CN107760346A - A kind of multisection type fast pyrogenation reaction system and method - Google Patents
A kind of multisection type fast pyrogenation reaction system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 103
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
本发明属于一种多段式快速热解反应系统及方法，包括：进料系统、热解炉和半焦处理系统，其中，所述进料系统包括：依次相连的粉煤贮仓、粉煤锁斗和粉煤给料罐；所述热解炉与所述粉煤给料罐的给料出口相连，包括：变径炉体和蓄热式辐射管，其中，所述变径炉体包括：直径不同的相连的上段炉体与下段炉体，所述半焦处理系统包括：制粉系统和煤粉锅炉，其中，所述制粉系统与所述热解炉底部设置的半焦锁斗相连，所述煤粉锅炉与所述制粉系统相连。本发明能够减少煤的结焦与磨损；能够提高处理不同粒径粉煤；此外，对高温半焦采用与煤粉锅炉联用的形式，提高发电能源的利用率，节能环保。
The invention belongs to a multi-stage rapid pyrolysis reaction system and method, comprising: a feeding system, a pyrolysis furnace and a semi-coke processing system, wherein the feeding system includes: a pulverized coal storage bin connected in sequence, a pulverized coal lock Bucket and pulverized coal feeding tank; the pyrolysis furnace is connected with the feeding outlet of the pulverized coal feeding tank, including: variable-diameter furnace body and regenerative radiant tube, wherein, the variable-diameter furnace body includes: The connected upper furnace body and the lower furnace body with different diameters, the semi-coke processing system includes: a pulverizing system and a pulverized coal boiler, wherein the pulverizing system is connected with the semi-coke lock hopper set at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace , the pulverized coal boiler is connected with the pulverizing system. The invention can reduce coal coking and abrasion; can improve the treatment of pulverized coal with different particle sizes; in addition, the high-temperature semi-coke is used in conjunction with a pulverized coal boiler to improve the utilization rate of power generation energy, energy saving and environmental protection.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于煤化工、化石燃料中低温热解处理技术领域，涉及一种含碳燃料的快速热解反应工艺，具体涉及一种多段式快速热解反应系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of medium and low temperature pyrolysis treatment of coal chemical industry and fossil fuel, and relates to a fast pyrolysis reaction process of carbon-containing fuel, in particular to a multi-stage fast pyrolysis reaction system and method.
背景技术Background technique
我国的能源结构现状是富煤、贫油、少气，当今世界油气资源逐渐减少，日渐匮乏，我国油气资源短缺尤为严重，大量的油气资源依赖进口。油气资源匮乏严重制约着我国经济和社会发展，同时大量化石燃料的燃烧，又带来严重的环境问题，如粉尘，PM2.5、酸雨、温室气体等。大力发展煤制油、煤制气技术、热解、气化、液化技术等，一方面能有效地缓解我国油气资源短缺，严重依赖进口的窘迫局面；另一方面减少煤等化石燃料的利用，可有效的解决环境污染问题。The status quo of my country's energy structure is rich in coal, poor in oil, and low in gas. Today's world's oil and gas resources are gradually decreasing and increasingly scarce. The shortage of oil and gas resources in my country is particularly serious, and a large number of oil and gas resources rely on imports. The lack of oil and gas resources seriously restricts my country's economic and social development. At the same time, the burning of a large amount of fossil fuels has brought serious environmental problems, such as dust, PM2.5, acid rain, and greenhouse gases. Vigorously develop coal-to-oil, coal-to-gas technology, pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction technology, etc., on the one hand, can effectively alleviate the shortage of oil and gas resources in my country and rely heavily on imports; on the other hand, reduce the use of fossil fuels such as coal, It can effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution.
目前，为实现低阶煤等含碳燃料的高效清洁转化利用，已开发出多种综合煤化工技术，粉煤快速热解技术就是其中之一。粉煤快速热解技术较已有的热解技术相比，解决了粉状物料无法利用的难题，粉煤快速热解技术主要有气体热载体和固体热载体两种加热方式，但以气体为热载体的炉型，因冷凝回收系统庞大，热解气热值低，焦油收率低等问题，难以进一步推广示范；以固体为热载体的炉型，则存在原料和热载体均匀混合，分离等问题，而限制了其进一步发展。At present, in order to realize the efficient and clean conversion and utilization of low-rank coal and other carbon-containing fuels, a variety of comprehensive coal chemical technologies have been developed, and the rapid pyrolysis technology of pulverized coal is one of them. Compared with the existing pyrolysis technology, pulverized coal rapid pyrolysis technology solves the problem that powdery materials cannot be used. The pulverized coal rapid pyrolysis technology mainly has two heating methods: gas heat carrier and solid heat carrier, but the gas is used as the heating method. The furnace type of heat carrier is difficult to further popularize and demonstrate due to problems such as the huge condensation recovery system, low calorific value of pyrolysis gas, and low tar yield; the furnace type with solid as heat carrier has uniform mixing and separation of raw materials and heat carrier and other issues, which limit its further development.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提出了一种多段式快速热解反应系统及方法，系统结构简单，安装方便，能够减少煤的结焦与磨损；能够提高处理不同粒径粉煤；解决了原料和热载体混料问题，并且采用蓄热式高压快速热解炉，使得装置小型化，极大地减少了后续的尾气净化工艺流程，降低设备和工艺造价；并且采用独特的进料方式，提高了工艺效率，此外，对高温半焦采用与煤粉锅炉联用的形式，提高发电能源的利用率，节能环保。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a multi-stage rapid pyrolysis reaction system and method, the system has a simple structure, is convenient to install, can reduce coal coking and wear; can improve the processing of pulverized coal with different particle sizes; solves the problem of raw material The problem of mixing with heat carrier, and the use of regenerative high-pressure rapid pyrolysis furnace makes the device miniaturized, greatly reduces the subsequent tail gas purification process, and reduces the cost of equipment and process; and adopts a unique feeding method, which improves the Process efficiency. In addition, high-temperature semi-coke is used in combination with pulverized coal boilers to improve the utilization rate of power generation energy, energy saving and environmental protection.
为至少解决上述技术问题之一，本发明采取的技术方案为：For at least solving one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
本发明提出了一种多段式快速热解反应系统，包括：进料系统、热解炉和半焦处理系统，其中，所述进料系统包括：依次相连的粉煤贮仓、粉煤锁斗和粉煤给料罐，所述粉煤贮仓常压向所述粉煤锁斗输入粉煤，所述粉煤锁斗加压后向所述粉煤给料罐输入粉煤，使所述粉煤给料罐与热解炉形成稳定压差，所述粉煤连续进入所述热解炉；所述热解炉与所述粉煤给料罐的给料出口相连，所述热解炉包括：变径炉体和蓄热式辐射管，其中，所述变径炉体包括：直径不同的相连的上段炉体与下段炉体，处理不同粒径的粉煤；所述半焦处理系统包括：制粉系统和煤粉锅炉，其中，所述制粉系统与所述热解炉底部设置的半焦锁斗相连，所述煤粉锅炉与所述制粉系统相连，将热解产生的高温半焦与原煤混合制粉后，送入煤粉锅炉燃烧发电。The present invention proposes a multi-stage rapid pyrolysis reaction system, including: a feeding system, a pyrolysis furnace, and a semi-coke processing system, wherein the feeding system includes: sequentially connected pulverized coal storage bins, pulverized coal lock hoppers and a pulverized coal feed tank, the pulverized coal storage bin inputs pulverized coal to the pulverized coal lock hopper under normal pressure, and the pulverized coal lock hopper is pressurized to input pulverized coal to the pulverized coal feed tank, so that the The pulverized coal feed tank and the pyrolysis furnace form a stable pressure difference, and the pulverized coal continuously enters the pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis furnace is connected with the feed outlet of the pulverized coal feed tank, and the pyrolysis furnace It includes: a variable-diameter furnace body and a regenerative radiant tube, wherein the variable-diameter furnace body includes: an upper furnace body and a lower furnace body connected with different diameters to process pulverized coal with different particle sizes; the semi-coke processing system It includes: a pulverizing system and a pulverized coal boiler, wherein the pulverizing system is connected to the semi-coke lock hopper provided at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, and the pulverized coal boiler is connected to the pulverizing system to convert the pyrolyzed After the high-temperature semi-coke is mixed with raw coal for pulverization, it is sent to a pulverized coal boiler for combustion to generate electricity.
进一步的，所述蓄热式辐射管包括：中心蓄热式辐射管和圆周层蓄热式辐射管，其中，所述中心蓄热式辐射管贯穿所述变径炉体且位于所述变径炉体的内腔中部，所述圆周层蓄热式辐射管围绕所述中心蓄热式辐射管呈圆周布置，包括：第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管和第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管，所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管竖直贯穿所述上段炉体的内腔，所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管竖直设置于所述下段炉体的内腔，所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管和第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管均包括：多根蓄热式辐射管，相邻两根蓄热式辐射管具有15°-60°的圆心夹角。Further, the regenerative radiant tube includes: a central regenerative radiant tube and a peripheral layer regenerative radiant tube, wherein the central regenerative radiant tube runs through the variable-diameter furnace body and is located at the variable-diameter In the middle of the inner cavity of the furnace body, the peripheral layer regenerative radiant tube is arranged in a circle around the central regenerative radiant tube, including: the first peripheral layer regenerative radiant tube and the second peripheral layer regenerative radiant tube , the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube vertically penetrates the inner cavity of the upper furnace body, the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the lower furnace body, the Both the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube and the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube include: a plurality of regenerative radiant tubes, and two adjacent regenerative radiant tubes have a circle center angle of 15°-60°.
进一步的，所述热解炉还包括：圆台形连接体，其两端分别与所述上段炉体和下段炉体相连通，形成所述变径炉体。Further, the pyrolysis furnace further includes: a truncated conical connecting body, the two ends of which are respectively connected with the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body to form the variable-diameter furnace body.
进一步的，所述热解炉还包括：物料进口、第一热解气出口、第二热解气出口和半焦出口，其中，所述物料进口设置于所述热解炉的顶部，所述第一热解气出口设置于所述上段炉体的中部侧壁上，所述第二热解气出口设置于所述下段炉体的中部侧壁上，所述半焦出口设置于所述炉体的底部，且与所述半焦锁斗相连。Further, the pyrolysis furnace also includes: a material inlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet, and a semi-coke outlet, wherein the material inlet is arranged on the top of the pyrolysis furnace, and the The first pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the upper furnace body, the second pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the lower furnace body, and the semi-coke outlet is arranged on the furnace The bottom of the body, and connected with the semi-focus lock bucket.
进一步的，所述中心蓄热式辐射管的一端位于所述物料进口处，另一端位于所述半焦出口处；所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管的一端位于所述物料进口处，另一端贯穿所述连接体延伸至所述上段炉体的外部；所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管的一端位于所述连接体的落料口处，另一端位于所述半焦出口处。Further, one end of the central regenerative radiant tube is located at the material inlet, and the other end is located at the semi-coke outlet; one end of the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is located at the material inlet, The other end extends through the connecting body to the outside of the upper furnace body; one end of the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is located at the blanking port of the connecting body, and the other end is located at the semi-coke outlet .
进一步的，所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管形成的圆的半径为r1，所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管形成的圆的半径为r2，所述上段炉体的半径为R，其中，2/5< r1/R<4/5，2/5<r2/ r1<4/5。Further, the radius of the circle formed by the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is r 1 , the radius of the circle formed by the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is r 2 , and the radius of the upper furnace body is is R, where 2/5<r 1 /R<4/5, 2/5<r 2 /r 1 <4/5.
进一步的，所述进料系统还包括：原煤贮仓、磨煤机、粉煤过滤器和惰性气体发生器，其中，所述原煤贮仓、磨煤机、粉煤过滤器依次相连，所述粉煤过滤器的底部出口与所述粉煤贮仓的贮仓入口相连，所述惰性气体发生器分别与所述粉煤过滤器的侧部出口和所述磨煤机的惰性气体入口相连。Further, the feed system also includes: a raw coal storage bin, a coal mill, a pulverized coal filter, and an inert gas generator, wherein the raw coal storage bin, the coal pulverizer, and the pulverized coal filter are connected in sequence, and the The outlet at the bottom of the pulverized coal filter is connected with the silo inlet of the pulverized coal silo, and the inert gas generator is respectively connected with the side outlet of the pulverized coal filter and the inert gas inlet of the pulverizer.
进一步的，还包括：热解气处理系统，其包括：油气分离系统、热解气净化系统和焦油收集器，其中，所述油气分离系统分别与所述第一热解气出口和第二热解气出口相连，所述热解气净化系统与所述油气分离系统的气体出口相连，所述焦油收集器与所述油气分离系统的焦油出口相连。Further, it also includes: a pyrolysis gas treatment system, which includes: an oil-gas separation system, a pyrolysis gas purification system, and a tar collector, wherein the oil-gas separation system is connected to the first pyrolysis gas outlet and the second thermal The decomposed gas outlet is connected, the pyrolysis gas purification system is connected with the gas outlet of the oil-gas separation system, and the tar collector is connected with the tar outlet of the oil-gas separation system.
在本发明的另一方面，提出了一种利用前面所述的多段式快速热解反应系统热解的方法，包括以下步骤：In another aspect of the present invention, a method for pyrolysis using the aforementioned multi-stage fast pyrolysis reaction system is proposed, comprising the following steps:
（1）磨煤干燥处理：将原煤磨制成煤粉，经所述惰性气体发生器产生的高温惰性气体烘干输送至粉煤过滤器中，高温惰性气体和粉煤进行分离，得到的粉煤送入粉煤贮仓，得到的高温惰性气体再次送入磨煤机使用；(1) Coal grinding and drying treatment: the raw coal is ground into coal powder, and the high-temperature inert gas generated by the inert gas generator is dried and transported to the pulverized coal filter, and the high-temperature inert gas and pulverized coal are separated to obtain the pulverized coal The coal is sent to the pulverized coal storage bin, and the high-temperature inert gas obtained is sent to the coal mill again for use;
（2）粉煤加压输送处理：将粉煤贮仓内的粉煤常压送入粉煤锁斗中，所述粉煤锁斗加压后将粉煤送入粉煤给料罐内，使粉煤给料罐与热解炉形成稳定压差，粉煤连续送入所述热解炉；(2) Pulverized coal pressurized conveying treatment: the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal storage bin is sent to the pulverized coal lock hopper under normal pressure, and the pulverized coal lock hopper is pressurized to send the pulverized coal into the pulverized coal feeding tank. Make the pulverized coal feed tank and the pyrolysis furnace form a stable pressure difference, and the pulverized coal is continuously fed into the pyrolysis furnace;
（3）热解处理：粉煤依次经过上段炉体和下段炉体被所述蓄热式辐射管热解，得到热解油气和高温半焦；(3) Pyrolysis treatment: the pulverized coal is pyrolyzed by the regenerative radiant tube through the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body in turn to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and high-temperature semi-coke;
（4）热解气处理：将热解油气进行油气分离处理，得到热解气和焦油，所述热解气送入热解气净化系统净化，所述焦油送入焦油收集器中；(4) Pyrolysis gas treatment: Separating pyrolysis gas from oil and gas to obtain pyrolysis gas and tar, the pyrolysis gas is sent to the pyrolysis gas purification system for purification, and the tar is sent to the tar collector;
（5）半焦处理：将高温半焦经半焦锁斗排出，与原煤混合送入制粉系统制粉后，送入煤粉锅炉燃烧发电。(5) Semi-coke treatment: The high-temperature semi-coke is discharged through the semi-coke lock hopper, mixed with raw coal and sent to the pulverization system for pulverization, and then sent to the pulverized coal boiler for combustion to generate electricity.
进一步的，所述步骤（3）中，所述蓄热式辐射管的管壁温度为600-1200℃，粉煤在所述热解炉中自上而下停留时间为2-10s，被加热至550-110℃。Further, in the step (3), the tube wall temperature of the regenerative radiant tube is 600-1200°C, the pulverized coal stays in the pyrolysis furnace for 2-10s from top to bottom, and is heated to 550-110°C.
本发明至少包括以下有益效果：The present invention at least includes the following beneficial effects:
1）本发明采用合理的竖管布置，降低粉煤对辐射管的磨损量，减少设备维护成本，增加设备使用寿命；1) The present invention adopts a reasonable arrangement of vertical pipes to reduce the amount of wear of pulverized coal on the radiant pipes, reduce equipment maintenance costs, and increase the service life of equipment;
2）本发明热解炉设计成承压容器，气体压力升高，体积减少，使得装置小型化，极大地减少了后续的尾气净化工艺流程，降低了设备和工艺造价；2) The pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is designed as a pressure vessel, the gas pressure increases and the volume decreases, which makes the device miniaturized, greatly reduces the subsequent exhaust gas purification process, and reduces the cost of equipment and processes;
3）本发明采用多段变径式炉体，能针对不同粒径的粉煤都能迅速完成热解反应，在保证热解效果的同时，降低炉体高度；3) The present invention adopts a multi-stage variable-diameter furnace body, which can quickly complete the pyrolysis reaction for pulverized coal with different particle sizes, and reduce the height of the furnace body while ensuring the pyrolysis effect;
4）在热解处理前设置的进料系统，利用惰性气体输送干燥进行循环利用，利用粉煤锁斗和粉煤给料罐实现了热解炉给料的连续性，保证系统稳定运行；4) The feeding system set up before the pyrolysis treatment uses inert gas to transport and dry for recycling, and uses the pulverized coal lock hopper and pulverized coal feeding tank to realize the continuity of the pyrolysis furnace feeding and ensure the stable operation of the system;
5）利用高温半焦送入煤粉锅炉，充分利用资源，提供发电能源的利用率，节能环保。5) Use high-temperature semi-coke to feed into pulverized coal boilers, make full use of resources, improve the utilization rate of power generation energy, save energy and protect the environment.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明多段式快速热解反应系统结构简图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage fast pyrolysis reaction system of the present invention.
图2为本发明多段式快速热解反应系统结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage fast pyrolysis reaction system of the present invention.
图3为粉煤加压输送单元原理图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the pulverized coal pressurized conveying unit.
图4为本发明热解炉结构示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
图5为本发明热解炉的俯视图。Fig. 5 is a top view of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention.
其中，原煤贮仓1、磨煤机2、惰性气体发生器3、粉煤过滤器4、气固入口401、底部出口402、侧部出口403、粉煤贮仓5、贮仓入口501、贮仓出口502、第一空气入口503、粉煤锁斗6、锁斗入口601、第一充压口602、第二充压口603、第三充压口604、第一空气出口605、第二空气入口606、锁斗出口607、过滤器608、粉煤给料罐7、给料进口701、给料出口702、第二空气出口703、热解炉8、物料进口801、第一热解气出口802、第二热解气出口803、半焦出口804、上段炉体805、连接体806、下段炉体807、中心蓄热式辐射管808、第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管809、第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管810、半焦锁斗9、油气分离系统10、气体出口101、焦油出口102、焦油收集器11、热解气净化系统12、制粉系统13、第二原煤入口1301、煤粉锅炉14、单阀15、双阀16。Among them, raw coal storage bin 1, coal mill 2, inert gas generator 3, pulverized coal filter 4, gas-solid inlet 401, bottom outlet 402, side outlet 403, pulverized coal storage bin 5, storage bin inlet 501, storage bin Bin outlet 502, first air inlet 503, pulverized coal lock hopper 6, lock hopper inlet 601, first charging port 602, second charging port 603, third charging port 604, first air outlet 605, second Air inlet 606, lock hopper outlet 607, filter 608, pulverized coal feed tank 7, feed inlet 701, feed outlet 702, second air outlet 703, pyrolysis furnace 8, material inlet 801, first pyrolysis gas Outlet 802, second pyrolysis gas outlet 803, semi-coke outlet 804, upper furnace body 805, connecting body 806, lower furnace body 807, central regenerative radiant tube 808, first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube 809, second Two circumferential layer regenerative radiant tubes 810, semi-coke lock bucket 9, oil-gas separation system 10, gas outlet 101, tar outlet 102, tar collector 11, pyrolysis gas purification system 12, pulverizing system 13, second raw coal inlet 1301. Pulverized coal boiler 14, single valve 15, double valve 16.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The embodiments described below are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. If no specific technique or condition is indicated in the examples, it shall be carried out according to the technique or condition described in the literature in this field or according to the product specification.
根据本发明的实施例，图1为本发明多段式快速热解反应系统结构简图，参照图1所示，本发明所述多段式快速热解反应系统包括：进料系统、热解炉、热解气处理系统和半焦处理系统，其中，所述进料系统包括：磨煤干燥单元和粉煤加压输送单元。According to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage fast pyrolysis reaction system of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 1, the multi-stage fast pyrolysis reaction system of the present invention includes: a feed system, a pyrolysis furnace, A pyrolysis gas processing system and a semi-coke processing system, wherein the feed system includes: a coal grinding and drying unit and a pulverized coal pressurized conveying unit.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图1所示，本发明所述磨煤干燥单元包括：原煤贮仓、磨煤机、粉煤过滤器和惰性气体发生器，其中，所述磨煤机与所述原煤贮仓的原煤出口相连，所述粉煤过滤器的气固入口与所述磨煤机的气固出口相连，所述惰性气体发生器分别与所述粉煤过滤器的侧部出口和所述磨煤机的惰性气体入口相连，将原煤磨制成煤粉，经所述惰性气体发生器产生的高温惰性气体形成的气流烘干输送至粉煤过滤器中，将高温惰性气体和粉煤进行分离，得到的粉煤送入粉煤贮仓，得到的高温惰性气体再次送入磨煤机循环使用。According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig. 1, the coal grinding and drying unit of the present invention includes: a raw coal storage bin, a coal mill, a pulverized coal filter and an inert gas generator, wherein the coal mill and the The raw coal outlet of the raw coal storage bin is connected, the gas-solid inlet of the pulverized coal filter is connected with the gas-solid outlet of the coal mill, and the inert gas generator is connected with the side outlet and the side outlet of the pulverized coal filter respectively. The inert gas inlet of the coal mill is connected, and the raw coal is ground into coal powder, and the airflow formed by the high-temperature inert gas generated by the inert gas generator is dried and transported to the pulverized coal filter, and the high-temperature inert gas and powder The coal is separated, and the obtained pulverized coal is sent to the pulverized coal storage bin, and the obtained high-temperature inert gas is sent to the coal mill for recycling.
根据本发明的实施例，图3为粉煤加压输送单元原理图，参照图1和3所示，本发明所述粉煤加压输送单元包括：粉煤贮仓、粉煤锁斗和粉煤给料罐，其中，所述粉煤贮仓的贮仓入口与所述粉煤过滤器的底部出口相连，所述粉煤锁斗的锁斗入口经双阀与所述粉煤贮仓的贮仓出口相连，所述粉煤锁斗的第一空气出口经单阀与所述粉煤贮仓的第一空气入口相连，根据本发明的一些实施例，本发明所述粉煤锁斗经单阀与过滤器相连，在所述粉煤锁斗上设有多个充压口，分别通过单阀外接充压管道，对所述粉煤锁斗进行充压，本发明充压口优选为三个，分别为：第一充压口602、第二充压口603、第三充压口604，其中，所述第一充压口设置在所述粉煤锁斗的上部，外接一根充压管道，所述第二充压口设置在所述粉煤锁斗的中部，外接三根充压管道，所述第三充压口设置在所述粉煤锁斗的下部，外接一根充压管道；所述粉煤给料罐的给料进口经双阀与所述粉煤锁斗的锁斗出口相连，所述粉煤给料罐的第二空气出口经双阀与所述粉煤锁斗的第二空气入口相连。According to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pulverized coal pressurized conveying unit. Referring to Figs. 1 and 3, the pulverized coal pressurized conveying unit of the present invention includes: Coal feeding tank, wherein, the silo inlet of the pulverized coal silo is connected to the bottom outlet of the pulverized coal filter, and the lock hopper inlet of the pulverized coal lock hopper is connected to the outlet of the pulverized coal silo through double valves. The outlet of the silo is connected, and the first air outlet of the pulverized coal lock hopper is connected with the first air inlet of the pulverized coal silo through a single valve. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pulverized coal lock hopper of the present invention is The single valve is connected with the filter, and a plurality of pressure charging ports are arranged on the pulverized coal lock bucket, and the pulverized coal lock bucket is pressurized through the single valve externally connected to the pressure charging pipeline, and the pressure charging port of the present invention is preferably Three, respectively: the first charging port 602, the second charging port 603, and the third charging port 604, wherein the first charging port is set on the upper part of the pulverized coal lock bucket, and a A pressure-charging pipeline, the second pressure-charging port is set in the middle of the pulverized-coal lock bucket, connected with three pressure-charging pipelines, the third pressure-charging port is set in the lower part of the pulverized-coal lock bucket, and connected with a charging pipeline pressure pipeline; the feed inlet of the pulverized coal feed tank is connected with the lock hopper outlet of the pulverized coal lock hopper through double valves, and the second air outlet of the pulverized coal feed tank is connected with the pulverized coal feed tank through double valves. The second air inlet of the lock bucket is connected.
为了更好的理解与描述，本发明将所述粉煤锁斗的锁斗入口与所述粉煤贮仓的贮仓出口相连管路中的双阀描述为上双阀，将所述粉煤给料罐的给料进口与所述粉煤锁斗的锁斗出口相连管路中的双阀描述为下双阀。For better understanding and description, the present invention describes the double valve in the pipeline connecting the lock hopper inlet of the pulverized coal lock hopper with the silo outlet of the pulverized coal silo as an upper double valve, and the pulverized coal The double valve in the pipeline connecting the feed inlet of the feed tank with the lock hopper outlet of the pulverized coal lock hopper is described as a lower double valve.
根据本发明的具体实施例，参照图3所示，加煤的过程是一个间歇的过程，当所述粉煤贮仓中有粉煤，先将所述下双阀关闭，打开所述上双阀，由于是常压，粉煤下落至所述粉煤锁斗内，所述粉煤锁斗内的气体通过控制所述粉煤锁斗与所述粉煤贮仓相连管路中的单阀排出到所述粉煤贮仓中，多余的气体通过所述过滤器过滤，通过待接收到的粉煤已经到达上料位的信号时，关闭所述上双阀，由于粉煤给料罐与所述热解炉相连通，热解炉内部具有压力，因此，粉煤若要从所述粉煤锁斗下落至所述粉煤给料罐内，则需要对所述粉煤锁斗进行充压，即通过本发明的三个充压口进行充压，首先，先经过所述第一充压口充压，使煤粉物料上方充好气压，此时煤粉会被压实，无法落下，然后分别经过所述第二充压口和所述第三充压口依次进行充压，当所述粉煤锁斗的压力与粉煤给料罐中的压力相当时，打开下双阀，使粉料下落至所述粉煤给料罐内，当所述粉煤锁斗排空后，关闭所述下双阀，打开冲压管道中的单阀，此处可以理解为泄压阀，将所述粉煤锁斗的压力降到常压，然后打开上双阀，开始下一个加煤循环，所述粉煤给料罐内的气体经所述粉煤给料罐的第二空气出口排入所述粉煤锁斗中。According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, the process of adding coal is an intermittent process. When there is pulverized coal in the pulverized coal storage bin, the lower double valves are first closed, and the upper double valves are opened. Due to the normal pressure, the pulverized coal falls into the pulverized coal lock hopper, and the gas in the pulverized coal lock hopper passes through the single valve in the pipeline connecting the pulverized coal lock hopper and the pulverized coal storage bin. Discharged into the pulverized coal storage bin, the excess gas is filtered through the filter, and when the received signal that the pulverized coal has reached the upper material level is passed, the upper double valve is closed, because the pulverized coal feed tank and the The pyrolysis furnaces are connected, and there is pressure inside the pyrolysis furnace. Therefore, if the pulverized coal falls from the pulverized coal lock hopper into the pulverized coal feed tank, the pulverized coal lock hopper needs to be filled. Pressure, that is, pressurize through the three pressure charging ports of the present invention. First, pressurize through the first pressure charging port so that the air pressure is filled above the pulverized coal material. At this time, the pulverized coal will be compacted and cannot fall , and then pressurize successively through the second pressure charging port and the third pressure charging port respectively, when the pressure of the pulverized coal lock hopper is equivalent to the pressure in the pulverized coal feed tank, open the lower double valve, Make the powder fall into the pulverized coal feed tank, when the pulverized coal lock hopper is emptied, close the lower double valve, open the single valve in the stamping pipeline, which can be understood as a pressure relief valve here, and the The pressure of the pulverized coal lock hopper drops to normal pressure, and then the upper double valve is opened to start the next coal feeding cycle, and the gas in the pulverized coal feeding tank is discharged through the second air outlet of the pulverized coal feeding tank. into the pulverized coal lock hopper.
可以理解的是，本发明采用所述粉煤给料罐和粉煤锁斗相配合使用的方式，通过所述粉煤锁斗连通常压的所述粉煤贮仓和粉煤给料罐，粉煤锁斗常压进料，加压向粉煤给料罐放料，实现了向所述热解炉进料的连续性，提高了整个工艺流程的处理效率，避免了单独使用粉煤锁斗的间歇式供料导致的效率低下的缺点。It can be understood that, the present invention adopts the method that the pulverized coal feed tank and the pulverized coal lock hopper are used together, and the pulverized coal storage bin and the pulverized coal feed tank under normal pressure are connected by the pulverized coal lock hopper, The pulverized coal lock hopper is fed under normal pressure, and the pulverized coal feed tank is pressurized to discharge the material, which realizes the continuity of feeding to the pyrolysis furnace, improves the processing efficiency of the entire process, and avoids the use of pulverized coal lock alone. The disadvantage of inefficiency caused by the intermittent feeding of buckets.
根据本发明的一些实施例，本发明所述粉煤给料罐另外还设有气体进口和出口，根据炉内压力和物料位计的具体情况，适当进气与排气，维持所述粉煤给料罐内的压力稳定，与所述热解炉之间保持稳定的压差，使煤粉进料连续稳定运行。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pulverized coal feed tank of the present invention is further provided with a gas inlet and an outlet, and according to the specific conditions of the furnace pressure and the material level gauge, proper intake and exhaust are used to maintain the pulverized coal The pressure in the feed tank is stable and maintains a stable pressure difference with the pyrolysis furnace, so that the pulverized coal feed can run continuously and stably.
根据本发明的实施例，图4为本发明热解炉结构示意图，图5为本发明热解炉的俯视图，参照图4和5所示，本发明所述热解炉包括：变径炉体和蓄热式辐射管。According to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention, and Fig. 5 is a top view of the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention, referring to Figs. 4 and 5, the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention includes: a variable diameter furnace body and regenerative radiant tubes.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图4和5所示，所述变径炉体包括：依次相连通的上段炉体、连接体和下段炉体，通过所述连接体对所述炉体进行变径，使得所述上段炉体的直径大于所述下段炉体的直径，处理不同粒径的粉煤；根据本发明的一些实施例，所述上段炉体与下段炉体均为圆柱形，连接体为圆台形。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the variable-diameter furnace body includes: an upper furnace body, a connecting body, and a lower furnace body connected in sequence, and the furnace body is changed through the connecting body. diameter, so that the diameter of the upper furnace body is greater than the diameter of the lower furnace body, to process pulverized coal with different particle sizes; according to some embodiments of the present invention, the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body are both cylindrical, connected The body is frustum-shaped.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图1和图4所示，本发明所述热解炉还包括：物料进口、第一热解气出口、第二热解气出口和半焦出口，其中，所述物料进口设置于所述变径炉体的顶部，即所述上段炉体的顶部，且与所述粉煤给料罐的给料出口相连；所述第一热解气出口设置于所述上段炉体的中部侧壁上，所述第二热解气出口设置于所述下段炉体的中部侧壁上，用于排出热解产生的热解油气，所述半焦出口设置于所述炉体的底部，且与所述半焦锁斗相连，即所述下段炉体的底部，用于将热解产生的半焦排出。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention further includes: a material inlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a semi-coke outlet, wherein the The material inlet is arranged on the top of the variable-diameter furnace body, that is, the top of the upper furnace body, and is connected to the feed outlet of the pulverized coal feed tank; the first pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the On the middle side wall of the upper furnace body, the second pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the lower furnace body for discharging pyrolysis oil and gas generated by pyrolysis, and the semi-coke outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the lower furnace body. The bottom of the furnace body is connected with the semi-coke lock hopper, that is, the bottom of the lower furnace body, and is used to discharge the semi-coke produced by pyrolysis.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述半焦出口优选为锥形，排料速度快，避免了产生的半焦在炉内堆积，造成堵塞。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the semi-coke outlet is preferably conical, and the discharge speed is fast, so as to avoid the accumulation of produced semi-coke in the furnace and cause blockage.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述变径炉体的高度为5-20m，物料在所述热解炉内的停留时间在5s以上，本发明充分考虑了物料在高压下的反应效果，将炉体的横截面设置成圆形，并且本发明所述炉体的横截面也可为方形，优选为圆形横截面能承受更大压力，本装置的可承受压力为小于0.4MPa，但是根据材料要求，可适当提高承受压力；在常压下，气体密度不变，设置成加压装备后，气体压力升高，体积减少，相当于常压下气体体积的1/4，所以在相同的处理量下，可以做到装置小型化，极大地减少了后续的尾气净化工艺的流程，降低设备和工艺造价。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the variable-diameter furnace body is 5-20m, and the residence time of the material in the pyrolysis furnace is more than 5s. The present invention fully considers the reaction effect of the material under high pressure. The cross-section of the body of furnace is set to be circular, and the cross-section of the body of furnace described in the present invention can also be square, preferably the circular cross-section can withstand greater pressure, and the withstand pressure of this device is less than 0.4MPa, but according to According to the material requirements, the withstand pressure can be appropriately increased; under normal pressure, the gas density remains unchanged. After setting it as pressurized equipment, the gas pressure increases and the volume decreases, which is equivalent to 1/4 of the gas volume under normal pressure, so in the same With a low processing capacity, the device can be miniaturized, which greatly reduces the subsequent exhaust gas purification process and reduces the cost of equipment and processes.
根据本发明的一些实施例，炉内压力对煤的热解产率有影响，压力增大焦油产率减少，半焦和气态产物产率增加，较多的半焦可选择气力输送方式送入电厂锅炉作为原料，用于锅炉燃烧发电，解决了热解半焦的去路难题；同时压力增加，不仅半焦产率增多，而且其强度也提高，这是因为挥发物析出困难，使液相产物之间作用加强，发展了热缩聚反应，这更加有利于半焦的气力输送或制成型煤外售。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pressure in the furnace has an impact on the pyrolysis yield of coal. The increase in pressure reduces the yield of tar, increases the yield of semi-coke and gaseous products, and more semi-coke can be sent in by pneumatic conveying. Power plant boilers are used as raw materials for boiler combustion to generate electricity, which solves the problem of pyrolysis of semi-coke; at the same time, the increase in pressure not only increases the yield of semi-coke, but also increases its strength. The interaction between them is strengthened, and the thermal condensation reaction is developed, which is more conducive to the pneumatic transportation of semi-coke or the sale of briquettes.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图4和5所示，本发明所述蓄热式辐射管包括：中心蓄热式辐射管和圆周层蓄热式辐射管，其中，所述圆周层蓄热式辐射管围绕所述中心蓄热式辐射管呈圆周布置，包括：第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管和第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 , the regenerative radiant tube of the present invention includes: a central regenerative radiant tube and a peripheral layer regenerative radiant tube, wherein the peripheral layer regenerative The radiant tubes are arranged in a circle around the central regenerative radiant tube, including: a first peripheral layer regenerative radiant tube and a second peripheral layer regenerative radiant tube.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图4和5所示，本发明所述中心蓄热式辐射管贯穿所述炉体的顶部和底部，且位于所述炉体的内腔的中部，更具体的，位于所述炉体的正中心处，所述中心蓄热式辐射管的一端位于所述物料进口处，另一端位于所述半焦出口处，所述中心蓄热式辐射管的直径为10-45cm。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the central regenerative radiant tube of the present invention runs through the top and bottom of the furnace body and is located in the middle of the inner cavity of the furnace body, more specifically , located at the very center of the furnace body, one end of the central regenerative radiant tube is located at the material inlet, the other end is located at the semi-coke outlet, and the diameter of the central regenerative radiant tube is 10 -45cm.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图4和5所示，本发明所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管竖直贯穿所述上段炉体的内腔，更具体的，所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管的一端位于所述物料进口处，另一端贯穿所述连接体延伸至所述上段炉体的外部，所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管的直径为10-30cm。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the regenerative radiant tube of the first circumferential layer of the present invention vertically penetrates the inner cavity of the upper furnace body, more specifically, the first circumferential layer One end of the regenerative radiant tube is located at the material inlet, and the other end extends through the connecting body to the outside of the upper furnace body. The diameter of the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is 10-30 cm.
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述中心蓄热式辐射管采取较大直径，其直径为所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管的直径的1-1.5倍，使所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管周围的温度场更接近所述中心蓄热式辐射管表面的温度，可以使沿圆周向的温度梯度减少，利于温度场的均匀稳定。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the central regenerative radiant tube adopts a larger diameter, which is 1-1.5 times the diameter of the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube, so that the first circumferential layer The temperature field around the regenerative radiant tube is closer to the temperature of the surface of the central regenerative radiant tube, which can reduce the temperature gradient along the circumference, which is beneficial to the uniformity and stability of the temperature field.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图4和5所示，本发明所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管竖直设置于所述下段炉体的内腔，更具体的，所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管的一端位于所述连接体的落料口处，另一端位于所述半焦出口处，所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管的直径为5-15cm，安装时，使其直径小于所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管的直径，由于所述下段炉体的体积小，热量更加集中。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube of the present invention is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the lower furnace body, more specifically, the second circumferential layer One end of the layer regenerative radiant tube is located at the blanking port of the connecting body, and the other end is located at the semi-coke outlet. The diameter of the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is 5-15cm. When installing, The diameter is made smaller than that of the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube, and the heat is more concentrated due to the small volume of the lower furnace body.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图4所示，本发明所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管和第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管的层数均至少为一层，每层均包括：多根蓄热式辐射管，且相邻两根蓄热式辐射管具有相同的圆心夹角α为15°-60°，所述圆心夹角α过小不仅会使蓄热式辐射管数量增加，而且易造成局部温度升高，引起温度场不均，所述圆心夹角α取值过大又会造成温度场不够的现象发生，本发明很好地解决了该技术问题，采用合理的蓄热式辐射管布置方式，有效的保证了炉内的温度场均匀。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the number of layers of the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube and the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube of the present invention is at least one layer, and each layer includes: Multiple regenerative radiant tubes, and two adjacent regenerative radiant tubes have the same center angle α of 15°-60°, too small angle α will not only increase the number of regenerative radiant tubes , and it is easy to cause the local temperature to rise, resulting in uneven temperature field. If the value of the angle α between the center of the circle is too large, it will cause the phenomenon that the temperature field is not enough. The present invention solves this technical problem well. The arrangement of thermal radiant tubes effectively ensures the uniform temperature field in the furnace.
根据本发明的一些实施例，为了增加物料处理量，在保持所述圆心夹角α不变的条件下，进行所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管和第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管的层数的增加，且保持每层之间的间隔距离相等，例如：当所述层数为两层时，对于所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管：第二层所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管与第一层所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管之间的间隔距离等于第一层所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管与所述中心蓄热式辐射管之间的间隔距离，同样的，对于所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管：第二层所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管与第一层所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管之间的间隔距离等于第一层所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管与所述中心蓄热式辐射管之间的间隔距离，当层数为三层以上时，以此类推。According to some embodiments of the present invention, in order to increase the material handling capacity, the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube and the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube are carried out under the condition that the angle α between the center of the circle remains unchanged. increase the number of layers, and keep the distance between each layer equal, for example: when the number of layers is two layers, for the regenerative radiant tube of the first circumferential layer: the first circumferential layer of the second layer The distance between the layer regenerative radiant tube and the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube of the first layer is equal to the distance between the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube of the first layer and the central regenerative radiant tube The spacing distance between, similarly, for the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube: the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube in the second layer and the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube in the first layer The distance between the tubes is equal to the distance between the regenerative radiant tubes of the first layer, the second circumferential layer and the central regenerative radiant tube, and so on when the number of layers is more than three.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图2所示，所述第一圆周层蓄热式辐射管形成的圆的半径为r1，所述第二圆周层蓄热式辐射管形成的圆的半径为r2，所述上段炉体的半径为R，其中，2/5< r1/R<4/5，2/5< r2/ r1<4/5，r1/R优选为1/2，r2/ r1优选为1/2，本发明采取合适的比例，使得所述炉内的温度场更加均匀。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2 , the radius of the circle formed by the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is r 1 , and the radius of the circle formed by the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is r 2 , the radius of the upper furnace body is R, wherein, 2/5< r 1 /R<4/5, 2/5< r 2 /r 1 <4/5, r 1 /R is preferably 1/ 2. r 2 /r 1 is preferably 1/2, and the present invention adopts an appropriate ratio to make the temperature field in the furnace more uniform.
根据本发明的一些实施例，本发明所述蓄热式辐射管采用直型蓄热式辐射管，每根蓄热式辐射管可以通过燃气调节阀单独控温。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the regenerative radiant tubes of the present invention adopt straight regenerative radiant tubes, and the temperature of each regenerative radiant tube can be individually controlled by a gas regulating valve.
根据本发明的一些实施例，本发明通过合理的角度与参数控制，有利于保证蓄热式辐射管提供的热量分布均匀，并能减少蓄热式辐射管的数量，增大处理量，参数过大与过小都会使蓄热式辐射管的局部区域过热，造成热量分布不均。According to some embodiments of the present invention, through reasonable angle and parameter control, the present invention is beneficial to ensure that the heat provided by the regenerative radiant tube is evenly distributed, and can reduce the number of regenerative radiant tubes, increase the processing capacity, and the parameters are too large. Too large or too small will overheat the local area of the regenerative radiant tube, resulting in uneven heat distribution.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图2所示，本发明所述热解气处理系统包括：油气分离系统、热解气净化系统和焦油收集器，其中，所述油气分离系统分别与所述第一热解气出口和第二热解气出口相连，所述热解气净化系统与所述油气分离系统的气体出口相连，所述焦油收集器与所述油气分离系统的焦油出口相连。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, the pyrolysis gas treatment system of the present invention includes: an oil-gas separation system, a pyrolysis gas purification system and a tar collector, wherein the oil-gas separation system is respectively connected to the first A pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to a second pyrolysis gas outlet, the pyrolysis gas purification system is connected to the gas outlet of the oil-gas separation system, and the tar collector is connected to the tar outlet of the oil-gas separation system.
根据本发明的实施例，参照图2所示，本发明所述半焦处理系统包括：制粉系统和煤粉锅炉，其中，所述制粉系统与所述热解炉底部设置的半焦锁斗相连，所述煤粉锅炉与所述制粉系统相连，将热解产生的高温半焦与经所述制粉系统的第二原煤入口排入的原煤混合制粉后，送入煤粉锅炉燃烧发电，充分利用资源，提供发电能源的利用率，节能环保。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, the semi-coke processing system of the present invention includes: a pulverizing system and a pulverized coal boiler, wherein, the semi-coke lock between the pulverizing system and the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace The pulverized coal boiler is connected to the pulverizing system, and the high-temperature semi-coke produced by pyrolysis is mixed with the raw coal discharged through the second raw coal inlet of the pulverizing system to pulverize, and then sent to the pulverized coal boiler Combustion power generation, make full use of resources, improve the utilization rate of power generation energy, energy saving and environmental protection.
在本发明的另一方面，提出了一种利用前面所述的多段式快速热解反应系统热解的方法，参照图2所示，具体包括以下步骤。In another aspect of the present invention, a pyrolysis method using the above-mentioned multi-stage fast pyrolysis reaction system is proposed, as shown in FIG. 2 , which specifically includes the following steps.
（1）磨煤干燥处理：来自原煤贮仓的原煤经称重给煤机计量后进入磨煤机，将原煤磨制成煤粉，经所述惰性气体发生器产生的高温惰性气体烘干输送至粉煤过滤器中，高温惰性气体和粉煤进行分离，得到的粉煤由螺旋输送机送入粉煤贮仓，得到的高温惰性气体则再次送入磨煤机继续循环使用。(1) Coal grinding and drying treatment: the raw coal from the raw coal storage bin is measured by the weighing coal feeder and then enters the coal mill, and the raw coal is ground into coal powder, which is dried and transported by the high-temperature inert gas generated by the inert gas generator In the pulverized coal filter, the high-temperature inert gas and pulverized coal are separated, and the obtained pulverized coal is sent to the pulverized coal storage bin by the screw conveyor, and the obtained high-temperature inert gas is sent to the coal mill for continuous recycling.
（2）粉煤加压输送处理：将合格符合要求的粉煤储藏在粉煤贮仓内，粉煤常压送入粉煤锁斗中，所述粉煤锁斗加压后将粉煤送入粉煤给料罐内，使粉煤给料罐与热解炉形成稳定压差，粉煤连续送入所述热解炉，此处粉煤加压输送的原理见上述，此处不再赘述。(2) Pulverized coal pressurized conveying treatment: store the qualified pulverized coal in the pulverized coal storage bin, and send the pulverized coal into the pulverized coal lock hopper under normal pressure, and the pulverized coal lock hopper will send the pulverized coal to the into the pulverized coal feed tank, so that the pulverized coal feed tank and the pyrolysis furnace form a stable pressure difference, and the pulverized coal is continuously fed into the pyrolysis furnace. repeat.
（3）热解处理：粉煤依次经过上段炉体和下段炉体被所述直型蓄热式辐射管热解，管壁温度利用燃气调节阀控制在600-1200℃，在炉内中自上而下停留2-10s，粉煤在热解炉内被加热到550-1100℃，完成热解过程，得到热解油气和高温半焦。(3) Pyrolysis treatment: pulverized coal is pyrolyzed by the straight regenerative radiant tube through the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body in turn, and the temperature of the tube wall is controlled at 600-1200 ° C by a gas regulating valve. Staying from top to bottom for 2-10s, the pulverized coal is heated to 550-1100°C in the pyrolysis furnace to complete the pyrolysis process and obtain pyrolysis oil gas and high-temperature semi-coke.
根据本发明的一些实施例，在热解过程中温度场的温度可通过多种方式调节，例如，调整蓄热式辐射管的根数；蓄热式辐射管的层数；蓄热式辐射管彼此之间的间距；各蓄热式辐射管本身的温度。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the temperature field during the pyrolysis process can be adjusted in various ways, for example, adjusting the number of regenerative radiant tubes; the number of layers of regenerative radiant tubes; the number of layers of regenerative radiant tubes; the distance between each other; the temperature of each regenerative radiant tube itself.
本本发明所述热解炉采用的煤种为<1mm的粉煤，减轻磨煤机的压力，煤种来源广泛；在高温条件下，由于小粒径的粉煤比大粒径的粉煤在炉内停留时间更长，热解炉体在相同高度的条件下，小粒径的粉煤热解更充分，在运行中，小粒径的粉煤先热解完全，炉内停留时间长，首先停留在上段炉体内，而相对大粒径的粉煤由于重力原因，在上段炉体反应时间较短，热解不完全，再经所述连接体的落料口进入到下段炉体继续进行热解，由于大粒径的粉煤先行落入到下段，与小粒径粉煤在下落过程中形成时间差，因此，在小直径的下段炉体内不会产生堵料现象。The coal type used in the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention is <1mm pulverized coal, which reduces the pressure of the coal mill and has a wide range of coal sources; The residence time in the furnace is longer. Under the condition of the same height of the pyrolysis furnace body, the pulverized coal with small particle size is pyrolyzed more fully. Firstly, it stays in the upper furnace body, and the pulverized coal with relatively large particle size has a short reaction time in the upper furnace body due to gravity, and the pyrolysis is incomplete, and then enters the lower furnace body through the blanking port of the connecting body to continue For pyrolysis, since the pulverized coal with large particle size falls into the lower section first, there is a time difference with the pulverized coal with small particle size during the falling process. Therefore, there will be no material blocking phenomenon in the small-diameter lower section of the furnace body.
根据本发明的一些实施例，本发明系统能够高效处理大小粒径混合的细粉煤种，拓宽了煤种的适应性，尤其适应于高温条件下的热解，例如将辐射管温度加热到1200℃以上时，炉内温度会达到1100℃左右，结焦现象的产生原因是熔化状态下的灰沉积在受热面上，优质原料煤的灰熔点一般在1250-1500℃，而劣质煤种的灰熔点则低于1100℃，这种种在热解过程中就非常容易结焦；而结焦易成灰渣大块，结焦若熔合成大块时，因重力从上部落下，会下落砸到下方布置的辐射管，不仅会影响到已有的温度场均匀性，还会造成加剧辐射管的冲击磨损，长时间运行，容易使辐射管漏气，带来安全隐患。而本装置采用竖直布置辐射管方式，即使正常结焦也不会对下面的辐射管道进行冲击，能保证长时间安全运行。According to some embodiments of the present invention, the system of the present invention can efficiently process fine pulverized coal with mixed particle sizes, which broadens the adaptability of coal, especially suitable for pyrolysis under high temperature conditions, such as heating the temperature of the radiant tube to 1200 When it is above ℃, the temperature in the furnace will reach about 1100℃. The reason for the coking phenomenon is that the ash in the molten state is deposited on the heating surface. The ash melting point of high-quality raw coal is generally 1250-1500℃, while the ash melting point of inferior coal If it is lower than 1100°C, it is very easy to coke during the pyrolysis process; and coke is easy to form a large piece of ash. If the coke is fused into a large piece, it will fall from the top due to gravity, and it will fall to the radiation placed below. The tube will not only affect the uniformity of the existing temperature field, but also cause aggravated impact and wear of the radiant tube. Long-term operation will easily cause the radiant tube to leak and bring safety hazards. However, this device adopts the method of vertically arranging radiation tubes, even if coking is normal, it will not impact the radiation tubes below, which can ensure long-term safe operation.
更具体的，在长时间运行过程中，物料从顶部到底部下行的过程中，速度越来越大，当蓄热式辐射管横向布置时，对辐射管的冲击磨损很大，实验表明，在材料介质为Cr28Ni48w5钢材下，3-5mm的颗粒在900℃以上，长时间连续运行时，对钢材的磨损量将达到1-2.3mm每年，造成了具大经济损失，本发明采用竖管布置，很好地解决了该技术问题，将对下端辐射管的磨损量降低几乎为零，减少了设备维护成本。More specifically, in the process of long-term operation, the speed of the material is getting bigger and bigger when the material is descending from the top to the bottom. When the regenerative radiant tube is arranged horizontally, the impact wear on the radiant tube is very large. The experiment shows that in The material medium is Cr28Ni48w5 steel, and the particles of 3-5mm are above 900°C. During long-term continuous operation, the amount of wear on the steel will reach 1-2.3mm per year, resulting in a large economic loss. The present invention adopts the vertical pipe arrangement. This technical problem is well solved, the wear on the lower radiant tube is reduced to almost zero, and the equipment maintenance cost is reduced.
根据本发明的实施例，本发明热解炉对黏结性煤的适应性强，煤的黏结性是煤粒在隔绝空气受热后能否粘结其本身或惰性物质（即无粘结力的物质）成焦块的性质；煤在热解过程中，一般要经过软化、熔合、膨胀、固化和收缩几个阶段。当温度等于或高于煤的软化点（一般为315-350℃）时，煤都软化成胶质体，对于黏结性煤，在此范围内极易黏结自身或其他物质出现结焦，导致炉内出现蓬料、堵塞、半焦产品无法下料等问题，对于横向的辐射管布置方式，由于物料下落过程中，物料直接与辐射管进行接触，大面积的结焦现象会使物料下料受阻，引起炉内压力升高，容易造成热解气体外漏等现象，而采用本发明的竖管方式布置后，减少了与物料的接触面积，黏结性引起的结焦现象得到大大改善。According to the embodiments of the present invention, the pyrolysis furnace of the present invention has strong adaptability to caking coal, and the caking property of coal is whether coal particles can bond themselves or inert substances (i.e. non-cohesive substances) after being heated in isolation from the air. ) The nature of coking blocks; during the pyrolysis process, coal generally goes through several stages of softening, fusion, expansion, solidification and shrinkage. When the temperature is equal to or higher than the softening point of coal (generally 315-350°C), the coal softens into a colloidal body. For caking coal, it is very easy to stick to itself or other substances in this range to cause coking in the furnace. Problems such as fluffy, clogged, semi-coke products cannot be unloaded, etc. For the horizontal radiant tube arrangement, since the material directly contacts the radiant tube during the falling process of the material, large-area coking will hinder the unloading of the material, causing Increased pressure in the furnace may easily cause leakage of pyrolysis gas. However, the vertical pipe arrangement of the present invention reduces the contact area with materials, and the coking phenomenon caused by cohesiveness is greatly improved.
（4）热解气处理：将产生的的热解油气送入油气分离系统，进行油气分离处理，得到热解气和焦油，所述焦油送入焦油收集器中，所述热解气送入热解气净化系统净化，经过净化后的热解气可直接作为热值燃料外售或做下游产品。(4) Pyrolysis gas treatment: Send the generated pyrolysis oil gas to the oil-gas separation system for oil-gas separation treatment to obtain pyrolysis gas and tar, the tar is sent to the tar collector, and the pyrolysis gas is sent to the The pyrolysis gas purification system purifies, and the purified pyrolysis gas can be directly sold as calorific value fuel or made into downstream products.
（5）半焦处理：将产生的高温半焦经半焦锁斗排出，与发电使用的原煤混合送入制粉系统，制得的煤粉粒度为100μm以下，经一次风送入煤粉锅炉的燃烧器中燃烧发电。(5) Semi-coke treatment: The high-temperature semi-coke is discharged through the semi-coke lock hopper, mixed with raw coal used for power generation, and sent to the pulverization system. The particle size of the prepared coal powder is below 100 μm, and sent to the pulverized coal boiler through the primary air burner to generate electricity.
实施例：本工艺以陕西榆林煤矿厂区的煤为原料，粒径为如表1所示，利用热解炉对其进行热解过程，预先将粉煤进行干燥处理，经过干燥后粉煤的榆林煤基础数据如表2所示，气体成分分析见表3。Embodiment: This process is raw material with the coal of Shaanxi Yulin Coal Mine factory district, and particle size is as shown in Table 1, utilizes pyrolysis furnace to carry out pyrolysis process to it, pre-dried pulverized coal, after drying Yulin pulverized coal The basic coal data are shown in Table 2, and the gas composition analysis is shown in Table 3.
表1：榆林煤粒径分布Table 1: Yulin Coal Particle Size Distribution
表2：榆林煤基础数据Table 2: Yulin Coal Basic Data
热解炉高度为6米，处理量为15kg/h，为配合煤粉锅炉80%负荷运行5000小时，炉内压力0.4MPa；蓄热式辐射管的温度设置成1000度，最终得到的半焦43.5吨，热解气24吨，热解油水共7.5吨；较常压下相同操作条件相比，半焦与热解气总产率提高了12.5%。试验顺利进行至结束，并未发生黏结堵料憋压等问题。The height of the pyrolysis furnace is 6 meters, and the processing capacity is 15kg/h. In order to cooperate with the 80% load operation of the pulverized coal boiler for 5000 hours, the pressure in the furnace is 0.4MPa; the temperature of the regenerative radiant tube is set to 1000 degrees, and the final semi-coke 43.5 tons, 24 tons of pyrolysis gas, 7.5 tons of pyrolysis oil and water; compared with the same operating conditions under normal pressure, the total yield of semi-coke and pyrolysis gas increased by 12.5%. The test was carried out smoothly to the end, and no problems such as sticking, plugging and pressure holding occurred.
表3：气体成分分析Table 3: Gas composition analysis
与煤粉锅炉的燃烧全部为发电原料煤的情况相比，从热解炉排出的热态半焦占煤粉锅炉总量的58%时，整个系统能量利用效率提高了2.2%，把净煤气和煤焦油的收益折算到发电成本中，发电成本降低了约3%。Compared with the situation where all pulverized coal boilers are burned with raw coal for power generation, when the hot semi-coke discharged from the pyrolysis furnace accounts for 58% of the total pulverized coal boiler, the energy utilization efficiency of the entire system increases by 2.2%, and the net gas And coal tar income is converted into the cost of power generation, and the cost of power generation is reduced by about 3%.
发明人发现，根据本发明所述的多段式快速热解反应系统及方法，采用合理的竖管布置，降低粉煤对辐射管的磨损量，减少设备维护成本，增加设备使用寿命；本发明热解炉设计成承压容器，气体压力升高，体积减少，使得装置小型化，极大地减少了后续的尾气净化工艺流程，降低了设备和工艺造价；本发明采用多段变径式炉体，能针对不同粒径的粉煤都能迅速完成热解反应，在保证热解效果的同时，降低炉体高度；在热解处理前设置的进料系统，利用惰性气体输送干燥进行循环利用，利用粉煤锁斗和粉煤给料罐实现了热解炉给料的连续性，保证系统稳定运行；利用高温半焦送入煤粉锅炉，充分利用资源，提供发电能源的利用率，节能环保。The inventors have found that, according to the multi-stage rapid pyrolysis reaction system and method of the present invention, reasonable standpipe arrangement is adopted to reduce the amount of wear of the pulverized coal on the radiant tube, reduce equipment maintenance costs, and increase the service life of the equipment; The decomposing furnace is designed as a pressure vessel, the gas pressure increases and the volume decreases, which makes the device miniaturized, greatly reduces the subsequent exhaust gas purification process, and reduces the equipment and process cost; the present invention adopts a multi-stage variable diameter furnace body, which can The pyrolysis reaction can be completed quickly for pulverized coal with different particle sizes. While ensuring the pyrolysis effect, the height of the furnace body is reduced; The coal lock hopper and the pulverized coal feed tank realize the continuity of the pyrolysis furnace feed and ensure the stable operation of the system; the high-temperature semi-coke is used to feed the pulverized coal boiler to make full use of resources, improve the utilization rate of power generation energy, and save energy and protect the environment.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; it can be a mechanical A connection can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. It is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、 或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型，同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, those skilled in the art can make the above-mentioned The embodiment can be changed, modified, replaced and modified. Meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope according to the idea of the application.
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