CN107970041A - The method, apparatus and equipment identified to the flow direction of contrast agent - Google Patents
The method, apparatus and equipment identified to the flow direction of contrast agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN107970041A CN107970041A CN201711484761.9A CN201711484761A CN107970041A CN 107970041 A CN107970041 A CN 107970041A CN 201711484761 A CN201711484761 A CN 201711484761A CN 107970041 A CN107970041 A CN 107970041A
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- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 210000003101 oviduct Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002607 contrast-enhanced ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B8/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agents, e.g. microbubbles introduced into the bloodstream
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/46—Ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic devices with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B8/461—Displaying means of special interest
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5207—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data, e.g. for generating an image
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Abstract
An embodiment of the present invention provides the method, apparatus and equipment that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent identifies, when carrying out contrast examination, under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest is obtained；The ultrasonic contrast image is parsed, obtains the flow direction of contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image；Each flow direction of contrast agent is identified.It follows that the contrast agent on different flow directions is identified in different ways, the accuracy of ultrasonic contrast imaging is improved, by the mark of the flow direction of contrast agent, is conducive to doctor and carries out ultrasonic contrast diagnosis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic diagnostic equipment technology technical field, more particularly to a kind of flow direction to contrast agent to identify
Method, apparatus and equipment.
Background technology
Ultrasonic imaging is the Non-invasive detection mode of current comparative maturity, compared to CT and MRI (English full name：Magnetic
ResonanceImaging, Chinese full name：Magnetic resonance imaging), Ultrasonic Diagnosis have radiation less, expense it is cheap, easy to operate etc.
Advantage so that Ultrasonic Diagnosis becomes clinical primary detection methods.Wherein, contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique is to make to be scattered back using contrast agent
Sound strengthens, and can effectively improve resolving power, the Sensitivity and Specificity of Ultrasonic Diagnosis.Therefore, ultrasonic contrast imaging is called super
The third time revolution of audio technology.
But in the prior art, ultrasound contrast imaging technology can not determine the flow direction of contrast agent, be examined to ultrasonic contrast
It is disconnected to bring certain inconvenience.
The content of the invention
In view of this, a kind of identified an embodiment of the present invention provides flow direction to contrast agent method, apparatus and set
It is standby, solve in the prior art due to the flow direction that can not determine contrast agent, cause doctor not carried out to the state of an illness accurately
The problem of diagnosis, especially when carrying out Salpingography inspection, since uncertain contrast agent is flowed out from which oviductus lateralis,
The problem of so as to be determined according to Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography being any oviductus lateralis.
The method that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention identifies, including：
Under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest is obtained；
The ultrasonic contrast image is parsed, obtains the flow direction of contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image；
Each flow direction of contrast agent is identified.
Optionally, it is described that the ultrasonic contrast image is parsed, including：
The region-of-interest is gathered in ultrasonic signal at different moments；
Auto-correlation and cross correlation process are carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtain the flowing speed of contrast agent on the region-of-interest
Degree；
According to the attribute of the flowing velocity of the contrast agent, the flow direction of contrast agent is determined.
Optionally, each flow direction to contrast agent is identified, including：
The color of the mark of each flow direction is determined respectively；
Any one flow direction is directed to, using the color of the corresponding mark in the flow direction to radiography in this direction
Agent is identified.
Optionally, further include：
Determine the voltage and scan frequency of Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, under the voltage and scan frequency, the contrast agent
Microvesicle does not rupture.
Optionally, after each flow direction to contrast agent is identified, further include：
Export the ultrasonic contrast image of the region-of-interest.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the device that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent identifies, including：
Acquiring unit, under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, obtaining the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest；
Resolution unit, for being parsed to the ultrasonic contrast image, obtains contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image
Flow direction；
Unit is identified, each flow direction of contrast agent is identified.
Optionally, the resolution unit, including：
Subelement is gathered, for gathering the region-of-interest in ultrasonic signal at different moments；
Subelement is handled, for carrying out auto-correlation and cross correlation process to the ultrasonic signal, obtains the region-of-interest
The flowing velocity of upper contrast agent；
First determination subelement, for the attribute of the flowing velocity according to the contrast agent, determines the flowing side of contrast agent
To.
Optionally, the mark unit, including：
Second determination subelement, the color of the mark for determining each flow direction respectively；
Subelement is identified, for being directed to any one flow direction, using the color of the corresponding mark in the flow direction
Contrast agent in this direction is identified.
Optionally, further include：
Determination unit, for determining the voltage and scan frequency of Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, under the voltage and scan frequency,
The microvesicle of the contrast agent does not rupture.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the equipment that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent identifies, including：
Memory and processor；
Wherein, the memory is connected with the processor, for what is produced in storage program, and program operation process
Data；
The processor, for performing the program stored in the memory, when the processor runs described program
Realize the method that the flow direction described above to contrast agent identifies.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method that flow direction to contrast agent identifies, when carrying out contrast examination,
Under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest is obtained；The ultrasonic contrast image is parsed, is obtained
Take the flow direction of contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image；Each flow direction of contrast agent is identified.It follows that
Contrast agent on different flow directions is identified in different ways, improves the accuracy of ultrasonic contrast imaging,
By the mark of the flow direction of contrast agent, be conducive to doctor and carry out ultrasonic contrast diagnosis.
Also, if ultrasonic contrast image includes fallopian tubal, due to the direction of contrast agent flowed out from different fallopian tubals
Difference, then can clearly find out that contrast agent is flowed out from which oviductus lateralis from ultrasonic contrast image, be doctor to the state of an illness
Diagnosis provide convenience.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
The embodiment of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 shows that the flow for the method that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention identifies is illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation for the device that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention identifies
Figure；
Fig. 3 shows the structural representation for the equipment that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention identifies
Figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without making creative work
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
With reference to figure 1, the stream for the method that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention identifies is shown
Journey schematic diagram, in the present embodiment, this method includes：
S101：Under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest is obtained；
In the present embodiment, when needing to perform Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography instruction input by user is received, is touched
Send out Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.
Before Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is performed, the preliminary examination process for starting ultrasonic examination and ultrasonic contrast is further included, specifically
, including：
1) under Ultrasonic Diagnosis pattern, scanning region to be detected；
2) under contrast examination pattern, region-of-interest is extracted in the region to be detected and locks the region-of-interest；
Wherein, when checking some histoorgans, the pass for needing to be checked can not many times be directly found
Note region, it is therefore desirable to scanning is carried out to the region to be detected comprising region-of-interest, so as to find needs in region to be detected
The region-of-interest checked.In the present embodiment, after ultrasonic examination is opened, that is, Ultrasonic Diagnosis pattern is entered, in the mould
Under formula, user can carry out scanning to the relevant range that needs diagnose.
Illustrate：If carry out gynecologial examination, especially fallopian tubal check when, can to the regions such as pelvic cavity, annex into
Row scanning.
In the present embodiment, after opening ultrasonic examination, if needing to carry out contrast examination, it is also necessary into preactivate radiography
Function, wherein, after being filled with contrast agent to histoorgan to be checked, trigger preactivate radiography function, under the function, scanning
Region to be detected, extracts region-of-interest, and locks the region of concern.Such as：, can be with scanning simultaneously if checking fallopian tubal
Lock the region such as pelvic cavity and annex.
In the present embodiment, when carrying out Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, while injecting contrast agent to those who are investigated, triggering radiography inspection
Look into, user or doctor can pass through the development of Imaging Study contrast agent.
S102：The ultrasonic contrast image is parsed, obtains the flowing side of contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image
To；
Wherein it is possible to be parsed using a variety of methods to ultrasonic contrast image, do not limited in this example.
Wherein, such as can be using the method for autocorrelation estimation, specifically, S102 includes：
The region-of-interest is gathered in ultrasonic signal at different moments；
Auto-correlation and cross correlation process are carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtain the flowing speed of contrast agent on the region-of-interest
Degree；
According to the attribute of the flowing velocity of the contrast agent, the flow direction of contrast agent is determined.
In the present embodiment, it is orthogonal to obtain IQ two-way under contrast examination pattern, after the ultrasonic signal collected is mixed
Analytic signal, it is assumed that the quadrature analytical signal is f (n)；The ultrasonic contrast graphical representation obtained under scanning coordinate system is fi,j
(n)；Wherein, scanning coordinate system includes：I, j, Ensemble direction, i, j are the wire size on line direction, the period on point direction,
Ensemble is the number that scanning is repeated on a scanning line, in the present embodiment, it can be understood as, collection region-of-interest is not
Ultrasonic signal in the same time；Wherein resolving such as formula 1) shown in：
Wherein " * " is convolution operator, (x)*To take x to be conjugated.F (n) represents the value in the ultrasonic signal at n moment, f (n+ τ)
What is represented is the value of n+ τ moment ultrasonic contrast images.
In the present embodiment, the speed of ultrasonic signal is calculated, that is, calculates the speed of contrast agent, can only calculate R (0) and R
(1), such as formula 2) and formula 3) shown in：
Wherein, what R (0) was represented is that the ultrasonic signal at current time and the ultrasonic signal at current time carry out auto-correlation fortune
Calculate, R (1) represents that the ultrasonic signal at current time and the ultrasonic signal of previous moment carry out computing cross-correlation；
Wherein, V=∠ R (1) represent the speed of contrast agent.
In the present embodiment, in order to enable the speed of contrast agent is more accurate, wall filtering can also be included, color suppression is dodged, is flat
Sliding, threshold process and etc..
Wherein, when carrying out the step of threshold process, threshold value can be
In the present embodiment, the direction of contrast agent includes：Positive and negative direction, therefore, can be determined by the positive and negative values of speed
Go out the flow direction of contrast agent.
S103：Each flow direction of contrast agent is identified；
In the present embodiment, various ways can be used to determining that the contrast agent of flow direction is identified, such as can be with
Contrast agent is identified using default color, or contrast agent is identified using the method for fluorescent marker.
Wherein, if the flow direction for the contrast agent determined is including multiple, different colors can be used to contrast agent
Code identification is carried out, specifically, S103 includes：
The color of the mark of each flow direction is determined respectively；
Any one flow direction is directed to, using the color of the corresponding mark in the flow direction to radiography in this direction
Agent is identified.
Illustrate：If checking fallopian tubal, ultrasonic contrast image includes being from the outflow of two oviductus lateralis
Contrast agent, that is to say, that the flow direction of the contrast agent detected is two, can use different colors at this time to the two
The contrast agent of flow direction is identified.
In the present embodiment, when carrying out ultrasonic examination, ultrasonic contrast image can also be exported, in the present embodiment, if thinking
Ultrasonic contrast image is obtained, it is necessary to ensure that the microvesicle of contrast agent does not rupture, and ensure that the condition that contrast agent microbubble does not rupture includes,
Specific voltage and scan frequency.Wherein, default voltage is a relatively low magnitude of voltage, which ensures in default electricity
In the range of pressure, default scan frequency is also a relatively low scan frequency, which ensures in default scope
It is interior, specifically, further including：
Determine the voltage and scan frequency of Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, under the voltage and scan frequency, the contrast agent
Microvesicle does not rupture.
Wherein, default voltage and default scan frequency can be that technical staff calculates according to relevant algorithm
, or can be that technical staff rule of thumb obtains.
In the present embodiment, behind the flow direction to identifying contrast agent, user can not only check in ultrasonic contrast image,
And it can also be shown in the ultrasonic contrast image of output.
In the present embodiment,
When carrying out contrast examination, under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest is obtained；To institute
State ultrasonic contrast image to be parsed, obtain the flow direction of contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image；To each of contrast agent
Flow direction is identified.It follows that the contrast agent on different flow directions is identified in different ways, carry
The high accuracy of ultrasonic contrast imaging, by the mark of the flow direction of contrast agent, is conducive to doctor and carries out ultrasonic contrast to examine
It is disconnected.
Also, if ultrasonic contrast image includes fallopian tubal, due to the direction of contrast agent flowed out from different fallopian tubals
Difference, then can clearly find out that contrast agent is flowed out from which oviductus lateralis from ultrasonic contrast image, be doctor to the state of an illness
Diagnosis provide convenience.
With reference to figure 2, the knot for the device that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention identifies is shown
Structure schematic diagram, in the present embodiment, the device include：
Acquiring unit 201, under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, obtaining the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest；
Resolution unit 202, for being parsed to the ultrasonic contrast image, obtains radiography in the ultrasonic contrast image
The flow direction of agent；
Unit 203 is identified, each flow direction of contrast agent is identified.
Optionally, the resolution unit, including：
Subelement is gathered, for gathering the region-of-interest in ultrasonic signal at different moments；
Subelement is handled, for carrying out auto-correlation and cross correlation process to the ultrasonic signal, obtains the region-of-interest
The flowing velocity of upper contrast agent；
First determination subelement, for the attribute of the flowing velocity according to the contrast agent, determines the flowing side of contrast agent
To.
Optionally, the mark unit, including：
Second determination subelement, the color of the mark for determining each flow direction respectively；
Subelement is identified, for being directed to any one flow direction, using the color of the corresponding mark in the flow direction
Contrast agent in this direction is identified.
Optionally, further include：
Determination unit, for determining the voltage and scan frequency of Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, under the voltage and scan frequency,
The microvesicle of the contrast agent does not rupture.
Optionally, further include：
Output unit, for exporting the ultrasonic contrast image of the region-of-interest.
Device through this embodiment, the contrast agent on different flow directions are identified in different ways,
The accuracy of ultrasonic contrast imaging is improved, by the mark of the flow direction of contrast agent, is conducive to doctor and carries out ultrasonic contrast
Diagnosis.
Also, if ultrasonic contrast image includes fallopian tubal, due to the direction of contrast agent flowed out from different fallopian tubals
Difference, then can clearly find out that contrast agent is flowed out from which oviductus lateralis from ultrasonic contrast image, be doctor to the state of an illness
Diagnosis provide convenience.
With reference to figure 3, the knot for the equipment that a kind of flow direction to contrast agent provided in an embodiment of the present invention identifies is shown
Structure schematic diagram, in the present embodiment, the equipment include：
Memory 301 and processor 302；
Wherein, the memory is connected with the processor, for what is produced in storage program, and program operation process
Data；
The processor, for by running the program stored in the memory, realizing following functions：
Under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest is obtained；
The ultrasonic contrast image is parsed, obtains the flow direction of contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image；
Each flow direction of contrast agent is identified.
Optionally, it is described that the ultrasonic contrast image is parsed, it is specifically used for：
The region-of-interest is gathered in ultrasonic signal at different moments；
Auto-correlation and cross correlation process are carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtain the flowing speed of contrast agent on the region-of-interest
Degree；
According to the attribute of the flowing velocity of the contrast agent, the flow direction of contrast agent is determined.
Optionally, each flow direction to contrast agent is identified, and is specifically used for：
The color of the mark of each flow direction is determined respectively；
Any one flow direction is directed to, using the color of the corresponding mark in the flow direction to radiography in this direction
Agent is identified.
Optionally, it is additionally operable to：
Determine the voltage and scan frequency of Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, under the voltage and scan frequency, the contrast agent
Microvesicle does not rupture.
Optionally, after each flow direction to contrast agent is identified, it is additionally operable to：
Export the ultrasonic contrast image of the region-of-interest.
Equipment through this embodiment, the contrast agent on different flow directions are identified in different ways,
The accuracy of ultrasonic contrast imaging is improved, by the mark of the flow direction of contrast agent, is conducive to doctor and carries out ultrasonic contrast
Diagnosis.
Also, if ultrasonic contrast image includes fallopian tubal, due to the direction of contrast agent flowed out from different fallopian tubals
Difference, then can clearly find out that contrast agent is flowed out from which oviductus lateralis from ultrasonic contrast image, be doctor to the state of an illness
Diagnosis provide convenience.
It should be noted that each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of progressive, each embodiment weight
Point explanation is all difference with other embodiment, between each embodiment identical similar part mutually referring to.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, enables professional and technical personnel in the field to realize or use the present invention.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
The embodiments shown herein is not intended to be limited to, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The most wide scope caused.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that flow direction to contrast agent identifies, it is characterised in that including：
Under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest is obtained；
The ultrasonic contrast image is parsed, obtains the flow direction of contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image；
Each flow direction of contrast agent is identified.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described parse the ultrasonic contrast image, including：
The region-of-interest is gathered in ultrasonic signal at different moments；
Auto-correlation and cross correlation process are carried out to the ultrasonic signal, obtain the flowing velocity of contrast agent on the region-of-interest；
According to the attribute of the flowing velocity of the contrast agent, the flow direction of contrast agent is determined.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, each flow direction to contrast agent is identified,
Including：
The color of the mark of each flow direction is determined respectively；
Be directed to any one flow direction, using the corresponding mark in the flow direction color to contrast agent in this direction into
Line identifier.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, further include：
Determine the voltage and scan frequency of Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, under the voltage and scan frequency, the microvesicle of the contrast agent
Do not rupture.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, each flow direction to contrast agent is identified
Afterwards, further include：
Export the ultrasonic contrast image of the region-of-interest.
A kind of 6. device that flow direction to contrast agent identifies, it is characterised in that including：
Acquiring unit, under Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography state, obtaining the ultrasonic contrast image of region-of-interest；
Resolution unit, for being parsed to the ultrasonic contrast image, obtains the stream of contrast agent in the ultrasonic contrast image
Dynamic direction；
Unit is identified, each flow direction of contrast agent is identified.
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the resolution unit, including：
Subelement is gathered, for gathering the region-of-interest in ultrasonic signal at different moments；
Subelement is handled, for carrying out auto-correlation and cross correlation process to the ultrasonic signal, obtains making on the region-of-interest
The flowing velocity of shadow agent；
First determination subelement, for the attribute of the flowing velocity according to the contrast agent, determines the flow direction of contrast agent.
8. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the mark unit, including：
Second determination subelement, the color of the mark for determining each flow direction respectively；
Subelement is identified, for being directed to any one flow direction, using the color of the corresponding mark in the flow direction to this
Contrast agent on direction is identified.
9. device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that further include：
Determination unit, it is described under the voltage and scan frequency for determining the voltage and scan frequency of Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
The microvesicle of contrast agent does not rupture.
A kind of 10. equipment that flow direction to contrast agent identifies, it is characterised in that including：
Memory and processor；
Wherein, the memory is connected with the processor, for the number produced in storage program, and program operation process
According to；
The processor, for performing the program stored in the memory, is realized when the processor runs described program
Method any one of claim 1-5.
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|---|---|
| CN107970041B (en) | 2021-05-14 |
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