CN107941919A - Sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system - Google Patents
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- CN107941919A CN107941919A CN201711481681.8A CN201711481681A CN107941919A CN 107941919 A CN107941919 A CN 107941919A CN 201711481681 A CN201711481681 A CN 201711481681A CN 107941919 A CN107941919 A CN 107941919A
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system.The sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system includes：Acoustic emission sensor, it is connected by couplant with measurand；Preamplifier, it is connected with the acoustic emission sensor, for amplifying the acoustic emission signal of the acoustic emission sensor collection；Data collecting card, it is connected with the preamplifier；And industrial personal computer, it is used to set acquisition parameter；After starting gathered data, the data of collection are transported to the industrial personal computer, calls the Implement of Function Module of the industrial personal computer to handle, analyze and result exports.The sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system realizes accurate measurement using acoustic emission, realizes the early warning of earlier damage, and the extension to damage can monitor, and sample rate and conversion ratio are high, can realize high accuracy, high-sensitivity measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to safety of tower crane detection field, more particularly to a kind of sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system.
Background technology
Tower crane is a kind of common lifting equipment, is acted on for a long time by a variety of load in use, it carries welding structure
It is the position easily damaged, has much reports on safety of tower crane accident, therefore the security of tower crane in recent years
It is extremely important.Mainly based on shutting down regular inspection, supervise inspection, the scope of examination mainly includes for tower crane detection：The file inspection of overall process is installed
Look into, data verification, site inspection and personnel inspection etc..Conventional detection takes time and effort, and can not detect institute in operational process in time
The damage and extension of generation.Meanwhile even if after conventional detection qualification, still remain running damage accident risk.
At present except conventional detection means, tower crane can be detected in real time and realize early warning by technically pursuing, so that
Avoid that serious accident occurs.A kind of designing scheme of safety of tower crane detecting system introduced below, but in engineering in practice, still
Be so conventional means detection based on.
A kind of main composition of safety of tower crane detecting system of the detection of conventional means, power-supply system, air velocity transducer, shape
Become measurement module, Temperature Humidity Sensor, obliquity sensor, motor module and human-computer interaction module.After system starts, wind speed passes
Measured measured value is sent to master control by sensor, Temperature Humidity Sensor, obliquity sensor；Through master control and wind-force preset value, tower
(concerned countries standard provides body inclination angle preset value：2/1000) etc. pair wind-force is stopped when being more than 6 grades, and tower body inclining degree is less than
Than if measured value is less than preset value, system work；If the value is more than preset value, system alarm., can be continuous after system operation
The measured values such as measurement deformation, measured value sends alarm beyond preset value, so as to fulfill safety monitoring purpose.Human-computer interaction module
Realize real-time display, facilitate driver's directly monitoring operational process.
This technical solution can be realized to the macrostate in tower crane operational process, such as：Ambient wind velocity, deflection, inclination
The realizations such as amount monitoring, but this is the minimum safe guarantee of tower crane work.It is tight there are fracture of significant proportion etc. in tower crane accident
Weight accident, is caused by bearing structure and stress raisers etc., these accident prone positions more merit attention, because carrying
The reason for, accident occurs very quick and serious, the detection of conventional detection and above scheme cannot find implicit damage with
The extension of damage, and then can not achieve more effective early warning.
In existing safety of tower crane detection technique, conventional detection is with low content of technology, it is impossible to find implicit damage and early warning, can only
Do basic safety inspection, it is ensured that the installation of tower crane, operation, maintenance etc. meet security regulations；One kind safety inspection described above
Survey technology scheme, using physical parameters such as the deflections of FUSION WITH MULTISENSOR DETECTION tower crane, for this large lifting equipment of tower crane, is surveyed
Value is easily disturbed by many factors, and can only ensure minimum safety condition, and practical application has little significance.
The information for being disclosed in the background section is merely intended to understanding of the increase to the general background of the present invention, without answering
It has been the prior art well known to persons skilled in the art when being considered as recognizing or implying the information structure in any form.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple and reasonable sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system, the sound emission
Safety of tower crane detecting system realizes accurate measurement using acoustic emission, realizes the early warning of earlier damage, to the propagation energy of damage
Enough monitorings, sample rate and conversion ratio are high, can realize high accuracy, high-sensitivity measurement.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system, sound emission tower crane peace
Full inspection examining system includes：Acoustic emission sensor, it is connected by couplant with measurand；Preamplifier, itself and the sound
Emission sensor connects, for amplifying the acoustic emission signal of the acoustic emission sensor collection；Data collecting card, its with it is described before
Put amplifier connection；And industrial personal computer, it is used to set acquisition parameter；After starting gathered data, the data of collection are transported to
The industrial personal computer, calls the Implement of Function Module of the industrial personal computer to handle, analyze and result exports.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, the major parameter of acoustic emission sensor is：Temperature in use：- 20~50 DEG C；Connect
Mouthful：BNC sides；Frequency range：60kHz~400kHz；Resonant frequency：150kHz；Sensitivity peaks：＞ 115dB；Protection etc.
Level：IP66.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, preamplifier is built in the inside of the acoustic emission sensor.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, data collecting card includes：Data acquisition module and collection cabinet.
Preferably, in above-mentioned technical proposal, data acquisition module is NI 9223C series modules.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that：The sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system utilizes sound
Lift-off technology realizes accurate measurement, to optimization processings such as substantial amounts of data progress denoising, extraction features, realizes and handles and obtain in real time
Go out useful information, and on the basis of signal processing, realize the early warning of earlier damage, the extension to damage can monitor, sampling
Rate and conversion ratio are high, can realize high accuracy, high-sensitivity measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the industrial control computer structure schematic diagram of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the signal processing flow of the data processing and inversion module of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 4 is the data sample processing of the data processing and inversion module of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of the present invention
Flow chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, it is to be understood that the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope and from the limitation of embodiment.
Explicitly indicated that unless otherwise other, otherwise in entire disclosure and claims, term " comprising " or its change
Change such as "comprising" or " including " etc. and will be understood to comprise stated element or part, and do not exclude other members
Part or other parts.
As shown in Figure 1, the concrete structure bag of the sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system of embodiment according to the present invention
Include：Acoustic emission sensor 1, preamplifier 2, data collecting card 3 and industrial personal computer 4, wherein, the surface of measurand 5 is through processing
Afterwards, it is connected using couplant with acoustic emission sensor 1, through transmission cable connection preamplifier 2, data collecting card 3, industrial personal computer
4, acquisition parameter is set by industrial personal computer 4.After starting gathered data, the data of collection are transported to industrial personal computer 4, call industrial personal computer
4 Implement of Function Module processing, analysis and result output.
Specifically, acoustic emission sensor 1 uses Beijing good reputation SRI150 type sensors, is put before built-in 40dB, main ginseng
Number：Temperature in use：- 20~50 DEG C；Interface：BNC sides；Frequency range：60kHz~400kHz (sound hairs that metal material produces
It is more in 100~300kHz in ultrasonic range, the frequency of sound emission to penetrate most of)；Resonant frequency：150kHz；Sensitivity peaks：
＞ 115dB；Degree of protection：IP66.SRI150 type sensor parameters meet tower crane base material metal sound emission scope, acoustic emission signal
It is very faint.
Preamplifier 2 is connected with acoustic emission sensor 1, for amplifying the acoustic emission signal of the collection of acoustic emission sensor 1,
Preferably, preamplifier 2 is 40dB amplifiers, is built in selected SRI150 type sensor internals, its installation, wiring,
It is easy to carry, reduce noise link.Signal transmission scheme uses cable, economical and practical.
Data collecting card 3 is the core component of acoustic emission detection system, its performance determines the performance of whole system.Data
Capture card 3 includes：9223 C series modules of NI and the mono- groove USB collections cabinets of NI cDAQ-9171, realize the convenient of engineering site
Acquisition scheme.NI 9223C series modules have 4 differential paths, per passage 1MS/s synchronized sampling rates；± 10V measurement ranges,
16 bit resolutions, precision 0.00306V；- 40 to 70 DEG C of operating temperature ranges, 5g anti-vibrations, 50g shock resistances.While in order to
Realize portable scheme, data acquisition card module coordinates the mono- groove USB collections cabinets of NI cDAQ-9171CompactDAQ, realizes work
The convenient acquisition scheme at journey scene.The structure has small, portable, high sampling rate, 16 high accuracy, in performance parameter
Optimum Matching is realized, has taken into account speed and precision.Meanwhile data collecting card adds the combination of cabinet, can realize easily in the future
System upgrade dilatation, only need to change card slot cabinet more than one, this data collecting card is reusable, and can match somebody with somebody different performance parameter
Data collecting card or other signal processing modules.
As shown in Fig. 2, industrial personal computer 4 includes：Data acquisition memory module 6, data processing and inversion module 7 and the results show
And output module 8.Data acquisition memory module is the basic function of system, has selection store path, selection acquisition channel, sets
Put acquisition parameter etc.；Data processing and inversion module has the function of Parameter analysis, denoising, feature extraction etc.；The results show and defeated
Go out module to provide good operation and interaction.
Wherein, data acquisition memory module is as normal with continuous acquisition pattern and triggering collection pattern, continuous acquisition
Continuous sampling gathered data, triggering collection can solve the problems, such as that data volume is excessive to a certain degree, by rationally setting threshold value, energy
It is enough to start to write a signal to file in the case where producing trigger signal.Acquisition parameter is set to include：Channel selecting, input model
Enclose, sample frequency etc..File memory format have selected a kind of binary recording file TDMS (Technical Data that NI is promoted mainly
Management Streaming) form, the file of this form can facilitate by other function calls, be contained in file logical
The essential informations such as road, storage speed are fast.TDMS forms are that this problem is a kind of very good selection in terms of data storage.Profit
With the parallel processing capability of software, DAQ processes and TDMS storage process perform parallel, using single While circulation at the same time into
Row signal acquisition and the design of storage, can so reduce software delays, accelerate the storage speed of data, easily pipe simple in structure
Reason.
Data processing and inversion module is mainly used for carrying out RMS value, highest single-frequency, highest single-frequency amplitude, peak value to waveform
Number carries out parameter and carries out the waveform extracting of certain passage after analysis, and to the signal of storage, and carries out STFT time frequency analysis.
Support is provided for the analysis of later experiments data.Data processing and inversion module further includes：FFT spectrum analyzes mould
Block, signal interception module (can on a time period or offset interception), Wavelet Denoising Method and decomposed and reconstituted module, perfect whole system
Function.
As shown in figure 3, the signal processing of data processing and inversion module includes：
(1) signal denoising
The characteristics of acoustic emission signal, determines it easily by noise jamming, the faint useful acoustic emission signal quilt especially measured
Noise floods the validity that can influence detection.Detection identifies defect acoustic emission signal from much noise background, is sound emission
The difficult point of technical research, the object studied herein carry welding structure for tower crane, and the noise because detecting scene enriches and complexity is more
Become, if accidental factor causes the frequency spectrum of noise jamming signal and crack defect spectrum overlapping interested, common denoising
Mode will be no longer valid, it is difficult to be separated.The design employs the denoising method of wavelet analysis, and wavelet analysis is believed to sound emission
Number denoising provides powerful instrument, makes denoising finer, detail signal as much as possible can be retained while denoising.Through
Experimental analysis, is devised the scheme that three layers of wavelet decomposition is carried out using Db14 wavelet basis functions, signal is realized by software programming
Wavelet Denoising Method, meanwhile, reduce algorithm time be beneficial in real time processing.
(2) feature signal extraction
By analyzing many experiments of tower crane base material metal, Db14 small echos have been selected to carry out 5 layers of decomposition, by D1 and D2 layers
The semaphore of signal reconstruction, not only further compressed signal is carried out, while remains critical band and signal main energetic.
(3) pattern-recognition
Present design carries out the acoustic emission signal collected using BP neural network the identification of severity, by serious
The division of degree, in conjunction with the liveness index of acoustic emission signal, carries out safety evaluation to signal, realizes warning function.
In pattern-recognition, on the basis of after denoising, reconstruction signal are handled, using highest single-frequency frequency parameter and highest list
Frequency magnitude parameters two carry out integrating identification.
BP neural network parameter designing：Using Three Tiered Network Architecture, three-layer network design mainly includes：Input layer, hidden layer,
Output layer.Input and output layer is set：The feature vector number of sample is input number of nodes, and the classification that sample divides can be set to defeated
Go out node layer number.Then the characteristic parameter of 40 points, wherein two parameters of highest single-frequency and highest single-frequency amplitude respectively take this selected works
20 characteristic points, therefore input node is set to 40, is identified as the order of severity to acoustic emission signal herein, has divided three etc.
Level：It is distributed according to the RMS value of the signal of interception, below 1v is set to the first order, 1v to 2v is set to the second level, and more than 2v is set to the
Three-level, corresponding output are respectively 0,1,2.Output is arranged to 1 × 60 vector, and output node can be set to 1；Hidden layer is set as 7, effect
Fruit is more satisfactory；The selection of transmission function：Transmission function mainly has S type logarithmic functions logsig, tangent function tansig, linear letter
Number purelin, by test, selects hidden layer logarithmic function tansig, output layer uses linear function purelin herein.
As shown in figure 4, data sample processing step：
(a) Db14 small echos are selected to carry out three layers of wavelet decomposition denoising, denoising specific method processing step for example above；
(b) the five layers of decomposition of Db14 small echos are carried out to the sample signal after denoising, reconstruct D1 and D2 layer signals；
(c) parameter is carried out to reconstruction signal after map analysis, and is extracted after parameter.Such as highest single-frequency frequency parameter,
20ms signals are pressed to be calculated per 1ms, 20 parameter points is obtained, highest single-frequency magnitude parameters processing method is identical.It is possible thereby to structure
The single sample with 40 parameters is made, collection as needed is adapted to effective input sample collection of size, and training sample set is bigger, knows
Other precision is higher.
The function module of collection analysis software is optimized, adds the module of temporally accurate data intercept section, below figure.
By combing to the later stage of data sample and more accurately extracting, discrimination can be effectively improved.Beneficial to the trickle useful sound of discovery
Launch signal.
(4) safety evaluation
The order of severity of acoustic emission signal has been divided into three grades by the characteristic signal of extraction, be defined as I grade, II grade,
III grade.Reference pressure container acoustic emission detection assessment technique, it is contemplated that, will there is no the process of pressurization and pressurize in engineer application
Acoustic emission signal can be divided into non-live, general, medium, strong work four etc. by the active degree in Frequency division source.The two are referred to
Mark is jointly formed safety evaluation grade classification, such as following table：
Form 1
It is that the safety evaluation grade of security consideration table 1 is drawn because of there are personnel involved construction operation etc. in the working environment of tower crane
Point too conservative, A is represented safely；B represents slight crackle, without rechecking；C represents moderate crackle, considers to stop work and rechecks；D represents tight
Weight crackle, it is dangerous.
Take one section of acoustic emission signal in experiment.Several acoustic emission signal severities are obtained after Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal is intercepted
For I grade, the frequency leading portion interruption acoustic emission signal of sound emission belongs to general frequency, the continuous several acoustic emission signals of latter half
Belong to medium frequency, overall merit grade is B grades, is slight crackle.Thus can realize to tower crane emphasis structure such as welding structure etc.
The acoustic emission signal at place carries out the evaluation of preliminary safety.
The application has following technological merit：
1st, the online Non-Destructive Testing of dynamic of safety of tower crane is realized, system is easy to carry, high certainty of measurement, is quick on the draw.By
In employing acoustic emission, it is detected without being shut down to tower crane, during tower crane work, by operation scheme and test position
Lay sensor, you can gather in real time and analyze acoustic emission signal；The NI capture card schemes of use, sample frequency is high, resolution ratio
Height, can capture fine micro-crack acoustic emission signal, it is ensured that do not omit useful signal；Overall plan design, which employs, to be easy to
Carrying and scalability, it is easy to operate.
2nd, the generation to the damage at tower crane emphasis carrying position, especially microscopic damage, extension can realize earliest period
It was found that and early warning.Present design is detected for the hardware internal injury of tower crane, compared to passing through common displacement
The macroscopical displacement physical quantity of sensor measurement, more finely, it can be found that hiding earlier damage position and degree, so that in fine fisssure
Line is formed before the major injuries such as Macroscopic, is detected and is found.
To sum up, which realizes accurate measurement using acoustic emission, to substantial amounts of data
Optimization processing, the realizations such as denoising, extraction feature is carried out to handle in real time and draw useful information, and on the basis of signal processing,
Realize the early warning of earlier damage, the extension to damage can monitor, and sample rate and conversion ratio are high, can realize high accuracy, height
Sensitivity measure.
It is foregoing to the present invention specific exemplary embodiment description be in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions
It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can be much changed
And change.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explain that the certain principles of the present invention and its reality should
With so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize the present invention a variety of exemplaries and
Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.
Claims (5)
- A kind of 1. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system, it is characterised in that including：Acoustic emission sensor, it is connected by couplant with measurand；Preamplifier, it is connected with the acoustic emission sensor, for amplifying the sound emission of the acoustic emission sensor collection Signal；Data collecting card, it is connected with the preamplifier；AndIndustrial personal computer, it is used to set acquisition parameter；After starting gathered data, the data of collection are transported to the industrial personal computer, are adjusted Handled with the Implement of Function Module of the industrial personal computer, analysis and result export.
- 2. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the acoustic emission sensor Major parameter is：Temperature in use：- 20~50 DEG C；Interface：BNC sides；Frequency range：60kHz~400kHz；Resonant frequency： 150kHz；Sensitivity peaks：＞ 115dB；Degree of protection：IP66.
- 3. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that built in the preamplifier In the inside of the acoustic emission sensor.
- 4. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the data collecting card bag Include：Data acquisition module and collection cabinet.
- 5. sound emission safety of tower crane detecting system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the data acquisition module is 9223 C series modules of NI.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113125564A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-16 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Online detection method for early damage of wind turbine tower |
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| 富鹏 等: "塔机材料常规缺陷的声发射信号特性的实验分析", 《东北大学学位论文》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113125564A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-16 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Online detection method for early damage of wind turbine tower |
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