹持架12可沿滑轨3的轴向移动。以图1为例,第一夹持架13在滑轨3的前端,靠近伺服电机2,第一夹持架13是固定的。第二夹持架12是位置可调节的,其位置通过调节,可使第一夹持架13、第二夹持架12之间产生不同的间距,用以适应不同工件6的大小。第二夹持架12位置调整好之后,再通过螺栓将第二夹持架12固定在滑轨3上。As shown in Figures 1 and 5, optionally, the clamping mechanism 4 includes a first clamping frame 13 and a second clamping frame 12, wherein the first clamping frame 13 is fixed on one end of the slide rail 3, and the second clamping frame 13 is fixed on one end of the slide rail 3. A positioning plate 5 is arranged on a clamping frame 13 ; the second clamping frame 12 can move along the axial direction of the slide rail 3 . Taking Fig. 1 as an example, the first clamping frame 13 is at the front end of the slide rail 3, close to the servo motor 2, and the first clamping frame 13 is fixed. The second clamping frame 12 is adjustable in position. By adjusting its position, different distances can be generated between the first clamping frame 13 and the second clamping frame 12 to adapt to the sizes of different workpieces 6 . After the position of the second clamping frame 12 is adjusted, the second clamping frame 12 is fixed on the slide rail 3 by bolts.
具体地,所述的第一夹持架13包括对称设置的夹块21,自夹块21的顶面向夹块21的侧面方向加工有弧形的夹持面26,两个夹块21上的夹持面26共同用于放置和固定工件6;工件6一般为圆柱形结构,因此夹持面26采用弧形结构设计,使其能更好地适应工件6外形,从而起到对工件6有效固定的作用;夹块21的底部设置有多个间隔相同的卡槽27;所述的定位板5位于夹持面26的一侧,所述的滑轨3上沿滑轨3的轴向等间隔铺设有多个与所述卡槽27配合的卡块28。卡块28的间距与卡槽27之间的间距相同,通过将夹块21上的卡槽27插在不同的卡块28上,可以使夹块21之间产生不同的间距,从而使得该夹持机构4能放置不同轴径的圆柱工件6、矩形体工件6以及其他形状的工件6,实现划线功能的多样性。第一夹持架13的夹块21间距调整好之后,通过螺栓进行固定,并使得所有滑轨3上第一夹持架13的位置处于同一条直线上;第二夹持架12的结构与第一夹持架13基本相同,区别是第二夹持架12上没有定位板5,其余结构相同。第二夹持架12的夹块21间距调整好之后,可在滑轨3上推动第二夹持架12,以调节第一夹持架13、第二夹持架12的间距,位置合适后再通过螺栓进行固定。Specifically, the first clamping frame 13 includes symmetrically arranged clamping blocks 21, and an arc-shaped clamping surface 26 is processed from the top of the clamping block 21 to the side of the clamping block 21. The clamping surface 26 is commonly used to place and fix the workpiece 6; the workpiece 6 is generally a cylindrical structure, so the clamping surface 26 adopts an arc-shaped structure design, so that it can better adapt to the shape of the workpiece 6, thereby playing an effective role on the workpiece 6. The function of fixing; the bottom of the clamping block 21 is provided with a plurality of slots 27 at the same interval; A plurality of clamping blocks 28 cooperating with the clamping slots 27 are laid at intervals. The spacing between the clamping blocks 28 is the same as the spacing between the clamping slots 27. By inserting the clamping slots 27 on the clamping blocks 21 on different clamping blocks 28, different spacings can be produced between the clamping blocks 21, so that the clamping The holding mechanism 4 can place cylindrical workpieces 6 with different shaft diameters, rectangular workpieces 6 and workpieces 6 of other shapes, so as to realize the diversity of scribing functions. After the clamping block 21 spacing of the first clamping frame 13 is adjusted, fix by bolt, and make the position of the first clamping frame 13 on all slide rails 3 be on the same straight line; The structure of the second clamping frame 12 and The first clamping frame 13 is basically the same, the difference is that there is no positioning plate 5 on the second clamping frame 12, and other structures are the same. After the clamping block 21 spacing of the second clamping frame 12 is adjusted, the second clamping frame 12 can be pushed on the slide rail 3 to adjust the distance between the first clamping frame 13 and the second clamping frame 12. After the position is appropriate Then fix it with bolts.
所述的定位板5的作用是在放置工件6时起到定位的作用;当安放工件6时,首先利用吊装机构将工件6的一端放在第一夹持架13上,并使得工件6端部顶在定位板5上,然后再放下工件6的另一端;由于所有第一夹持架13处于同一直线上,因而当工件6端部顶在定位板5上放下后,可以使所有工件6的端部位置相同,这样就使得所有滑轨3上工件6的位置都是相同的,使得划线更加精确。The effect of described positioning plate 5 is to play the effect of positioning when placing workpiece 6; part on the positioning plate 5, and then put down the other end of the workpiece 6; since all the first clamping frames 13 are on the same straight line, when the end of the workpiece 6 is put down on the positioning plate 5, all the workpieces 6 can be The positions of the ends of the slide rails 3 are the same, so that the positions of the workpieces 6 on all slide rails 3 are the same, making the marking more accurate.
优选地,为了便于在滑轨3、第二夹持架12位置固定之前,对于其位置进行调整,本方案中,工作台1的端部安装有第二液压油缸23,第二液压油缸23的输出轴上安装有可上下移动的推移板24;所述的第二液压油缸23的输出轴上垂直安装有卡管29,卡管29的侧面沿轴向开设有条形槽,卡管29内部有滑轴33,滑轴33通过穿过所述条形槽的连接板32与所述的推移板24连接;所述的卡管29的底部设置有电动伸缩杆30,电动伸缩杆30的轴向与卡管29轴向平行;所述的电动伸缩杆30的输出轴通过连杆31与所述的推移板24连接。如图2、图6所示,第二夹持架12的水平位置较高,而滑轨3的水平位置较低,所述的推移板24实现了根据需要对滑轨3、第二夹持架12位置的调整。具体地,当需要调整所有滑轨3在工作台1的位置时,通过伸长电动伸缩杆30,使得推移板24的位置降低,然后再通过第二液压油缸23推动推移板24,推移板24逐渐与滑轨3端部接触,推动滑轨3到达合适位置后进行固定。而需要调节第二夹持架12位置时,则收缩电动伸缩杆30,使推移板24的位置升高,然后在推动第二夹持架12调节与第一夹持架13的间距。这种推移板24结构,使得滑轨3位置调节、第二夹持架12位置调节互不影响,同时也保证了不同的滑轨3、第二夹持架12在调整位置时的一致性。Preferably, in order to facilitate the adjustment of the position of the slide rail 3 and the second clamping frame 12 before their positions are fixed, in this solution, a second hydraulic cylinder 23 is installed at the end of the workbench 1, and the second hydraulic cylinder 23 A push plate 24 that can move up and down is installed on the output shaft; a card tube 29 is vertically installed on the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder 23, and the side of the card tube 29 is provided with a strip groove along the axial direction, and the inside of the card tube 29 A sliding shaft 33 is arranged, and the sliding shaft 33 is connected with the described pushing plate 24 through the connecting plate 32 passing through the strip groove; The direction is parallel to the axial direction of the card tube 29; the output shaft of the electric telescopic rod 30 is connected with the push plate 24 through the connecting rod 31. As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 6, the horizontal position of the second clamping frame 12 is higher, while the horizontal position of the slide rail 3 is lower, and the described push plate 24 realizes the slide rail 3 and the second clamping frame as required. Adjustment of rack 12 positions. Specifically, when it is necessary to adjust the positions of all slide rails 3 on the workbench 1, the position of the push plate 24 is lowered by extending the electric telescopic rod 30, and then the push plate 24 is pushed by the second hydraulic cylinder 23, and the push plate 24 Gradually contact with the end of the slide rail 3, push the slide rail 3 to a proper position and then fix it. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the second clamping frame 12, the electric telescopic rod 30 is contracted to raise the position of the push plate 24, and then the distance between the second clamping frame 12 and the first clamping frame 13 is adjusted by pushing the second clamping frame 12. This push plate 24 structure makes the position adjustment of the slide rail 3 and the position adjustment of the second clamping frame 12 independent of each other, and also ensures the consistency of different slide rails 3 and the second clamping frame 12 when adjusting their positions.
更具体的,所述的第一液压油缸18上设置有第一位移传感器19,第二液压油缸23上设置有第二位移传感器25;位移传感器13用于监控液压油缸输出轴的行程,以便于对其进行电动控制;第一液压油缸18、第二液压油缸23分别经过第一电磁换向阀20、第二电磁换向阀22连接至液压泵,这样通过一个液压泵和电磁换向阀的配合,能控制两个液压油缸。More specifically, the first hydraulic cylinder 18 is provided with a first displacement sensor 19, and the second hydraulic cylinder 23 is provided with a second displacement sensor 25; the displacement sensor 13 is used to monitor the stroke of the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder, so that It is electrically controlled; the first hydraulic cylinder 18 and the second hydraulic cylinder 23 are respectively connected to the hydraulic pump through the first electromagnetic reversing valve 20 and the second electromagnetic reversing valve 22, so that through a hydraulic pump and the electromagnetic reversing valve With cooperation, two hydraulic cylinders can be controlled.
本方案可以通过自动控制来进行划线,所述的伺服电机2、第一液压油缸18、第二液压油缸23均通过一个PLC控制器进行控制,而上述的各传感器、编码器10、电磁换向阀、液压泵等电子元器件均与PLC控制器连接,接受控制或提供信息。This scheme can carry out marking line through automatic control, and described servo motor 2, first hydraulic oil cylinder 18, second hydraulic oil cylinder 23 are all controlled by a PLC controller, and above-mentioned each sensor, encoder 10, electromagnetic commutator Electronic components such as valves and hydraulic pumps are connected to the PLC controller to receive control or provide information.
本方案的控制系统如图8所示,所述的控制系统包括360V动力电源、软启动器、伺服电机2、低压电器、PIZZ安全继电器和PLC控制器及触摸显示板。所述的软启动器起着稳压稳流作用和保证所述伺服电机2的平稳运行,所述的PIZZ安全继电器可以实现“急停”控制功能,所述的触摸显示板与所述的PLC控制器相互通信连接,所述的PLC的控制信号输出端与所述伺服电机2的控制信号输入端相连接,所述的PLC的控制信号输出端与第一电磁换向阀20、第二电磁换向阀22的输入端相连接,在所述的触摸显示板上输入划线相关技术参数通过PLC控制输出端使得伺服电机2运转从而带动丝杠11运动完成划线操作。The control system of this program is shown in Figure 8, and the control system includes a 360V power supply, a soft starter, a servo motor 2, a low-voltage electrical appliance, a PIZZ safety relay, a PLC controller and a touch display panel. The soft starter plays the role of stabilizing the voltage and current and ensuring the smooth operation of the servo motor 2. The PIZZ safety relay can realize the "emergency stop" control function. The touch display panel and the PLC The controllers communicate with each other, the control signal output end of the PLC is connected with the control signal input end of the servo motor 2, the control signal output end of the PLC is connected with the first electromagnetic reversing valve 20, the second electromagnetic reversing valve The input ends of the reversing valve 22 are connected, and the relevant technical parameters of marking are input on the touch display panel, and the output end is controlled by PLC to make the servo motor 2 run so as to drive the lead screw 11 to move to complete the marking operation.
所述的低压电器与所述的PLC控制器用来控制所述的伺服电机2的开关、正转与反转以及第一液压油缸18的活塞杆伸缩实现垂直上下往复运动和第二液压油缸23的活塞杆伸缩从而实现水平往复运动。所述的PLC的输入开关量(0/1)包括控制所述伺服电机2的开关SB1、正转开关SB2、反转开关SB3和所述第一液压油缸18活塞杆的伸出开关SB4、收缩开关SB5、第二液压油缸23活塞杆的伸出开关SB6、收缩开关SB7、接近开关SQ1和接近开关SQ2、所述压力传感器17的开关SQ2和所述编码开关SQ3。The low-voltage electrical appliances and the PLC controller are used to control the switch, forward rotation and reverse rotation of the servo motor 2, and the telescopic expansion and contraction of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 18 to achieve vertical up and down reciprocating motion and the second hydraulic cylinder 23. The piston rod expands and contracts to achieve horizontal reciprocating motion. The input switching value (0/1) of the PLC includes a switch SB1 for controlling the servo motor 2, a forward rotation switch SB2, a reverse rotation switch SB3, and an extension switch SB4, a retraction switch, and a retraction switch for the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 18. The switch SB5, the extension switch SB6 of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 23, the contraction switch SB7, the proximity switch SQ1 and the proximity switch SQ2, the switch SQ2 of the pressure sensor 17 and the coding switch SQ3.
PLC的输出信号包括伺服电机2的开关信号A1、正反转信号A3和A4以及渐近、接触、位移显示信号。PLC与触摸显示板相互通信连接,用来实现人机交互功能。触摸显示板可进行开关量的输入和参数的设置,触摸显示板能够读取并显示所述PLC输出模块的输出量,如:电机2的状态显示,液压油缸的动作状态,划线装置的运动位移。The output signals of the PLC include the switch signal A1 of the servo motor 2, the forward and reverse signals A3 and A4, and the asymptotic, contact and displacement display signals. The PLC and the touch display board communicate with each other to realize the human-computer interaction function. The touch display board can input the switch value and set the parameters. The touch display board can read and display the output of the PLC output module, such as: the state display of the motor 2, the action state of the hydraulic cylinder, and the movement of the marking device displacement.
当需要对工件6进行定位划线的时候,首先将被加工工件6吊置于各个所述的固定在工作台1上的可分离式的加持机构上,启动控制系统,在触摸显示板中启动第二液压油缸23的伸出开关SB6,在所述第二液压油缸23的推力作用下使得工件6与定位板5接触,使得工件6的端部与加持机构的一端对齐;然后启动第二液压油缸23的收缩开关SB7,第二液压油缸23活塞杆恢复至原位。When it is necessary to position and mark the workpiece 6, first hang the processed workpiece 6 on each of the detachable holding mechanisms fixed on the workbench 1, start the control system, and start it on the touch display panel. The extension switch SB6 of the second hydraulic cylinder 23 makes the workpiece 6 contact the positioning plate 5 under the thrust of the second hydraulic cylinder 23, so that the end of the workpiece 6 is aligned with one end of the clamping mechanism; then start the second hydraulic pressure. The retraction switch SB7 of the oil cylinder 23, the piston rod of the second hydraulic oil cylinder 23 returns to the original position.
其次,根据被加工工件6的图纸尺寸要求,向触摸显示板上的参数设置区输入划线参数,并启动伺服电机2正转按键,经过PLC及低压电器的控制,可以控制伺服电机2输出轴的转动圈数,所述伺服电机2通过弹性联轴器14带动所述丝杠11一起转动。所述丝杠11的圆周运动可转化为滑块的直线运动,从而安装在滑块上的第二液压油缸23、作相应的直线运动,到达预设位置时,停止运动。然后,启动触摸显示板上的第一液压油缸18、活塞杆的收缩开关SB5、,所述第一液压油缸18活塞杆收缩运动带动刀架8垂直向下运动,当刀片爪7上的所述压力传感器17接触到工件6时,即所述压力传感器17接受到力信号时,通过PLC的处理和控制解除所述压力传感器17的开关量信号以及所述第一液压油缸18的活塞杆收缩和刀架8的下行功能,然后利用伺服电机2驱动刀片爪7在工件6上实现划线操作。Secondly, according to the drawing size requirements of the processed workpiece 6, input the marking parameters to the parameter setting area on the touch display panel, and start the forward rotation button of the servo motor 2, and control the output shaft of the servo motor 2 through the control of PLC and low-voltage electrical appliances The number of rotations, the servo motor 2 drives the lead screw 11 to rotate together through the elastic coupling 14 . The circular motion of the lead screw 11 can be converted into the linear motion of the slider, so that the second hydraulic cylinder 23 installed on the slider makes a corresponding linear motion, and stops when it reaches a preset position. Then, start the contraction switch SB5 of the first hydraulic cylinder 18 and the piston rod on the touch display panel, and the contraction movement of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 18 drives the knife rest 8 to move vertically downwards. When the pressure sensor 17 touches the workpiece 6, that is, when the pressure sensor 17 receives a force signal, the switching signal of the pressure sensor 17 and the contraction and compression of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 18 are released through PLC processing and control. The down function of the knife rest 8, then utilizes the servo motor 2 to drive the blade claw 7 to realize the scribing operation on the workpiece 6.
最后,启动第一液压油缸18活塞杆的伸出开关SB4,刀架8回到初始位置,伸出过程中如第一液压油缸18的活塞杆通过了所述的第一位移传感器19,则PLC读取第一位移传感器19的变化开关量并取消油缸伸出功能,此时一次划线操作完成。如此重复以上操作,可实现工件6批次批量并行式自动定位划线。Finally, start the extension switch SB4 of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 18, and the knife rest 8 returns to the initial position. If the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 18 passes through the first displacement sensor 19 in the extension process, the PLC Read the change switch value of the first displacement sensor 19 and cancel the oil cylinder extension function, and now a marking operation is completed. By repeating the above operations, 6 batches of workpieces can be automatically positioned and marked in parallel.
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