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CN107795643B - 一种变速器 - Google Patents

一种变速器 Download PDF

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CN107795643B
CN107795643B CN201710993132.2A CN201710993132A CN107795643B CN 107795643 B CN107795643 B CN 107795643B CN 201710993132 A CN201710993132 A CN 201710993132A CN 107795643 B CN107795643 B CN 107795643B
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gear
transmission
transmission gear
power
speed change
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CN107795643A (zh
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张新素
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Leidao Equipment Technology Shandong Co ltd
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Shandong Mai Clark Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
    • F16D48/0206—Control by fluid pressure in a system with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0204—Selector apparatus for automatic transmissions with means for range selection and manual shifting, e.g. range selector with tiptronic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/04—Ratio selector apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/14—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
    • F16H59/26—Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
    • F16D2048/0257—Hydraulic circuit layouts, i.e. details of hydraulic circuit elements or the arrangement thereof
    • F16D2048/0287—Hydraulic circuits combining clutch actuation and other hydraulic systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H2003/0811—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts using unsynchronised clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0938—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with multiple gears on the input shaft directly meshing with respective gears on the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36—Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H2059/366—Engine or motor speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2035—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with two engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2041—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with four engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2046—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with six engaging means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种变速器，包括输入轴、输出轴，输入轴上设置有动力齿轮a，输出轴上设置有至少两个输出齿轮，动力齿轮a与输出齿轮之间设置有变速机构，变速机构包括一级变速机构，一级变速机构包括传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b，传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b分别设置在动力齿轮a的两侧，传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b与动力齿轮a同轴，传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b与动力齿轮a之间都设置有离合器，传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b分别连接一个输出齿轮。换档时只需驱动不同的离合器与动力齿轮a、动力齿轮b、动力齿轮c贴合，即可直接完成换档，换档操作简单，容易操作，不会出现误操作，损坏变速器的情况；发动机空转时间短，有效提高了发动机的工作效率。

Description

一种变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及变速器技术领域，尤其涉及一种可直接换档的有级变速器。
背景技术
变速器是用于改变发动机转速和转矩的机构，它能固定或分档改变输出轴和输入轴传动比，又称变速箱。变速器分为有级式变速器、无级式变速器、综合式变速器，有级式变速器是目前使用最广的一种，它采用齿轮传动，具有若干个定值传动比，其成本低、故障率低且可承受大扭矩。
在实现本发明过程中，发明人发现现有技术中至少存在如下问题：现有的有级式变速器需要断开与发动机的连接后进行换档，换档完成后再连接发动机，操作繁琐、噪音大、换档难，一旦操作失误，不睬离合直接换档很容易损坏变速器齿轮，且该种换档方式会增加发动机空转时间，降低了传动效率。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，研制一种变速器，该变速器为有级式变速器，其换档操作简单，容易操作，不会出现误操作，损坏变速器的情况；发动机空转时间短，有效提高了发动机的工作效率。
本发明解决技术问题的技术方案为：一方面，本发明的实施例提供了一种变速器，包括输入轴、输出轴，输入轴上设置有动力齿轮a，输出轴上设置有至少两个输出齿轮，动力齿轮a与输出齿轮之间设置有变速机构，变速机构包括一级变速机构，一级变速机构包括传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b，传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b分别设置在动力齿轮a的两侧，传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b与动力齿轮a同轴，传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b与动力齿轮a之间都设置有离合器，传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b分别连接一个输出齿轮。
作为优化，所述变速器还包括转接轴a，转接轴a上设置有转接齿轮a，转接轴a连接动力机构的输出轴，转接齿轮a与动力齿轮a啮合。
作为优化，所述传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b与输出齿轮之间分别设置有二级变速机构a、二级变速机构b，二级变速机构a包括传动齿轮c、传动齿轮d、动力齿轮b，动力齿轮b安装在二级动力轴上，动力齿轮b与传动齿轮a连接，传动齿轮c、传动齿轮d分别设置在动力齿轮b的两侧，传动齿轮c、传动齿轮d、动力齿轮b同轴，传动齿轮c、传动齿轮d与动力齿轮b之间都设置有离合器；二级变速机构b包括传动齿轮e、传动齿轮f、动力齿轮c，动力齿轮c安装在二级动力轴上，动力齿轮c与传动齿轮b连接，传动齿轮e、传动齿轮f分别设置在动力齿轮c的两侧，传动齿轮e、传动齿轮f、动力齿轮c同轴，传动齿轮e、传动齿轮f与动力齿轮c之间都设置有离合器；传动齿轮c、传动齿轮d、传动齿轮e、传动齿轮f分别连接一个输出齿轮。
作为优化，所述一级变速机构与二级变速机构a、二级变速机构b之间设置有转接轴b，转接轴b上设置有转接齿轮b、转接齿轮c，转接齿轮b分别与传动齿轮b、动力齿轮c啮合，转接齿轮c分别与传动齿轮a、动力齿轮b啮合。
作为优化，所述二级变速机构a、二级变速机构b与输出齿轮之间还设置有三级变速机构。三级变速机构的结构参照二级变速机构a、二级变速机构b。
作为优化，所述离合器固定在传动齿轮a、传动齿轮b、传动齿轮c、传动齿轮d、传动齿轮e、传动齿轮f上，离合器的活塞正对动力齿轮a、动力齿轮b、动力齿轮c的端面。
作为优化，所述离合器通过液压驱动，所述变速器还配备有液压控制油路，液压控制油路包括液压泵、液压阀，离合器都设置有进油口，离合器的进油口通过液压阀连接液压泵。
作为优化，所述变速器还配备有自动换挡控制系统，自动换挡控制系统包括控制器、发动机转速传感器、手动自动切换开关、档位控制按钮，其中档位控制按钮包括空档按钮、倒档按钮、一档按钮、二档按钮，发动机转速传感器、手动自动切换开关、档位控制按钮、液压阀的控制端口都连接控制器。
作为优化，所述自动换挡控制系统还包括压力传感器，压力传感器连接车辆行走系统，压力传感器连接控制器。
发明内容中提供的效果仅仅是实施例的效果，而不是发明所有的全部效果，上述技术方案具有如下优点或有益效果：
1.通过设置变速机构，换档时只需驱动不同的离合器与动力齿轮a、动力齿轮b、动力齿轮c贴合，即可直接完成换档，换档操作简单，容易操作，不会出现误操作，损坏变速器的情况；发动机空转时间短，有效提高了发动机的工作效率。
2.通过设置液压控制油路，可同时实现对多个离合器的控制，简化了换档操作步骤。
3.通过设置自动换挡控制系统，可同时实现对多个离合器的控制，简化了换档操作步骤。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一种实施例的结构原理图。
图2为本发明第二种实施例的结构原理图。
图3为本发明第三种实施例的结构原理图。
图4为本发明第三种实施例的液压控制油路原理图。
图5为本发明第三种实施例的自动换挡控制系统原理图。
具体实施方式
为了能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，并结合其附图，对本发明进行详细阐述。下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施例或例子用来实现本发明的不同结构。为了简化本发明的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。此外，本发明可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或字母。这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施例和/或设置之间的关系。应当注意，在附图中所图示的部件不一定按比例绘制。本发明省略了对公知组件和处理技术及工艺的描述以避免不必要地限制本发明。
图1为本发明的一种实施例，如图所示，一种变速器，包括输入轴1、输出轴2，输入轴1上设置有动力齿轮a11，输出轴2上设置有至少两个输出齿轮21，动力齿轮a11与输出齿轮21之间设置有变速机构3，变速机构3包括一级变速机构31，一级变速机构31包括传动齿轮a311、传动齿轮b312，传动齿轮a311、传动齿轮b312分别设置在动力齿轮a11的两侧，传动齿轮a311、传动齿轮b312与动力齿轮a11同轴，传动齿轮a311、传动齿轮b312与动力齿轮a11之间都设置有离合器313，传动齿轮a311、传动齿轮b312分别连接一个输出齿轮21。通过设置变速机构3，换档时只需驱动不同的离合器313与动力齿轮a11贴合，即可直接完成换档，换档操作简单，容易操作，不会出现误操作，损坏变速器的情况；发动机空转时间短，有效提高了发动机的工作效率。
图2为本发明的另一种实施例，其与第一实施例的区别在于：所述变速器还包括转接轴a4，转接轴a4上设置有转接齿轮a41，转接轴a4连接动力机构的输出轴，转接齿轮a41与动力齿轮a11啮合。
图3至图5为本发明的第三种实施例，其与第二种实施例的区别在于：所述传动齿轮a311、传动齿轮b312与输出齿轮21之间分别设置有二级变速机构a32、二级变速机构b33，二级变速机构a32包括传动齿轮c321、传动齿轮d322、动力齿轮b323，动力齿轮b323安装在二级动力轴34上，动力齿轮b323与传动齿轮a311连接，传动齿轮c321、传动齿轮d322分别设置在动力齿轮b323的两侧，传动齿轮c321、传动齿轮d322、动力齿轮b323同轴，传动齿轮c321、传动齿轮d322与动力齿轮b323之间都设置有离合器313；二级变速机构b33包括传动齿轮e331、传动齿轮f332、动力齿轮c333，动力齿轮c333安装在二级动力轴34上，动力齿轮c333与传动齿轮b312连接，传动齿轮e331、传动齿轮f332分别设置在动力齿轮c333的两侧，传动齿轮e331、传动齿轮f332、动力齿轮c333同轴，传动齿轮e331、传动齿轮f332与动力齿轮c333之间都设置有离合器313；传动齿轮c321、传动齿轮d322、传动齿轮e331、传动齿轮f332分别连接一个输出齿轮21。
所述一级变速机构31与二级变速机构a32、二级变速机构b33之间设置有转接轴b5，转接轴b5上设置有转接齿轮b51、转接齿轮c52，转接齿轮b51分别与传动齿轮b312、动力齿轮c333啮合，转接齿轮c52分别与传动齿轮a311、动力齿轮b323啮合。
所述离合器313固定在传动齿轮a311、传动齿轮b312、传动齿轮c321、传动齿轮d322、传动齿轮e331、传动齿轮f332上，离合器313的活塞正对动力齿轮a11、动力齿轮b323、动力齿轮c333的端面。
如图4所示，所述离合器313通过液压驱动，所述变速器还配备有液压控制油路，液压控制油路包括液压泵、液压阀6，离合器313都设置有进油口，离合器313的进油口通过液压阀连接液压泵。传动齿轮a311、传动齿轮b312、传动齿轮c321、传动齿轮d322、传动齿轮e331、传动齿轮f332上的离合器分别定义为离合器a3131、离合器b3132、离合器c3133、离合器d3134、离合器e3135、离合器f3136，离合器a3131与离合器b3132、离合器c3133与离合器d3134、离合器e3135与离合器f3136分别通过三位四通阀a61、三位四通阀b62、三位四通阀c63连接液压泵、油箱。通过设置液压控制油路，可同时实现对多个离合器313的控制，简化了换档操作步骤。
如图5所示，所述变速器还配备有自动换挡控制系统，自动换挡控制系统包括控制器、发动机转速传感器、手动自动切换开关、档位控制按钮，其中档位控制按钮包括空档按钮、倒档按钮、一档按钮、二档按钮，发动机转速传感器、手动自动切换开关、档位控制按钮、液压阀6的控制端口都连接控制器。通过设置自动换挡控制系统，可同时实现对多个离合器313的控制，简化了换档操作步骤。
所述自动换挡控制系统还包括压力传感器，压力传感器连接车辆行走系统，压力传感器连接控制器。自动变速控制：行驶过程中，控制器根据发动机转速，行走系统中的压力进行档位的自动切换：例如，1、在行驶过程中发动机转速超过1500r/min，系统压力低于160bar时，ECU控制伺服阀自动一档切换二档，否则在一档位置行驶。2、在行驶过程中发动机转速超过1500r/min，系统压力超过160bar时，ECU控制伺服阀自动二档切换一档，否则在二档位置行驶。发动机转速低于800r/min，行走系统压力低于20bar时变速器档位处于空档位置。手动控制时，各档位可手动设置，无须停车切换。
上述虽然结合附图对发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (7)

1.一种变速器，包括输入轴(1)、输出轴(2)，输入轴(1)上设置有动力齿轮a(11)，输出轴(2)上设置有至少两个输出齿轮(21)，其特征是：动力齿轮a(11)与输出齿轮(21)之间设置有变速机构(3)，变速机构(3)包括一级变速机构(31)，一级变速机构(31)包括传动齿轮a(311)、传动齿轮b(312)，传动齿轮a(311)、传动齿轮b(312)分别设置在动力齿轮a(11)的两侧，传动齿轮a(311)、传动齿轮b(312)与动力齿轮a(11)同轴，传动齿轮a(311)、传动齿轮b(312)与动力齿轮a(11)之间都设置有离合器(313)，传动齿轮a(311)、传动齿轮b(312)分别连接一个输出齿轮(21)；所述传动齿轮a(311)、传动齿轮b(312)与输出齿轮(21)之间分别设置有二级变速机构a(32)、二级变速机构b(33)，二级变速机构a(32)包括传动齿轮c(321)、传动齿轮d(322)、动力齿轮b(323)，动力齿轮b(323)安装在二级动力轴(34)上，动力齿轮b(323)与传动齿轮a(311)连接，传动齿轮c(321)、传动齿轮d(322)分别设置在动力齿轮b(323)的两侧，传动齿轮c(321)、传动齿轮d(322)、动力齿轮b(323)同轴，传动齿轮c(321)、传动齿轮d(322)与动力齿轮b(323)之间都设置有离合器(313)；二级变速机构b(33)包括传动齿轮e(331)、传动齿轮f(332)、动力齿轮c(333)，动力齿轮c(333)安装在二级动力轴(34)上，动力齿轮c(333)与传动齿轮b(312)连接，传动齿轮e(331)、传动齿轮f(332)分别设置在动力齿轮c(333)的两侧，传动齿轮e(331)、传动齿轮f(332)、动力齿轮c(333)同轴，传动齿轮e(331)、传动齿轮f(332)与动力齿轮c(333)之间都设置有离合器(313)；传动齿轮c(321)、传动齿轮d(322)、传动齿轮e(331)、传动齿轮f(332)分别连接一个输出齿轮(21)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种变速器，其特征是，所述一级变速机构(31)与二级变速机构a(32)、二级变速机构b(33)之间设置有转接轴b(5)，转接轴b(5)上设置有转接齿轮b(51)、转接齿轮c(52)，转接齿轮b(51)分别与传动齿轮b(312)、动力齿轮c(333)啮合，转接齿轮c(52)分别与传动齿轮a(311)、动力齿轮b(323)啮合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种变速器，其特征是，所述二级变速机构a(32)、二级变速机构b(33)与输出齿轮(21)之间还设置有三级变速机构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种变速器，其特征是，所述离合器(313)固定在传动齿轮a(311)、传动齿轮b(312)、传动齿轮c(321)、传动齿轮d(322)、传动齿轮e(331)、传动齿轮f(332)上，离合器(313)的活塞正对动力齿轮a(11)、动力齿轮b(323)、动力齿轮c(333)的端面。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种变速器，其特征是，所述离合器(313)通过液压驱动，所述变速器还配备有液压控制油路，液压控制油路包括液压泵、液压阀(6)，离合器(313)都设置有进油口，离合器(313)的进油口通过液压阀连接液压泵。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种变速器，其特征是，所述变速器还配备有自动换挡控制系统，自动换挡控制系统包括控制器、发动机转速传感器、手动自动切换开关、档位控制按钮，其中档位控制按钮包括空档按钮、倒档按钮、一档按钮、二档按钮，发动机转速传感器、手动自动切换开关、档位控制按钮、液压阀(6)的控制端口都连接控制器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种变速器，其特征是，所述自动换挡控制系统还包括压力传感器，压力传感器连接车辆行走系统，压力传感器连接控制器。
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