CN107783319B - An intelligent glass instrument that realizes continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance - Google Patents

Abstract

An intelligent glass instrument for realizing continuous selective regulation of spectral transmittance comprises an ionic liquid cavity (1), a magnetic fluid cavity (2), an electric field generating device (3) and a magnetic field generating device (4), and realizes selective and continuous regulation of light by changing the external voltage and the size of a magnetic field. For ionic liquid, the absorption coefficient of the ionic liquid for a specific spectral range changes along with external voltage; for the magnetic fluid, the magnetic field generated by the alternating electric field and the magneto-optical effect of the magnetic fluid are utilized to realize the continuous regulation and control of light from strong to weak, the problem that the color-changing glass in the prior art does not have continuous regulation and control and spectrum selectivity regulation and control is solved, and the reliability is high.

Description

An intelligent glass instrument that realizes continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance

Technical field

The invention relates to an intelligent glass instrument that realizes continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance, and belongs to the field of intelligent material application.

Background technique

Smart glass devices with continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance have become a leading light control technology development at home and abroad because of their extensive technical needs in military camouflage, anti-eavesdropping, information encryption, privacy protection, agricultural product planting, etc. important direction.

Traditional smart glass based on chemical principles can achieve selective control of the spectrum, but cannot achieve continuous control of light intensity, and is also more complicated in terms of repeated use. Liquid crystal smart glass can achieve light control within a large transmittance range, but it does not have the characteristics of continuous control and spectral selective control, has poor reliability, and cannot meet the control needs of achieving light intensity continuity and spectral selectivity at the same time. , the response speed is slower.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved by this invention is: in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, an intelligent glass instrument is proposed that realizes continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance, and utilizes the electro-optical effect and magneto-optical effect of soft material materials such as ionic liquids and magnetic fluids. It solves the problem of existing traditional smart glass that is difficult to control both spectral selectivity and light intensity continuity.

The present invention solves the above technical problems by implementing the following technical solutions:

An intelligent glass instrument that realizes continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance, including an ionic liquid chamber, a magnetic fluid chamber, an electric field generating device, and a magnetic field generating device, wherein the ionic liquid chamber and the magnetic fluid chamber are respectively located in the upper half of the same glass body. In the first part and the lower part, the side walls of both sides of the ionic liquid cavity are installed with electric field generating devices that change the spectral absorption coefficient in the ionic liquid cavity by changing the voltage. The side walls of both sides of the magnetic fluid cavity are installed with devices that change the spectral absorption in the magnetic fluid cavity by changing the size of the magnetic field. Coefficient of magnetic field generating device.

The output voltage range of the electric field generating device is 0-60V/m, and the adjustment accuracy is greater than 0.1V.

The output magnetic field intensity range of the magnetic field generating device is 0.1T-0.3T, the required current intensity range is 1A-3A, the control accuracy of the magnetic field intensity is 0.01T, and the control accuracy of the current is 0.02A.

The electrode of the electric field generating device is a platinum electrode or a titanium-based platinum-coated electrode. When a titanium-based platinum-coated electrode is selected, the thickness of the platinum coating is not less than 50 μm.

The glass body materials are all made of calcium fluoride or barium fluoride.

The thickness of the glass body ranges from 0.2cm to 0.5cm.

The height range of the ionic liquid chamber and the magnetic fluid chamber is 0.2-1cm.

Preferably, the spectral transmittance of the ionic liquid in the ionic liquid cavity ranges from 0% to 90%.

Further, the spectral transmittance range of the magnetic fluid in the magnetic fluid cavity is 0%-100%. The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

(1) The invention provides an intelligent glass instrument that realizes continuous and selective regulation of spectral transmittance. It uses an electric field generator to change the voltage to control the spectral absorption coefficient of the ionic liquid cavity, and uses a magnetic field generator to change the magnetic field intensity to control the spectrum of the magnetic fluid cavity. The absorption coefficient enables real-time and continuous regulation of the overall spectral transmittance of the entire instrument. At the same time, the ionic liquid chamber and magnetic fluid chamber can still be restored after a power outage, enabling repeatable regulation. The structure is simple and easy to operate;

(2) The control methods provided by the present invention are mostly active or semi-active control, which can be applied to situations where specific band electromagnetic waves are shielded. It can cover the infrared band and the microwave band, and the control spectrum range covers visible light and nearby bands. It has good applicability. Wide range of applications.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the smart glass instrument provided by the invention;

Figure 2 is a design diagram of the ionic liquid cavity electric field generating device provided by the invention;

Figure 3 is a design diagram of the magnetic fluid cavity magnetic field generating device provided by the invention;

Figure 4 is a diagram of the spectral absorption coefficient detection device provided by the invention;

Figure 5 is a data diagram of the ionic liquid conductive light phenomenon control test data provided by the invention;

Figure 6 is a data diagram of the magneto-optical effect control test of magnetic fluid provided by the invention;

Figure 7 is a graph showing experimental data of spectral transmittance T changing with magnetic field strength provided by the invention;

Detailed ways

An intelligent glass instrument that realizes continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance, including an ionic liquid chamber 1, a magnetic fluid chamber 2, an electric field generating device 3, and a magnetic field generating device 4. The side walls, top and bottom of the intelligent glass instrument are all made of Special glass plate, wherein the ionic liquid chamber 1 is filled with special ionic liquid, the magnetic fluid chamber 2 is filled with special magnetic fluid, an electric field generating device 3 is installed on the outside of one side wall of the ionic liquid chamber 1, and the magnetic fluid chamber 2 is installed on one side A magnetic field generating device 4 is installed on the outside of the wall. When an external light source is input into the instrument, the electric field generating device on the side wall of the ionic liquid chamber 1 changes the voltage to adjust the spectral absorption coefficient. The greater the output voltage, the greater the spectral absorption coefficient. The lower the light transmittance; the magnetic field generating device on the side wall of the magnetic fluid cavity 2 changes the magnetic field size to adjust the spectral absorption coefficient. The greater the output magnetic field intensity, the greater the spectral absorption coefficient. For the lower the light transmittance, spectral absorption is performed respectively. After blocking, the desired spectrum is output. Wherein, the wall thickness of the glass instrument is 0.2cm-0.5cm.

The principle of this instrument is based on the electro-optical effect and magneto-optical effect of two soft materials, ionic liquid and magnetic fluid. The above materials are encapsulated in a closed interlayer with electrodes, and the selectivity and continuity of light are achieved by changing the size of the external electromagnetic field. Regulation. For ionic liquids, their absorption coefficient in a specific spectral range changes with external voltage. As the voltage is higher, the light absorption capacity becomes stronger. When the external voltage does not exceed the threshold, the original properties can be restored after the voltage is removed. Achieve spectral selective control. For magnetic fluid, a magnetic field is applied based on the principle of Helmholtz coil, and it will spontaneously gather into a strong magnetic field area under the action of the magnetic field. The larger the magnetic field, the denser the gathering. Once the magnetic field is removed, it will return to its original shape due to gravity. The alternating electric field is used to generate a magnetic field and the magneto-optical effect of magnetic fluid is used to achieve continuous control of light from strong to weak. Smart glass devices made by filling three layers of glass with magnetic fluid and ionic liquid respectively can freely adjust the light transmittance within a specific range, and adjust the absorbed light intensity according to the wavelength in the visible, near-infrared, microwave and other bands. Selective regulation.

The design principle of this instrument is as follows:

(1) Based on the electro-optical effect, electromagnetic induction and magneto-optical effect, two types of soft substances, ionic liquid and magnetic fluid, are encapsulated in a closed interlayer with electrodes and magnetic poles, and the selectivity and continuity of light are achieved by changing the size of the external electromagnetic field. sexual regulation;

(2) Applying a voltage to a specific ionic liquid within the voltage threshold range can change its spectral absorption coefficient (usually the spectral absorption coefficient increases with the increase of the external voltage), and its absorption coefficient can be restored after the voltage is removed. With this characteristic, a class of ionic liquids such as imidazole salts have the above properties, and their characteristic spectral bands vary according to their structural forms. Based on this, the appropriate ionic liquid can be selected according to actual needs;

(3) To realize the magneto-optical effect of magnetic fluid through electromagnetic induction, the Helmholtz coil principle is mainly used to generate a uniform magnetic field. For larger light-transmitting surfaces, it is decomposed into regions to ensure the uniformity of the magnetic field in each area. . The magnetic fluid particles gather under the influence of the magnetic field and block the light. When the magnetic field is removed, the magnetic fluid particles fall back to the groove below due to gravity, and the glass returns to transparency;

(4) When applying an external electric field to the ionic liquid, the maximum value of the electric field strength shall not be higher than 60V/m. In addition, considering that charged ions are easy to react with ordinary electrodes under the action of an external electric field, an inert electrode, a platinum electrode, is used as the electrode here. If the electrode area is large, in order to save costs, platinum plating on the titanium substrate can also be used;

(5) The smart glass device needs to be sealed to ensure that it is not intruded by external water vapor. In addition, the working medium is injected from the upper opening of the device. Before injection, it is necessary to ensure that bubbles or other impurities are discharged from the cavity. After the injection is completed, exhaust the gas in the cavity and seal it. When the liquid needs to be replaced, the original liquid working medium can be extracted through the lower opening. After cleaning the inner surface of the device with absolute ethanol and drying it, new one can be filled as needed. Liquid working medium.

The overall technology of a smart glass device according to the present invention that can achieve continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, an intelligent glass device according to the present invention that realizes continuous and selective control of spectral transmittance includes: a sealed glass frame structure, a filling of ionic liquid, a filling of magnetic fluid, a special electric field generating device, and a special magnetic field generating device. parts. The glass frame has a three-layer structure. There is a hollow structure between the two layers of glass. The thickness of the hollow layer is 0.2-1cm. Different types of specific ionic liquids are filled between the two outer layers of glass according to different application needs. Fill the space between the two internal glasses with specific magnetic fluid as needed. By changing the electric field signal applied at both ends of the ionic liquid cavity and the magnetic field signal applied at both ends of the magnetic fluid, the inherent shapes of the ionic liquid and magnetic fluid are changed, thereby adjusting the light permeability. The electric field signal is directly provided by an external voltage-adjustable DC power supply, and the magnetic field signal is provided by electromagnetic induction generated by changing the size and direction of the electromagnetic field.

As shown in Figure 2, the design drawing of a special electric field generating device suitable for ionic liquids mainly consists of a sealed glass frame, a platinum electrode or a platinum-coated electrode, and two pieces of quartz or CaF2, BaF2 thin glass (the thickness of a single layer of glass is generally 0.2cm-0.5cm, depending on the situation), special platinum wires (other wires can also be used when there is no direct contact between the wires and the ionic liquid) and a voltage-adjustable direct power supply. When the voltage does not exceed the ionic liquid electrolysis threshold of 70 %, as the voltage gradually increases, the absorption coefficient of the ionic liquid gradually increases, and the transmittance of the "smart glass" gradually weakens. When the voltage is removed, the transmittance of the "smart glass" returns to its original state. The output voltage range of the electric field generating device is 0-60V/m, the adjustment accuracy is greater than 0.1V, and the spectral transmittance range of the ionic liquid cavity is 0%-90%.

The design drawing of a special magnetic field generating device suitable for magnetic fluids is shown in Figure 3. It mainly consists of a sealed glass frame, electrical wires wrapped around the glass frame, magnetorheological fluid encapsulated in the glass layer, and high-precision controllable three-dimensional coils. Power supply composition. The electrical conductors are arranged symmetrically, and currents in the same direction that change with time are passed through the electrical conductors as needed, causing an inductive magnetic field to be generated in the middle area of the electrical conductors. The size of the magnetic field can be adjusted according to the size and change rate of the current. In the role of the magnetic field Under this condition, the morphology of the magnetorheological fluid changes. When the magnetic field is strong enough, the magnetorheological fluid in the glass interlayer will form a needle-like distribution, thereby blocking the light path. At this time, the transmittance of the "smart glass" becomes zero. . When no current is flowing, the transmittance in "smart glass" is its inherent transmittance. The output magnetic field intensity range of the magnetic field generating device is 0.1T-0.3T, the required current intensity range is 1A-3A, the control accuracy of the magnetic field intensity is 0.01T, the control accuracy of the current is 0.02A, and the spectral transmittance of the magnetic fluid cavity The range is 0%-100%.

The test device for the optical absorption coefficient value of "smart glass" under the action of electric field is shown in Figure 4.

As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the change results of the light absorption coefficient of ionic liquids and magnetic fluids under the action of electromagnetic fields are shown. It can be seen from the figures that the absorption coefficients of ionic liquids and magnetic fluids will be affected by the external electromagnetic field. And the actual measurement shows that the ionic liquid has a selective absorption effect on the spectrum, and the transmittance of the magnetic fluid will continuously change with the field strength, which can prove the feasibility of the solution in this patent.

The following table lists the approximate relationship between the spectral absorption coefficient of five ionic liquids in the range of 1500±120nm and the electric field intensity under different electric field strengths. The changes in absorption coefficient under other field strengths can be obtained by piecewise linear interpolation based on the data in the table. Applying voltage according to this rule can achieve continuous regulation of the light transmittance of smart glass in a specific spectral range.

Figure 7 lists the changes in the spectral transmittance T of the magnetic fluid with the intensity of the magnetic field under different incident light intensities. The transmittance T reflects the transmittance of the magnetic fluid film under the influence of a magnetic field and the magnetic fluid film when no magnetic field is applied. For wallpaper with a high transmittance, it can be seen from the figure that as the magnetic field intensity increases, the impact on the transmittance becomes more obvious, and the transmittance changes with the intensity of the incident light. Therefore, according to the rules shown in Figure 7, the transmittance change of the light intensity can be adjusted by adjusting the corresponding size of the magnetic field.

After experiments, using the solution in this patent, the filling material is methylpropylimidazole iodide salt ionic liquid and magnetic fluid, which can achieve spectral selectivity and light intensity control in the near-infrared band. The filling material is [EMIm][N(CN) ₂ ] ionic liquid developed by Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics and magnetic fluid, which can achieve spectral selective control and light intensity control in the microwave band. Of course, in addition to the above two combinations, different types of ionic liquids and magnetic fluids can also be used according to needs to achieve different light control requirements.

Contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention are well-known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. An intelligent glass instrument for realizing continuous selective regulation and control of spectral transmittance, which is characterized in that: the device comprises an ion liquid cavity (1), a magnetic fluid cavity (2), an electric field generating device (3) and a magnetic field generating device (4), wherein the ion liquid cavity (1) and the magnetic fluid cavity (2) are respectively positioned at the upper half part and the lower half part of the same glass body, the electric field generating device (3) for changing the spectral absorption coefficient in the ion liquid cavity (1) by changing the voltage is arranged on the side walls of the two sides of the ion liquid cavity (1), and the magnetic field generating device (4) for changing the spectral absorption coefficient in the magnetic fluid cavity (2) by changing the magnetic field is arranged on the side walls of the two sides of the magnetic fluid cavity (2);

the output voltage range of the electric field generating device (3) is 0-60V/m, and the adjusting precision is more than 0.1V;

the magnetic field generating device (4) outputs a magnetic field with the intensity ranging from 0.1T to 0.3T, the required current with the intensity ranging from 1A to 3A, the control precision of the magnetic field with the intensity of 0.01T and the control precision of the current with the intensity of 0.02A.

2. The intelligent glass instrument for realizing continuous selective adjustment and control of spectral transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent glass instrument is characterized in that: the electrode of the electric field generating device (3) is a platinum electrode or a titanium substrate platinized electrode, and when the titanium substrate platinized electrode is selected, the platinized thickness is not less than 50 mu m.

3. The intelligent glass instrument for realizing continuous selective adjustment and control of spectral transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent glass instrument is characterized in that: the glass body material adopts calcium fluoride or barium fluoride.

4. The intelligent glass instrument for realizing continuous selective adjustment and control of spectral transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent glass instrument is characterized in that: the thickness of the glass body ranges from 0.2cm to 0.5cm.

5. The intelligent glass instrument for realizing continuous selective adjustment and control of spectral transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent glass instrument is characterized in that: the height range of the ionic liquid cavity (1) and the magnetic fluid cavity (2) is 0.2-1cm.

6. The intelligent glass instrument for realizing continuous selective adjustment and control of spectral transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent glass instrument is characterized in that: the spectral transmittance range of the ionic liquid in the ionic liquid cavity (1) is 0% -90%.

7. The intelligent glass instrument for realizing continuous selective adjustment and control of spectral transmittance according to claim 1, wherein the intelligent glass instrument is characterized in that: the spectral transmittance range of the magnetic fluid in the magnetic fluid cavity (2) is 0% -100%.