CN107945892B - Integrated gaseous oxygen control device and lead-based fast neutron reactor - Google Patents
Integrated gaseous oxygen control device and lead-based fast neutron reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107945892B CN107945892B CN201710911530.5A CN201710911530A CN107945892B CN 107945892 B CN107945892 B CN 107945892B CN 201710911530 A CN201710911530 A CN 201710911530A CN 107945892 B CN107945892 B CN 107945892B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/16—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants comprising means for separating liquid and steam
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/28—Selection of specific coolants ; Additions to the reactor coolants, e.g. against moderator corrosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated gaseous oxygen control device, which is suitable for a lead-based fast neutron reactor and comprises the following components: a gas injector (11), a columnar lifting pipe (12) and a gas-liquid separation chamber (13), wherein a liquid outlet (131) is formed between the bottom of the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) and the outer wall of the columnar lifting pipe (12), at least one gas outlet (14) is arranged above the gas-liquid separation chamber (13), and one end of the gas injector (11) penetrates through the top of the gas-liquid separation chamber (13); at least a part of the lower ends of the columnar riser (12) and the gas injector (11) are positioned below the liquid level of the cooling liquid; the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) is located above the liquid surface of the cooling liquid. The invention also discloses a corresponding lead-based fast neutron reactor. By implementing the invention, the engineering feasibility and the safety of the gaseous oxygen control technology can be effectively improved, and the complexity and the operation and maintenance cost of the system are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced nuclear energy systems, and particularly relates to an integrated gaseous oxygen control device and a lead-based fast neutron reactor.
Background
The liquid lead-based alloy (lead and lead bismuth alloy) has excellent heat conduction property and neutron chemical property, and is an important candidate coolant for a fourth-generation nuclear power lead-based fast neutron reactor (lead-based fast reactor) and a future advanced nuclear energy system ADS. However, the lead-base alloy has strong corrosiveness to structural materials in a medium-high temperature environment, so that the safety and the economy of the lead-base fast neutron reactor are greatly reduced.
It is currently widely accepted that the most effective means of inhibiting the corrosive effects of lead-based alloys is to control the oxygen concentration level in liquid lead-based alloys. The principle is as follows: the oxygen concentration in the lead-bismuth alloy is kept within a certain range, so that a layer of compact oxide film is formed on the surface of the structural material, and the lead-bismuth alloy is prevented from further penetrating into the steel, thereby playing a role in corrosion prevention.
The existing lead-base alloy oxygen control method mainly comprises two kinds of gaseous oxygen control and solid oxygen control. Gaseous oxygen control is a method for controlling the concentration of dissolved oxygen in lead bismuth by using the physicochemical reaction of the injected reaction gas. The oxygen control is realized by adopting Ar/H 2/O2 ternary gas initially, wherein Ar gas is used as carrier gas to dilute the content of hydrogen (H 2) or oxygen (O 2) so as to reduce the risk of explosion of H 2 gas.
Currently, the mainstream gaseous oxygen control technology in the world can be divided into off-stack gaseous oxygen control technology and in-stack gaseous oxygen control technology.
The off-stack gaseous oxygen control technology is to pump out the liquid lead-based coolant in the reactor outside the reactor, adjust the oxygen concentration through an off-stack gaseous oxygen control box, fill the liquid lead-based coolant meeting the oxygen concentration control requirement back into the reactor, and control the oxygen concentration outside the reactor. The out-of-pile gaseous oxygen control technology can meet the requirement of large-scale coolant oxygen concentration adjustment of a reactor, but the out-of-pile gaseous oxygen control technology needs to pump out the coolant with radioactivity in the reactor for treatment, and once a coolant pipeline breaks, radioactive substances are leaked, so that the hidden safety hazard is high, and the safety is low. Moreover, the off-stack gaseous oxygen control technology needs a set of huge and complex lead-bismuth process system to be continuous, the technology is too complex, and the engineering feasibility is low.
The in-stack gaseous oxygen control technique refers to the direct injection of control gas into the in-stack coolant, and currently in-stack gaseous oxygen control includes two modes. One is to charge a control gas into the in-stack blanket gas to effect oxygen concentration control by contact of the stationary surface of the liquid lead-based alloy with the blanket gas. The method has the defects of low regulation speed, low oxygen supply efficiency and the like, is difficult to meet the requirements of engineering application of the lead-based fast neutron reactor, and is only used in a lead-based alloy experimental loop at present. And the other is to inject control gas into the liquid lead-base alloy, and the bubbles are used for contacting the liquid lead-base alloy to realize the oxygen concentration control of the liquid lead-base alloy. However, this method requires the injection of a large amount of gas into the reactor, which can affect the normal operation of the reactor, and once the lead-based coolant entrains bubbles into the core, serious reactor accidents can occur. Thus, the method is currently only applied to the coolant stagnation area at the periphery of the core for small-scale oxygen concentration regulation use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing an integrated gaseous oxygen control device and a lead-based fast neutron reactor, which can overcome the defects of the existing gaseous oxygen control technology, improve the gaseous oxygen control efficiency by utilizing the principle of ultra-fine bubbles, realize the integrated design of the gaseous oxygen control device by a special gas-liquid separation structure, thereby effectively improving the engineering feasibility and safety of the gaseous oxygen control technology and reducing the complexity and the operation and maintenance cost of the system.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated gaseous oxygen control device, which is applicable to a lead-based fast neutron reactor, including:
a gas injector for injecting a control gas into the cooling liquid of the lead-based fast neutron reactor and generating ultra-fine bubbles;
The columnar lifting pipe is of an annular columnar shell structure with upper and lower openings, the lower end of the gas injector is accommodated in the columnar lifting pipe, an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the columnar lifting pipe and the outer side of the gas injector, and a channel is provided for controlling the flow of a gas-liquid mixed fluid formed by gas and cooling liquid;
the gas-liquid separation chamber is positioned above the columnar lifting pipe and is fixed with the columnar lifting pipe, the inside of the gas-liquid separation chamber is communicated with the top end of the columnar lifting pipe, and a liquid outlet is arranged between the bottom of the gas-liquid separation chamber and the outer wall of the columnar lifting pipe and is used for the cooling liquid separated in the gas-flow separation chamber to flow downwards;
at least one gas outlet is arranged above the gas-liquid separation chamber for discharging the control gas separated in the gas-flow separation chamber;
Wherein one end of the gas injector penetrates through the top of the gas flow separation chamber; at least a portion of the lower ends of the columnar riser and the gas injector are positioned below the liquid level of the cooling liquid; the gas-liquid separation chamber is located above the liquid level of the cooling liquid.
The gas injector comprises a communication pipe and a plurality of nozzle blades communicated with the communication pipe, wherein the nozzle blades are distributed on the periphery of the communication pipe from top to bottom in an array mode, micro holes are formed in the end part of each nozzle blade, and the aperture of each micro hole is 1-50 mu m and is used for generating ultra-fine bubbles containing control gas.
The cooling liquid is a liquid lead-based alloy, and the gas-liquid mixed fluid is a mixed fluid of the ultrafine bubbles and the liquid lead-based alloy.
The control gas is a mixture of three gases, namely oxidizing gas, reducing gas and carrier gas, wherein the carrier gas is argon, the oxidizing gas is air or oxygen, and the reducing gas is hydrogen.
The end part of the gas injector is connected with a gas supply system, and the gas supply system is used for mixing and injecting three gases of oxidizing gas, reducing gas and carrier gas into the communication pipe of the gas injector in proportion.
Correspondingly, another aspect of the embodiment of the invention also provides a lead-based fast neutron reactor, which at least comprises a main reactor, wherein the reactor is stored with cooling liquid, and the lead-based fast neutron reactor is characterized in that an integrated gaseous oxygen control device is arranged in the main reactor.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
Firstly, in the embodiment of the invention, the principle of ultra-fine bubbles is adopted, so that the contact area of bubbles and cooling liquid (namely liquid lead-based alloy) is increased, and the efficiency of oxygen concentration control reaction is effectively improved;
Secondly, in the embodiment of the invention, a columnar lifting pipe is adopted to provide a flow channel for the gas-liquid mixed fluid, so that the contact time of bubbles and the liquid lead-base alloy is prolonged, and the efficiency of oxygen concentration control reaction is effectively improved;
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the driving force generated by the density difference of the fluid inside and outside the columnar lifting pipe is utilized to drive the gas-liquid mixed fluid to flow upwards, and the gas-liquid separation is generated at the free liquid level in the gas-liquid separation chamber, so that the influence of bubbles on the safe operation of the reactor is solved, and the engineering feasibility and the safety of the gaseous oxygen control technology are effectively improved;
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the integrated design of the gaseous oxygen control device is realized, the whole oxygen control process can be realized in the reactor, the radioactive liquid lead-base alloy is not required to be pumped out of the reactor, and the complexity of the gaseous oxygen control technology and the operation and maintenance cost are effectively reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an integrated gaseous oxygen control device provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated gaseous oxygen control device arranged in a lead-based fast neutron reactor provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an integrated gaseous oxygen control device provided by the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the integrated gaseous oxygen control device 1, which is suitable for lead-based fast neutron reactors, comprises:
A gas injector 11 for injecting a control gas into the coolant of the lead-based fast neutron reactor and generating ultra-fine bubbles; specifically, the gas injector 11 includes a communication pipe 110 and a plurality of nozzle vanes 111 communicating with the communication pipe 110, the plurality of nozzle vanes 111 are distributed in an array from top to bottom on the periphery of the communication pipe 110, and micro holes are provided at the end of each nozzle vane 111, and in one embodiment, the diameter of each micro hole is between 1 μm and 50 μm, so as to generate ultra-fine bubbles containing control gas;
The columnar lifting pipe 12 is an annular columnar shell structure with upper and lower openings, the lower end of the gas injector 11 is accommodated in the columnar lifting pipe 12, an annular chamber (a region A in the figure) is formed between the inner wall of the columnar lifting pipe 12 and the outer side of the gas injector 11, and a flow channel is provided for controlling gas-liquid mixed fluid formed by gas and cooling liquid;
The gas-liquid separation chamber 13 is positioned above the columnar lifting pipe 12 and is fixed with the columnar lifting pipe 12, the inside of the gas-liquid separation chamber 13 is communicated with the top end of the columnar lifting pipe 12, and a liquid outlet 131 is arranged between the bottom of the gas-liquid separation chamber 13 and the outer wall of the columnar lifting pipe 12 and is used for downwards flowing out the cooling liquid separated in the gas-liquid separation chamber 13; at least one gas discharge port 14 for discharging the control gas separated in the gas-liquid separation chamber 13 is provided above the gas-liquid separation chamber 13;
Wherein one end of the gas injector 11 penetrates the top of the gas-liquid separation chamber 13; at least a part of the lower ends of the columnar riser pipe 12 and the gas injector 11 is positioned below the liquid surface of the cooling liquid; the gas-liquid separation chamber 13 is located above the liquid surface of the cooling liquid.
The cooling liquid is a liquid lead-based alloy, and the gas-liquid mixed fluid is a mixed fluid of the ultrafine bubbles and the liquid lead-based alloy.
The control gas is a mixture of three gases, namely oxidizing gas, reducing gas and carrier gas, wherein the carrier gas is argon, the oxidizing gas is air or oxygen, and the reducing gas is hydrogen.
It will be appreciated that a gas supply system (not shown) is also connected to the end of the gas injector 11, and is configured to mix and inject three gases of oxidizing gas, reducing gas and carrier gas into the communication pipe 110 of the gas injector in proportion, and the ratio of the three gases may be controlled by the gas supply system, for example, in one embodiment, the ratio of the oxidizing gas, the reducing gas and the carrier gas may be 0.1:0.01:100: . Meanwhile, the mixing proportion of the three gases can be changed according to the oxygen control requirement of the liquid lead-based alloy, for example, when the oxygen content needs to be increased, the proportion of the oxidizing gas can be increased; when the oxygen content needs to be reduced, the ratio of the reducing gas can be increased.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a lead-based fast neutron reactor according to the present invention; it comprises at least a main reactor 2, in which reactor 2 a cooling liquid is stored, in which main reactor 2 an integrated gaseous oxygen control device 1 is arranged, in particular in one example the integrated gaseous oxygen control device 1 is inserted into the liquid lead-based alloy through above the main reactor 2 and keeps the top of the gas-liquid separation chamber 3 above the free level of the liquid lead-based alloy. It will be appreciated that the present invention may be arranged at all locations within the main vessel of the main reactor 2, including hot and cold tanks, as desired.
It will be appreciated that the structure and function of the integrated gaseous oxygen control apparatus 1 may refer to the foregoing description of fig. 1, and will not be described herein. Also, it will be appreciated that other structures of the lead-based fast neutron reactor are not shown in fig. 2, as would be understood by one skilled in the art in conjunction with the prior art.
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the working process of the present invention will be briefly described as follows:
the control gas is injected into the gas injector through an external gas supply system and ultra-fine bubbles are generated through the nozzle vanes. After the ultra-fine bubbles are injected into the liquid lead-based alloy, the ultra-fine bubbles are fully contacted with the liquid lead-based alloy, and exchange of oxygen ions is carried out, so that the function of adjusting the oxygen concentration is realized. The gas-liquid mixed fluid is a mixture of the liquid lead-base alloy and the ultra-fine bubbles, and has a density smaller than that of the liquid lead-base alloy, so that a certain natural circulation driving force is formed between the gas-liquid mixed fluid and the liquid lead-base alloy outside the columnar lifting tube, and the gas-liquid mixed fluid inside the columnar lifting tube is driven to flow upwards (see the arrow with oblique lines in fig. 1). After the gas-liquid mixed fluid flows out of the columnar riser, a free liquid level is formed in the gas-liquid separation chamber, ultrafine micro bubbles and liquid lead-base alloy are separated under the action of huge density difference, the ultrafine micro bubbles float upwards and gather in an upper gas space, and the liquid lead-base alloy flows out of a liquid outlet (see black arrow in fig. 1) under the action of natural circulation driving force and enters a reactor coolant system.
The implementation of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
Firstly, in the embodiment of the invention, the principle of ultra-fine bubbles is adopted, so that the contact area of bubbles and cooling liquid (namely liquid lead-based alloy) is increased, and the efficiency of oxygen concentration control reaction is effectively improved;
Secondly, in the embodiment of the invention, a columnar lifting pipe is adopted to provide a flow channel for the gas-liquid mixed fluid, so that the contact time of bubbles and the liquid lead-base alloy is prolonged, and the efficiency of oxygen concentration control reaction is effectively improved;
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the driving force generated by the density difference of the fluid inside and outside the columnar lifting pipe is utilized to drive the gas-liquid mixed fluid to flow upwards, and the gas-liquid separation is generated at the free liquid level in the gas-liquid separation chamber, so that the influence of bubbles on the safe operation of the reactor is solved, and the engineering feasibility and the safety of the gaseous oxygen control technology are effectively improved;
In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the integrated design of the gaseous oxygen control device is realized, the whole oxygen control process can be realized in the reactor, the radioactive liquid lead-base alloy is not required to be pumped out of the reactor, and the complexity of the gaseous oxygen control technology and the operation and maintenance cost are effectively reduced.
The above disclosure is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is needless to say that the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and therefore, the equivalent changes according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An integrated gaseous oxygen control device suitable for use in a lead-based fast neutron reactor, comprising:
a gas injector (11) for injecting a control gas into the coolant of the lead-based fast neutron reactor and generating ultra-fine bubbles;
the columnar lifting pipe (12) is of an annular columnar shell structure with upper and lower openings, the lower end of the gas injector (11) is contained in the columnar lifting pipe (12), an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the columnar lifting pipe (12) and the outer side of the gas injector (11), and a flow channel is provided for controlling gas-liquid mixed fluid formed by gas and cooling liquid;
The gas-liquid separation chamber (13) is positioned above the columnar lifting pipe (12) and is fixed with the columnar lifting pipe (12), the inside of the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) is communicated with the top end of the columnar lifting pipe (12), and a liquid outlet (131) is formed between the bottom of the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) and the outer wall of the columnar lifting pipe (12) for the cooling liquid separated in the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) to flow downwards;
at least one gas outlet (14) is arranged above the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) and is used for discharging control gas separated in the gas-liquid separation chamber (13);
Wherein one end of the gas injector (11) penetrates through the top of the gas-liquid separation chamber (13); at least a part of the lower ends of the columnar riser (12) and the gas injector (11) are positioned below the liquid level of the cooling liquid; the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) is positioned above the liquid level of the cooling liquid;
the gas injector (11) comprises a communication pipe (110) and a plurality of nozzle blades (111) communicated with the communication pipe (110), wherein the plurality of nozzle blades (111) are distributed on the periphery of the communication pipe (110) from top to bottom in an array mode, micro holes are formed in the end portion of each nozzle blade (111), and the aperture of each micro hole is 1-50 mu m and is used for generating ultra-fine bubbles containing control gas.
2. An integrated gaseous oxygen control device according to claim 1 wherein the coolant is a liquid lead-based alloy and the gas-liquid mixed fluid is a mixed fluid of the ultra-fine bubbles and the liquid lead-based alloy.
3. An integrated gaseous oxygen control device according to claim 2 wherein the control gas is a mixture of three gases, an oxidizing gas, a reducing gas and a carrier gas, wherein the carrier gas is argon, the oxidizing gas is air or oxygen, and the reducing gas is hydrogen.
4. An integrated gaseous oxygen control device according to claim 3, characterized in that the end of the gas injector (11) is connected to a gas supply system for mixing and injecting the three gases, oxidizing gas, reducing gas and carrier gas, in proportions into the communication pipe (110) of the gas injector.
5. Lead-based fast neutron reactor comprising at least a main reactor (2), wherein a cooling liquid is stored in the main reactor (2), characterized in that an integrated gaseous oxygen control device (1) is arranged in the main reactor (2), the integrated gaseous oxygen control device (1) further comprising:
A gas injector (11) for injecting a control gas into the cooling liquid and generating ultra-fine bubbles;
the columnar lifting pipe (12) is of an annular columnar shell structure with upper and lower openings, the lower end of the gas injector (11) is contained in the columnar lifting pipe (12), an annular cavity is formed between the inner wall of the columnar lifting pipe (12) and the outer side of the gas injector (11), and a flow channel is provided for controlling gas-liquid mixed fluid formed by gas and cooling liquid;
The gas-liquid separation chamber (13) is positioned above the columnar lifting pipe (12) and is fixed with the columnar lifting pipe (12), the inside of the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) is communicated with the top end of the columnar lifting pipe (12), and a liquid outlet (131) is formed between the bottom of the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) and the outer wall of the columnar lifting pipe (12) for the cooling liquid separated in the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) to flow downwards;
at least one gas outlet (14) is arranged above the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) and is used for discharging control gas separated in the gas-liquid separation chamber (13);
Wherein one end of the gas injector (11) penetrates through the top of the gas-liquid separation chamber (13); at least a part of the lower ends of the columnar riser (12) and the gas injector (11) are positioned below the liquid level of the cooling liquid; the gas-liquid separation chamber (13) is positioned above the liquid level of the cooling liquid;
the gas injector (11) comprises a communication pipe (110) and a plurality of nozzle blades (111) communicated with the communication pipe (110), wherein the plurality of nozzle blades (111) are distributed on the periphery of the communication pipe (110) from top to bottom in an array mode, micro holes are formed in the end portion of each nozzle blade (111), and the aperture of each micro hole is 1-50 mu m and is used for generating ultra-fine bubbles containing control gas.
6. The lead-based fast neutron reactor according to claim 5, wherein the cooling liquid is a liquid lead-based alloy, and the gas-liquid mixed fluid is a mixed fluid of the ultra-fine bubbles and the liquid lead-based alloy.
7. The lead-based fast neutron reactor of claim 5, wherein the control gas is a mixture of three gases, namely an oxidizing gas, a reducing gas and a carrier gas, wherein the carrier gas is argon, the oxidizing gas is air or oxygen, and the reducing gas is hydrogen.
8. A lead-based fast neutron reactor as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the end of the gas injector (11) is connected to a gas supply system for mixing and injecting the three gases of oxidizing gas, reducing gas and carrier gas in proportion into the communication pipe (110) of the gas injector.
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| CN110767333B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2022-05-03 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Oxygen control device and method for lead-based coolant reactor and reactor system |
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| JP2007192433A (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-08-02 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Gas-liquid separator and refrigeration apparatus equipped with the gas-liquid separator |
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| CN206292636U (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-06-30 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | The apparatus and system of oxygen concentration in a kind of control liquid LBE/Pb cooling agents |
| CN106601314B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of lead base reactor coolant oxygen control system and oxygen prosecutor method |
| CN106847350B (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-12-12 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of liquid-metal cooled reactor integrated test set |
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