CN107860371B - A freely retractable ocean profile observation device and method based on large buoys - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a free telescopic ocean profile observation device and method based on a large buoy, comprising a free telescopic device, an underwater observation module, a data acquisition control module, a power supply module, a communication module and a data receiving and processing module; the free telescopic device is used for providing power for underwater profile observation and accurately positioning each depth horizon; the underwater observation module is used for realizing the acquisition of water profile data by integrating and carrying various observation sensors; the data acquisition control module is used for intelligently controlling the action of the free telescopic device and the data acquisition of the underwater observation module according to sea conditions and forwarding the data to the communication module; the communication module is communicated with the data receiving and processing module of the land base station. The invention realizes the long-term, continuous, fixed-point and real-time observation of the environmental parameters of the ocean water body section in a certain range under the unattended condition by freely and accurately controlling the depth of layer of the underwater observation module, and breaks through the current situation that the existing real-time observation parameters are only limited to the surface layer of the ocean.

Description

A freely retractable ocean profile observation device and method based on large buoys

technical field

The invention relates to the field of ocean observation, in particular to a large-scale buoy-based freely retractable ocean multi-parameter profile observation device and method.

Background technique

Marine science is an observational science. At present, with the rapid development of observation technology, the method of acquiring marine data that the development of marine science relies on is changing from "investigation" to "observation". Realize all-round, all-weather three-dimensional monitoring of the marine environment, making the ocean that has not been fully explored into a "transparent" world. However, most of the marine environmental observations in my country are still supported by the periodic collection of element data of the ocean surface or limited water layer by ship navigation observation and station fixed-point observation technology. This is mainly due to the lack of effective technical means to implement continuous profile observation. With the improvement of people's demand for marine science cognition, it is difficult to obtain in-depth understanding of the physical, biological, chemical environment and other aspects of my country's vast sea areas only by relying on ships to periodically obtain observation data of the ocean surface or limited water layer. , can not meet the requirements of the development of modern marine science for all-round three-dimensional monitoring, and can not meet the needs of my country's marine economic development.

Although my country has made great progress in offshore observation and underwater observation system technology, most of them rely on ocean wave energy to provide power or glider technology, which has poor stability; It is transmitted back to the shore station in real time; since the situation of random fishing in my country's coastal waters is still relatively common, fishermen have a weak awareness of the protection of marine observation equipment, resulting in the frequent occurrence of various marine equipment being hit by fishing boats or dragged by fishing nets, which has seriously affected Continuous and efficient acquisition of observational data.

The invention is based on a large-scale disc-shaped marine data buoy with a diameter of 10 meters, which overcomes the shortcomings of complex marine environmental loads and insufficient energy supply, and at the same time uses the large-scale buoy as a significant marker to effectively reduce the risk of being damaged by fishing vessels, thereby solving the problem of The scientific research needs of long-term, continuous, fixed-point and real-time profile observation of a number of marine parameters in my country's offshore waters have the advantages of simple structure, safety and stability, and strong generalizability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a freely retractable marine multi-parameter profile observation device and method based on large buoys, and to use the large buoy as a carrier to provide sufficient power supply, provide a stable operating platform, integrate a variety of direct Reading hydrology, water quality parameters and other observation equipment, through the free and precise control of the depth position of the underwater observation module, to achieve long-term, continuous, and unattended monitoring of marine water profile environmental parameters within a certain water depth range. Fixed-point, real-time observation, breaking the status quo that the existing real-time observation parameters are limited to the surface position. The observation data is sent to the land base station through the communication module, so that the water body observation data can be viewed and processed in real time in the office.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to achieve the above purpose is: a freely retractable ocean profile observation device based on large buoys, comprising: a freely retractable device, an underwater observation module, a data acquisition control module, a power supply module, a communication module, a data Receive processing module;

Free telescopic device, installed in the buoy equipment well, is used to provide power and telescopic lifting function for underwater profile observation, and realize the acquisition of profile data;

The underwater observation module, installed at the lower end of the free retractable device, is equipped with a variety of ocean observation sensors, used to observe various underwater profile parameters, and transmit the profile parameters to the data acquisition control module;

The data acquisition control module is used to control the action of the free retractable device and the data acquisition of the underwater observation module according to the sea state, and forward the profile data collected by the underwater observation module to the communication module;

The communication module is used to communicate with the data receiving and processing module of the land base station through DTU or Beidou satellite;

The power supply module includes a battery and a solar panel connected to it; it is used for supplying power to the underwater observation module, the data acquisition control module, the communication module, and the winch of the free retractable device through the battery.

The free telescopic device includes an aquatic support frame, an underwater telescopic module, a winch, and a transmission cable, wherein the above-water support frame and the winch are respectively installed on the buoy body, and the underwater telescopic module includes a plurality of telescopic rods, each of which extends from the inside. The outer parts can be relatively telescopically plugged in sequence, the upper end of the telescopic rod of the outermost section is installed on the above-water support frame, the lower end of the telescopic rod of the innermost section is connected with the underwater observation module, and the transmission cable is connected to the underwater observation module. One end is connected to the winch, and the other end is connected to the underwater observation module through the interior of each telescopic rod; the lower end of the telescopic rod of the outermost section is provided with an outer locking device, and the innermost section of the telescopic rod is provided with an external locking device. The upper end of the telescopic rod is provided with an inner locking device, the upper end of each telescopic rod in the middle is provided with an inner locking device, and the lower end is provided with an outer locking device, and the inner locking device is located on the upper end of the inner telescopic rod of the two adjacent telescopic rods. When extending, it abuts against the outer locking device located at the lower end of the outer telescopic rod, and the outer locking device located at the lower end of the inner telescopic rod among the two adjacent telescopic rods locks with the outer locking device located at the lower end of the outer telescopic rod when retracted. device abuts.

The inner locking device is located outside the upper end of the telescopic rod, and is a plurality of inner locking bars, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the telescopic rod; each of the inner locking bars is parallel and parallel to the axial center of the telescopic rod The length of each of the inner locking bars is equal.

The inner locking device is an inner locking ring installed on the outer side of the upper end of the telescopic rod.

The outer locking device is located on the inner side of the lower end of the telescopic rod, and is a plurality of outer locking strips, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the telescopic rod; the outer locking strips are parallel and parallel to the axial centerline of the telescopic rod , the lengths of the outer locking bars are equal.

The outer locking device is an outer locking ring installed at the lower end of the telescopic rod. The axial section of the outer locking ring is a hollow and inverted "T" shape, and the vertical side of the "T" shape is located in the lower end of the telescopic rod. The edge is located below the lower end of the telescopic rod.

The lower end of the telescopic rod of the innermost section is connected to the underwater observation module through an end connector, and the other end of the transmission cable is connected to the end connector; the telescopic rod of the outermost section is connected to the underwater observation module. The upper end of the telescopic rod passes through the buoy body and is installed on the water support frame. A filler is provided between the outer wall of the telescopic rod of the outermost section and the buoy body to prevent the underwater telescopic module from shaking during the expansion and contraction process.

A freely retractable ocean profile observation method based on large buoys, comprising the following steps:

1) The data acquisition control module obtains the current sea state by reading the marine environment parameters collected by the buoy body in real time and the attitude parameters of the buoy body itself;

2) When the current sea state does not exceed the third-level sea state, the data acquisition control module judges that the current state is normal, controls the free expansion device to lower the underwater telescopic module, and controls the lowering speed of the underwater observation module according to the real-time sea state: the current sea state is one. When the current sea state is the second sea state, the underwater observation module is controlled to be released and recovered at the speed V2; when the current sea state is the third sea state, the underwater observation module is controlled to be released and recovered at the speed V2. Velocity V3 decentralization and recovery; where V1<V2<V3;

The underwater observation module continuously collects profile data of different water depths; the data acquisition control module transmits the underwater profile data observed by the underwater observation module back to the land base station through the communication module; the data receiving and processing module of the land base station receives the underwater profile data and stores it ,show;

3) When the current sea state exceeds the third-level sea state, the data acquisition control module judges that the current is in a dangerous state, and controls the free retractable device to recover the underwater retractable module, so that the free retractable device retracts into the buoy equipment well.

The data acquisition control module controls the free retractable device to lower the underwater retractable module, including the following steps:

The data acquisition control module controls the start of the winch and loosens the transmission cable. Under the combined action of the underwater telescopic module's own gravity and the underwater observation module's own gravity, the underwater telescopic module and the underwater observation module descend with the rotation of the winch;

When one telescopic rod descends to a set level, the inner locking device automatically supports the top of the outer locking device of the next telescopic rod, so that the inner telescopic rod does not descend any more.

The recovery of the underwater telescopic module by the free telescopic device includes the following steps:

The data acquisition control module controls the start of the winch and recovers the transmission cable, thereby driving the underwater observation module and the underwater telescopic module to rise with the recovery of the winch;

When the outer locking device rises with the telescopic rod of this section to the outer locking device at the bottom of the telescopic rod of the previous section, the telescopic rod of the previous section is raised together to realize recovery.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:

1. The free retractable device of the present invention can freely and accurately control the underwater observation module to collect each water depth level, and realize effective observation of each level of the profile water body.

2. The present invention can break through the status quo that the power source of common profile observation is unstable, overcome the influence of complex marine environmental factors, and observe the profile water body by means of mechanical power.

3. According to the real-time environmental parameters obtained by the main buoy terminal, the present invention can intelligently judge whether the control profile observation device is working and control its working speed, thereby realizing the intelligent judgment function of the observation device adopting different observation schemes under different weather conditions.

4. Due to the advantages of the free retractable structure design, the present invention effectively avoids the phenomenon that the observation equipment is stuck due to the attachment of sea creatures in the ordinary ocean observation operation through the continuous telescopic movement.

5. The present invention has the advantages of strong expansibility, low technical threshold for maintenance personnel, and strong technical popularization in the offshore areas of my country.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the extension state of the free expansion and contraction device;

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the recovery state of the free retractable device;

Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged view of A place in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view at B in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the general schematic diagram of the elongation state of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the overall schematic diagram of the recovery state of the overall structure of the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram of the workflow of the entire device of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the working route map of the whole device;

Among them, 1 is an underwater support frame, 2 is an underwater telescopic module, 201 is a watertight fastening bolt, 202 is an end connector, 203 is a fastening bolt, 204 is a telescopic rod, 205 is an inner locking device, and 206 is an outer lock device, 3 is the winch, 4 is the transmission cable, 5 is the underwater observation module, 6 is the buoy body, 11 is the free retractable device, 13 is the data acquisition control module, 14 is the power supply module, 15 is the communication module, and 16 is the data receiving processing module.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figures 5 to 8, a large-scale buoy-based freely retractable profile observation device includes a freely retractable device 11, an underwater observation module 5, a data acquisition control module 13, a power supply module 14, a communication module 15, and a data receiving and processing module. Module 16 , wherein the free expansion and contraction device 11 is composed of an above-water support frame 1 , an underwater telescopic module 2 , a winch 3 , and a transmission cable 4 . The data acquisition control module 13 is arranged inside the buoy body.

The present invention proposes a free-retractable marine multi-parameter profile observation method for the first time, wherein the free-retractable device 11 is responsible for providing lifting motion and power source for underwater profile observation, ensuring that the underwater observation module 5 rises and descends stably according to a predetermined procedure, so as to realize the observation of the profile. acquisition of data;

The underwater observation module 5 integrates a variety of element sensors and attitude parameter observation sensors, and is installed at the bottom of the underwater telescopic module 2. The lifting motion of the free telescopic device 11 drives it to perform multi-parameter data on different underwater water layers. Obtain;

The power supply module 14 supplies power to the entire system from the battery, and uses solar energy to supply power to the battery, ensuring a long-term and stable supply of electricity;

The data acquisition control module 13 is responsible for data acquisition, processing, storage, and transmission functions, and is responsible for intelligently judging and controlling the operation process of the entire set of devices, so as to realize the central control function of modularization, low power consumption, high performance and high reliability.

The present invention proposes the intelligent control function of the profile observation device for the first time. The data acquisition control module 13 performs intelligent analysis and judgment according to the marine environment parameters such as wind, waves and currents collected in real time by the main buoy body itself. Different thresholds are set for the attitude parameters of , according to different sea conditions, so according to the comparison of the above parameters and thresholds, the level of the current sea state is obtained. For example, when the wind speed, wave height, and flow velocity exceed their respective third-level thresholds, and the attitude parameters of the buoy itself also exceed the thresholds, it is considered that the current sea state exceeds the third-level sea state.

Control the lowering speed of the underwater observation module according to the real-time sea state: when the current sea state is the first-class sea state, control the underwater observation module 5 to lower and recover at the speed V1; when the current sea state is the second-class sea state, control the underwater observation module 5 to speed up V2 is released and recovered; when the current sea state is the third-level sea state, the underwater observation module 5 is controlled to be released and recovered at the speed V3; wherein, V1<V2<V3.

If the current sea state exceeds the third-level sea state, it is judged that the current state is dangerous, and an instruction is issued to the free retractable device 11 to recover the underwater retractable module 2, and temporarily enter the dormant state to wait for the sea conditions to improve to ensure the safety of the entire retractable device. If the current sea state does not exceed the third sea state, it is judged that the current state is normal. At this time, an instruction is issued to the free retractable device 11, and the underwater retractable module 2 is normally lowered to collect profile observation data of the water body.

The communication module 15 is responsible for sending the data of the water body profile observation to the data receiving and processing module 16 on the land;

The data receiving and processing module 16 is responsible for displaying, analyzing and storing the received profile data, so as to provide reliable data support for scientific research and the solution of major social and livelihood problems. Among them, the profile data is marine data such as hydrology and water quality at different water depths, including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, chlorophyll, pH, etc.

As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 , the present invention provides a freely retractable section observation device based on large buoys, including: a freely retractable device 11 , an underwater observation module 5 , a data acquisition control module 13 , a power supply module 14 , and a communication module 15. The data receiving and processing module 16, wherein the free expansion and contraction device 11 is composed of an above-water support frame 1, an underwater telescopic module 2, a winch 3, and a transmission cable 4.

The underwater support frame 1 ensures the safety of the underwater telescopic module 2 in the complex marine environment and the stability of the construction on the buoy body; the underwater telescopic module 2 pays attention to the underwater free expansion and contraction, anti-biological adhesion, and marine Reliability affected by environmental loads; the winch 3 considers power consumption and use stability, and the movement of the winch 3 works according to the instructions of the data acquisition control module 13; the transmission cable 4 not only provides tension but also is responsible for the underwater observation module 5 and the The signal transmission of the data acquisition control module 13 is a multi-functional cable integrating force, power supply and communication.

The free expansion and contraction device 11 is installed in the existing large-scale buoy equipment well, and can be extended or shortened, so as to achieve accurate underwater observation levels within a certain range of water depth.

The underwater observation module 5 is installed at the lowermost end of the underwater telescopic module 2, and realizes its own up and down with the movement of the underwater telescopic module 2, so as to realize real-time observation of each water depth level.

The underwater observation module 5 is a highly extensible equipment carrier, which can be equipped with various instruments and equipment required for profile observation to realize simultaneous observation of multiple marine environmental parameters, and the underwater observation module 5 integrates pressure sensors and attitudes. The sensor provides data support for the correction of the observation data and the intelligent judgment of the data acquisition control module 13 .

The power supply module 14 is powered by a combination of solar panels and batteries. The batteries provide energy for the whole set of devices such as the winch 3, the underwater observation module 5, and the data acquisition control module 13, while the solar panels can continuously supply energy to the batteries. So as to ensure the energy supply required for the long-term stable operation of the whole set of devices.

The data acquisition control module 13 can not only complete the functions of data acquisition, processing, storage and transmission, but also intelligently judge and control the operation process of the device, so as to realize the central control function of modularization, low power consumption, high performance and high reliability.

The data acquisition control module 13 controls the operation of the whole set of devices according to a certain sequence, and judges whether the current sea state exceeds the third sea state by reading the wind, wave, current and other marine environment parameters collected in real time by the main buoy body and intelligently analyzing it. If the current sea state exceeds the third sea state, Then, the data acquisition control module 13 judges that the current state is in a dangerous state, and issues an instruction to the free retractable device 11 to recover the underwater retractable module 2 to ensure the safety of the entire retractable device. If the current sea state does not exceed the third-level sea state, the data acquisition control module 13 judges that the current is in a normal working state, and sends an instruction to the free retractable device to normally lower the underwater retractable module 2. At the same time, the underwater observation module 5 continuously collects and obtains the profile of the water body. various observation parameters.

The communication module 15 transmits the underwater profile data observed by the whole set of devices back to the land base station by means of DTU (CDMA or GPRS) or "Beidou" satellite.

The data receiving and processing module 16 receives the data returned by the communication module 15, performs real-time verification on the received data through corresponding software, parses and processes the correct data in real time, and conducts visual display through corresponding analysis to ensure that scientists can work in real time in the office. See Processing ocean profile observations.

As shown in Figures 1-4, the free expansion and contraction device 11 includes a water support frame 1, an underwater telescopic module 2, a winch 3, and a transmission cable 4, wherein the water support frame 1 and the winch 3 are respectively installed on the buoy body 6, and the winch 3 and the winch 3 are respectively installed on the buoy body 6. The water support frame 1 is adjacent, and the water support frame 1 is fixed in the equipment well of the buoy body 6, so as to ensure that the whole set of free expansion and contraction device has a solid structure and safe and stable operation.

The underwater telescopic module 2 includes watertight fastening bolts 201, end connectors 202, fastening bolts 203 and multi-section telescopic rods 204 (six sections in this embodiment). They can be inserted and connected relatively telescopically in sequence (that is, the diameter of each telescopic rod 204 gradually increases from the inside to the outside). Using the existing equipment well on the buoy body 6, the upper end of the telescopic rod 204 of the outermost section passes through the equipment well on the buoy body 6 and is installed on the water support frame 1. A filler is provided between the outer wall and the well wall of the buoy body 6 to avoid shaking of the underwater telescopic module 2 during the expansion and contraction process. The lower end of the telescopic rod 204 of the innermost section can be directly connected to the underwater observation module 5, or can be connected to the underwater observation module 5 through the end connector 202; one end of the transmission cable 4 is connected to the winch 3, and the other end is connected to the winch 3. The interior of each telescopic rod 204 is connected to the underwater observation carrier 5 , or connected to the end connecting piece 202 . The lower end of the telescopic rod 204 of the innermost section in this embodiment is connected to the underwater observation module 5 through the end connector 202, and the end connector 202 is connected to the underwater observation module 5 through the fastening bolt 203. The transmission cable The other end of 4 is fastened by the watertight fastening bolt 201 and the end connector 202. At the same time, the watertight fastening bolt 201 is used as a main stress point. The winch 3 pulls the transmission cable 4, and drives the underwater telescopic module 2 to rise and rise. down, so as to realize the multi-parameter observation of the entire water body of the profile by the underwater observation module 5 .

The lower end of the telescopic rod 204 of the outermost section is provided with an outer locking device 206, the upper end of the telescopic rod 204 of the innermost section is provided with an inner locking device 205, and the upper ends of the telescopic rods 204 of the middle sections are provided with internal locking devices The device 205 and the lower end are both provided with an outer locking device 206, and the inner locking device 205 located at the upper end of the inner telescopic rod 204 of the two adjacent telescopic rods 204 is connected with the outer locking device 205 located at the lower end of the outer telescopic rod 204 during extension. Abutting, the outer locking device 206 located at the lower end of the inner telescopic rod 204 among the two adjacent telescopic rods 204 abuts against the outer locking device 205 located at the lower end of the outer telescopic rod 204 during recovery.

The inner locking device 205 is located outside the upper end of the telescopic rod 204 , and can be a plurality of inner locking bars, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the telescopic rod 204 . The inner locking bars are parallel and parallel to the axial centerline of the telescopic rod 204, and the lengths of the inner locking bars are equal. Alternatively, the inner locking device 205 may be an inner locking ring installed on the outer side of the upper end of the telescopic rod 204 .

The outer locking device 206 is located inside the lower end of the telescopic rod 204 , and is a plurality of outer locking bars, which are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the telescopic rod 204 . The outer locking bars are parallel and parallel to the axial centerline of the telescopic rod 204 , and the lengths of the outer locking bars are equal. Alternatively, the outer locking device 206 is an outer locking ring installed at the lower end of the telescopic rod 204, the axial section of the outer locking ring is a hollow inverted "T" shape, and the vertical side of the "T" shape is located in the lower end of the telescopic rod 204, The transverse edge is located below the lower end of the telescopic rod 204 .

When the inner locking device 205 is an inner locking bar and the outer locking device 206 is an outer locking bar, the numbers of the inner locking bars and the outer locking bars are the same and correspond one by one up and down. In this case, the underwater telescopic module 2 should make the outer surface of the inner locking device 205 abut against the inner wall of the previous telescopic rod 204 to ensure that the telescopic rods 204 can only be stretched and cannot rotate relative to each other.

The underwater telescopic module 2 greatly reduces the risk of marine organisms attaching, and ensures the safety and stability of the operation of the overall free telescopic device. The transmission cable 4 integrates the functions of bearing tension, power supply, and signal transmission, and is responsible for the elongation and recovery of the underwater telescopic module 2, and is also responsible for providing power supply for the underwater observation module 5. Multi-parameter profile data is returned. The underwater observation module 5 is in the prior art, including a carrier and observation equipment installed on the carrier to observe hydrology, water quality parameters, and the like.

The working principle of the free retractable device 11 is as follows:

When the winch 3 rotates forward, the transmission cable 4 is tightened, the underwater telescopic module 2 is recovered, and the whole set of free expansion and contraction device is in the recovery state; when the winch 3 is reversed, the transmission cable 4 is loosened, and the underwater telescopic module 2 observes the module underwater. 5. It stretches under the action of its own gravity and realizes the observation of the water profile. Specifically:

The work of the free retractable device 11 is divided into two stages of observation process, a descending stage and an ascending stage.

Descending stage: the winch 3 starts and the transmission cable 4 is loosened. Due to the loosening of the transmission cable 4, under the combined action of the underwater telescopic module 2's own gravity and the underwater observation module 5's own gravity, the underwater telescopic module 2 and the underwater observation module 5 Slowly descend with the turning rhythm of winch 3. As shown in FIG. 4 , each telescopic rod 204 is provided with an inner locking device 205 for clamping the telescopic rod 204 of the next section. When a section of the telescopic rod 204 descends to a set level, the inner locking device 205 automatically bears against the top of the outer locking device 206 of the next telescopic rod 204, so that the inner telescopic rod 204 does not descend any more. At the same time, in the process of this slow descent, the underwater observation module 5 also collects various parameter data of each profile layer according to its own operating frequency, and uploads the profile data to the corresponding device inside the buoy body 6 via the transmission cable 4 .

Ascending stage: the winch 3 is started, the transmission cable 4 is tightened, and the transmission cable 4 is tightened to drive the underwater observation module 5 and the underwater telescopic module 2 to rise with the tightening of the winch 3. The recovery state is shown in Figure 2. Each telescopic rod 204 is provided with an external locking device 206. When the underwater telescopic module 2 is recovered, the external locking device 206 rises with the telescopic rod 204 of the current section to an external locking device that bears against the bottom of the telescopic rod 204 of the previous section. At 206, the telescopic rod 204 of the previous section is raised together, so as to achieve the purpose of overall recovery. At the same time, the underwater observation module 5 continuously collects various parameter data of each profile horizon, uploads the profile data to the inside of the buoy body 6 via the transmission cable 4 and sends it back to the land base station.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a free telescopic ocean section observation device based on large-scale buoy which characterized in that includes: the underwater observation device comprises a free telescopic device (11), an underwater observation module (5), a data acquisition control module (13), a power supply module (14), a communication module (15) and a data receiving and processing module (16);

the free telescopic device (11) is arranged in the buoy equipment well and used for providing power and telescopic lifting functions for underwater profile observation and realizing acquisition of profile data;

the underwater observation module (5) is arranged at the lower end of the free telescopic device (11), carries a plurality of ocean observation sensors and is used for observing various underwater section parameters and transmitting the section parameters to the data acquisition control module (14);

the data acquisition control module (14) is used for controlling the action of the free telescopic device (11) and the data acquisition of the underwater observation module (5) according to sea conditions and forwarding the section data acquired by the underwater observation module (5) to the communication module (15);

the communication module (15) is used for communicating with the data receiving and processing module (16) of the land base station through a DTU (digital television Unit) or a Beidou satellite;

the power supply module (14) comprises a storage battery and a solar panel connected with the storage battery; the winch (3) is used for supplying power to the underwater observation module (5), the data acquisition control module (13), the communication module (15) and the free telescopic device (11) through the storage battery;

the free telescopic device (11) comprises an overwater support frame (1), an underwater telescopic module (2), a winch (3) and a transmission cable (4), wherein the overwater support frame (1) and the winch (3) are respectively installed on a buoy body (6), the underwater telescopic module (2) comprises a plurality of telescopic rods (204), each telescopic rod (204) is inserted from inside to outside in a relatively telescopic manner, the upper end of the telescopic rod (204) at the outermost layer is installed on the overwater support frame (1), the lower end of the telescopic rod (204) at the innermost layer is connected with the underwater observation module (5), one end of the transmission cable (4) is connected to the winch (3), and the other end of the transmission cable penetrates through the inside of each telescopic rod (204) and is connected with the underwater observation module (5); the lower extreme of outermost one section of telescopic link (204) is equipped with outer locking device (206), the upper end of innermost one section of telescopic link (204) is equipped with interior locking device (205), the upper end of each section of telescopic link (204) in the middle all is equipped with interior locking device (205), the lower extreme all is equipped with outer locking device (206), interior locking device (205) that lie in the telescopic link (204) upper end of inlayer in two adjacent telescopic links (204) when the extension with lie in outer locking device (205) butt of outer telescopic link (204) lower extreme, lie in outer locking device (206) of the telescopic link (204) lower extreme of inlayer in two adjacent telescopic links (204) when retrieving with lie in outer locking device (205) butt of outer telescopic link (204) lower extreme.

2. The free telescopic ocean profile observation device based on the large buoy according to claim 1, wherein: the inner locking devices (205) are positioned on the outer side of the upper end of the telescopic rod (204), are a plurality of inner locking strips and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the telescopic rod (204); the inner locking bars are parallel and parallel to the axial center line of the telescopic rod (204), and the lengths of the inner locking bars are equal.

3. A large buoy based free telescopic ocean profile observation device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the inner locking device (205) is an inner locking ring arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the telescopic rod (204).

4. The free telescopic ocean profile observation device based on the large buoy according to claim 1, wherein: the outer locking devices (206) are positioned on the inner side of the lower end of the telescopic rod (204), are a plurality of outer locking strips and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the telescopic rod (204); the outer locking bars are parallel and parallel to the axial center line of the telescopic rod (204), and the lengths of the outer locking bars are equal.

5. A large buoy based free telescopic ocean profile observation device as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the external locking device (206) is an external locking ring arranged at the lower end of the telescopic rod (204), the axial section of the external locking ring is in a hollow inverted T shape, the vertical edge of the T shape is positioned in the lower end of the telescopic rod (204), and the transverse edge is positioned below the end part of the lower end of the telescopic rod (204).

6. The free telescopic ocean profile observation device based on the large buoy according to claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the telescopic rod (204) of the innermost layer is connected with the underwater observation module (5) through an end part connecting piece (202), and the other end of the transmission cable (4) is connected to the end part connecting piece (202); the upper end of the outermost section of telescopic rod (204) penetrates through the buoy body (6) and is installed on the water supporting frame (1), and fillers for preventing the underwater telescopic module (2) from shaking in the telescopic process are arranged between the outer wall of the outermost section of telescopic rod (204) and the buoy body (6).

7. An observation method of a free telescopic ocean profile observation device based on a large buoy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) the data acquisition control module (14) obtains the current sea condition by reading the marine environment parameters acquired by the buoy body (6) in real time and the self attitude parameters of the buoy body (6);

2) when the current sea state does not exceed the three-level sea state, the data acquisition control module (14) judges that the current is the normal working state, controls the free telescopic device (11) to transfer the underwater telescopic module (2), and controls the transfer speed of the underwater observation module (5) according to the real-time sea state: when the current sea state is the first-level sea state, controlling the underwater observation module (5) to be lowered and recovered at a speed V1; when the current sea state is a second-level sea state, controlling the underwater observation module (5) to be released and recovered at a speed V2; when the current sea state is a three-level sea state, controlling the underwater observation module (5) to be lowered and recovered at a speed V3; wherein V1< V2< V3;

the underwater observation module (5) continuously collects profile data of different water depths; the data acquisition control module (14) transmits the underwater profile data observed by the underwater observation module (5) back to the land base station through the communication module; a data receiving and processing module (16) of the land base station receives, stores and displays the underwater profile data;

3) when the current sea condition exceeds the three-level sea condition, the data acquisition control module (14) judges that the current sea condition is a dangerous state, controls the free telescopic device (11) to recover the underwater telescopic module (2), and enables the free telescopic device (11) to retract into the buoy equipment well.

8. Observation method of a free telescopic ocean profile observation device based on a large buoy according to claim 7, characterized in that the data acquisition control module (14) controls the free telescopic device (11) to lower the underwater telescopic module (2) comprises the following steps:

the data acquisition control module controls the winch (3) to start, the transmission cable (4) is loosened, and the underwater telescopic module (2) and the underwater observation module (5) descend along with the rotation of the winch (3) under the combined action of the self gravity of the underwater telescopic module (2) and the self gravity of the underwater observation module (5);

when one section of the telescopic rod (204) descends to a set degree, the internal locking device (205) automatically jacks the top end of the external locking device of the next section of the telescopic rod, so that the telescopic rod at the inner layer does not descend any more.

9. Observation method of a free telescopic ocean profile observation device based on a large buoy according to claim 7, characterized in that the free telescopic device (11) recovering underwater telescopic module (2) comprises the following steps:

the data acquisition control module controls the winch (3) to start and recovers the transmission cable (4), so that the underwater observation module (5) and the underwater telescopic module (2) are driven to ascend along with the recovery of the winch (3);

when the external locking device (206) rises along with the telescopic rod (204) to the external locking device which is propped against the bottom of the previous telescopic rod, the previous telescopic rod rises together to realize recovery.

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