CN107869350A - A kind of new drop rushes colliery bolting with wire mesh method - Google Patents
A kind of new drop rushes colliery bolting with wire mesh method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型降冲煤矿锚网支护方法，具体涉及地下深部作业安全支护及其他隧道边坡等支护领域。该新型降冲煤矿锚网支护方法利用科学规划的孔洞裂隙增加巷道变形时缓冲作用起到降低巷道变形的效果，在锚网支护基础上适当增加锚索长度，使其深入到塑性区外的围岩深部稳定岩层内，取得较好的支护效果；同时通过在锚索间排距之间补打钻孔，并根据实际情况需要进行多次补充钻孔，增大巷道临空区变形时缓冲范围，有效提高巷道抗变形能力，利用裂隙孔洞改善支护效果，能够有效的降低冲击地压危害，本发明原理简单，成本低，试验周期短，操作简便，便于推广。
The invention discloses a novel bolt-mesh support method in a drop-down coal mine, and particularly relates to the fields of safety support for deep underground operations and other support fields such as tunnel slopes. This new method of bolt-mesh support in drop-down coal mines uses scientifically planned holes and fissures to increase the buffering effect of roadway deformation to reduce the deformation of the roadway. On the basis of anchor-mesh support, the length of the anchor cable is appropriately increased to make it go deep outside the plastic zone. In the deep stable rock strata of the surrounding rock, a better supporting effect is achieved; at the same time, through supplementary drilling between the row spacing between the anchor cables, and multiple supplementary drilling according to the actual situation, the deformation of the roadway near the empty area is increased. The time buffer range can effectively improve the anti-deformation ability of the roadway, and the use of cracks and holes to improve the support effect can effectively reduce the hazard of rock burst. The invention has simple principle, low cost, short test period, simple operation and easy promotion.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及地下深部作业安全支护及其他隧道边坡等支护领域，具体一种新型降冲煤矿锚网支护方法。The invention relates to the fields of underground deep operation safety support and other support fields such as tunnel slopes, in particular to a novel bolt-net support method for drop-down coal mines.
背景技术Background technique
我国煤矿主要是地下开采,需要在井下开掘大量巷道,保持巷道畅通和围岩稳定对煤矿建设与生产具有重要意义。随着开采深度、广度及开采强度的不断提高,巷道埋深逐年增加,地质条件日趋复杂化,高地应力巷道、强烈采动影响巷道、松软破碎围岩巷道及特大断面巷道和硐室等复杂困难条件占的比重越来越大,显著增加了巷道支护难度。锚杆支护技术已在国内外得到普遍应用,是煤矿实现高产高效必不可少的关键技术之一。目前,锚杆对于巷道支护机理分为四类支护力作用在巷道围岩表面的支护方式、支护力不但作用在围岩表面,而且作用在围岩内部的支护方式、改善巷道围岩力学性质,提高围岩强度的加固方法、改善巷道围岩应力状态,使巷道处于应力降低区,总体说来均是改善支护范围内所有围岩支护强度，可归属于刚性支护。对于复杂困难巷道需要采用高强度高预应力锚杆组合，同时不适用巷道大变形的情况。根据研究，合理利用裂隙孔洞对于软岩巷道控制变形，对于支护领域具有重要意义。Coal mines in my country are mainly mined underground, and a large number of roadways need to be excavated underground. Keeping the roadways smooth and the surrounding rock stable is of great significance to the construction and production of coal mines. With the continuous improvement of mining depth, breadth and mining intensity, the buried depth of roadways increases year by year, and the geological conditions become more and more complicated. High ground stress roadways, strongly mining-affected roadways, soft and broken surrounding rock roadways, and extra-large cross-section roadways and chambers are complex and difficult. Conditions account for an increasing proportion, significantly increasing the difficulty of roadway support. Bolt support technology has been widely used at home and abroad, and it is one of the essential key technologies for coal mines to achieve high production and high efficiency. At present, the support mechanism of bolts for the roadway is divided into four types: the support method in which the support force acts on the surface of the roadway surrounding rock, the support method in which the support force not only acts on the surface of the surrounding rock, but also acts on the interior of the surrounding rock, and improves the roadway. The mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, the reinforcement method to improve the strength of the surrounding rock, the improvement of the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway, so that the roadway is in the stress reduction area, generally speaking, it is to improve the support strength of all the surrounding rock within the support range, which can be attributed to rigid support . For complex and difficult roadways, high-strength and high-prestressed bolt combinations are required, and it is not suitable for large deformation of roadways. According to the research, rational use of cracks and cavities is of great significance for controlling deformation of soft rock roadways and for the field of support.
我国煤矿锚杆支护技术经历了从低强度、高强度到高预应力、强力支护的发展过程。早期采用的锚杆支护强度刚度低,支护原理上仍属于被动支护。1996—1997年我国引进了澳大利亚锚杆支护技术,高强度锚杆支护技术得到广泛认可。2005年以来,为解决深部高地应力、受强烈采动影响、沿空留巷等复杂困难巷道支护难题,又开发出高预应力、强力锚杆与锚索支护技术,大幅度减少了巷道围岩变形与破坏。现有锚杆支护方式均是通过增加锚杆锚固力及强度，改善锚固区域岩石力学性质和应力状态，控制围岩破坏和变形来抵抗大变形，增大锚杆强度控制围岩变形，这种刚性支护这对锚杆性能要求较高。my country's coal mine bolt support technology has experienced a development process from low strength and high strength to high prestress and strong support. The bolt support adopted in the early stage has low strength and rigidity, and the support is still a passive support in principle. From 1996 to 1997, my country introduced Australian bolting technology, and high-strength bolting technology has been widely recognized. Since 2005, in order to solve complex and difficult roadway support problems such as deep high ground stress, impacted by strong mining, and gob-side entry retention, high prestressed, strong anchor rod and anchor cable support technologies have been developed, which has greatly reduced roadway support. Deformation and destruction of surrounding rock. The existing bolt support methods all increase the anchoring force and strength of the bolt, improve the mechanical properties and stress state of the rock in the anchorage area, control the damage and deformation of the surrounding rock to resist large deformation, and increase the strength of the bolt to control the deformation of the surrounding rock. This kind of rigid support has higher requirements on the performance of the anchor rod.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对上述不足，提出了一种通过补打钻孔，并根据实际情况需要进行多次补充钻孔，增大巷道临空区变形时缓冲范围，合理利用裂隙孔洞控制巷道变形，有效提高巷道抗变形能力新型降冲煤矿锚网支护方法。The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies, and proposes a method of re-drilling holes, and performing multiple supplementary drillings according to actual conditions, increasing the buffer range when the roadway adjacent area deforms, and rationally utilizing cracks and holes to control roadway deformation. A new bolt-mesh support method for downscouring coal mines that effectively improves the anti-deformation capacity of roadways.
本发明具体采用如下技术方案：The present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:
一种新型降冲煤矿锚网支护方法，A new type of anchor net support method in downwash coal mines,
在巷道的待加固区设置锚杆和锚索，其中锚索的长度延伸至巷道的塑性区外围岩深部稳定层内，锚杆的长度按照式(1)进行计算：Anchor rods and anchor cables are set in the area to be reinforced in the roadway, where the length of the anchor cables extends to the deep stable layer of rock outside the plastic zone of the roadway, and the length of the anchor rods is calculated according to formula (1):
L＝KH+L1+L2 (1)L＝KH+L 1 +L 2 (1)
其中，L：锚杆长度；H：冒落拱高度；K：安全系数，L1：锚杆锚入稳定岩层的深度，L2：锚杆在巷道中的外露长度，其中冒落拱高度按照式(2)计算：Among them, L: bolt length; H: height of caving arch; K: safety factor, L 1 : depth of bolt anchored into stable rock formation, L 2 : exposed length of bolt in roadway, among which the height of caving arch is according to Formula (2) calculation:
H＝B/2f (2)H=B/2f (2)
其中，B为巷道开掘宽度，f为岩石坚固性系数；Among them, B is the roadway excavation width, f is the rock solidity coefficient;
在锚杆的间排距之间补打钻孔，锚杆间排距通过公式(3)计算得到，Drill holes between the row spacing of the anchor rods, and the row spacing between the anchor rods is calculated by formula (3),
其中，a：锚杆间排距，Q：锚杆设计锚固力，r：被悬吊岩层的重力密度，K：安全系数。Among them, a: row spacing between bolts, Q: design anchoring force of bolts, r: gravity density of suspended rock formation, K: safety factor.
优选地，所述安全系数K取值为2。Preferably, the safety factor K takes a value of 2.
优选地，所述间排距相等。Preferably, the inter-row spacing is equal.
优选地，设置所述锚杆时，先对巷道的待加固区进行敲帮问顶，确认安全后，采用锚杆钻机打眼，锚杆眼打好后，将锚杆眼内的岩矸和积水清理干净。Preferably, when setting the bolt, first knock the roof of the area to be reinforced in the roadway, and after confirming the safety, use a bolt drill to drill holes. After the bolt hole is drilled, remove the rock gangue and accumulation The water cleans up.
优选地，所述锚杆采用快速安装工艺安装，安装时首先将两块树脂锚固剂送入眼底，把锚杆插入锚杆眼内，使锚杆顶住树脂锚固剂，采用帮部风动锚杆钻机将锚杆注入，待树脂凝固超过15秒后，将锚杆旋紧。Preferably, the anchor rod is installed using a quick installation process. During installation, two pieces of resin anchoring agent are first sent into the fundus, and the anchor rod is inserted into the eye of the anchor rod so that the anchor rod withstands the resin anchoring agent. The rod drilling machine injects the anchor rod, and after the resin solidifies for more than 15 seconds, tighten the anchor rod.
优选地，所述锚杆钻机打眼时，在前探梁的掩护下进行操作。Preferably, when drilling, the rock bolter operates under the cover of the probe beam.
优选地，所述锚杆钻机打眼时，按照由外向里先顶后帮的顺序进行。Preferably, when the rock bolter drills holes, it is carried out in the order of topping first and then helping from the outside to the inside.
本发明具有如下有益效果：该方法利用孔洞裂隙增加巷道变形时缓冲作用起到降低巷道变形的效果，在锚网支护基础上适当增加锚索长度，使其深入到塑性区外的围岩深部稳定岩层内，取得较好的支护效果；同时通过在锚索间排距之间补打钻孔，并根据实际情况需要进行多次补充钻孔，增大巷道临空区变形时缓冲范围，有效提高巷道抗变形能力，一定程度上能够辅助降低冲击地压危害；本发明原理简单，成本低，试验周期短，操作简便，便于推广。The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the method uses holes and fissures to increase the buffering effect of roadway deformation to reduce roadway deformation, and properly increases the length of anchor cables on the basis of anchor net support to make them penetrate deep into the surrounding rock outside the plastic zone In the stable rock formation, a better support effect is achieved; at the same time, by drilling holes between the row spacing between the anchor cables, and performing multiple additional holes according to the actual situation, the buffer range when the roadway is deformed in the empty area is increased. The anti-deformation ability of the roadway is effectively improved, and to a certain extent, it can assist in reducing the hazard of rock burst; the invention has simple principle, low cost, short test period, simple operation and easy popularization.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为巷道支护结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the roadway support structure;
图2为图1中的A-A向巷道支护断面图；Fig. 2 is A-A to roadway support sectional view in Fig. 1;
其中，1为锚杆，2为锚索，3为钻孔，4为巷道。Wherein, 1 is an anchor rod, 2 is an anchor cable, 3 is a borehole, and 4 is a roadway.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明：The specific embodiment of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:
如图1和图2所示，一种新型降冲煤矿锚网支护方法，As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a new type of bolt-mesh support method in drop-down coal mines,
在巷道的待加固区设置锚杆和锚索，其中锚索的长度延伸至巷道的塑性区外围岩深部稳定层内，锚杆的长度按照式(1)进行计算：Anchor rods and anchor cables are set in the area to be reinforced in the roadway, where the length of the anchor cables extends to the deep stable layer of rock outside the plastic zone of the roadway, and the length of the anchor rods is calculated according to formula (1):
L＝KH+L1+L2 (1)L＝KH+L 1 +L 2 (1)
其中，L：锚杆长度；H：冒落拱高度；K：安全系数，L1：锚杆锚入稳定岩层的深度(一般按经验取0.5m)，L2：锚杆在巷道中的外露长度(一般取0.1m)，其中冒落拱高度按照式(2)计算：Among them, L: bolt length; H: caving arch height; K: safety factor, L 1 : depth of bolt anchoring into stable rock formation (generally 0.5m according to experience), L2: exposed length of bolt in roadway (Generally 0.1m), where the height of the caving arch is calculated according to formula (2):
H＝B/2f (2)H=B/2f (2)
其中，B为巷道开掘宽度，f为岩石坚固性系数；Among them, B is the roadway excavation width, f is the rock solidity coefficient;
在锚杆的间排距之间补打钻孔，锚杆间排距通过公式(3)计算得到，Drill holes between the row spacing of the anchor rods, and the row spacing between the anchor rods is calculated by formula (3),
其中，a：锚杆间排距，Q：锚杆设计锚固力(150KN/根)，r：被悬吊岩层的重力密度，K：安全系数。Among them, a: row spacing between bolts, Q: design anchoring force of bolts (150KN/root), r: gravity density of suspended rock formation, K: safety factor.
安全系数K一般取值为2，通常取间排距相等，有时可根据现场实际情况进行加密处理。The safety factor K generally takes a value of 2, which is usually equal to the row spacing, and sometimes can be encrypted according to the actual situation on site.
设置锚杆时，先对巷道的待加固区进行敲帮问顶，确认安全后，采用锚杆钻机打眼，用锚杆钻机打眼，锚杆眼的位置要准确，眼位误差不得超过规定范围，孔深按规程设计布置，锚杆眼打好后，将锚杆眼内的岩矸和积水清理干净。When setting the bolt, first tap the roof of the roadway to be reinforced. After confirming the safety, use the bolt drill to drill holes. The position of the bolt hole must be accurate, and the error of the eye position must not exceed the specified range. The hole depth is designed and arranged according to the regulations. After the bolt hole is drilled, the rock gangue and accumulated water in the bolt hole should be cleaned up.
锚杆采用快速安装工艺安装，安装时首先将两块树脂锚固剂送入眼底，把锚杆插入锚杆眼内，使锚杆顶住树脂锚固剂，采用帮部风动锚杆钻机将锚杆注入，待树脂凝固超过15秒后，将锚杆旋紧，保证螺帽对锚杆施加一定的预紧力。The anchor rod is installed by the quick installation process. When installing, first send two pieces of resin anchoring agent into the fundus, insert the anchor rod into the anchor rod hole, make the anchor rod resist the resin anchoring agent, and use the side pneumatic anchor drill rig to remove the anchor rod Injection, after the resin has solidified for more than 15 seconds, tighten the anchor rod to ensure that the nut exerts a certain pre-tightening force on the anchor rod.
锚杆钻机打眼时，在前探梁的掩护下进行操作，锚杆钻机打眼时，按照由外向里先顶后帮的顺序进行。When the bolter drills holes, it is operated under the cover of the front probe beam. When the bolter drills holes, it is carried out in the order of topping first and then helping from the outside to the inside.
新型降冲煤矿锚网支护方法，在传统锚杆锚索支护基础上，适当增加其长度，使其深入破碎区意外稳定区域，实现其悬吊能力。在锚杆、锚索间排距之间补打钻孔，增加巷道临空侧的破碎程度，增大巷道临空区变形时缓冲范围，有效提高巷道抗变形能力，利用裂隙孔洞改善支护效果，一定程度上能够辅助降低冲击地压危害。The new bolt-mesh support method for drop-down coal mines, on the basis of the traditional bolt and cable support, appropriately increases its length so that it can go deep into the unexpected stable area of the crushing area and realize its suspension capacity. Drill holes between the anchor rods and the distance between the anchor cables to increase the degree of fragmentation on the airside side of the roadway, increase the buffer range when the roadway is deformed in the airside area, effectively improve the deformation resistance of the roadway, and improve the support effect by using cracks and holes , to a certain extent can assist in reducing the hazards of rock burst.
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。Of course, the above descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention shall also belong to the present invention. protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
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