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CN107921712B - 一种热塑性摩擦连接器 - Google Patents

一种热塑性摩擦连接器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107921712B
CN107921712B CN201680045407.3A CN201680045407A CN107921712B CN 107921712 B CN107921712 B CN 107921712B CN 201680045407 A CN201680045407 A CN 201680045407A CN 107921712 B CN107921712 B CN 107921712B
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China
Prior art keywords
connecting element
fastening structure
head
thermoplastic
fastening
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CN107921712A (zh
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M·马克尔
S·洛伦茨
I·克劳塞尔
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Ejot LLC
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Ejot LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0672—Spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/069—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding the welding tool cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/607—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种产生组件连接（70，140）的方法，所述组件连接包括具有至少一个组件层(60A,60a;160a,160b)的紧固结构(60,160)和具有一个头部(12,112)和轴部(14,114)的热塑性连接元件(10,110)，本方法中所述连接元件(10,110)在旋转时施加压力而穿入所述紧固结构(60,160)中，使轴部(14,114)穿过所述紧固结构(60,160)，穿过所述紧固结构(60,160)之后，所述连接元件(10,110)在模具(44,144)中通过摩擦变成软化的自由流动的状态，所述模具(44,144)置于紧固结构(60,160)与驱动方向相反的一侧，使得较厚部分(22,122)超出所述轴部(14,114)的部分径向范围，所述紧固结构(60,160)因此锁合地连接在所述头部(12,112)和较厚部分(22,122)之间。

Description

一种热塑性摩擦连接器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于产生包括紧固结构和热塑性连接元件的组件连接的方法，还涉及一种热塑性连接元件。
背景技术
DE 10 2013 209 634 A1涉及一种用于纤维复合组件的紧固元件，该紧固元件包括一个热塑性部分，所述热塑性紧固元件通过热变形，尤其是热铆接在紧固元件和纤维复合组件之间产生互锁连接。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于产生这类组件连接的改进的方法，以及一种紧固元件。
所述目的通过权利要求1的特征及其前序部分的特征来实现。
从属权利要求中描述的是本发明的优选地实施方式。
已知的方法中，所述紧固结构包括至少一个组件层，所述连接元件紧固于该组件层中，所述连接元件具有一个头部和轴部。
根据本发明，所述连接元件在旋转的同时施加压力而穿入紧固结构中，使得连接元件的轴部穿入所述紧固结构。一旦穿入紧固结构，所述连接元件在模具中被摩擦软化，并且转化为自由流动状态，使得连接元件在其顶端区域变形。
为此，所述模具设置在紧固结构与驱动方向相对的一侧。以这种方式产生摩擦能使连接元件软化并且变形，从而产生一个延伸到轴部的径向范围之外的较厚部分。经过一定的固化期，将模具从连接点移除。由此，连接元件与紧固结构固定连接。
利用摩擦能软化连接元件的好处在于提供了一种纯机械连接技术，使得模具和驱动工具的设计变得相对简单。
本发明的另一个优选实施例中，所述热塑性连接元件被插入紧固结构内预制的导向孔。这样设计的优点在于，该组件无需具备成孔特性。
另一方面，所述组件是实现上述方法的一种热塑性连接元件，为了实现这个目的，所述组件连接最好具有一个头部和与对接的轴部。在头部内设置有一个驱动结构，用来旋转连接元件使得连接元件在模具内软化并且变形，所述模具位于紧固结构另一侧。
在另一个优选实施例中，所述轴部的前端面设计成钝角结构或平面结构，这样的设计提供了一个最大的摩擦面，以促进连接元件的软化。
进一步地，所述连接元件的头部和轴部设置有一个中心凹槽，尤其是圆柱形的凹槽。在安装过程中，安装工具可以啮合在凹槽内，从而在熔化过程中稳固连接元件，另一方面，一旦连接元件插入之后，所述凹槽可以作为固定另一元件的锚接结构，特别是作为螺钉，尤其是自攻丝螺钉的一种螺栓。
有利的设计结构是内驱动结构和中心凹槽同轴设置，该结构进一步优化了内驱动结构的应用。
另一方面，本发明还涉及一种用上述方法连接所述连接元件的安装工具。
所述安装工具包括一个驱动工具和一个具有成形的凹槽的支撑座或底部模具，所述驱动工具用于旋转驱动连接元件，并且所述底部模具和驱动工具在轴向上朝彼此移动。
在一个优选实施例中，所述驱动工具具有一个驱动部和稳固部，所述稳固部是一个中心轴，可滑动插入设置在连接元件内的凹槽。
优选地，所述成形的凹槽可以是凹状的，尤其是球冠状，或者设计成截头圆锥形。
在另一个实施例中，所述底部模具具有一个用于与驱动工具的中心轴啮合的中心凹槽。
另一方面，本发明涉及一种组件连接，包括具有至少一个组件层的紧固结构。热塑性连接元件穿过所述紧固结构，连接元件的头部设有驱动结构，且位于所述紧固结构的上端，连接元件下端具有一个较厚的部分，位于紧固结构与头部相对的表面。
进一步地，在连接元件内设置有一个穿过紧固结构的中心凹槽。
附图说明
从以下描述并结合附图所示的实施例可以得到本发明的其他优点、特征和可能的应用。
在附图中，
图1是本发明的一个连接元件的透视图；
图2是图1所示的本发明的一个连接元件的截面图；
图3a是一个安装装置的截面图；
图3b是安装操作过程中安装装置的截面图；
图3c是安装操作后本发明的组件连接的截面图；
图4a是本发明的组件连接示意图；
图4b是紧固操作过程中的截面图；以及
图4c是本发明的用于产生组件连接的装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明的一个热塑性连接元件10的透视图。所述连接元件10具有一个头部和轴部14，在头部12内设置有一个六边形的内驱动结构16。
图2是图1中本发明的热塑性连接元件10的截面图。从中可以看到，与驱动结构对接的是一个中心圆柱形凹槽18，该凹槽18延伸至所述连接元件的整个长度上。在其轴部一侧，所述头部12设置有槽20。从图2中可进一步看到，所述内驱动结构16和凹槽18彼此同轴延伸。这样设计的好处在于一个工具既可以与驱动结构啮合，也可以支持连接元件。
图3a是本发明的一个安装装置30的示意图，所述安装装置30包括一个安装工具40，所述安装工具40包括一个驱动工具42和一个支撑座或底部模具44。根据本发明，这样设计的安装工具40用于建立紧固结构60和连接元件10之间的连接。所述驱动工具42具有一个驱动部46和一个稳固部48。在本实施例中，连接元件10通过驱动部46旋转，所述驱动工具42和底部模具44发生相向位移，使得在底部模具44上产生足以部分软化热塑性连接元件10的摩擦能量。根据本发明，所述底部模具44和驱动工具42与设置在紧固结构60两旁的孔62对齐。所述底部模具44具有一个成形的凹槽50，所述热塑性连接元件10在所述凹槽50内软化并且变形，从而连接元件10的熔融材料填充所述成形的凹槽50。所述底部模具44还具有一个圆柱形孔52，所述驱动工具42的稳固部48可以插入所述圆柱形孔52中，所述稳固部48设计成杆状。这使得紧靠底部模具44的连接元件10还可被软化，尽管在紧固操作过程所述稳固部48全部穿过连接元件10。在底部模具44内设计成形的凹槽50使得连接元件10在其内变宽，从而所述紧固结构60互锁连接在所述头部14和由此形成的较厚部分之间。这样的组件连接将参照图3c进行描述。
图3b所示是本发明在其安装状态下的一个安装装置30，其中安装工具40通过摩擦加热靠近底部模具44的连接元件10到一定的程度以致其填满所述成形的凹槽50。在向内插入的过程中，所述稳固部48穿过连接元件10，并且最终进入设置在底部模具44内的凹槽52。所述连接元件10在成形的凹槽50内部分软化之后，当旋转停止时，连接元件10先前软化的部分可留在其中硬化。
图3c所示是一个已完成的组件连接70，包括一个连接元件10，所述连接元件10的头部12位于紧固结构60的上侧，而较厚部分22，尤其呈成形的凹槽50的形状，已形成于紧固结构60的下侧。因此，通过头部和较厚部分22，连接元件10与紧固结构60固定连接。在连接过程中穿过所述连接元件10的驱动工具42的稳固部48确保连接元件10的圆柱形凹槽18即使在连接过程之后仍保持十分完整。因此，所述连接元件10特别适用于接收自攻丝螺钉，以便将后者牢固地连接到组件连接70。在图3c的视图中，所述底部模具44和驱动工具42从连接点处移除。
这是一个产生整体固定连接的简单方法，因为所需的熔化温度是通过产生摩擦能量来实现的。
图4a是一种用于产生组件连接的发明装置，包括由两个组件层160a，160b组成的紧固结构160。为了使连接元件110穿入预先制孔的紧固结构160，提供了一个安装工具130，所述安装工具130具有一个驱动工具142，用于转动连接元件110，并且向其施加一个轴向压力使得连接元件110朝向底部模具144移动并与之接触，在底部模具144内连接元件110通过摩擦能被软化。图4a和4c中的连接元件110没有连续的凹槽，因此，稳固部148的轴向长度也较小。位于紧贴紧固结构160下侧的底部模具144具有一个在驱动方向上闭合的成形的凹槽150。所述连接元件110在其朝向顶端的轴向方向上具有与内驱动结构116对接的凹槽。所述凹槽用于容纳所述驱动工具142的稳固部148。
图4b是紧固操作过程中的侧视图，由于连接元件110在底部模具144内受到摩擦，因而在远离其头部的端面形成一个径向上较厚部分122。如图所示，所述组件连接170包括紧固结构160和连接元件110，其中，所述连接元件110将紧固结构的两个组件层160a，160b连接在一起，与此同时构成其他组件的接收元件。在本实施例中，由于连接元件110在其较厚部分122的区域具有一个闭合的面，因此一旦连接完成，在一定程度上可以密封预先制孔的紧固结构160。
图4c对驱动工具142和底部模具144移除之后组件层160a，160b是怎样被连接元件110连接在一起进行了说明，以及对这些组件层160a，160b是怎样被互锁连接在头部114和由此形成的较厚部分122之间的轴向上进行了说明。因此，所述连接元件110用于连接两个组件层160a，160b，同时还为另一个紧固件如螺钉，特别是自攻丝螺钉，提供接收点。

Claims (4)

1.一种产生组件连接(70，140)的方法，所述组件连接包括具有至少一个组件层(60A,60a；160a,160b)的紧固结构(60,160)和具有一个头部(12,112)和轴部(14,114)的热塑性连接元件(10,110)，本方法中所述连接元件(10,110)在旋转时施加压力而穿入所述紧固结构(60,160)中，使轴部(14,114)穿过所述紧固结构(60,160)，其特征在于，穿过所述紧固结构(60,160)之后，所述连接元件(10,110)在模具(44,144)中通过摩擦变成软化的自由流动的状态，所述模具(44,144)置于紧固结构(60,160)与驱动方向相反的一侧，使得较厚部分(22,122)超出所述轴部(14,114)的部分径向范围，所述紧固结构(60,160)因此锁合地连接在所述头部(12,112)和较厚部分(22,122)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述连接元件(10,110)被驱动到所述紧固结构(60,160)之前，在所述紧固结构(60,160)中制造一个导向孔，所述导向孔的直径小于或等于所述连接元件(10,110)的轴部(14,114)的直径。
3.根据前述任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述紧固结构(60,160)由一个组件层(60)或多个组件层(160a,160b)构成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述模具在软化变形的连接元件(10,110)固化之后被移除。
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