CN107755402B

CN107755402B - Catalytic hydrogen production device from municipal solid waste

Info

Publication number: CN107755402B
Application number: CN201610681539.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪学林; 张勇
Original assignee: And With High Environmental Protection Science And Technology Development Beijing Co ltd
Current assignee: And With High Environmental Protection Science And Technology Development Beijing Co ltd
Priority date: 2016-08-18
Filing date: 2016-08-18
Publication date: 2021-05-04
Anticipated expiration: 2036-08-18
Also published as: CN107755402A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of urban waste treatment in environmental protection. The invention is under the premise of no secondary pollution; the energy utilization rate of the municipal solid waste is improved, and the treatment equipment is clean in energy, harmless and full in resource. In particular to a method for processing domestic garbage by processes of vacuum pyrolysis, catalytic hydrogen production, gas purification and separation and the like, wherein organic matters are completely converted into clean energy, namely hydrogen and liquid or solid carbon dioxide for reuse, and the gas emission of a carbon dioxide isothermal chamber is reduced by more than 90%. The organic matters in the inorganic waste residue are completely converted, and no organic matters or carbon remains, and the inorganic waste residue is used for building materials or landfill soil after being treated. The new energy technology for catalytic hydrogen production by domestic garbage is applied to the treatment of the municipal domestic garbage in different cities and regions.

Description

Catalytic hydrogen production device from municipal solid waste

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of urban waste treatment in environmental protection. The invention is under the premise that the domestic garbage treatment process and the final result have no secondary pollution; the treatment equipment improves the energy utilization rate of the municipal solid waste, and is clean in energy, harmless and full in resource; in particular to a device for converting all organic matters into clean energy, namely hydrogen and liquid or solid carbon dioxide after municipal solid waste is subjected to processes of vacuum pyrolysis, catalytic hydrogen production, gas purification and separation and the like. The new energy technology for catalytic hydrogen production by domestic garbage is applied to the treatment of the municipal domestic garbage in different cities and regions.

Background

The current situation of domestic and overseas municipal domestic waste treatment equipment at present; the domestic and foreign municipal domestic waste treatment system technology has various forms, but can be basically summarized as follows; firstly, adopt the landfill method to handle rubbish, the landfill direct influence is with groundwater resources and air circumstance, causes serious secondary pollution, occupies a large amount of land resources simultaneously, and domestic waste can not be utilized as renewable energy. Secondly, burning for power generation; after the garbage is sorted, part of the combustible garbage is used as fuel for burning power generation or providing energy for other equipment needing heat supply. The other part of the remaining incombustible waste is buried together with the burnt ashes. The problems of secondary pollution to air and greenhouse gases generated in the waste incineration process are the current problems in the world. Because the heat value of the garbage is low, combustion-supporting materials are required to be added during incineration. Therefore, the actual utilization rate of the garbage is low. Thirdly, sorting the garbage. A part of organic matters with higher nitrogen content are fermented to prepare the fertilizer, the quality fluctuation of the fertilizer is large due to the fact that the garbage contains different fermentable organic matters, and the fertilizer can only be used for greening due to the influence of heavy metal contained in the household garbage. The rest most of the garbage is respectively treated according to different components. The method has the advantages of complex treatment process, high cost and low utilization rate of garbage energy. And fourthly, the garbage is converted into carbon and then is converted into combustible gas to generate electricity, the method has lower reutilization rate of the garbage after two times of thermal conversion treatment, the converted carbon contains a large amount of chloride and is converted into the combustible gas in an aerobic state, dioxin and other harmful gas pollution are easily produced, and the emission of greenhouse gases cannot be controlled.

The invention aims to provide a technology for improving the energy utilization rate of domestic garbage and converting the domestic garbage into clean energy-hydrogen on the premise of no secondary pollution in the treatment process and the final result of the municipal domestic garbage, in particular to a technology for carrying out vacuum pyrolysis on the domestic garbage, catalytically producing hydrogen and carbon dioxide, compressing the carbon dioxide into liquid or converting the carbon dioxide into dry ice for recycling, and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.

The invention is completed in the following way: the method comprises the steps of extruding water of municipal solid waste, conveying the municipal solid waste into a vacuum storage bin, pumping the municipal solid waste into a vacuum converter by a vacuum pump, conveying the municipal solid waste into a vacuum converter by a closed screw conveyor, wherein the front section of the vacuum converter is subjected to thermal decomposition treatment, and the rear section is subjected to catalytic hydrogen production and carbon dioxide production. After the output gas is purified, the mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is pressurized and separated into hydrogen and liquid carbon dioxide. The residual residue is used for building materials or soil for landfill after being treated.

Disclosure of Invention

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention.

The following is in conjunction with FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic structural diagram of a device for catalytic hydrogen production by municipal solid waste.

Referring to figure 1:

a catalytic hydrogen production device for municipal domestic waste comprises a mechanical system consisting of a vacuum converter (2) and a speed reducer (4), a vacuum bin (1), a closed screw conveyor I (16), a corrugated material conveying plate (15), a closed screw conveyor II (5), a vacuum pump (17), a pressure controller (10), a purification treatment device (7), a pressurization separator (8) and a water heating pressurizer (6); after the water content of the household garbage is extruded, the household garbage is sent into a vacuum bin (1) to be mixed with an alkaline composite material (19), the vacuum bin (1) is vacuumized by a vacuum pump (17), and the pumped waste gas is discharged through an exhaust port (18) to be treated. The mixed garbage is sent into the front section of a vacuum converter (2), namely a thermal decomposition section (3), which is in a vacuum state through a closed screw conveyor I (16), and the generation of solid carbon in the thermal decomposition process of the household garbage is reduced under the catalytic action of an alkaline composite material (19); methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc. are increased. The gas makes the vacuum converter (2) generate internal pressure, and the garbage inlet amount is in direct proportion to the internal pressure. The residual carbon after decomposition is sent into the rear section (13) of the vacuum converter (2) through a corrugated material conveying plate (15); the rear section (13) of the furnace is a section for catalytically producing hydrogen and carbon dioxide; the inner wall is infiltrated with a 0.5 mm thick composite catalyst layer composed of rare earth, nickel, copper and alumina nano-grade materials (see a partial enlarged view (9)); the high-pressure water vapor layer (11) on the inner wall is uniformly distributed with a plurality of high-temperature water vapor nozzles with the diameter of 1 to 2 millimeters (see a partial enlarged view (9)). Because carbon and gas decompose and transform hydrogen and carbon dioxide water that need, the steam quantity that the inside produced is not enough, supply high temperature steam jet through high pressure water vapor layer (11) by the water heating pressurizer (6) according to the size of inside steam at regular time and quantity. The vacuum converter (2) is in rotary work to increase the contact times and time of the catalyst with carbon, water vapor and gas, so that gaseous compounds such as carbon, methane, carbon monoxide, dilute compounds and the like are quickly converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The pressure in the furnace is controlled by a pressure controller (10) and the pressure of the internal reaction is constant. The pressure controller (10) releases the generated gas under reduced pressure after the reaction is finished, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine and other gas compounds are removed through the purification treatment device (7), the hydrogen and liquid carbon dioxide are separated from the mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide through the pressurization separator (8), and the liquid carbon dioxide can be converted into solid dry ice. The residual residue is inorganic matter and is output by a second closed screw conveyor (5). The residual residue contains heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and the like, and a chelating agent is added to form a stable heavy metal chelate. After the residual residue is output, the vacuum converter (2) is vacuumized by the vacuum pump (17), the pumped gas is sent to the purification treatment device (7), the next time of domestic garbage after treatment enters the vacuum storage bin (1), and the operation is repeated.

The inner wall of the vacuum reformer (2) consists of a heat supply layer (14), an insulating layer (12) and a high-pressure water vapor layer (11). The heat supply layer (14) provides reaction heat; a mechanical system consisting of a speed reducer (4) controls the rotation of the vacuum converter (2).

The technology for preparing hydrogen by catalyzing domestic garbage completely converts organic matters in the domestic garbage into hydrogen and liquid or solid carbon dioxide for recycling, and reduces the gas emission of a carbon dioxide isothermal chamber by over 90 percent. The organic matters in the inorganic waste residue are completely converted, and no organic matters or carbon remains. After being treated, the soil is harmless and is used for building materials or soil for landfill.

Claims

1. A catalytic hydrogen production device for municipal domestic waste comprises a mechanical system consisting of a vacuum converter (2) and a speed reducer (4), a vacuum storage bin (1), a closed screw conveyor I (16), a corrugated material conveying plate (15), a closed screw conveyor II (5), a vacuum pump (17), a pressure controller (10), a purification treatment device (7), a pressurization separator (8) and a water heating pressurizer (6); wherein the pressure controller (10) is used for controlling the pressure in the vacuum converter (2), and the closed screw conveyor II (5) is used for discharging residual residues;

the inner wall of the vacuum converter (2) consists of a heat supply layer (14), an insulating layer (12) and a high-pressure water vapor layer (11); the speed reducer (4) controls the vacuum converter (2) to rotate;

it is also characterized in that: the vacuum reforming furnace (2) is divided into a front section and a rear section (13), the rear section (13) is a catalytic hydrogen production section and a carbon dioxide production section, the feeding end of a vacuum bin (1) is connected with a thermal decomposition section (3) of the vacuum reforming furnace (2) through a closed screw conveyor I (16), carbon of the thermal decomposition section (3) is sent into the rear section (13) of the vacuum reforming furnace (2) through a corrugated material conveying plate (15), a plurality of high-temperature water vapor nozzles with the diameter of 1-2 mm are uniformly distributed on an inner wall high-pressure water vapor layer (11) arranged in the rear section (13), the inner wall high-pressure water vapor layer (11) is connected with a water heating pressurizer (6) arranged outside the vacuum reforming furnace (2), a vacuum pump (17) pumps the vacuum reforming furnace (2), the pumped gas is sent to a purification treatment device (7), an exhaust port arranged in the rear section (13) of the vacuum reforming furnace (2) is connected with the purification treatment device (7), the exhaust end of the purification treatment device (7) is connected with a pressure separator (8).

2. The catalytic hydrogen production device for municipal solid waste defined in claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the rear section (13) of the furnace is infiltrated with a composite catalyst layer which is composed of 0.5 mm of rare earth, nickel, copper and alumina nano-grade materials.