CN107976501B - A kind of detection method of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl) ethylamine - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl) ethylamine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- BXUJVINGXQGNFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylsulfonylethanamine Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(C(N)CS(C)(=O)=O)=CC=C1OC BXUJVINGXQGNFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XTIINWPNAMHVDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile Chemical compound CCOC1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1OC XTIINWPNAMHVDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- IMOZEMNVLZVGJZ-QGZVFWFLSA-N apremilast Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OCC)=CC([C@@H](CS(C)(=O)=O)N2C(C3=C(NC(C)=O)C=CC=C3C2=O)=O)=C1 IMOZEMNVLZVGJZ-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960001164 apremilast Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MSYGAHOHLUJIKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester Chemical compound CC1=C(C(=O)OCC)C(C)=NN1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 MSYGAHOHLUJIKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000011017 Type 4 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010037584 Type 4 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- SDNXQWUJWNTDCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylethanamine Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)CCN SDNXQWUJWNTDCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl Benzonitrile Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- XDJAAZYHCCRJOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxybenzonitrile Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 XDJAAZYHCCRJOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000004681 Psoriasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000001263 Psoriatic Arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036824 Psoriatic arthropathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZQPHLXSUBRUHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile methanol 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC.CC#N.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F ZQPHLXSUBRUHEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126701 oral medication Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940011530 otezla Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于分析化学技术领域,具体涉及一种1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺的检测方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of analytical chemistry, in particular to a method for detecting 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine.
背景技术Background technique
阿普斯特(Apremilast)是治疗活动性银屑病关节炎的口服药物,化学名称为(S)-2-[1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基)苯基-2-甲磺酰基乙基]-4-乙酰基氨基异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮,CAS号608141-41-9。该药物在2014年3月以商品名Otezla(Apremilast)获得FDA批准,是FDA批准的首个也是唯一一种用于斑块型银屑病治疗的口服、选择性磷酸二酯酶4(PDE4)抑制剂。Apremilast is an oral medication for the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis with the chemical name (S)-2-[1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxy)phenyl-2- Methylsulfonylethyl]-4-acetylaminoisoindoline-1,3-dione, CAS No. 608141-41-9. The drug, approved by the FDA in March 2014 under the trade name Otezla (Apremilast), is the first and only FDA-approved oral, selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) for the treatment of plaque psoriasis ) inhibitor.
1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基)苯基-2-甲磺酰基乙胺是制备阿普斯特的关键中间体,其纯度、杂质直接影响阿普斯特的纯度和杂质的含量,从而影响该药物的疗效。1-(3-Ethoxy-4-methoxy)phenyl-2-methanesulfonylethylamine is a key intermediate in the preparation of apremilast, and its purity and impurities directly affect the purity and impurities of apremilast content, thereby affecting the efficacy of the drug.
目前,尚未有关于1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺的纯度检测方法的相关文献及报道,为了加强1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺质量控制,需要研发出其的检测方法。At present, there are no relevant literature and reports on the purity detection method of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine. For the quality control of ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine, it is necessary to develop its detection method.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺的检测方法。In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine.
1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺(AMT01)的结构式如下:The structural formula of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine (AMTO1) is as follows:
3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲腈(AMT00)是1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺(AMT01)的中间体,其结构式如下:3-Ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile (AMT00) is a Intermediate, its structural formula is as follows:
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺的检测方法,包括以下步骤:A method for detecting 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine, comprising the following steps:
(1)分别称取1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺和3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲腈置于同一容量瓶中,用稀释液溶解并定容,配制成系统适应性溶液;具体地,分别精密称取20-30mg的1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺和20-30mg的3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲腈置于同一个50ml的容量瓶中,用稀释液溶解并定容,配制成系统适应性溶液;其中,1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺的浓度为0.4-0.6mg/ml,3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲腈的浓度为0.4-0.6mg/ml;(1) Weigh out 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine and 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile respectively In the same volumetric flask, dissolve and dilute to volume with diluent to prepare a system adaptability solution; 2-(Methylsulfonyl)ethylamine and 20-30mg of 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile were placed in the same 50ml volumetric flask, dissolved with diluent and fixed to volume to prepare a system Adaptation solution; wherein the concentration of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine is 0.4-0.6 mg/ml, 3-ethoxy- The concentration of 4-methoxybenzonitrile is 0.4-0.6 mg/ml;
(2)精密称定供试品,用稀释液进行溶解并定容,配制成供试品溶液;具体地,精密称取15-50mg的供试品,置于50ml的容量瓶中,用稀释液进行溶解并定容,配制得到浓度为0.3-1mg/ml的供试品溶液;(2) Precisely weigh the test sample, dissolve it with the diluent and dilute to volume, and prepare the test sample solution; The solution is dissolved and constant to volume, and the solution of the test product with a concentration of 0.3-1 mg/ml is prepared;
(3)精密量取稀释液,注入液相色谱仪,采用流动相进行梯度洗脱,并记录色谱图,不得有干扰;(3) Precisely measure the diluent, inject it into the liquid chromatograph, use the mobile phase to carry out gradient elution, and record the chromatogram without interference;
(4)精密量取系统适应性溶液,注入液相色谱仪,采用流动相进行梯度洗脱,并记录色谱图,理论板数按1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺计算应不低于2000,主峰与AMT00峰之间的分离度应不小于1.5;(4) Precisely measure the system adaptability solution, inject it into the liquid chromatograph, use the mobile phase to carry out gradient elution, and record the chromatogram, the theoretical plate number is 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl) )-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine should not be less than 2000, and the resolution between the main peak and the AMT00 peak should not be less than 1.5;
(5)精密量取供试品溶液,注入液相色谱仪,采用流动相进行梯度洗脱,并记录色谱图,供试品溶液的色谱图中扣除空白试验色谱峰,按面积归一化法分别计算产品纯度和杂质含量;(5) Precisely measure the test solution, inject it into a liquid chromatograph, use the mobile phase to carry out gradient elution, and record the chromatogram, deduct the blank test chromatographic peak in the chromatogram of the test solution, and use the area normalization method. Calculate product purity and impurity content separately;
其中所述液相色谱仪的操作条件为:The operating conditions of the liquid chromatograph are:
色谱柱:苯基柱;Chromatographic column: phenyl column;
进样量:5-10μl;Injection volume: 5-10μl;
流速:0.8-1.2ml/min;Flow rate: 0.8-1.2ml/min;
柱温:20-30℃;Column temperature: 20-30℃;
检测波长:200-250nm;Detection wavelength: 200-250nm;
流动相:流动相A 0.05%三氟醋酸水溶液:流动相B 0.05%三氟醋酸(乙腈:甲醇=700:300)溶液,其体积比为(10-95):(5-90);Mobile phase: mobile phase A 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution: mobile phase B 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (acetonitrile: methanol=700:300) solution, the volume ratio is (10-95): (5-90);
稀释液:乙腈:水,其体积比为(0.5-1.5):1;Diluent: acetonitrile: water, its volume ratio is (0.5-1.5): 1;
检测器:紫外检测器。Detector: UV detector.
优选地,所述色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB phenyl,尺寸为4.6*250mm,5μm。Preferably, the chromatographic column is Agilent Zorbax SB phenyl, the size is 4.6*250mm, 5μm.
优选地,所述进样量为5μl。Preferably, the injection volume is 5 μl.
优选地,所述流速为1ml/min。Preferably, the flow rate is 1 ml/min.
优选地,所述检测波长为230nm。Preferably, the detection wavelength is 230 nm.
优选地,所述柱温为25℃。Preferably, the column temperature is 25°C.
优选地,所述稀释液为乙腈与水按体积比为1:1混合而成。Preferably, the diluent is formed by mixing acetonitrile and water in a volume ratio of 1:1.
优选地,所述梯度洗脱条件为:0-30min:流动相A 95%,流动相B 5%;30-35min:流动相A 10%,流动相B 90%;35-40min:流动相A 95%,流动相B 5%。Preferably, the gradient elution conditions are: 0-30min: mobile phase A 95%, mobile phase B 5%; 30-35min: mobile phase A 10%, mobile phase B 90%; 35-40min: mobile phase A 95%, mobile phase B 5%.
本发明中的流动相为三氟乙酸水溶液、三氟乙酸甲醇-乙腈溶液,按照一定比例进行梯度洗脱,使1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺与相关杂质能实现有效分离,流动相中加入三氟乙酸可以有效改善峰型。The mobile phase in the present invention is trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution, trifluoroacetic acid methanol-acetonitrile solution, and gradient elution is carried out according to a certain ratio, so that 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-( Methylsulfonyl)ethylamine and related impurities can be effectively separated, and adding trifluoroacetic acid to the mobile phase can effectively improve the peak shape.
本发明的有益效果The beneficial effects of the present invention
(1)本发明的检测方法简单、快速,可以实现对1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺的准确测定,具有很高的灵敏度;(1) The detection method of the present invention is simple and fast, can realize the accurate determination of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine, and has high sensitivity;
(2)本发明的检测方法使1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺及其已知杂质均能实现有效分离,分离度不小于1.5,符合完全分离的标准;(2) The detection method of the present invention enables effective separation of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine and its known impurities, and the degree of separation Not less than 1.5, meeting the standard of complete separation;
(3)本发明的检测方法为1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺工业化生产提供质量支持。(3) The detection method of the present invention provides quality support for the industrial production of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施例1中系统适应性溶液的高效液相色谱图;色谱峰1为1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺(AMT01);色谱峰2为3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲腈(AMT00);Fig. 1 is the high performance liquid chromatogram of system adaptability solution in embodiment 1; Chromatographic peak 1 is 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl) ethylamine (AMT01); Chromatographic peak 2 is 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzonitrile (AMT00);
图2为供试品2的高效液相色谱图。Fig. 2 is the high performance liquid chromatogram of test sample 2.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更好的解释本发明,现结合以下具体实施例做进一步说明,但是本发明不限于具体实施例。In order to better explain the present invention, further description will now be made in conjunction with the following specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
一种1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺的检测方法,A method for detecting 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine,
一、仪器与检测条件1. Instruments and testing conditions
岛津LC-15C高效液相色谱仪,色谱柱选用Agilent ZORBAX SB-phenyl(4.6*250mm,5μm);Shimadzu LC-15C high performance liquid chromatograph, the chromatographic column is Agilent ZORBAX SB-phenyl (4.6*250mm, 5μm);
进样量:5μl;Injection volume: 5μl;
流速:1ml/min;Flow rate: 1ml/min;
柱温:25℃;Column temperature: 25℃;
检测波长:230nm;Detection wavelength: 230nm;
流动相:流动相A 0.05%三氟醋酸水溶液,流动相B 0.05%三氟醋酸(乙腈:甲醇=700:300)溶液,采用梯度洗脱,所述梯度洗脱条件为:0-30min:流动相A 95%,流动相B5%;30-35min:流动相A 10%,流动相B 90%;35-40min:流动相A 95%,流动相B 5%。Mobile phase: mobile phase A 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution, mobile phase B 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (acetonitrile: methanol = 700: 300) solution, using gradient elution, the gradient elution conditions are: 0-30min: mobile Phase A 95%, mobile phase B 5%; 30-35min: mobile phase A 10%, mobile phase B 90%; 35-40min: mobile phase A 95%, mobile phase B 5%.
稀释液:乙腈与水按体积比为1:1。Diluent: acetonitrile and water in a volume ratio of 1:1.
检测器:紫外检测器。Detector: UV detector.
二、实验步骤2. Experimental steps
采用高效液相色谱法进行检测,检测步骤如下:High performance liquid chromatography was used for detection, and the detection steps were as follows:
(1)分别精密称取25mg的1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺和25mg的3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯甲腈置于同一个50ml的容量瓶中,用稀释液溶解并定容,配制成系统适应性溶液;(1) Precisely weigh 25 mg of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine and 25 mg of 3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl Benzonitrile was placed in the same 50ml volumetric flask, dissolved with diluent and adjusted to volume to prepare a system adaptability solution;
(2)精密称取25mg的供试品,置于50ml的容量瓶中,用稀释液进行溶解并定容,配制得到浓度为0.5mg/ml的供试品溶液;(2) Accurately weigh 25mg of the test product, place it in a 50ml volumetric flask, dissolve it with a diluent and dilute to volume, and prepare a test solution with a concentration of 0.5mg/ml;
(3)精密量取稀释液5μl,注入液相色谱仪,采用流动相进行梯度洗脱,并记录色谱图;(3) Precisely measure 5 μl of the diluent, inject it into a liquid chromatograph, use the mobile phase to carry out gradient elution, and record the chromatogram;
(4)精密量取系统适应性溶液5μl,注入液相色谱仪,采用流动相进行梯度洗脱,并记录色谱图,理论板数按1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺计算应不低于2000,主峰与AMT00峰之间的分离度应不小于1.5;(4) Precisely measure 5 μl of the system adaptability solution, inject it into the liquid chromatograph, use the mobile phase to carry out gradient elution, and record the chromatogram. The number of theoretical plates is 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzene) base)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine should not be less than 2000, and the resolution between the main peak and the AMT00 peak should not be less than 1.5;
(5)精密量取供试品溶液5μl,注入液相色谱仪,采用流动相进行梯度洗脱,并记录色谱图,供试品溶液的色谱图中扣除空白试验色谱峰,按面积归一化法分别计算产品纯度和杂质含量。(5) Precisely measure 5 μl of the test solution, inject it into a liquid chromatograph, use the mobile phase to carry out gradient elution, and record the chromatogram. The blank test chromatographic peak is deducted from the chromatogram of the test solution, and normalized by area. The product purity and impurity content were calculated separately.
实施例2Example 2
取三批同一生产规格指令生产的1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺产品,分别为供试品1-3,按照实施例1的检测方法进行检测,采用面积归一化法进行纯度及其杂质计算,检测结果见下表1-3:Take three batches of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl) ethylamine products produced by the same production specification instruction, which are respectively test samples 1-3, according to the implementation The detection method of Example 1 is detected, and the area normalization method is used to calculate the purity and impurities thereof, and the detection results are shown in the following table 1-3:
表1为供试品1的检测结果Table 1 is the test result of test sample 1
表2为供试品2的检测结果Table 2 is the test result of test product 2
表3为供试品3的检测结果Table 3 is the test result of test sample 3
本发明的检测方法能够简便、准确、快速、高效、可靠的检测1-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-2-(甲基磺酰基)乙胺的纯度和杂质含量,具有很高的灵敏度,且操作简便,可以实现完全分离,进而为研究此类化合物提供了研究开发和质量检测的基础。The detection method of the invention can simply, accurately, quickly, efficiently and reliably detect the purity and impurity content of 1-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethylamine , has high sensitivity, is easy to operate, and can achieve complete separation, thereby providing the basis for research and development and quality detection for the study of such compounds.
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明作的等效变换,或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之中。The above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent transformations made by the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are similarly included in the present invention. within the scope of patent protection.
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