CN107944344A - Power supply enterprise's construction mobile security supervision platform - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力施工安全监督技术领域,具体用于对进入施工现场的人员进行人脸识别。The invention relates to the technical field of electric power construction safety supervision, and is specifically used for face recognition of personnel entering a construction site.
背景技术Background technique
近年来,在供电企业日益重视对外协队伍人员身份的管理,以避免外协队伍人员频繁更换所带来的安全风险,主要采用以下几种方式:In recent years, power supply enterprises have paid more and more attention to the management of the identity of the external cooperation team members, in order to avoid the security risks caused by the frequent replacement of the external cooperation team personnel, mainly adopt the following methods:
1、二维码:通过二维码和照片唯一标识外协队伍人员,在检查时,通过扫描二维码进行身份识别,存在效率低,容易伪造等问题。1. QR code: Use QR codes and photos to uniquely identify outsourcing team members. During inspections, scan QR codes for identification, which has problems such as low efficiency and easy forgery.
2、无源RFID技术:通过无源RFID卡来唯一标识外协队伍人员,在检查时,通过手持终端非接触扫描进行身份识别,效率较高,但可能存在人卡不一致的情况,且需要手持终端具有rfid读取功能。2. Passive RFID technology: Passive RFID cards are used to uniquely identify the personnel of the outsourcing team. During the inspection, the identification is carried out through non-contact scanning of the handheld terminal, which is more efficient, but there may be inconsistencies between the people and cards, and it needs to be held The terminal has rfid reading function.
3、有源RFID技术:通过有源RFID来唯一标示外协队伍人员,在检查时,可远距离、批量对身份进行识别,效率高,但有源rfid卡和扫描终端成本较高。3. Active RFID technology: Active RFID is used to uniquely mark the personnel of the outsourcing team. During the inspection, the identity can be identified remotely and in batches, which is efficient, but the cost of active RFID cards and scanning terminals is high.
4、指纹识别技术:基于指纹识别对外协队伍人员进行身份识别,效率高,但需手持终端单独配置指纹识别模块。4. Fingerprint identification technology: It is efficient to identify the personnel of the foreign cooperation team based on fingerprint identification, but the handheld terminal needs to be equipped with a fingerprint identification module separately.
当前,人脸识别产品已广泛应用于金融、司法、军队、公安、边检、政府、航天、电力、工厂、教育、医疗及众多企事业单位等领域。因此,将人脸识别技术推广应用到供电企业,对外协队伍人员身份的管理,具有现实意义。At present, face recognition products have been widely used in finance, justice, military, public security, border inspection, government, aerospace, electric power, factories, education, medical care and many enterprises and institutions. Therefore, it is of practical significance to promote the application of face recognition technology to power supply enterprises and manage the identity of foreign cooperation team members.
人脸识别系统通过识别算法,抽取输入静态或动态图像的人脸,从而确定人的身份,具有广泛的应用前景。典型的人脸自动识别系统(Face RecognitionSystem,FRS)一般由以下几个基本环节组成:预处理环节、人脸检测环节、特征提取环节以及分类识别环节:The face recognition system extracts the face of the input static or dynamic image through the recognition algorithm, so as to determine the identity of the person, and has a wide application prospect. A typical face recognition system (Face Recognition System, FRS) generally consists of the following basic links: preprocessing link, face detection link, feature extraction link and classification recognition link:
1、预处理输入人脸图像。其中预处理方法包括图像滤波、区域分割、灰度和尺度归一化、人脸对齐、直方图均衡化和局部二进制模式等。1. Preprocess the input face image. The preprocessing methods include image filtering, region segmentation, grayscale and scale normalization, face alignment, histogram equalization, and local binary patterns.
2、对预处理化后图像检测是否包括人脸,如果检测到则将人脸从背景分离并确定其数量、位置和大小。根据提取检测特征的方式的不同,可将现有人脸检测方法大致分为三类:基于统计学习的人脸检测方法、基于知识的人脸检测方法和基于模版匹配的人脸检测方法,前者因其适应性和稳定性成为流行的人脸检测方法。2. Detect whether the preprocessed image includes a human face, if detected, separate the human face from the background and determine its number, position and size. According to the different ways of extracting detection features, existing face detection methods can be roughly divided into three categories: face detection methods based on statistical learning, face detection methods based on knowledge, and face detection methods based on template matching. Its adaptability and stability become a popular face detection method.
3、提取待识别人脸图像中表示人脸本质的特征,并要求所提取特征在表情、遮挡、视角和光照等条件下有较好的鲁棒性。人脸特征提取的常用方法主要包括基于几何空间的人脸特征提取方法、基于子空间的人脸特征提取方法、基于神经网络的人脸特征提取方法、基于弹性图匹配的人脸特征提取方法和基于隐性马尔科夫的人脸特征提取方法。3. Extract the features that represent the essence of the face in the face image to be recognized, and require the extracted features to have better robustness under conditions such as expression, occlusion, viewing angle, and illumination. The common methods of face feature extraction mainly include face feature extraction method based on geometric space, face feature extraction method based on subspace, face feature extraction method based on neural network, face feature extraction method based on elastic graph matching and Face feature extraction method based on hidden Markov.
4、将待识别人脸特征与数据库中已知人脸的特征相比较,匹配得出识别结果。常用的分类器有基于最近邻的分类器、基于支持向量机的分类器、基于神经网络的分类器等。4. Compare the features of the face to be recognized with the features of known faces in the database, and match them to obtain the recognition result. Commonly used classifiers are classifiers based on nearest neighbors, classifiers based on support vector machines, and classifiers based on neural networks.
当前人脸识别算法对拍摄环境、角度要求高,识别效率低,应用在现场作业施工管理上存在较大的技术困难。The current face recognition algorithm has high requirements on the shooting environment and angle, and the recognition efficiency is low. There are great technical difficulties in the application of on-site construction management.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,针对当前人脸识别算法对拍摄环境、角度要求高,识别效率低,提供一种供电企业施工移动安全监督平台,提高复杂环境下人脸识别的准确率和效率。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction mobile safety supervision platform for power supply enterprises to improve the accuracy and efficiency of face recognition in complex environments in view of the current face recognition algorithm that has high requirements on shooting environment and angle and low recognition efficiency .
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:供电企业施工移动安全监督平台,包括智能移动终端以及与智能移动终端通讯连接的云平台,所述云平台设有存储供电企业现场作业人员的人脸图像的人脸样本单元以及向智能终端发送人员准入信息的人员安全准入单元,所述智能移动终端设有人脸识别模块,所述人脸识别模块用于识别进入现场的人员是否与人员安全准入单元发送的准入人脸图像匹配,以判定是否允许该人员进入现场;其中,人脸识别模块进行人脸识别的方法包括如下步骤,In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: the construction mobile safety supervision platform of the power supply enterprise includes an intelligent mobile terminal and a cloud platform connected to the intelligent mobile terminal, and the cloud platform is provided with a personal computer for storing the on-site operators of the power supply enterprise. The face sample unit of the face image and the personnel security access unit that sends personnel access information to the intelligent terminal, the intelligent mobile terminal is provided with a face recognition module, and the face recognition module is used to identify whether the personnel entering the scene are compatible with personnel The access face image sent by the security access unit is matched to determine whether the person is allowed to enter the scene; wherein, the method for face recognition by the face recognition module includes the following steps,
步骤一,根据人脸训练样本,构造超完备字典 Step 1: Construct a super-complete dictionary based on face training samples
步骤二,将测试图像按序排成列向量x;Step 2, arrange the test images into a column vector x in sequence;
步骤三,根据超完备字典ψ设计测量矩阵Φ;Step 3, design the measurement matrix Φ according to the over-complete dictionary ψ;
步骤四,在Φ下将x投影得到测量向量y,并求得 Step 4, project x under Φ to obtain the measurement vector y, and obtain
步骤五,将求得的代入式Step five, the obtained Substitution
从而求得输入测试样本的判别结果。In this way, the discriminant result of the input test sample is obtained.
优选的,步骤一中,假设有K类不同的人脸,每幅训练人脸图像按序拉成N×1维的列向量ψ,并分别进行l2范数归一化处理,即ψ∈RN×1且||ψ||2=1,记为一个原子,从每类人脸训练样本中都选择L个不同训练样本按列形成该类人脸样本矩阵i=1,2,…,K,得到选择的训练样本总数n=KL,将这些矩阵按序合并成超完备字典:Preferably, in step 1, assuming that there are K different types of faces, each training face image is sequentially pulled into an N×1-dimensional column vector ψ, and the l2 norm normalization process is performed respectively, that is, ψ∈ R N×1 and ||ψ|| 2 = 1, recorded as an atom, select L different training samples from each type of face training samples to form the face sample matrix of this type i=1,2,...,K, get the total number of selected training samples n=KL, and merge these matrices into a super-complete dictionary in order:
优选的,对任意输入的测试人脸样本,将其按序拉成列向量x∈RN×1,则x在字典Ψ下表示为:Preferably, for any input test face sample, pull it into a column vector x∈R N×1 in order, then x is expressed under the dictionary Ψ as:
x=Ψα+z (4.2)x=Ψα+z (4.2)
其中α∈Rn×1为稀疏表示向量,z∈RN×1是表示误差。Among them, α∈R n×1 is a sparse representation vector, and z∈R N×1 is an error representation.
优选的,基于CS理论,将测试样本x进行压缩投影得到投影向量y∈RM×1(M<N),即Preferably, based on the CS theory, the test sample x is compressed and projected to obtain a projection vector y∈RM ×1 (M<N), namely
y=Φx=ΦΨα+Φz=Dα+e (4.3)y=Φx=ΦΨα+Φz=Dα+e (4.3)
其中Φ∈RM×N为设计好的具有一定性质的测量矩阵,D=ΦΨ∈RM×n表示等效字典,e=Φz∈RM×1为投影域误差,定义对任意i,αi∈RL×1,从而将式(4.3)重新表述为:where Φ∈RM ×N is a designed measurement matrix with certain properties, D=ΦΨ∈RM ×n represents an equivalent dictionary, e=Φz∈RM ×1 is the error in the projection domain, and the definition For any i, α i ∈ R L×1 , so formula (4.3) can be re-expressed as:
y=Φ(ψ1α1+ψ2α2+…+ψkαk)+e (4.4)。y=Φ(ψ 1 α 1 +ψ 2 α 2 + . . . +ψ k α k )+e (4.4).
优选的,对于某一个i,令Di=ΦΨi∈RM×L,式(4.5)代价函数转化为:Preferably, for a certain i, let D i =ΦΨ i ∈ R M×L , the cost function of formula (4.5) is transformed into:
设Di的奇异值分解如下式所示:Let the singular value decomposition of D i be as follows:
其中将式(4.8)代入(4.7),得到in Substituting (4.8) into (4.7), we get
令make
其中和的尺寸均为式(4.9)展开为:in and The size is Equation (4.9) expands to:
上式等号右边第二项与αi无关,因此当The second term on the right side of the above equation has nothing to do with α i , so when
时,式(4.10)取最小值,此时,式(4.5)的解为:, formula (4.10) takes the minimum value, and at this time, the solution of formula (4.5) is:
其中Vi、∑i和分别由测量矩阵、字典及输入测试样本投影值求得,为任意尺寸为的向量。where V i , ∑ i and are obtained from the measurement matrix, dictionary and input test sample projection values respectively, for any size of vectors.
优选的,将i从1遍历至K,求得所有后,通过式(4.6)即可求得测试样本类别 Preferably, traverse i from 1 to K to find all After that, the test sample category can be obtained by formula (4.6)
优选的,根据判别结果重构输入的测试样本从而重排列求得重构图像。Preferably, the input test sample is reconstructed according to the discriminant result Thereby rearranging to obtain the reconstructed image.
优选的,对于需要临时进入现场的人员,所述人员安全准入单元向智能移动终端发送临时准入许可,且设定一年内临时准入次数不应超过2次。Preferably, for personnel who need to temporarily enter the site, the personnel security access unit sends a temporary access permit to the smart mobile terminal, and sets the number of temporary access within a year to no more than 2 times.
优选的,对于需要取消准入资格的人员,所述人员安全准入单元向智能移动终端发送取消准入的信息。Preferably, for a person whose admission qualification needs to be canceled, the personnel security admission unit sends information about canceling admission to the smart mobile terminal.
本发明利用4G无线网络、智能移动终端、云计算、人脸识别等最新技术,进一步加强施工现场安全监督管控力度,规范施工作业,保障人身安全。The present invention utilizes the latest technologies such as 4G wireless network, intelligent mobile terminal, cloud computing, and face recognition to further strengthen the safety supervision and control of construction sites, standardize construction operations, and ensure personal safety.
通过人脸识别技术实现对现场作业施工人员、管理人员的人脸识别,一方面通过测量矩阵投影,使传输和计算的数据减少,提高了计算效率,减少了存储消耗,另一方面,可提高复杂环境下人脸识别的准确率和效率。The face recognition of on-site construction personnel and management personnel is realized through face recognition technology. On the one hand, through the measurement matrix projection, the transmission and calculation data are reduced, the calculation efficiency is improved, and the storage consumption is reduced. On the other hand, it can improve The accuracy and efficiency of face recognition in complex environments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明解决当前人脸识别算法对拍摄环境、角度要求高,识别效率低的问题,提高复杂环境下人脸识别的准确率和效率,实现对现场作业施工人员、管理人员的人脸识别。从而,防止外协施工人员随意变更,防止存在严重违章历史记录的外协施工人员进行现场作业,职能核查施工人员到岗情况,杜绝“工作负责人、安全员”未到现场的情况发生。The invention solves the problems that the current face recognition algorithm has high requirements on the shooting environment and angle, and the recognition efficiency is low, improves the accuracy and efficiency of face recognition in complex environments, and realizes the face recognition of on-site construction workers and management personnel. Therefore, it prevents outsourced construction personnel from changing at will, prevents outsourced construction personnel with serious violation records from performing on-site operations, and checks the arrival of construction personnel on a functional basis, so as to prevent the occurrence of "work leaders and safety personnel" not arriving on site.
供电企业施工移动安全监督平台,包括智能移动终端以及与智能移动终端通讯连接的云平台,所述云平台设有存储供电企业现场作业人员的人脸图像的人脸样本单元以及向智能终端发送人员准入信息的人员安全准入单元,所述智能移动终端设有人脸识别模块,所述人脸识别模块用于识别进入现场的人员是否与人员安全准入单元发送的准入人脸图像匹配,以判定是否允许该人员进入现场。The construction mobile safety supervision platform of the power supply enterprise includes an intelligent mobile terminal and a cloud platform communicating with the intelligent mobile terminal. The personnel security access unit of the access information, the intelligent mobile terminal is provided with a face recognition module, and the face recognition module is used to identify whether the personnel entering the scene match the admission face image sent by the personnel security access unit, To determine whether to allow the person to enter the scene.
其中,(3)人员安全准入:在所有从事电力生产相关专业工作的生产员工参加安全技能等级评价考试和外包单位关键岗位人员(工作票签发人、工作负责人)安全规程普考后,由项目组织单位将考试合格人员的信息录入系统,并进行人脸采集。Among them, (3) Personnel safety access: After all production employees engaged in electric power production-related professional work have participated in the safety skill level evaluation test and the general examination of safety regulations for personnel in key positions of outsourcing units (work ticket issuers and work leaders), the The project organization unit will enter the information of the qualified personnel into the system and collect the faces.
(4)临时人员准入:需要临时进入公司生产经营区域内施工作业的外包单位,由工程组织单位将外包单位企业信息、工程项目信息录入系统,工程组织单位或设备运维管理单位对其作业人员进行安规考试,考试合格后将关键岗位人员信息临时准入,录入系统,制作临时施工作业证IC卡,同一工作负责人一年内临时准入次数不应超过2次。(4) Temporary personnel access: For outsourcing units that need to temporarily enter the company's production and operation area for construction operations, the engineering organization unit will enter the outsourcing unit's enterprise information and engineering project information into the system, and the engineering organization unit or equipment operation and maintenance management unit will work on it After the personnel pass the safety examination, the personnel information of the key positions will be temporarily admitted into the system, and the temporary construction operation certificate IC card will be made. The number of temporary access for the same person in charge within a year should not exceed 2 times.
(5)人员准入动态调整:结合生产员工、外包单位工作负责人的现场安全情况、日常违章情况等,对其安全技能等级进行调整,甚至取消准入资格。(5) Dynamic adjustment of personnel access: adjust the safety skill level of production employees and the person in charge of the outsourcing unit based on their on-site safety conditions and daily violations, or even cancel their access qualifications.
对于需要临时进入现场的人员,所述人员安全准入单元向智能移动终端发送临时准入许可,且设定一年内临时准入次数不应超过2次。对于需要取消准入资格的人员,所述人员安全准入单元向智能移动终端发送取消准入的信息。For personnel who need to temporarily enter the site, the personnel security access unit sends a temporary access permit to the smart mobile terminal, and sets the number of temporary access within a year to no more than 2 times. For the personnel whose admission qualification needs to be canceled, the personnel security admission unit sends the information of canceling the admission to the smart mobile terminal.
基于压缩感知的人脸识别算法用已经标识好的人脸训练样本来组成超完备字典。假设有K类不同的人脸,每幅训练人脸图像按序拉成N×1维的列向量ψ,并分别进行l2范数归一化处理,即ψ∈RN×1且||ψ||2=1,记为一个原子。从每类人脸训练样本中都选择L个不同训练样本按列形成该类人脸样本矩阵i=1,2,…,K。可以得到选择的训练样本总数n=KL。将这些矩阵按序合并成超完备字典:The face recognition algorithm based on compressed sensing uses the marked face training samples to form an over-complete dictionary. Assuming that there are K different types of faces, each training face image is sequentially pulled into an N×1-dimensional column vector ψ, and the l 2 norm normalization process is performed respectively, that is, ψ∈R N×1 and || ψ|| 2 =1, recorded as an atom. From each type of face training samples, L different training samples are selected to form the face sample matrix of this type by column i=1,2,...,K. The total number of selected training samples n=KL can be obtained. Merge these matrices sequentially into an overcomplete dictionary:
对任意输入的测试人脸样本,将其按序拉成列向量x∈RN×1,则x在字典Ψ下可以表示为:For any input test face sample, pull it into a column vector x∈R N×1 in order, then x can be expressed as:
x=Ψα+z (4.2)x=Ψα+z (4.2)
其中α∈Rn×1为稀疏表示向量,z∈RN×1是表示误差。基于CS理论,将测试样本x进行压缩投影得到投影向量y∈RM×1(M<N),即Among them, α∈R n×1 is a sparse representation vector, and z∈R N×1 is an error representation. Based on the CS theory, the test sample x is compressed and projected to obtain the projection vector y∈RM ×1 (M<N), namely
y=Φx=ΦΨα+Φz=Dα+e (4.3)y=Φx=ΦΨα+Φz=Dα+e (4.3)
其中Φ∈RM×N为设计好的具有一定性质的测量矩阵,D=ΦΨ∈RM×n表示等效字典,e=Φz∈RM×1为投影域误差。定义对任意i,αi∈RL×1,从而将式(4.3)重新表述为:Among them, Φ∈RM ×N is a designed measurement matrix with certain properties, D=ΦΨ∈RM ×n represents an equivalent dictionary, and e=Φz∈RM ×1 is an error in the projection domain. definition For any i, α i ∈ R L×1 , so formula (4.3) can be re-expressed as:
y=Φ(ψ1α1+ψ2α2+…+ψkαk)+e (4.4)y=Φ(ψ 1 α 1 +ψ 2 α 2 +…+ψ k α k )+e (4.4)
依据CS理论,在理想情况下,非零项存在于稀疏表示向量α中某一αi中,而其他项均为零。因此,将求解α转化为:According to the CS theory, ideally, non-zero items exist in a certain α i in the sparse representation vector α, while other items are all zero. Therefore, solving for α is transformed into:
求得{αi}后,将其用于人脸识别分类,形成如下问题:After obtaining {α i }, it is used for face recognition classification to form the following problem:
求得的即输入测试样本x的判别结果。obtained That is, the discriminant result of the input test sample x.
在给定测量矩阵Φ的情况下,上述问题的难点在于如何精确地求解式(4.5)。对于某一个i,令Di=ΦΨi∈RM×L,式(4.5)代价函数转化为:In the case of a given measurement matrix Φ, the difficulty of the above problem lies in how to solve formula (4.5) accurately. For a certain i, let D i =ΦΨ i ∈ R M×L , the cost function of formula (4.5) is transformed into:
设Di的奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)如下所示:Let the singular value decomposition (Singular Value Decomposition, SVD) of D i be as follows:
其中将式(4.8)代入(4.7),得到in Substituting (4.8) into (4.7), we get
令make
其中和的尺寸均为式(4.9)可以展开为:in and The size is Formula (4.9) can be expanded as:
可以看出上式等号右边第二项与αi无关,因此当It can be seen that the second term on the right side of the above equation has nothing to do with α i , so when
时式(4.10)取最小值。此时,式(4.5)的解为:Time formula (4.10) takes the minimum value. At this time, the solution of formula (4.5) is:
其中Vi、∑i和分别由测量矩阵、字典及输入测试样本投影值求得,为任意尺寸为的向量。where V i , ∑ i and are obtained from the measurement matrix, dictionary and input test sample projection values respectively, for any size of vectors.
将i从1遍历至K,求得所有后,通过式(4.6)即可求得测试样本类别根据需求还可以根据判别结果重构输入的测试样本从而重排列求得重构图像。Traverse i from 1 to K to find all After that, the test sample category can be obtained by formula (4.6) According to requirements, the input test samples can also be reconstructed according to the discrimination results Thereby rearranging to obtain the reconstructed image.
总的说来,基于压缩感知的人脸识别算法,一方面通过测量矩阵投影,使传输和计算的数据减少,提高了计算效率,减少了存储消耗;另一方面,可提高人脸识别的准确率。In general, the face recognition algorithm based on compressed sensing, on the one hand, reduces the data transmitted and calculated by measuring the matrix projection, improves the calculation efficiency, and reduces the storage consumption; on the other hand, it can improve the accuracy of face recognition. Rate.
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