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CN107805384A - 一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠‑聚氨酯泡沫复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠‑聚氨酯泡沫复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107805384A
CN107805384A CN201711202690.9A CN201711202690A CN107805384A CN 107805384 A CN107805384 A CN 107805384A CN 201711202690 A CN201711202690 A CN 201711202690A CN 107805384 A CN107805384 A CN 107805384A
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠‑聚氨酯泡沫复合材料，及其制备工艺，其特征在于，以小麦秸秆、玻化微珠、聚乙烯醇、石蜡、乳化剂OP‑10、丙烯酸单体、K2S2O8溶液、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、膨胀石墨、聚醚、辛酸亚锡、硅油、PAPI等为原料。用聚乙烯醇（PVA）对石蜡进行改性，PVA均匀的分布在石蜡中，形成立体的交联网状隔水膜，达到防水效果；以丙烯酸单体为改性介体，以K2S2O8为引发剂，以OP‑10为乳化剂，复合制备石蜡‑丙烯酸‑聚乙烯醇防水剂。用三聚氰胺甲醛树脂对聚磷酸铵进行包覆，得到不完全包覆的微胶囊化聚磷酸铵，将其与玻化微珠、膨胀石墨混合球磨，制得复合阻燃剂。

Description

一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域，具体涉及一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料，及其制备工艺。
背景技术
我国是农业生产大国，由此而产生大量的农作物秸秆，直接焚烧会引起严重的环境问题，如水土流失、荒漠化等。而将农作物秸秆在一定条件下，经过相应的处理可以实现广泛的应用。
张琳在其硕士学位论文《玻化微珠-小麦秸秆复合保温砂浆配制及性能研究》中，对小麦秸秆进行了碱处理，以玻化微珠和小麦秸秆为保温骨料，以粉煤灰和砂为掺和料，混合配制出保温隔热性能良好的新型保温砂浆，但是存在防水性能不足。
本发明用碱液对小麦秸秆进行浸泡处理，去除表面蜡质层，溶出秸秆中的糖类物质，保证其保温性能，提高秸秆与水泥基体的结合界面力，提高水泥胶砂的韧性。用聚乙烯醇（PVA）对石蜡进行改性，PVA能够均匀的分布在石蜡中，形成立体的交联网状隔水膜，达到防水效果；以丙烯酸单体为改性介体，以K2S2O8为引发剂，以OP-10为乳化剂，与前者复合制备石蜡-丙烯酸-聚乙烯醇防水剂。用三聚氰胺甲醛树脂对聚磷酸铵进行包覆，得到不完全包覆的微胶囊化聚磷酸铵，将其与玻化微珠、膨胀石墨混合球磨，制得复合阻燃剂。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料及其制备工艺，依照该工艺制备的复合材料阻燃效果好、保温性能佳。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
小麦秸秆15-25，玻化微珠20-30，聚乙烯醇6-10，石蜡5-8，乳化剂OP-10 2-3，丙烯酸单体3-6，K2S2O8溶液2-4，聚磷酸铵3-5，三聚氰胺甲醛树脂2-4，膨胀石墨2-5，聚醚20-30，辛酸亚锡3-4，硅油5-8，PAPI 4-7，NaOH溶液、乙醇、蒸馏水适量。
一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，按以下步骤进行：
a. 将小麦秸秆于40-60℃烘干至恒重，粉碎筛分处理，收集长度为0.1-0.5mm的，1:10-30浸入NaOH溶液中，浸泡处理5-10h后，过滤、水洗至中性，于100-110℃烘干备用；
b. 向聚乙烯醇中1:15-20加入蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，升温至80-90℃，加入石蜡，恒温搅拌1-2h，得A液，将乳化剂OP-10 1:10-20溶于蒸馏水，加入丙烯酸单体中，乳化30-50min，得B液，将A、B液混合，加入K2S2O8溶液，70-80℃搅拌反应3-5h，冷却至室温，即得复合防水剂；
c. 向聚磷酸铵中1:5:10-20加入乙醇和蒸馏水，搅拌分散均匀后，加入三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，调pH为4-5，加热至80-90℃搅拌反应1-2h，抽滤、洗涤、干燥得不完全包覆的微胶囊化聚磷酸铵，将其与玻化微珠、膨胀石墨混合球磨1-2h，过100-200目筛，待用；
d. 将聚醚、辛酸亚锡、硅油均匀混合，1:20-30加入PAPI、蒸馏水，搅拌5-10min，加入a、b、c中所得物料，继续搅拌10-20min，得到发泡基体，倒入模具中，将模塑后的样品放入70-80℃的烘箱中熟化15-20h，制得泡沫复合材料。
其中，步骤a中NaOH溶液的质量分数为3%-5%；步骤b中K2S2O8溶液浓度为1-3%；步骤d中聚醚是指聚醚多元醇(PLL)，为PPL403或PPL210；步骤d中PAPI为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
本发明的反应机理如下：
（1）用碱液对小麦秸秆进行浸泡处理，去除表面蜡质层，溶出秸秆中的糖类物质，保证其保温性能，提高秸秆与水泥基体的结合界面力，提高水泥胶砂的韧性。
（2）用聚乙烯醇（PVA）对石蜡进行改性，PVA能够均匀的分布在石蜡中，形成立体的交联网状隔水膜，达到防水效果；以丙烯酸单体为改性介体，以K2S2O8为引发剂，以OP-10为乳化剂，与前者复合制备石蜡-丙烯酸-聚乙烯醇防水剂。
（3）用三聚氰胺甲醛树脂对聚磷酸铵进行包覆，得到不完全包覆的微胶囊化聚磷酸铵，将其与玻化微珠、膨胀石墨混合球磨，制得复合阻燃剂。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例
一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料，由下述重量份(g)的原料制得：
小麦秸秆25，玻化微珠30，聚乙烯醇10，石蜡8，乳化剂OP-10 3，丙烯酸单体6，K2S2O8溶液4，聚磷酸铵5，三聚氰胺甲醛树脂4，膨胀石墨5，聚醚30，辛酸亚锡4，硅油8，PAPI 7，NaOH溶液、乙醇、蒸馏水适量。
一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料，其特征在于，按以下步骤进行：
a. 将小麦秸秆于50-60℃烘干至恒重，粉碎筛分处理，收集长度为0.1-0.5mm的，1:20浸入NaOH溶液中，浸泡处理8-10h后，过滤、水洗至中性，于100-110℃烘干备用；
b. 向聚乙烯醇中1:15加入蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，升温至80-90℃，加入石蜡，恒温搅拌1h，得A液，将乳化剂OP-10 1:20溶于蒸馏水，加入丙烯酸单体中，乳化40min，得B液，将A、B液混合，加入K2S2O8溶液，70-80℃搅拌反应5h，冷却至室温，即得复合防水剂；
c. 向聚磷酸铵中1:5:20加入乙醇和蒸馏水，搅拌分散均匀后，加入三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，调pH为4-5，加热至80-90℃搅拌反应2h，抽滤、洗涤、干燥得不完全包覆的微胶囊化聚磷酸铵，将其与玻化微珠、膨胀石墨混合球磨1h，过100-200目筛，待用；
d. 将聚醚、辛酸亚锡、硅油均匀混合，1:20加入PAPI、蒸馏水，搅拌5min，加入a、b、c中所得物料，继续搅拌10min，得到发泡基体，倒入模具中，将模塑后的样品放入70-80℃的烘箱中熟化15h，制得泡沫复合材料。

Claims (5)

1.一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料，其特征在于，由下述重量份的原料制得：
小麦秸秆15-25，玻化微珠20-30，聚乙烯醇6-10，石蜡5-8，乳化剂OP-10 2-3，丙烯酸单体3-6，K2S2O8溶液2-4，聚磷酸铵3-5，三聚氰胺甲醛树脂2-4，膨胀石墨2-5，聚醚20-30，辛酸亚锡3-4，硅油5-8，PAPI 4-7，NaOH溶液、乙醇、蒸馏水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，按以下步骤进行：
a. 将小麦秸秆于40-60℃烘干至恒重，粉碎筛分处理，收集长度为0.1-0.5mm的，1:10-30浸入NaOH溶液中，浸泡处理5-10h后，过滤、水洗至中性，于100-110℃烘干备用；
b. 向聚乙烯醇中1:15-20加入蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，升温至80-90℃，加入石蜡，恒温搅拌1-2h，得A液，将乳化剂OP-10 1:10-20溶于蒸馏水，加入丙烯酸单体中，乳化30-50min，得B液，将A、B液混合，加入K2S2O8溶液，70-80℃搅拌反应3-5h，冷却至室温，即得复合防水剂；
c. 向聚磷酸铵中1:5:10-20加入乙醇和蒸馏水，搅拌分散均匀后，加入三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，调pH为4-5，加热至80-90℃搅拌反应1-2h，抽滤、洗涤、干燥得不完全包覆的微胶囊化聚磷酸铵，将其与玻化微珠、膨胀石墨混合球磨1-2h，过100-200目筛，待用；
d. 将聚醚、辛酸亚锡、硅油均匀混合，1:20-30加入PAPI、蒸馏水，搅拌5-10min，加入a、b、c中所得物料，继续搅拌10-20min，得到发泡基体，倒入模具中，将模塑后的样品放入70-80℃的烘箱中熟化15-20h，制得泡沫复合材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤a中NaOH溶液的质量分数为3%-5%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤b中K2S2O8溶液浓度为1-3%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种阻燃保温的玻化微珠-聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤d中聚醚是指聚醚多元醇(PLL)，为PPL403或PPL210；步骤d中PAPI为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。
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