CN108010086A - Camera marking method, device and medium based on tennis court markings intersection point - Google Patents
Camera marking method, device and medium based on tennis court markings intersection point Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of camera marking method based on tennis court markings intersection point, device and medium, its method includes:Using video camera several clearly tennis field pictures are obtained from multiple and different angles;The tennis court markings in court image of often throwing the net are extracted using line detection algorithm, determine the linear equation of each tennis court markings;Multigroup relevant straightway pair is selected from the tennis court markings extracted by each image, calculates multiple tennis court markings intersection points;Using the real three-dimensional world coordinate of corresponding points on the pixel coordinate of tennis court markings intersection point and tennis court, the inner parameter and external parameter of video camera is calculated.The present invention can carry out proving operation to the video camera being erected on tennis court in the case of without using traditional scaling reference such as gridiron pattern scaling board and obtain high-precision camera interior and exterior parameter, suitable for the occasion of this traditional scaling board inconvenient to use, operation is simple flexible, and has very high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of camera calibration in computer vision discipline, in particular to a calibration technology based on a calibration reference object, and specifically relates to a camera calibration method, a device and a medium based on a tennis court marker line intersection point.
Background
Camera calibration is a concern and problem to be solved in both computer vision and photogrammetry, and generally refers to the determination of the geometric relationship between the camera image pixels and their corresponding scene points. Specifically, the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera are solved by the image coordinates and the three-dimensional world coordinates of the known feature points for a given camera model.
In practice, the technology for calibrating camera parameters mainly utilizes a calibration reference object. By means of a calibration reference object with known size, the internal and external parameters of the camera model are obtained by utilizing a certain algorithm through establishing the correspondence between the known point on the calibration reference object and the image point of the calibration reference object. The calibration reference objects are mainly divided into three categories: three-dimensional precise calibration objects, two-dimensional plane calibration objects and one-dimensional calibration objects.
Although the traditional camera calibration method can be suitable for any camera model, the traditional camera calibration method needs to utilize a known scene structure and a high-precision calibration reference, and the calibration precision depends on the precision of the calibration reference to a great extent. The camera calibration generally requires that the target occupies a large area in the field of view as much as possible, however, in the case of a large field of view like a stadium, the manufacturing of the calibration reference object with high precision and large size is difficult, and the calibration precision is difficult to guarantee. Moreover, when the camera needs to be adjusted in angle or changed in position, the calibration reference object needs to be reused for calibration, so that the calibration method causes complicated operation. Therefore, if we need to erect the camera on the tennis court, it is necessary to develop a simple, flexible and reliable camera calibration method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simple, flexible and reliable camera calibration method, device and medium based on the intersection point of the marker lines of the tennis court.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a camera calibration method based on the intersection point of the tennis court marker lines, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a plurality of clear tennis court images from a plurality of different angles by using a camera;
extracting tennis court mark lines in each tennis court image by using a linear detection algorithm, and determining a linear equation of each tennis court mark line;
selecting a plurality of groups of related straight line segment pairs from the tennis court marking lines extracted from each image, and calculating a plurality of tennis court marking line intersection points;
and calculating to obtain the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera by using the pixel coordinates of the intersection point of the marker lines of the tennis court and the real three-dimensional world coordinates of the corresponding point on the tennis court.
Wherein the step of acquiring a plurality of sharp tennis court images from a plurality of different angles using the camera comprises:
shooting a tennis court from different angles by using a camera, acquiring a plurality of images containing tennis court mark lines from different viewing angles, respectively establishing a camera coordinate system and an image plane coordinate system of the camera at different shooting positions, and establishing a three-dimensional world coordinate system;
and selecting images at least containing the whole 1/2 court from the image set, carrying out image preprocessing operation on the selected images one by one, and carrying out noise reduction processing on the images on the basis of ensuring the retention of effective information of the images.
The step of calculating the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera by using the pixel coordinates of the intersection point of the marker lines of the tennis court and the real three-dimensional world coordinates of the corresponding point on the tennis court comprises the following steps:
solving homography matrix H of each sub-image plane coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system according to the pixel coordinate of the court angular point in the image and the corresponding real three-dimensional world coordinate;
solving internal parameters and external parameters (R, t) of the camera for a plurality of homography matrixes obtained from a plurality of shot images, wherein the external parameters (R, t) of the camera represent the relationship between a court plane coordinate system and each image plane coordinate system;
solving a rotation matrix and a translation vector between each image coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system;
and carrying out nonlinear optimization on the acquired internal parameters and external parameters of the camera.
The invention also provides a camera calibration device based on the tennis court marker line intersection, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, wherein the computer program realizes the steps of the method when being executed by the processor.
The invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method as described above.
The invention provides a camera calibration method based on the intersection point of the marker lines of a tennis court, which can calibrate the camera erected on the tennis court without using traditional calibration reference substances such as a chessboard calibration board and the like and obtain high-precision internal and external parameters of the camera, is suitable for occasions inconvenient to use the traditional calibration board, is simple and flexible to operate and has high precision.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the common calibration mode of the traditional calibration reference substances by means of a checkerboard calibration plate and the like, the method can save the manufacture of the traditional calibration reference substances, thereby saving the calibration cost of the camera;
2. the camera calibration method can greatly reduce the complexity of the camera calibration process, is simple, convenient and flexible to operate, and can realize semi-automation of the calibration process;
3. the method is suitable for calibrating the camera under the condition of most large visual fields, has better robustness and can obtain more accurate calibration data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a camera calibration method based on a tennis court marker line intersection point, provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic specific flow chart of the camera calibration method based on the tennis court marker line intersection point provided by the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of two-dimensional coordinate points of the marker lines and their intersections in the image of the camera calibration method based on the tennis court marker line intersections proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of coordinate points (Z ═ 0) of marker lines and their intersection points in a real three-dimensional space of the camera calibration method based on the tennis court marker line intersection points provided by the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a camera calibration method based on a tennis court marker line intersection point according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic specific flow chart of the camera calibration method based on the tennis court marker line intersection point provided by the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a camera calibration method based on a tennis court marker line intersection, including the following steps:
s1, acquiring a plurality of clear tennis court images from a plurality of different angles by using the camera;
wherein the step of using a camera to acquire a plurality of clear tennis court images from a plurality of different angles comprises:
shooting a tennis court from different angles by using a camera, acquiring a plurality of images containing tennis court mark lines from different viewing angles, respectively establishing a camera coordinate system and an image plane coordinate system of the camera at different shooting positions, and establishing a three-dimensional world coordinate system;
selecting from the set of images at least the wholeAnd (3) carrying out image preprocessing operation on the selected images one by one for the images of the court, and carrying out noise reduction processing on the images on the basis of ensuring the retention of effective information of the images.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, steps S2, S3, and S4 are proposed.
S2, extracting the tennis court mark lines in each tennis court image by using a straight line detection algorithm, and determining a straight line equation of each tennis court mark line;
s3, selecting a plurality of groups of related straight line segment pairs from the tennis court marking lines extracted from each image, and calculating a plurality of intersection points of the tennis court marking lines;
s4, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, calculating the internal parameter and the external parameter of the camera by using the pixel coordinate of the intersection point of the tennis court marker lines and the real three-dimensional world coordinate of the corresponding point on the tennis court.
The step of calculating the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera by using the pixel coordinates of the intersection point of the marker lines of the tennis court and the real three-dimensional world coordinates of the corresponding point on the tennis court comprises the following steps:
solving homography matrix H of each sub-image plane coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system according to the pixel coordinate of the court angular point in the image and the corresponding real three-dimensional world coordinate;
solving internal parameters and external parameters of the camera for a plurality of homography matrixes obtained from a plurality of shot images, wherein the external parameters (R, t) of the camera represent the relationship between a court plane coordinate system and each image plane coordinate system;
solving a rotation matrix and a translation vector between each image coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system;
and carrying out nonlinear optimization on the acquired internal parameters and external parameters of the camera.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail:
the invention aims to provide a camera calibration method based on the intersection point of the marker lines of the tennis court, which can calibrate the camera erected on the tennis court without using traditional calibration reference substances such as a chessboard calibration board and the like, obtain high-precision internal and external parameters of the camera, is suitable for occasions inconvenient to use the traditional calibration board, is simple and flexible to operate and has high precision.
The camera calibration method based on the tennis court marker line intersection point comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring a plurality of clear tennis court images from a plurality of different angles by using a camera; extracting tennis court mark lines in each tennis court image by using a linear detection algorithm, and determining a linear equation of each mark line; then selecting a plurality of groups of related straight line segment pairs from the tennis court marking lines extracted from each image, and calculating a plurality of intersection points; and finally, calculating to obtain the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera by using the pixel coordinates of the intersection point of the marker lines of the tennis court and the real three-dimensional world coordinates of the corresponding point on the tennis court.
The method mainly comprises the following operation steps:
a) shooting a tennis court by a camera from different angles, acquiring a plurality of images containing tennis court mark lines from different angles, respectively establishing a camera coordinate system and an image plane coordinate system of the camera at different shooting positions, and establishing a three-dimensional world coordinate system;
b) selecting from the set of images at least the wholeThe images of the court pay attention to the fact that the shooting angle diversity of the images is guaranteed, image preprocessing operation is carried out on the selected images one by one, and noise reduction processing is carried out on the images on the basis that the effective information of the images is kept;
c) detecting all straight line segments in the image by using a straight line detection algorithm, and obtaining two-point equation representation of the straight line segments;
d) further screening, extracting a tennis court mark straight line;
e) determining a court angular point to be extracted, and solving the intersection point of two corresponding straight line segments as a pixel coordinate in the image;
f) and finally, calculating to obtain the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera by combining the real three-dimensional world coordinates of each corresponding court corner point.
The calibration parameter calculation process comprises the following steps:
and solving the homography matrix H of each sub-image plane coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system by the pixel coordinate of the court corner point in the image and the corresponding real three-dimensional world coordinate (Z is 0). Method of solving the homography matrix H in zhang.z.y article "a flexible new technique for camera calibration [ J ]. IEEE trans.on pattern analysis and Machine analysis, 2000, 22 (11): 1330, 1334 ".
And solving internal parameters and external parameters of the camera for a plurality of homography matrixes obtained from a plurality of shot images.
And decomposing the homography matrix by the orthogonality of the rotation matrix to form an over-determined equation containing the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera, and obtaining the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera through singular value decomposition and a series of transformations. Specific solution methods in zhang.z.y. article "a flexible new technique for camera calibration [ J ]. ieee trans.on Pattern Analysis and machine Intelligence, 2000, 22 (11): 1330, 1334 ".
The camera extrinsic parameters (R, t) represent the relationship between the court plane coordinate system and the respective image plane coordinate systems.
The camera intrinsic parameter matrix A can be expressed as
Wherein α and β are scale factors of two coordinate axes of an image plane coordinate system respectively, and gamma is a non-perpendicular factor of the two coordinate axes, (u)0,v0) Are camera principal point coordinates.
And solving the rotation matrix and the translation vector between each image coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system.
Here, with the camera extrinsic parameters obtained in step b), i.e. the relationship between the court plane coordinate system and the respective image plane coordinate systems, a rotation matrix R between the two can be obtainediAnd translation vector Ti
Carrying out nonlinear optimization on the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera obtained in the step b).
Assuming that the noise follows a zero-mean gaussian distribution and is independently distributed, in order to obtain an optimal solution of the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera under the maximum likelihood criterion, an objective function with a reprojection error as the minimum needs to be established:
wherein,
wherein A is a camera internal parameter matrix, k1,k2As a parameter of radial distortion, Ri,Ti(i 1.. m-1) is a rotation matrix and a translation vector between each image plane coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system;the rotation matrix and the translation vector between the court plane coordinate system and the camera coordinate system are obtained; n is the number of images acquired at different shooting positions of the camera; t is in the coordinate system of the courtThe total number of feature points;the homogeneous coordinate of the court feature point in the jth shooting angle image in the image plane coordinate system is obtained;and the homogeneous coordinates of the re-projected image with lens distortion of the ball field characteristic points in the jth shooting angle in the image plane coordinate system.
Here, if piIs the three-dimensional coordinate of the court feature point P under the image coordinate system of a certain shooting angle,is converted into a coordinate P under a court plane coordinate systemTiThen, projecting the ideal image homogeneous coordinate under the camera image coordinate,for the homogeneous coordinates of the corresponding re-projected image with lens distortion, the specific transformation relationship of the above parameters is as follows:
wherein A is an internal parameter of the camera, and rho is any nonzero constant.
In particular toAndthe transformation relation of (1) is in the article "A flexible new technical for camera calibration [ J ] of ZHANG.Z.Y]IEEE trans. on Pattern Analysis and machinery intelligence, 2000, 22 (11): 1330, 1334 ".
Bonding ofThe rotation matrix and the translation vector between each image plane coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system in the above steps can be obtained according to the above formulaThen according to the distortion correction method
And finally, carrying out nonlinear optimization on the minimum objective function by adopting a Levenberg-Marquardt nonlinear optimization method to obtain the optimal solution of the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera under the maximum likelihood criterion.
The invention does not use the traditional calibration reference object, only uses the original mark line and the size information of the playground to calibrate the cameras erected around the visual field, can calibrate the cameras erected on the tennis court under the condition of not using the traditional calibration reference objects such as a chessboard calibration plate and the like, and obtains the high-precision internal and external parameters of the cameras, is suitable for the occasion that the traditional calibration plate is inconvenient to use, has simple and flexible operation, and has high precision.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the common calibration mode of the traditional calibration reference substances by means of a checkerboard calibration plate and the like, the method can save the manufacture of the traditional calibration reference substances, thereby saving the calibration cost of the camera;
2. the camera calibration method can greatly reduce the complexity of the camera calibration process, is simple, convenient and flexible to operate, and can realize semi-automation of the calibration process;
3. the method is suitable for calibrating the camera under the condition of most large visual fields, has better robustness and can obtain more accurate calibration data.
Furthermore, the present invention also provides a camera calibration apparatus based on tennis court marker line intersection, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, wherein the computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method according to the above embodiment.
The invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to the above embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or flow transformations made by the present specification and drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related arts, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A camera calibration method based on tennis court marker line intersection points is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a plurality of clear tennis court images from a plurality of different angles by using a camera;
extracting tennis court mark lines in each tennis court image by using a linear detection algorithm, and determining a linear equation of each tennis court mark line;
selecting a plurality of groups of related straight line segment pairs from the tennis court marking lines extracted from each image, and calculating a plurality of tennis court marking line intersection points;
and calculating to obtain the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera by using the pixel coordinates of the intersection point of the marker lines of the tennis court and the real three-dimensional world coordinates of the corresponding point on the tennis court.
2. The tennis court marking line intersection-based camera calibration method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of using a camera to acquire a plurality of clear tennis court images from a plurality of different angles comprises:
shooting a tennis court from different angles by using a camera, acquiring a plurality of images containing tennis court mark lines from different viewing angles, respectively establishing a camera coordinate system and an image plane coordinate system of the camera at different shooting positions, and establishing a three-dimensional world coordinate system;
and selecting images at least containing the whole 1/2 court from the image set, carrying out image preprocessing operation on the selected images one by one, and carrying out noise reduction processing on the images on the basis of ensuring the retention of effective information of the images.
3. The method for calibrating a camera based on the tennis court marker line intersection point according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera by using the pixel coordinates of the tennis court marker line intersection point and the real three-dimensional world coordinates of the corresponding point on the tennis court comprises the following steps:
solving homography matrix H of each sub-image plane coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system according to the pixel coordinate of the court angular point in the image and the corresponding real three-dimensional world coordinate;
solving internal parameters and external parameters (R, t) of the camera for a plurality of homography matrixes obtained from a plurality of shot images, wherein the external parameters (R, t) of the camera represent the relationship between a court plane coordinate system and each image plane coordinate system;
solving a rotation matrix and a translation vector between each image coordinate system and the court plane coordinate system;
and carrying out nonlinear optimization on the acquired internal parameters and external parameters of the camera.
4. A camera calibration arrangement based on tennis court marker line intersections, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, which computer program, when executed by the processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-3.
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