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CN107776876A - 装有可分离轴承箱的飞机轮 - Google Patents

装有可分离轴承箱的飞机轮 Download PDF

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CN107776876A
CN107776876A CN201710611766.7A CN201710611766A CN107776876A CN 107776876 A CN107776876 A CN 107776876A CN 201710611766 A CN201710611766 A CN 201710611766A CN 107776876 A CN107776876 A CN 107776876A
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wheel
bearing
sleeve pipe
wheel shaft
sleeve
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CN107776876B (zh
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S·贾贝尔
V·贝伦格
N·莫雷蒂
G·艾吕雅
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/34—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface  wheeled type, e.g. multi-wheeled bogies
    • B64C25/36—Arrangements or adaptations of wheels, tyres or axles in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0078—Hubs characterised by the fixation of bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/02—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle
    • B60B27/04—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle housing driving means, e.g. sprockets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
    • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
    • B64C25/405—Powered wheels, e.g. for taxing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F16C19/548—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
    • F16C35/073—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between shaft and inner race ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
    • F16C35/077—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between housing and outer race ring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/001—Hubs with roller-bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
    • F16C2226/50—Positive connections
    • F16C2226/60—Positive connections with threaded parts, e.g. bolt and nut connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/43—Aeroplanes; Helicopters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/80—Energy efficient operational measures, e.g. ground operations or mission management

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种飞机轮，包括用于将轮安装在起落架轮轴上以使轮能够绕转动轴线转动的轮毂(52)和具有用于接纳轮胎的边缘凸缘的轮辋(55)，轮辋由幅材(56)固定到轮毂。轮毂适于可释放地接纳轴承箱(60)，该轴承箱包括两个轴承(53、54)，其各自具有内环和外环，安装在套管(61)和套筒(62)之间，套管用于配合在轮轴上，具有成形为接纳轴承的内环的外侧壁，套管具有成形为邻靠部的一个端部(63)和成形为接纳预加载螺母(67)的另一端部；套筒围绕套管延伸并且具有内侧壁，内侧壁具有两个肩部以轴向地保持轴承的外环，套筒具有成形为滑动配合地接纳在轮毂的轴承中的外壁，具有成形为邻靠部的一个端部(68)和成形为接纳止动螺母(70)的另一端部。

Description

装有可分离轴承箱的飞机轮
技术领域
本发明涉及一种装有可分离轴承箱的飞机轮。
背景技术
已知具有接纳轴承以将轮安装为在起落架轮轴上转动的轮毂和具有用于接纳轮胎的侧凸缘的轮辋的飞机轮，轮辋由幅材固定到轮毂。轮可由借助组装螺栓经由幅材固定到彼此的两个半轮构成，或相反地，其可以包括单件，在这种情况下凸缘之一是可移除的，以便安装轮胎。
这种轮借助端螺母保持在轮轴上，端螺母在拧紧时用于预加载安装在轮轴周围的轴承。由于轮胎的逐渐磨损，各轮需要定期更换，通常是每两百个航班一次。维护人员顶升起落架、移除轮轴螺母并移除轮，以便用具有新的或翻新修补的轮胎的轮更换该轮。已经被移除的轮于是送到维护车间，在维护车间它被拆卸以便移除磨损的轮胎，从而对其进行更换。该拆卸也用于检查轴承、给轴承涂润滑脂，并且如果轴承达到了它们规定的寿命的终点，可用于更换它们。
最近，出现了“长持续时间”轮胎，该轮胎使其能够在两次轮更换之间有数量多得多的航班。这种轮胎提出了检查轴承的问题，轴承在目前的维护程序下，需要以比更换这种轮胎频繁得多的频率进行检查。
发明内容
本发明寻求提出一种便于检查、维护或更换其轴承的飞机轮。
为了实现该目的，提出一种飞机轮，包括用于将轮安装在起落架轮轴上以使轮能够绕转动轴线转动的轮毂和具有用于接纳轮胎的边缘凸缘的轮辋，轮辋由幅材固定到轮毂，其中，根据本发明，轮毂适于可释放地接纳轴承箱，所述轴承箱包括：
-两个圆锥滚子轴承，其各自具有内环和外环，安装在以下部件之间：
-套管，该套管用于配合在轮轴上，具有成形为接纳轴承的内环的外侧壁，该套管具有成形为邻靠部的一个端部和成形为接纳预加载螺母的另一端部；和
-套筒，该套筒围绕套管延伸且具有内侧壁，该内侧壁具有两个肩部以轴向地保持轴承的外环，该套筒具有成形为滑动配合地接纳在轮毂的轴承中的外壁，具有成形为邻靠部的一个端部和成形为接纳止动螺母的另一端部。
由此，轮可以像传统轮一样安装在轮轴上，轮轴螺母随后用于将轴承箱的套管轴向地止动在轮轴上。维护操作期间，通过拧开轮轴螺母将轮从轮轴移除，并且通过拧开止动螺母将箱与轮的剩余物分开，以便用包含已经检查且涂润滑脂的轴承的另一箱更换该箱，其操作可直接在停机坪(tarmac)上执行。随后将轮放回飞机上，并且将已移除的箱带走用于检查轴承并涂润滑脂。
借助本发明的轮，由此可以有不同的检查及维护轴承的频率和更换轮胎的频率。
此外，由轮的轴承导引的套筒的存在使得能够将所有类型的元件联接到其，诸如风扇的叶片或转动传感器的目标，诸如霍尔效应转速计。
另外，套管的存在和套筒的存在使得轮易于装配有电动机，通过将电动机装配在箱上，将电动机的定子固定到套管，并且将其转子固定到套筒。
在具体实施例中，电动机在转子与定子之间不具有任何轴承，这两个元件由箱中的轴承在转动中导引。
附图说明
根据参照附图给出的以下本发明的具体实施例的说明，可更好地理解本发明，附图中：
-图1是安装在起落架轮轴上的传统飞机轮的截面的立体图；
-图2是在本发明的具体实施例中的飞机轮的截面的立体图；
-图3是装配于图2的轮的轴承箱的放大图；以及
-图4至6是与图2相似的视图，示出不同的实施例，其中轴承箱是电动机驱动的。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的传统飞机轮1包括轮毂2，在本示例中，轮毂2接纳圆锥滚子轴承3和4的外环。轮毂2借助多孔幅材6连接到轮辋5。轮辋5具有保持轮胎的侧腹面(未示出)的凸缘7，凸缘之一是可移除的，以便接纳轮胎。轴承3和4的内环接纳在呈套管形式的轮轴保护器8上，该轮轴保护器具有成形为邻靠部的一个端部，以抵靠起落架轮轴100上的肩部101，轮轴保护器8配合在该起落架轮轴100上。拧到该轮轴100的端部上的轮轴螺母102用于预加载轴承3和4，并且将轮轴向地保持在轮轴上，该轮于是绕由轮轴和轴承限定的转动轴线转动。当更换轮时，拆下轮轴螺母102、移除轮组件并且用具有新的或翻新修补的轮胎且具有已经检查和涂润滑脂的轴承的轮更换该轮组件，就足够了。
本发明提出了一种具有可分离的轮毂的轮，诸如在图2中示出的轮51。这种轮仍然包括设置有凸缘57并由幅材56连接到轮毂52的轮辋55。然而，该轮毂不接纳圆锥滚子轴承53、54。在本发明中，轮毂52装配在轴承箱60上，该轴承箱在图3中更详细地示出并且包括套管61和套筒62，该套管配合在轮轴100上，该套筒具有轮毂52装配于其上的外表面。轴承53、54在接纳轴承的内环的套管61与接纳轴承的外环的套筒62之间延伸。
为该目的，套筒62具有成形为具有肩部的罩壳的端部，肩部形成邻靠部以接纳轴承53、54的外环。套管61具有成形为从薄壁管状部分64两个方向突出的一个端部63。端部63朝向轴承突出的部分形成用于轴承的邻靠部，而端部63朝向轮轴100突出的部分包括沟槽65以与轮轴100上的互补的沟槽协配，从而防止套管61相对于轮轴100转动。套管61的另一端部66攻螺纹以接纳用于预加载轴承的预加载螺母67。
套筒62的外壁作为滑动配合接纳在轮毂52的孔中。套筒62的一个端部68形成外台阶以构成套筒62的轴向邻靠部，而另一端部69攻螺纹以接纳止动螺母70，其在图2中可见。
在检查轴承的操作期间，当由轮承载的轮胎仍然适用于更多个航班时，移除轮、将轴承箱从其中取出并用其中的轴承已经检查并且涂润滑脂的箱更换该轴承箱，且随后重新安装轮就足够了。该操作可容易地在停机坪上执行，从轮移除箱只要求拧开止动螺母70。
由此，将本发明的轮带到车间，以便更换轮胎，检查、维护及轴承更换周期与轮胎周期脱离关系。
箱的存在使得易于为轮设置电动机。具体地，如图4至6所示，将电动机的定子固定到套管61，并将其转子固定到套筒62就足够了，以便能够引起套筒相对于套管转动，并且由此驱动轮转动。自然地，适合于设置约束轮毂和套筒一同转动的装置(未示出)，例如，包括沟槽或销的类型的装置。
如图4所示，电动机80首先由套管61的延伸部81构成，套管61的延伸部81延伸以接纳绕组82并且形成电动机的定子83，并且其次由套筒62的延伸部84构成，套筒62的延伸部84面向定子延伸，以便承载永磁铁85并且形成电动机的转子86。应当观察到，在电动机的定子和转子之间没有轴承，由轴承箱60中的轴承提供在转动中的导引。还应当观察到，定子成形为能够通过用于紧固轮轴螺母102的工具。
在图5示出的变型中，转子86不再直接地固定到套筒，而是经由轴承87可转动地安装在定子83上。转子86借助卡爪88选择性地与套筒在转动中联接，该卡爪88由形成套筒62的延伸部的盘89承载。
在图6示出的变型中，转子83现在借助销90(只能看到其中之一)连接到盘89，该销90校准为当盘89与转子83之间传递的扭矩超过预定的阈值时屈服。
在所有这些机动化的变型中，通过拧开止动螺母70仍然能够容易地将轴承箱60与轮的剩余物分开。
在本发明的特定方面中，还应当观察到，轴承箱60在本示例中成形为能够将传统现有技术的轮(诸如在图1中示出的轮)安装在相同的轮轴上且没有任何轮轴的修改或改变，而非安装本发明的轮。如在服务中需要，这使得能够用传统轮更换本发明的轮。在这方面，应当观察到，轴承箱60的轴承与传统轮的轴承相同并且放置在相同的位置，使得它们以相同的方式承载在轮轴上并且传递相同的力。然后，能够仅选择合适的轮轴螺母或在传统轮的螺母与轴承之间插设间隔件，用于补偿在传统轮中不存在的套管上的邻靠部的厚度。
本发明并不限于上述说明，而是相反地覆盖落入由权利要求书限定的范围内的任何变型。
具体地，尽管陈述的是，套管设有沟槽以约束其在轮轴上转动，但该设置是可选的，并且仅仅当套筒具有需要防止其定子在转动中运动的电动机时，该设置才是真正必需的。
尽管在此示出的轴承箱设有电动机，套管或套筒的延伸部形成定子、转子或用于联接到转子的盘，这些元件可与套管或套筒制成一体，或它们实际上仅仅装配到其。
这些箱可同样良好地装配有除电动机以外的部件，诸如用于通过轮的幅材冷却制动盘的风扇，或用于感测轮的转动速度的传感器。

Claims (7)

1.一种飞机轮，包括用于将所述轮安装在起落架轮轴上以使所述轮能绕转动轴线转动的轮毂(52)和具有用于接纳轮胎的边缘凸缘的轮辋(55)，所述轮辋由幅材(56)固定到所述轮毂，所述轮的特征在于，所述轮毂适于可释放地接纳轴承箱(60)，所述轴承箱包括：
-两个圆锥滚子轴承(53、54)，其各自具有内环和外环，安装在以下部件之间：
-套管(61)，所述套管用于配合在轮轴上，具有成形为接纳所述轴承的所述内环的外侧壁，所述套管具有成形为邻靠部的一个端部(63)和成形为接纳预加载螺母(67)的另一端部；和
-套筒(62)，所述套筒围绕所述套管延伸且具有内侧壁，所述内侧壁具有两个肩部以轴向地保持所述轴承的所述外环，所述套筒具有成形为滑动配合地接纳在所述轮毂的轴承中的外壁，具有成形为邻靠部的一个端部(68)和成形为接纳止动螺母(70)的另一端部。
2.如权利要求1所述的飞机轮，其特征在于，所述套管包括适合于与所述轮轴的互补的装置协配的防转动装置(65)。
3.如权利要求2所述的飞机轮，其特征在于，所述防转动装置包括由所述套管的端部承载的沟槽(65)，所述套管的端部成形为用于轴承的邻靠部。
4.如权利要求1所述的轮，其特征在于，所述轴承箱装配有电动机(80)以引起所述套筒相对于所述套管转动。
5.如权利要求4所述的轮，其特征在于，所述电动机包括固定到所述套管(61)的定子(83)和固定到所述套筒(62)的转子(86)，所述转子和所述定子由所述轮的所述轴承(53、54)在转动中导引，在所述定子和所述转子之间不布置任何轴承。
6.如权利要求4所述的轮，其特征在于，所述电动机包括固定到所述套管(61)的定子(83)和借助轴承(87)可转动地安装在所述定子上的转子(86)，所述转子被约束成与盘(89)一起转动，所述盘由诸如卡爪(88)或销(90)的固定构件(88；90)固定到所述套筒(62)，所述固定构件尺寸设计为在所述盘与所述转子之间传递的力超出预定的阈值的情况下断裂。
7.一种包括起落架的组件，所述起落架具有至少一根设有轮轴螺母(102)的轮轴(100)和适于安装在所述轮轴上的轮的选集，所述选集包括：
-轮(1)，具有直接地接纳轴承的轮毂，以将所述轮可转动地安装在所述轮轴(100)上，使得所述轴承配合在所述轮轴上，并且由所述轮轴螺母轴向地止动并预加载；和
-如任一前述权利要求所述的轮，其中所述轴承箱配合在所述轮轴上，并且由所述轮轴螺母轴向地保持；
两个轮在相同的布置中具有相同的轴承。
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