CN107789356A - 一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂的组方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂的组方及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂的组方及其制备方法,它包括头孢噻呋、小檗碱、助悬剂和固体分散载体,经特殊工艺制备成的白色至类白色软膏。本发明具有制备工艺简单、复方成分稳定、含量释放平稳、易于推注、基质柔软等优点。因为该剂型是软膏剂,其与注射剂相比,拥有很多优点,比如具有生物利用度高、释放缓慢,作用时间长,经乳管填充入乳室后,可以在乳头孔处形成密封,可以防止细菌经乳头孔逆行侵入乳室等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽药制剂领域,特别涉及一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂组方及其制备方法。
背景技术
根据国际奶牛联合会的统计,20世纪70年代,奶牛乳房炎的发病率是20%,隐性乳房炎患病率为50%。在我国同期几个大城市对奶牛牛乳的检测表明,奶牛隐性乳房炎的检出率为20%-70%。20世纪80年代,我国有60%以上的奶牛都感染有隐性乳房炎,有30%-50%的乳区有隐性乳房炎。近年来,随着集约化养殖业的不断发展,抗生素预防和治疗水平的进一步深入,通过实行严格的泌乳期和干乳期乳房内抗生素预防和乳头药浴,奶牛隐性乳房炎的检出率有所下降,但由于奶牛乳房炎在分子水平上的发病机理和调控机制还不是十分清楚,所以还不能从根本上解决奶牛乳房炎的问题。
奶牛乳房炎多发生于产后哺乳期,其中最主要的因素是由多种非特定的病原微生物感染。传染性病原微生物定植于乳腺,主要包括无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、支原体等,引起的乳房炎易在牛乳区与牛群间传播流行。常见的环境性病原菌如牛乳房链球菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌、产气肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌以及放线菌等也是奶牛乳房炎发病的重要病原,这类病原菌常寄生在牛体表及周围环境中,易通过乳头进入乳头池引起感染。
奶牛干乳期提指奶牛监产前停止泌乳的一段时间。奶牛经过长期的泌乳和胎儿孕育,体内消耗了许多营养物质,对此只有通过一段时间停止泌乳,才能使其得到恢复和弥补,使胎儿得到更好地生长发育以及乳腺细胞的充分休息。干乳期对于奶牛是非常重要的时期,而在干乳期对乳房炎治疗也是乳房炎控制程序中最有效的一个阶段,当治疗干乳期疾病时,不必担忧药物残留,因为此期间它们并不泌乳,使用干乳药物来阻止微生物的感染,能够降低新的感染发生风险和修复损伤组织的作用。
现有专利技术中干乳期乳房注入剂,主药是中药,作用缓慢,疗效迟缓,而且有的组方中含有水份,长时间放置后,会出现分层,使用时要先振摇,对奶牛乳头没有保护的缺点。这种剂型主药混合不均匀,易导致局部药量过大,或因破乳导致含量降低,温度降低后有不溶结晶物析出等诸多问题。还有的专利是盐酸头孢噻呋的混悬注射液,此种剂型是不能用于奶牛干乳期乳房炎治疗的。本发明组方中含有双效成分,其中头孢噻呋和小檗碱可以同时作用于乳房内,使得乳房内细菌快速杀灭,增加制剂的疗效,使临床疗效更佳。
“一种用于防治奶牛乳房炎的干奶牛乳房灌注剂及其制备方法(CN 1286463C;公开日:2005年9月14日)”的剂型为灌注剂,该溶液剂配制工艺中需要聚山梨醇,水等,存在有效成分破乳后容易破坏,运输储存条件要求高,而且对奶牛乳头起不到保护等缺点。
“复方头孢噻呋油混悬注射液制备工艺(101406447A;公开日:2009-04-15)”,此专利制备剂型为混悬液,注入奶牛乳房中后原料容易沉降,易形成局部主药含量过高,在乳房内容易形成组织部分毒性蓄积。
“一种长效盐酸头孢噻呋注射液及其制备方法(101874773A;公开日:2010-11-03)”,此专利为单方长效型注射液,对于耐头孢噻呋单方的细菌,此种注射液临床疗效堪忧。
发明内容
基于上述原因,本发明提供了一种能有效治疗奶牛乳房炎的干乳期灌注剂,其处方组成为:
所述头孢噻呋选自盐酸头孢噻呋、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻呋酸和头孢噻呋乙酰氧基乙基酯中的一种或一种以上组合。
所述小檗碱选自盐酸小檗碱和硫酸小檗碱中的一种或一种以上组合。
所述助悬剂选自单硬脂酸铝,双硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸和硬脂酸甘油酯中的一种或一种以上组合。
所述固体分散载体选自白矿油、液体石蜡和椰子油中的一种或一种以上组合。
其制备包括如下技术步骤:
(1)将固体分散体加热并维持在120℃,放入助悬剂,二者混合,搅拌均匀,直到二者完全融合,溶液呈现透明澄清;
(2)将所得混合液在快速搅拌的过程中,迅速冷却至30℃,在其中加入头孢噻呋小檗碱无菌粉,经过局部高剪切机剪切,同时胶体磨研磨分散循环60min,使原料在载体中分散的均匀;
(2)经无菌密封包装,即得成品。
本发明主药是兽用第三代头孢类药物—头孢噻呋,其对金黄色葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌等致病菌有非常好的效果,而且本方为复方制剂,其复配小檗碱,对痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌、金葡菌、链球菌及伤寒杆菌都有作用。临床主要用于敏感菌的感染。小檗碱有较强的体内外抗肿瘤活性并能诱导B16细胞分化。
本发明为纯油性制剂,在奶牛的干乳期,乳头孔会形成不稳定栓,可以长期保护奶牛的乳房不受病菌的侵袭。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明为纯油性软膏状制剂,长时间放置不会分层,所以使用前不需要振摇,即使在寒冷地区,也依然可以保证产品的柔软性和药物含量的均匀性。
2、在使用后可以在乳头孔形成密封的不稳定栓,防止细菌从乳头孔、乳头管进入乳腺,破坏乳腺的泌乳功能;
3、本制剂采用头孢噻呋的无菌粉末,经过高剪切剪切后,使得制剂的药物颗粒更小,使药物吸收更好,在体内起效更快,而且本制剂组方中复配小檗碱,对头孢噻呋单方耐药的临床菌株有效,抗菌抗炎治疗临床效果良好。
4、与液体制剂、粉体制剂相比:制剂稳定性更好,由于无论在制造还是在贮存过程中,始终都处于无菌生产状态,且包装严密,不会污染,不会与空气、湿气、病原微生物接触,因而较液体制剂更稳定,保证了制剂中的主药含量,此组方工艺是稳定可行的。
具体实施方式
本发明可用下面特征实施例的处方和制备方法加以说明。(按60kg处方量)
注:上表中所有出现的混合组方比例为1:1(W/W)。
按照上述处方量之比例取各组份,采用如下制备方法制得:
(1)将固体分散体加热并维持在120℃,放入助悬剂,二者混合,搅拌均匀,直到二者完全融合,溶液呈现透明澄清;
(2)将所得混合液在快速搅拌的过程中,迅速冷却至30℃,在其中加入头孢噻呋小檗碱无菌粉,经过局部高剪切机剪切,同时胶体磨研磨分散循环60min,使原料在载体中分散均匀;
(3)经无菌密封包装,即得成品。
实施例7:疗效试验
1.材料
空白对照组:生理盐水
药物对照组1:10%盐酸头孢噻呋注射液,市售。
药物对照组2:某专利盐酸头孢噻呋乳房注入剂(干乳期)实施例6方法配制样品(105726461A,公开日:2016-07-06)
试验样品组:(实施例2)复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂(干乳期)。
2.方法
选用健康的即将停奶的奶牛32头,分成4组,每组8头;在最后一次挤净乳房内的残留奶后,空白对照组用生理盐水,药物对照组1用10%盐酸头孢噻呋注射液,药物对照组2用某专利实施例6方法配制样品(盐酸头孢噻呋6kg,硬脂酸3kg,硬质酸甘油酯3kg,吐温801.5kg,司班20 1.5kg,椰子油45kg),试验样品组即处理组用本专利实施例2配方的复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂,通过乳头管每个乳头注入含有1000mg头孢噻呋的制剂至乳室内。
3.体细胞检测实验
牛奶中的体细胞数含量可以反映出乳房组织的健康状况:乳房出现炎症时,体细胞数增加,且随炎症的严重性而提高。因此,在奶牛经过干乳期进入泌乳期产奶后的第10天、第15天和第20天每天第一次挤奶,放弃头三把奶后,采集每个乳室奶样10mL后作为样本,测定样本中的体细胞数的变化来判定效果。
体细胞数测定方法:将奶样涂抹于载玻片上,将涂片经过干燥、脱脂、固定、染色、脱色后在显微镜油镜下计数。
实验结果如下:
表1奶牛度过干乳期开始泌乳后乳房炎的治疗效果
从实验结果可以看出,本软膏剂具有显著减少产后奶牛牛奶体细胞数、降低产后奶牛乳房炎发生率的作用。实施例2样品治疗效果明显好于10%市售注射液组和某专利盐酸头孢噻呋乳房注入剂样品对照组。
尽管本发明是参照具体实施例来描述,但这种描述并不意味着对本发明构成限制。参照本发明的描述,所公开的实施例的其他变形,对于本领域技术人员都是可以预料的。因此,这样的变形不会脱离所属权利要求限定的范围及精神。
Claims (6)
1.一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂,其特征是所述注入剂各成分重量百分含量为:
2.如权利要求1所述的一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂,其特征是头孢噻呋选自盐酸头孢噻呋、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻呋酸、头孢噻呋乙酰氧基乙基酯中的一种或一种以上组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂,其特征是小檗碱选自盐酸小檗碱、硫酸小檗碱中的一种或一种以上组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂,其特征是助悬剂选自单硬脂酸铝,双硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸和硬脂酸甘油酯中的一种或一种以上组合。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂乳房注入剂,其特征是固体分散载体选自白矿油、液体石蜡、椰子油中的一种或一种以上组合。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种干乳期复方头孢噻呋乳房注入剂,其特征是其制备工艺是通过下述技术步骤实现的:
(1)将处方量固体分散体加热并维持在120℃,放入助悬剂,搅拌直到溶液澄清透明;
(2)将所得混合液在快速搅拌的过程中,迅速冷却至30℃,在其中加入无菌的头孢噻呋小檗碱无菌粉,经过局部高剪切机剪切,同时胶体磨研磨分散循环60min,使原料在载体中分散的均匀;
(3)将最后经无菌密封包装,即得成品。
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