CN107879801A - A kind of method that bacteria residue matrix makes and soilless culture utilizes - Google Patents
A kind of method that bacteria residue matrix makes and soilless culture utilizes Download PDFInfo
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- CN107879801A CN107879801A CN201711191963.4A CN201711191963A CN107879801A CN 107879801 A CN107879801 A CN 107879801A CN 201711191963 A CN201711191963 A CN 201711191963A CN 107879801 A CN107879801 A CN 107879801A
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JUCCBFMAJUMIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O [N].[NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound [N].[NH4+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O JUCCBFMAJUMIFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 28
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 241000737241 Cocos Species 0.000 description 16
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 15
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 244000252132 Pleurotus eryngii Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000001681 Pleurotus eryngii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004507 Abelmoschus esculentus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that bacteria residue matrix makes and soilless culture utilizes, it is mixed with using bacteria residue and by the coconut palm chaff of the quantity of bacteria residue volume 5 20% and exempts from fermentation substrate, pass through the aggregate measures such as the cleaning of bacteria residue saturation, pocket type cultivation, drip irrigation water-fertilizer integral and special nutrient fluid, control the spontaneous fermentation speed of bacteria residue substrate culture process, avoid bacteria residue substrate temperature from exceeding the temperature range of root system of plant normal growth, realize that bacteria residue azymic is used for substrate culture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, specially a kind of bacteria residue matrix makes and soilless culture utilizes method.
Background technology
Substrate culture belongs to one kind of soilless culture, has high-quality, highly efficient and productive, safe and avoids native biography without soil
Many advantages, such as disease, and cultivation matrix is the key of substrate soiless cultivation success or failure, and the soilless culture in addition to greenhouse facility
Main input cost.Bacteria residue is largely used to soilless culture because source is wide, low cost and other advantages.Generally, bacteria residue must be through
Substrate culture could be used for after everfermentation.Profit is decomposed because the easily decomposing organic matter such as edible fungus culturing process cellulose is eaten bacterium
With the lignin equal size of more difficult decomposition in bacteria residue rises.Therefore, bacteria residue fermentation need to readjust carbon-nitrogen ratio, moisture and
Add the measures such as zymophyte and promote bacteria residue fermentation, not only increase the cost inputs such as time, goods and materials so that the advantage of bacteria residue low cost
It is difficult to play.And because different bacteria residue material physicochemical property differences are big, fermentation difficulty or ease are different, easily because bacteria residue fermentation is incomplete
Soilless culture is caused to fail in cultivation production secondary fermentation.201610543426.0 although invention also refers to pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue
Okra cultivation is directly used in, but the invention is to apply bacteria residue in furrow face soil after doing furrow trench digging, and essence still belongs to soil cultivation
Category, provided using pleurotus eryngii bacteria residue as organic fertilizer in a manner of nutrient and a kind of soil cultivation of improved soil.The present invention utilizes
The features such as content of lignin of the more difficult decomposition of bacteria residue is high, by the cleaning of bacteria residue saturation, pocket type cultivation, drip irrigation water-fertilizer integral and specially
With aggregate measures such as nutrient solutions, control bacteria residue substrate culture process slows down fermenting speed, avoids bacteria residue substrate temperature beyond plant
The temperature range of thing root system normal growth, realize that bacteria residue azymic is used for substrate culture.
The content of the invention
It is more difficult using bacteria residue it is an object of the invention to provide the method that a kind of making of bacteria residue matrix and soilless culture utilize
The features such as content of lignin of decomposition is high, pass through the cleaning of bacteria residue saturation, pocket type cultivation, drip irrigation water-fertilizer integral and special nutrient fluid
Etc. aggregate measures, control bacteria residue substrate culture process slows down fermenting speed, avoids bacteria residue substrate temperature from exceeding root system of plant just
The temperature range being frequently grown, realize that bacteria residue azymic is used for substrate culture.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
Methods described specifically comprises the following steps：
（1）Bacteria residue selects：Pollution-free clean black fungus, flat mushroom, mushroom etc. is selected to use bacterium using thick wood chip as primary raw material
Slag.
（2）Bacteria residue crushes：Bacteria residue directly with pulverizer pulverize and sieve 5mm sieve.
（3）Substrate composition：To improve the water-retaining property of bacteria residue, 5-20% coconut palm chaff is added by bacteria residue volume.
（4）Matrix packs：To slow down fermentation of the bacteria residue in planting process, using the form of plastic bag cultivation plant without soil
Training, from woven bag or black and white film plastic matrix bag, bag containing soilless substrate surrounding and bottom are provided with osculum, and bag containing soilless substrate volume is not more than
15L, height 25-35cm after pack, with niche quality guarantee water and heat-sinking capability is improved, slows down substrate fermentation speed.
（5）Matrix is rinsed：Before bag containing soilless substrate arrangement ensuing crop transplanting, matrix is by drip irrigation system drip irrigation clear water saturation and rushes
Wash matrix, rinse 3-5 days, rinse 1-2 time, each 120min daily, up to percolating water color substantially shoals, reach it is limpid most
It is good.
（6）Supporting water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation system：Bacteria residue substrate culture uses the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, and liquid manure relies primarily on
Nutrient solution is supplied by drip irrigation.Supporting drip irrigation liquid manure integral system is answered in bacteria residue cultivation, and each planting bag is equipped with a drop
Head or drop arrow, single delivery port go out water speed 2-4L/h.
（7）Drip irrigation is carried out using seedling stage special nutrient fluid after transplanting：To slow down matrix spontaneous fermentation speed, after transplanting immediately
Using enough multiple principle drip irrigation seedling stage special nutrient fluids, daily drip irrigation 4 times, each drip irrigation 10min, ensure every bag of drop daily
Filling amount reaches more than 2-3L, keeps root area's water content to control bacteria residue spontaneous fermentation up to more than 70%.
Seedling stage special nutritional formula of liquid is directed to the nitrogen nutrient of the slow spontaneous fermentation process microbial consumption of bacteria residue, increase
10%-20% nitrogen nutrients are supplied.The enough repeatedly irrigation times of high nitrogen nutrition liquid continue 10-20 days.
Seedling stage special nutrient fluid：Seedling stage special nutritional formula of liquid feature is that urea, nitre are added in ordinary nutritional liquid-based matter
The nitrogen-containing materials such as sour ammonium, addition are calculated as 20-30mg/L with nitrogen element content.
Described seedling stage special nutrient fluid is urea 50mg/L, calcium nitrate 300-900mg/L, potassium nitrate 300-450mg/L,
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 80-140mg/L, magnesium sulfate 240-360mg/L, trace element press general trace element formula.
Preferable cucumber at seedling stage high nitrogen nutrition liquid a great number of elements formula is urea 50mg/L, calcium nitrate 800mg/L, potassium nitrate
450mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 140mg/L, magnesium sulfate 360mg/L, trace element press general trace element formula.
Tomato seedling high nitrogen nutrition liquid a great number of elements formula is：Urea 50mg/L, calcium nitrate 360mg/L, potassium nitrate
400mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 80mg/L, magnesium sulfate 246mg/L, trace element press general trace element formula.
（8）After transplanting 15-20 days, matrix is basicly stable, is matched somebody with somebody using Different Crop soilless culture nutrient fluid, such as rugged cucumber in mountain
Side, south China agricultural university solanaceous vegetables formula etc. carry out drip irrigation, daily depending on the weather conditions such as crop growth stage, growing way and temperature, illumination
Drip irrigation 2-4 times, each 5-10min.
The advantage of the invention is that：
1st, bacteria residue is directly used in soilless culture without everfermentation.
2nd, bacteria residue mixes with 5-20% coconut palm chaffs.
3rd, independent plantation bag cultivating advantageous heat dissipation, slows down bacteria residue matrix spontaneous fermentation.
4th, drip irrigation liquid manure integration apparatus must be used to carry out fertigation, single dripping end flow need to be not less than 4L/h.
5th, clear water saturation is rinsed before transplanting, and elutes the part organic acid in bacteria residue and organic point of the easily decomposition of mushroom growth
Secretion, and bacteria residue moisture is improved more than 70%, control bacteria residue spontaneous fermentation speed.
6th, transplanting early stage, to strive nitrogen unfavorable to plant growth to avoid bacteria residue spontaneous fermentation from producing heat and microorganism, using special
Enough multiple drip irrigations are pressed with nutrient solution.Seedling stage Zhu Yong's nutrient solution prescription feature be in ordinary nutritional liquid-based matter add urea,
The nitrogen-containing materials such as ammonium nitrate, addition are calculated as 20-30mg/L with nitrogen element content.Enough repeatedly irrigate of high nitrogen nutrition liquid continues
10-20 days time.
7th, the matrix cost used is low, and cultivation effect is good.
Brief description of the drawings
The permanently happy intelligent greenhouse mushroom residue substrate culture tomato growing ways of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Bacteria residue substrate culture cucumber：Experiment in cultivation is on April 21st, 2017 to July 30 in the expensive peace common plasticses greenhouse in Lianjiang County
Carry out, varieties of plant is the light in micro laparoscope summer.
Greenhouse area about 800m2, wherein 400m2Matrix is handled using the inventive method and carries out cultivation management.Matrix is selected
Elegant precious mushroom slag, 5mm sieves are crossed after mushroom ground-slag is broken, coconut palm chaff is added by 10% volume of bacteria residue volume（Coconut palm chaff is bought in Xiamen Jiang Pinggong
Department）.Load black and white film planting bag, planting bag high about 27cm, diameter about 20cm, matrix volume about 8L, planting bag after matrix treatments
The discharge outlet of 24 4mm diameters is left in side and bottom, and top overlay film is arranged in after matrix pack, and surrounding is protected with fly net
In simple plastic greenhouse, 800 bags of planting bags are arranged altogether, and greenhouse uses the simple drip irrigation system equipped with soilless culture fertilizer applicator, drop
Fill band drip irrigation, water dropper spacing 50cm, dripping end flow 4L/h, every bag of water dropper.It is clear by drip irrigation system drip irrigation before cucumber transplanting
Water saturation simultaneously rinses matrix, rinses 1 time, each 120min daily, continuous flushing 4 days, rinses end percolating water color and substantially becomes
It is shallow.Hole plate seedling growth cucumber is colonized in the planting bag after saturation is rinsed by April 26th, 2017,2 plants of cucumber of every bag of plantation, altogether
Plant 2400 plants of cucumber.It is to use seedling stage special nutrient fluid progress drip irrigation after field planting, daily drip irrigation 4 times, each drip irrigation 10min,
Seedling stage special nutritional formula of liquid is：Urea 50mg/L, calcium nitrate 800mg/L, potassium nitrate 450mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 140mg/
L, magnesium sulfate 360mg/L, trace element use general formulation.
On May 15th, 2017, cucumber enter initial bloom stage, start to use the rugged cucumber formula nutritional liquid of positive Changshan instead daily 2-3 times
Drip irrigation（2 times/day of rainy days, 3 times/day of fine day）, each 10min.
For influence of the cultural method more of the present invention to cucumber growth and yield, 2 control groups are set in same greenhouse,
Respectively control group 1 and control group 2, area are 200m2。
Control group 1 uses identical bacteria residue, and flour sand is crossed direct routinely trough cultivation method after 5mm is sieved and planted, specifically
Method is as follows：On greenhouse ground long 15m, wide 0.6m, deep 0.2m substrate grooves, groove interior waste and old awning film and ground are surrounded with fragment of brick
Face isolates.The direct heap of bacteria residue after pulverizing and sieving enters cultivation bed, stromal thickness about 18cm.Heap is transplanted after entering bacteria residue, is adopted
With double planting method, spacing in the rows 50cm, 600 plants of cucumber seedlings are planted altogether.It is the same manner as in Example 1 to supply water using the Integration of Water into Fertilizer
Fertilizer, water dropper on drip irrigation belt spacing 50cmm, dripping end flow 4L/h, two plants share a water dropper.After cucumber transplanting on April 26th, 2017
Use the rugged cucumber formula nutritional drip irrigation in mountain, seedling stage daily drip irrigation 1 time, each 10min.On May 15th, 2017, cucumber enter
Initial bloom stage, start to use the daily 2-3 drip irrigation of the rugged cucumber formula nutritional liquid of positive Changshan instead（2 times/day of rainy days, 3 times/day of fine day）,
Each 10min.
The matrix of control group 2 uses coconut palm chaff instead, in the same manner as in Example 1 using matrix bag cultivating, bag containing soilless substrate specification, arrangement etc. with
Embodiment 1 is completely the same, and the matrix of control group 2 is cleaned without saturation, irrigates nutrient solution prescription and irrigation method with control group 1.
Because bacteria residue contains the microorganisms such as a large amount of fungies, the bacteria residue of non-fermentation process easily produces hair in appropriate moisture content
Ferment, bacteria residue temperature substantially rise, and maximum temperature is up to more than 50 DEG C.The temperature range of usual root system of plant normal growth is 0-35
DEG C, it is the main reason for cultivation fails that substrate temperature caused by the organic matter substrate culture process secondary fermentation such as bacteria residue, which rises,.Table 1
For the temperature change of different disposal bacteria residue its content, the substrate temperature of embodiment 1 is significantly lower than control group 1, and with pure coconut palm chaff
The difference unobvious of control group 2 of matrix, show that the present invention can effectively slow down the spontaneous fermentation speed of bacteria residue, control bacteria residue matrix temperature
Degree is in the normal range (NR) of crop root growth, and substrate temperature is more than 35 DEG C to control group 1 after 5 days.Table 2 is transplanting 10 days
When the cucumber growth data observed, the cucumber seedling survival rate 100% of embodiment 1 and control group 2, hence it is evident that higher than control group 1
63.7%.Compared with embodiment 1 and control group 2, the cucumber growing way of control group 1 is substantially deceived weak, shows as that plant height, stem be thick, leaf length
Compareed etc. being significantly less than.
Table 1, different disposal bacteria residue temperature
Note：Temperature measurement time is the morning 10：00.
The influence that table 2, different disposal grow to cucumber at seedling stage
First cucumber harvesting on June 3rd, 2017, on July 30th, 2017, embodiment 1（Invention is handled）Cucumber is harvested altogether
1782kg, per mu yield about 2970kg, control group 1 harvest cucumber about 460kg altogether, by 200m2 areal calculations, convert into per mu yield about
1533kg, control group 2 harvest cucumber 901kg altogether, convert into per mu yield about 3000kg.
Embodiment 1 shows that the present invention can effectively slow down the fermenting speed of bacteria residue matrix, keeps substrate temperature normal in root system
The temperature range of growth.Compared with being directly used in the control group 1 of substrate culture with bacteria residue, the present invention can greatly improve cucumber seedling into
Motility rate, promote the growth of cucumber at seedling stage, improve cucumber yield.Embodiment 1 compared with the control group 2 of pure coconut palm chaff substrate culture,
The comparison of substrate temperature, melon seedling survival rate, cucumber at seedling stage growing way and yield, is notable difference, shows the achievable bacterium of the present invention
Slag azymic is used for cucumber substrate culture.
For embodiment 1 compared with control group 2, soilless culture effect is preferable, and embodiment 1 will based on discarded edible mushroom bacteria residue
Raw material, China fails to make full use of because edible fungus culturing produces substantial amounts of edible fungi residues every year, most of to be lost with agricultural wastes
Abandon or burn.Therefore the bacteria residue cost of material of embodiment 1 can be neglected, by every cube of bacteria residue is broken and 50 yuan of cost of transportation based on
Calculate, every mu of embodiment 1 needs bacteria residue volume about 9.6m3, about 480 yuan of bacteria residue cost, 1 cube of coconut palm chaff is separately needed, coconut palm chaff market price is pressed
300 yuan/m3Calculate, the every mu of matrix totle drilling cost of embodiment 1 is 780 yuan, and all coconut palm chaff matrix of control group 2, and every mu needs coconut palm
Chaff volume about 10.6m3, every mu of 3180 yuan of matrix cost.For embodiment 1 compared with control group 2, every mu can save matrix cost 2400
Member.The present invention is not only by waste edible fungus gurry cycling and reutilization, moreover it is possible to the cost of soilless culture, economic benefit and society is greatly reduced
Can remarkable benefit.
Embodiment 2：
Bacteria residue substrate culture tomato：
Experiment in cultivation started to carry out in Changle city plum blossom town intelligent greenhouse on October 21st, 2017, greenhouse area 2000m2If
Two processing, respectively using the control group 3 of 2 grades of pure coconut palm chaff matrix bag cultivatings of embodiments of the invention, embodiment 2 and control group
3 difference area occupied 1000m2, varieties of plant is cherry and tomato gold bead.
Embodiment 2, as cultivation matrix, is crossed 5mm sieves, coconut palm chaff is added by 5% volume from mushroom residue after mushroom ground-slag is broken（Coconut palm chaff
Buy in Xiamen Jiang Ping companies）.Load black and white film planting bag, planting bag high about 32cm, diameter about 26cm, matrix after matrix treatments
The discharge outlet of 36 4mm diameters is left in volume about 14L, planting bag side and bottom.Intelligent greenhouse is moved into after the pack of mushroom slag matrix,
1500 planting bags are arranged altogether.Control group 3 moves into intelligent greenhouse after being packed using coconut palm chaff, totally 1500 planting bags.Greenhouse is with matching somebody with somebody
There is the large-scale drip irrigation system of soilless culture fertilizer applicator, set 4 irrigated areas altogether, embodiment 2 and control group 3 distinguish 2 irrigated areas, using drop
Fill band drip irrigation, water dropper spacing 50cm, dripping end flow 4L/h, every bag of water dropper.Before tomato transplanting, embodiment 2 and control group 3 are equal
By drip irrigation system drip irrigation clear water saturation and matrix is rinsed, is rinsed 1 time, each 120min daily, continuous flushing 4 days.
It is colonized tomato afternoon on October 24th, 2017, embodiment 2 and control group 3 are colonized simultaneously, and every bag is planted 2 plants,
6000 plants of tomato is planted altogether.Embodiment 2 carries out drip irrigation after being colonized using seedling stage special nutrient fluid, daily drip irrigation 4 times, every time drop
10min is filled, seedling stage special nutritional formula of liquid is：Urea 50mg/L, calcium nitrate 360mg/L, potassium nitrate 400mg/L, biphosphate
Ammonium 80mg/L, magnesium sulfate 246mg/L, trace element use general formulation.Control group 3 directly uses the rugged tomato formula nutritional liquid in mountain
Drip irrigation, daily drip irrigation 1 time, each 10min.
The tomato of on November 12nd, 2017, embodiment 2 and control group 3 begins to show bud, uniformly uses the rugged tomato of positive Changshan instead
The daily 2-3 drip irrigation of formula nutritional liquid（2 times/day of rainy days, 3 times/day of fine day）, each 10min.Table 3 was investigated for November 10
Tomato growth situation, the survival rate no significant difference of embodiment 2 and control group tomato, but the plant culture effect ratio of the present invention
Control group is high, and the present invention is better than pure coconut palm chaff substrate culture effect for tomato planting, shows the achievable bacteria residue azymic of the present invention
For substrate culture tomato.
The influence that table 3, different disposal grow to tomato seedling
Note：* among the section third from the bottom of stem bigness scale amount top.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, it should all belong to the covering scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that bacteria residue matrix makes and soilless culture utilizes, it is characterised in that：It the described method comprises the following steps：
（1）Bacteria residue and processing：Select edible fungi residue of the pollution-free thick wood chip for primary raw material；Bacteria residue is directly crushed with pulverizer
Sieve 5mm sieves；
（2）Substrate composition：By bacteria residue volume addition 5-20% coconut palm chaff；
（3）Matrix packs：Soilless culture is carried out using the form of plastic bag cultivation, from woven bag or black and white film plastic matrix bag, matrix
Bag surrounding and bottom are provided with osculum, and bag containing soilless substrate volume is not more than 15L, height 25-35cm after pack；
（4）Matrix is rinsed：Before crop transplanting, matrix need to utilize drip irrigation system drip irrigation clear water saturation and rinse matrix, rinse 3-5
My god, daily continuous flushing 1-2 times, each 120min, until percolating water color substantially shoals, reach limpid；
（5）Supporting water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation system：Bacteria residue substrate culture using the Integration of Water into Fertilizer irrigate and apply fertilizer, liquid manure according to
Supplied by nutrient solution by drip irrigation；Bacteria residue cultivates supporting drip irrigation liquid manure integral system, and each planting bag is equipped with a drop
Head or drop arrow, single delivery port go out water speed 2-4L/h；
（6）Drip irrigation is carried out using seedling stage special nutrient fluid after transplanting：Daily drip irrigation 4 times, each drip irrigation 10min, ensure every bag often
Its drip irrigation amount reaches 2-3L, keeps root area's water content to control bacteria residue spontaneous fermentation up to more than 70%；In seedling stage special nutritional formula of liquid
Nitrogen containing 100mg/L-200mgL；The nutrition liquid irrigation time continues 10-20 days；
（7）After transplanting 15-20 days, matrix has been stablized, long depending on crop growth stage using Different Crop soilless culture nutrient fluid
The weather conditions such as gesture and temperature, illumination daily drip irrigation 2-4 times, each 5-10min.
The method that 2. a kind of bacteria residue matrix according to claim 1 makes and soilless culture utilizes, it is characterised in that：It is described
Seedling stage special nutrient fluid be to add urea or ammonium nitrate nitrogen-containing material, addition in ordinary nutritional liquid-based matter with nitrogen to contain
Amount is calculated as 20-30mg/L.
The method that 3. a kind of bacteria residue matrix according to claim 1 makes and soilless culture utilizes, it is characterised in that：It is described
Seedling stage special nutrient fluid be urea 50mg/L, calcium nitrate 300-900mg/L, potassium nitrate 300-450mg/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
80-140mg/L, magnesium sulfate 240-360mg/L, trace element press general trace element formula.
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