CN107935487B

CN107935487B - Method for producing functional material by utilizing solid waste and application

Info

Publication number: CN107935487B
Application number: CN201711216709.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于吉涛; 岳光亮
Original assignee: Shandong Zhongsen New Materials Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Zhongsen New Materials Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2017-11-28
Filing date: 2017-11-28
Publication date: 2020-10-30
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-28
Also published as: CN107935487A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for producing functional materials by utilizing solid wastes and application thereof, which realizes the recycling of various solid wastes, and 25mm-100mm blocky particles separated by scattering and sorting are made into coarse and fine aggregates by adopting an aggregate production system; and collecting the produced stone powder for later use. And grinding the coarse and fine aggregates prepared from the sorted fine particles and the blocky particles, and calcining to prepare the cement clinker. The cement clinker and the stone powder are used together to prepare the cementing material. The composite admixture, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are used together with cement and water for preparing non-autoclaved concrete, self-compacting concrete, self-leveling mortar and the like. The method of the invention fully utilizes the solid waste, realizes the purpose of completely squeezing the dried food, and has no secondary solid waste pollution. By adopting the method, the components from solid wastes are produced into products which can replace the traditional products, and the effects of cost reduction and efficiency improvement are exerted in the field of application of the products, thereby conforming to the industrial guidance of energy conservation and environmental protection.

Description

Method for producing functional material by utilizing solid waste and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a method for producing a functional material by utilizing solid wastes and application thereof.

Background

The solid waste yield of China is huge and increases year by year, a batch of enterprises engaged in solid waste treatment are promoted along with the increase of the solid waste amount, and most of the enterprises have relatively single solid waste treatment technology and even weak technical strength, so that the conditions of secondary pollution, occupied land or unobvious economic benefit of solid waste treatment in the solid waste treatment process are caused. At present, the treatment of solid wastes still remains in pouring, burying or simple separation of the solid wastes, and single products with lower production value, such as brick making, mineral powder, road building and utilization, and the like, are utilized by utilizing effective components.

Therefore, the prior art has the following problems in the solid waste recycling: 1. the selection type of the solid waste is narrow, and only part of the solid waste is utilized. 2. The technology for treating the solid waste is weak and single, the utilization rate of solid waste resources cannot be maximized, the solid waste is not thoroughly treated, and secondary solid waste pollution is generated; 3. the product produced by utilizing the solid waste is a traditional product and has small market competitiveness.

Therefore, further development of a method capable of comprehensively utilizing the solid wastes as resources is required.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing functional materials by utilizing solid wastes, which realizes the recycling of various solid wastes, can fully utilize each component in the solid wastes through sorting, completely presses the solid wastes, and has no secondary solid waste pollution; the method of the invention can produce the components from solid wastes to replace the traditional products and play the effects of cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the application field of the products.

The solid waste of the method of the invention includes but is not limited to: solid wastes such as quarry broken stone chips, construction wastes, industrial solid wastes, tailings, tunnel cave residues and the like.

The functional material of the invention comprises coarse and fine aggregates, composite gelled material, cement clinker, dry powder mortar raw material, PC member raw material and other materials with obvious functions and functions.

The invention adopts the technical scheme that a method for producing functional materials by utilizing solid wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of solid waste: collecting the solid waste, scattering and sorting; separating fine particles with a particle size of less than 25mm and block particles with a particle size of 25mm-100mm for later use.

(2) Aggregate production: preparing coarse and fine aggregates from the blocky particles sorted in the step (1) by adopting an aggregate production system; and collecting the produced stone powder for later use.

(3) Preparing cement clinker: and (3) grinding the fine particles separated in the step (1) and the coarse and fine aggregates obtained in the step (2) and then calcining to prepare cement clinker.

(4) Preparing a composite cementing material: and (3) preparing the stone powder generated in the production process of the coarse and fine aggregates in the step (2) and the clinker prepared in the step (3) into the composite cementing material.

(5) Preparation of the product: and (3) replacing the stones, the machine-made sand and the composite admixture obtained in the step (4) with the coarse and fine aggregates obtained in the step (2), and using the coarse and fine aggregates together with cement and water for preparing downstream products.

Specifically, the method for producing the functional material by utilizing the solid wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of solid waste: collecting quarry debris, construction waste, industrial solid waste, tailings and tunnel cave residues, scattering and sorting the collected materials into fine particles and blocky particles. Specifically, firstly, sorting colors, such as sorting out the crushed red brick particles separately as raw materials for producing clinker; the rest is scattered and sorted, and is divided into fine particles with the particle size of less than 25mm, and the fine particles contain waste materials such as soil and the like which are directly used as raw materials for producing clinker; 25mm-100mm block particles which enter a production system to produce coarse and fine aggregates; and thirdly, returning the particles larger than 100mm, and scattering and sorting the particles again.

(2) Aggregate production: preparing coarse and fine aggregates (replacing stones and machine-made sand) from the blocky particles sorted in the step (1) by adopting an aggregate production system (such as application number 201610284827.9, an artificial sandstone aggregate integrated production system); the particles with the particle size of 4.75-31.5mm replace stones and are used as coarse aggregates; the granules with the grain diameter less than 4.75mm replace machine-made sand and are used as fine aggregates. Collecting stone powder generated in the aggregate production process for later use.

(3) Preparing cement clinker:

raw materials: and (3) grinding the fine particles and the crushed red brick particles which are scattered and sorted in the step (1) and are smaller than 25mm and the coarse and fine aggregates prepared in the step (2) together, wherein the fineness is controlled to be less than 10 percent of the screen residue of the 80-micron square-hole sieve. And the ground material enters a rotary kiln to be calcined at 1400 ℃ to obtain clinker.

(4) Preparing a composite cementing material: and (3) using stone powder generated in the production process of the coarse and fine aggregates in the step (2) and clinker prepared in the step (3) for preparing the composite cementing material.

(5) And (3) using the coarse and fine aggregates obtained in the step (2) and the composite cementing material obtained in the step (4) together with cement and water for preparing downstream products.

Such downstream products include, but are not limited to: non-autoclaved concrete, self-compacting concrete and self-leveling mortar.

The composite admixture in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 30-50% of clinker, 10-20% of red mud, 10-20% of burnt coal gangue, 20-40% of stone powder, 5-10% of gypsum and 1-2% of powder activating agent. The clinker is the clinker prepared in the step (3); and (3) the stone powder is collected in the process of producing coarse and fine aggregates in the step (2).

The powder activating agent is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-20% of alcohol amine organic matter, 15-25% of carboxylic acid organic matter, 5-10% of inorganic salt and 50-70% of fly ash. The common grinding fineness is controlled to be less than or equal to 5 percent of the screen residue of a 45-um square-hole sieve, wherein the proportion of particles below 3um is more than or equal to 30 percent.

The functional material of the invention is used for preparing materials including but not limited to: non-autoclaved concrete, self-compacting concrete and self-leveling mortar.

The invention fully utilizes the solid waste in a mode of completely squeezing the dried food and maximizing the profit of each component, separates each component in the solid waste, and produces a product as a specific functional material, and the functional material has the advantages of replacing the traditional material, simultaneously exerting the maximum efficacy of each functional material and meeting the industry guidance of energy conservation and environmental protection.

Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. each component of the solid waste is fully utilized, and the maximization of the utilization rate of solid waste resources is realized;

2. each product produced by utilizing the solid wastes has obvious functions, and has remarkable social, economic and technical benefits by replacing the existing products;

3. each product produced by utilizing the solid wastes conforms to the national macro regulation and control policy on resources;

4. one or more products produced by utilizing solid wastes are matched and applied to downstream industries, so that the standardization of raw materials of the downstream industries is facilitated, and a foundation is laid for the development of 'two-way integration'. At the upstream, cement, cementing materials and aggregates share a solid waste resource treatment center, and the coarse and fine aggregates are industrially and intensively produced to form a concrete material production base; in the midstream, the cement production adopts process flexible management, the cement and the composite cementing material are respectively ground and compounded according to the requirement of concrete strength grade, the process is less, the cost is low, the quality is high, and the market competitiveness is improved; in the downstream, raw materials of cement, coarse and fine aggregates and cementing materials required by concrete production are provided by a treatment center, and integrated development is realized.

5. The method has the advantages of comprehensively utilizing solid wastes, producing the coarse and fine aggregate admixture circularly and integrally, solving the problems of raw material shortage, unstable quality and overhigh price of concrete enterprises, helping the concrete enterprises to produce high-quality and stable raw materials, improving the core competitiveness and developing towards the production of high-performance concrete, special concrete and prefabricated parts.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention for producing functional materials by using solid wastes.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the embodiments, and methods and apparatuses not described in detail in the present invention are all related art and are not described in detail again.

Example I preparation of non-autoclaved concrete from solid waste

1. Preparation of functional material by solid waste processing

(1) Pretreatment of solid waste: collecting quarry debris, tailings, tunnel cave residues, construction waste and the like, scattering and sorting the collected materials, and separating the materials into fine particles and blocky particles. Specifically, color sorting is firstly carried out, for example, the crushed particles of red bricks are separately sorted out to be used as raw materials for producing clinker; the rest is scattered and sorted, and is divided into fine particles with the particle size of less than 25mm, and the fine particles contain waste materials such as soil and the like which are directly used as raw materials for producing clinker; 25mm-100mm block particles which enter a production system to produce coarse and fine aggregates; and thirdly, returning the particles larger than 100mm, and scattering and sorting the particles again.

(2) Aggregate production: preparing coarse and fine aggregates (replacing stones and machine-made sand) from the blocky particles in the step (1) by adopting an aggregate production system (such as application number 201610284827.9, an artificial sandstone aggregate integrated production system); the particles with the particle size of 4.75-31.5mm replace stones and are used as coarse aggregates; the granules with the grain diameter less than 4.75mm replace machine-made sand and are used as fine aggregates. Collecting stone powder generated in the aggregate production process for later use.

(3) Preparing cement clinker:

raw materials: and (2) scattering the sorted fine particles with the particle size less than 25mm in the step (1), and carrying out pre-homogenization treatment on all raw materials of the coarse aggregate and the fine aggregate prepared in the step (2), and carrying out chemical analysis. According to the requirements of national standard clinker components, the ratio obtained after reaching a third ratio is measured by a belt weigher and then is ground in a vertical mill, and the fineness is controlled to be less than 10 percent of the screen residue of an 80-micron square-hole sieve. And the ground material enters a rotary kiln to be calcined at 1400 ℃ to obtain clinker.

The formula is as follows: 30-50% of clinker, 10-20% of red mud, 10-20% of coal gangue, 20-40% of stone powder, 5-10% of gypsum and 1-2% of powder activating agent. The clinker is the clinker prepared in the step (3); and (3) the stone powder is collected in the process of producing coarse and fine aggregates in the step (2).

(5) And (3) preparing the coarse and fine aggregates obtained in the step (2) and the composite cementing material obtained in the step (4) into the non-autoclaved concrete together with cement and water.

2. Preparation of non-autoclaved concrete

Compared with the existing steam-cured concrete, the steam-cured-free concrete prepared by the method has the following effects:

example (1)

The formula of the composite cementing material comprises the following components: 40% of clinker, 10% of red mud, 10% of coal gangue, 30% of stone powder, 10% of gypsum and 1.5% of activating agent.

The clinker is prepared from the step (3), and the stone powder is collected from the production process of the coarse and fine aggregates in the step (2).

In the raw materials of the non-autoclaved concrete, the fine aggregate prepared in the step (2) is used for replacing machine-made sand, and the coarse aggregate is used for replacing stones.

The results of comparing the C35 member concrete prepared by the method of the invention with the prior art are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1

Example (2)

The formula of the composite cementing material comprises the following components: 50% of clinker, 10% of red mud, 10% of coal gangue, 20% of stone powder, 10% of gypsum and 2% of activating agent.

The results of comparing the C35 member concrete prepared by the method of the invention with the prior art are shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2

Example (3)

The invention comprises the following steps: the formula of the composite gelled material comprises: 30% of clinker, 15% of red mud, 15% of coal gangue, 30% of stone powder, 10% of gypsum and 2% of activating agent.

The results of comparing the C35 member concrete prepared by the method of the invention with the prior art are shown in Table 3:

TABLE 3

And (4) conclusion: at present, a cementing material in the production process of building components generally consists of two powder materials, namely cement and coal ash, the cement consumption is large, and the aim of increasing the cement consumption to improve the early strength is mainly achieved; and an autoclaved curing production mode is adopted, so that the temperature is increased to promote early hydration, the early strength is improved, and the demolding time is further shortened. The existing method can not fundamentally solve the problems existing in the production process of the member concrete, and the problems of the production process are not solved only from the aspects of cost, raw materials and the like. The invention adopts solid wastes as raw materials, and prepares the composite cementing material, thereby realizing the preparation of the non-autoclaved concrete prefabricated member by adopting a normal-temperature curing mode. From the perspective of changing the production process, the problems of improving the strength and early demoulding are fundamentally solved.

EXAMPLE two preparation of self-compacting concrete Using solid wastes

1. Preparation of functional material by solid waste processing

The solid waste was processed as in example 1.

2. Preparation of self-compacting concrete

The self-compacting concrete prepared by the method has the following effect comparison with the existing self-compacting concrete:

the formula of the composite cementing material comprises the following components: 30% of clinker, 10% of red mud, 10% of coal gangue, 40% of stone powder, 10% of gypsum and 1.5% of powder activating agent.

In the self-compacting concrete raw material, the fine aggregate prepared in the step (2) is used for replacing machine-made sand, and the coarse aggregate is used for replacing stones.

The results of comparing the C40 self-compacting concrete prepared by the method of the present invention with the prior art are shown in Table 4:

TABLE 4

And (4) conclusion: the self-compacting concrete needs better cohesiveness and flowability, raw materials of cement and coarse and fine aggregates in the existing formula are from different enterprises, and the gradation of particles is difficult to control, so that the concrete has the disadvantages of larger performance fluctuation, unstable quality and large void ratio. The invention adopts solid wastes for comprehensive utilization, and has the biggest characteristics that the distribution of particles produced by raw materials is easy to control, and the particles of the materials are tightly filled with each other. In the prior proportioning, the cement and the coal ash are difficult to fill gaps among aggregate particles; according to the invention, after the cementing material is used, the gap between cement and aggregate is filled, so that the compactness is strong, and the problem of the gap between materials is solved. Therefore, the concrete has better flowing property and higher strength.

Example III preparation of self-leveling mortar Using solid wastes

1. Preparation of functional material by solid waste processing

The solid waste was processed as in example 1.

2. Preparation of self-leveling mortar

The self-leveling mortar prepared by the method has the following effects compared with the existing self-leveling mortar:

the formula of the composite cementing material comprises the following components: 10% of clinker, 20% of coal gangue, 20% of red mud, 40% of stone powder, 10% of gypsum and 1.5% of activating agent.

The self-leveling mortar raw material provided by the invention uses the fine aggregate prepared in the step (2) to replace machine-made sand.

The results of comparing the DM10 self-leveling mortar prepared by the method of the present invention with the prior art are shown in table 5:

TABLE 5

Item	Cement	Coal ash	Composite cementitious material	Machine-made sand	Fluidity/mm	1d Strength/MPa
							Existing	325	75	/	2100	580	11.3
The invention	300	/	100	2100	650	14.1

And (4) conclusion: the self-leveling mortar is a self-leveling foundation material with strong fluidity, high early strength and high plasticity, and has higher requirements on the popularity and the early strength of the material; at present, early strength cement is mainly adopted to achieve the strength effect, but the problems are that the early strength is contradictory to the high plasticity, the early strength is improved, the fluidity is deteriorated, the fluidity is improved, and the early strength is reduced; according to the invention, the performance of the composite cementing material is improved by adding the activating agent into the cementing material prepared from solid wastes, so that the flow property and early strength of the prepared self-leveling mortar can reach the indexes, and the problems in two aspects are solved well.

Claims

1. A method for producing functional materials by utilizing solid wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) pretreatment of solid waste: collecting quarry debris, construction waste, industrial solid waste, tailings and tunnel cave slag, scattering and sorting the collected materials into fine particles and blocky particles; specifically, firstly, sorting colors, namely, independently sorting particles obtained by crushing red bricks to be used as raw materials for producing clinker; the rest is scattered and sorted and is divided into fine particles with the particle size of less than 25 mm; ② 25mm-100mm block-shaped particles; thirdly, returning the particles larger than 100mm, and scattering and sorting the particles again;

(2) aggregate production: preparing coarse and fine aggregates from the blocky particles sorted in the step (1) by adopting an aggregate production system; collecting the produced stone powder for later use;

(3) preparing cement clinker: grinding the separated fine particles with the particle size less than 25mm, the broken red brick particles and the coarse and fine aggregates prepared in the step (2) together, wherein the fineness is controlled to be less than 10 percent of the screen residue of a square-hole sieve with the particle size of 80 mu m; the ground material enters a rotary kiln to be calcined at 1400 ℃ to obtain clinker;

(4) preparing a composite cementing material: preparing the stone powder generated in the production process of the coarse and fine aggregates in the step (2) and the clinker prepared in the step (3) into a composite cementing material, wherein the composite cementing material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 30-50% of clinker, 10-20% of red mud, 10-20% of coal gangue, 20-40% of stone powder, 5-10% of gypsum and 1-2% of powder activating agent; the clinker is the clinker prepared in the step (3); the stone powder is collected in the process of producing coarse and fine aggregates in the step (2);

the powder activating agent is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 10-20% of alcohol amine organic matter, 15-25% of carboxylic acid organic matter, 5-10% of inorganic salt and 50-70% of fly ash; the fineness of the common powder is controlled to be less than or equal to 5 percent of the screen residue of a square-hole sieve with the fineness of 45 mu m, wherein the proportion of particles with the particle size of less than 3 mu m is more than or equal to 30 percent;

(5) preparation of the product: the coarse and fine aggregates obtained in the step (2) and the composite cementing material obtained in the step (4) are used for preparing downstream products together with cement and water;

the downstream products include: non-autoclaved concrete, self-compacting concrete and self-leveling mortar.

2. The method for producing functional materials using solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of aggregate production: preparing the blocky particles sorted out in the step (1) into coarse and fine aggregates by adopting an aggregate production system; the particles with the particle size of 4.75-31.5mm are coarse aggregate; the particles with the particle size of less than 4.75mm are fine aggregate.

3. The use of the functional material produced from solid waste according to claim 1 for the preparation of non-autoclaved concrete, self-compacting concrete, self-leveling mortar.