CN1077533C - Rudder for sea-going ships - Google Patents
Rudder for sea-going ships Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1077533C CN1077533C CN97112928A CN97112928A CN1077533C CN 1077533 C CN1077533 C CN 1077533C CN 97112928 A CN97112928 A CN 97112928A CN 97112928 A CN97112928 A CN 97112928A CN 1077533 C CN1077533 C CN 1077533C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rudder
- piston
- yaw rudder
- described yaw
- bearing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000912 Bell metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/38—Rudders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/06—Steering by rudders
- B63H25/38—Rudders
- B63H25/381—Rudders with flaps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The rudder has a main rudder body (20) with a tab (10) which is hinged to it, and which is guided by it. The tab is mounted on a sliding piston hinge (11,13), which has a sliding bearing which is mounted on the tab, and also has a pivoting piston (11). The hinge pin is in the form of a piston (15) which can slide in a bearing (16,17), and both pistons may be connected to one another by a pin (14). They may also be made from a high-grade steel and may slide in a bearing which has a lining made from a bronze alloy.
Description
The present invention relates to the yaw rudder that a kind of sea-going ship is used, it comprises a main rudder and a rudder plate, this rudder plate hinged is connected on the main rudder and by the main rudder restricted guidance, this yaw rudder is equipped with the sliding plunger loose joint of a plain bearing, uses for a rotating piston that is installed on the rudder plate.
On the yaw rudder main rudder that rudder plate is connected to dress rudder plate on the sea-going ship, the widest terms of settlement of variation range has been proposed.
Therefore, according to DE-U-7829008, known a kind of being made from multiple components, the streamlined body that can regulate by means of an actuating device be used to handle water craft.This streamlined body is made up of the rudder plate that a main rudder and hinged are connected on this main rudder.In order to regulate rudder plate, control setup of main rudder equipment, this control setup by one on the longitudinal direction of streamlined body with slider longitudinal rail, loose joint is connected the supporting arm that the stretches out composition that carries out with rudder plate near the main rudder on the top side, a vertical tooth is equipped with in its end towards main rudder, and this vertical tooth is bearing in one with its end centering type can be in the driving disk of its central axis rotation.Because this structure, created a kind of streamlined body that is made from multiple components with a control setup, be used to rotate the similar rudder plate part of this streamlined body, when making it, be intended that and make it simple and easy in operation.Owing to used the seldom mechanical component of number, so guaranteed a kind of failure-free operation of this control setup, effect is good really, but just in case control setup and carriage become wearing and tearing, then operating charges is inevitable very big, because if this thing happens, the entire infrastructure parts must be changed.
Known yaw rudder structure another kind of peculiar to vessel from DE-A-2353934 in the illustrated the sort of type of beginning, ship for a propeller of assembling, to shell of small part equipment, and have the auxiliary or servo yaw rudder of a hinge joint on the main rudder lagging dege, this yaw rudder is connected on the operating mechanism, this operating mechanism comprises the pipe link that can change in a guide pin bushing, and this guide pin bushing one approximately perpendicular to the plane of yaw rudder axis in around being positioned at rotary being connected on the hull of pivot point of hull back.In this yaw rudder structure peculiar to vessel, this guide pin bushing approximately horizontally is provided with, and almost be parallel to the yaw rudder surface on the servo yaw rudder, be bearing on the axis that is arranged at yaw rudder axis back and pipe link is rotary, and have a kind of like this length, so that the mutual action between pipe link and the guide pin bushing continues fully to work under 90 ° or bigger orientation angle.This yaw rudder peculiar to vessel is built basically by this way so that can place the transverse direction of a yaw rudder, especially an accommodation of this structure of equipment in sluice and to make when ship during by sluice not by the situation of the sluice bottom girder of gate damage under.Realize being bearing in the guiding and the supporting of the pipe link at an end place on the hull by means of this guide pin bushing,, when this guide pin bushing is positioned within the top region of guide plate when on even keel, is fixed on the guide plate and passes pipe link with the control guide plate.
As a plain bearing, this guide pin bushing portion within it has a sliding type packaging part.Wearing and tearing and essential replacing the if this sliding type packaging part has become, then must carry out many-sided operation, because in order from guide pin bushing, to remove this sliding type encapsulation, then or must from main rudder, remove rudder plate, so that from pipe link, take out guide pin bushing, perhaps must and from guide pin bushing, take out from the pipe link in main rudder is pulled down on the hull its hinge joint district.Because guide pin bushing is laid this sliding type packaging part in wall osed top mode, be impossible so from guide pin bushing, remove this sliding type packaging part up and down, and this sliding type packaging part can only raise up by taking apart to link to close.
But all these terms of settlement something in commons are, the parts that are used for the connection loose joint of restricted guiding rudder plate wear and tear especially easily, and they can only be changed with very big expense; And mainly be to operate under water.
Comprise a yaw rudder that has by the main rudder of hinge rotation and restricted guiding rudder plate in order to install one, the plain bearing that is used for swivel pin is connected to hull with an end loose joint formula by this way, so that also can be easy to change the worn-down parts and needn't seek help from the lifting instrument and needn't carry out underwater operation without the staff of specialized training, in addition, irrelevant for the enough unique force level transmission of a restricted guiding energy that makes rudder plate with the angle position of main rudder, in EP-A-0051822B1, propose, in the fork-shaped mode plain bearing is installed, and in the opposed facing wall district of two fork arm, utilize a removable plastic slide block, the polyamide slide block of more specifically saying so.Each slide block is used for keeping in the wall district of each fork arm of plain bearing the downward restricted and groove upwards opened, and with the slit, top of an airtight groove of detouchable cover plate, deviates to prevent chance.
Under each situation, it should be noted that a undesirable huge edge pressure is arranged in the inside of this embodiment centre bearer, it causes undue wear and abrasion, and causes linking bronze liner often and unclamp.Also may, when swing excessively, especially when hinge joint keeps selling fixedly mal,
Owing to vibration is unclamped this hinged maintenance pin.
Technical matters of the present invention is to improve in the illustrated system of beginning, so that make above-mentioned edge pressure reduce to minimum, and all parts interconnect by this way, make that it is possible having the mobile of enough degree of freedom.Therefore plan to save bearing surface and suitably make wearing and tearing reduce to minimum.
The present invention can realize by following measure:
The yaw rudder that sea-going ship is used, comprise that a main rudder and radial type are connected on this main rudder and by the rudder plate of the restricted guiding of main rudder, it is equipped with the sliding plunger loose joint of a plain bearing, use for the swivel pin that is installed on the rudder plate, it is characterized in that, also connection or swivel pin have been installed with a piston form that in plain bearing, forms.
The present invention can also realize by following measure:
Therefore, two pistons, i.e. rotating piston and preferably utilize hinge bolt to interconnect with the piston that the swivel pin form is installed, it provides a kind of reliable and simple in structure connection.
Best, two pistons are made with special steel, and sliding type is arranged in the lining of being made by a kind of bell metal.
According to another structure of the present invention, cylindrical piston bronze filler or liner are all formed by being arranged on a lining in the outer steel shell in each case.The external boundary zone of bronze liner can seal, and in this case, sealing member preferably is made up of a kind of two soft component metals, and this metal also is commonly referred to as " Be-lzona-R-metal.This metal has the character of known metal, and is suitable for basically being welded to connect after sclerosis, and as the spacer between non-metals and different metal or the metal alloy.
As preventing seawater or contaminated water and the measure that contains the erosion of sand water, all movable parts are preferably all with the seal ring protection, so that an osed top lubricating system is set.
According to the present invention, this technical matters has been solved in the illustrated yaw rudder of beginning, wherein also with the form that forms a piston in plain bearing this swivel pin is installed.By this measure, yaw rudder and wherein movable part obtain very wide degree of freedom, it has guaranteed that the bearing surface district can not be subjected to than because heavily stressed edge action and inevitable bigger stress.
This structure makes to move to be had enough degree of freedom and becomes possibility, it obtains by inject a swivel pin between two pistons that lead in shell, so that it is possible moving in ± 90 ° of scopes, and known system is because predefined 90 ° of angles, and to be designed to be rigidity.Since by the wall pressure on the yaw rudder cause and act in this system moment of flexure by the cylinder design of piston and being hinged be connected compensate so fault of generation systems no longer.Another advantage is, after taking being articulated and connected between two joints apart, can be on the longitudinal direction of piston, that is in vertical direction with horizontal direction on from hull be fixed to take out the shell on the rudder plate and be articulated and connected.Like this, place under repair easily, and needn't remove rudder plate.
Illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention in the accompanying drawings.For example
Fig. 1 illustrates one with the sketch form and has the heavy yaw rudder of a rudder plate and the swivel pin loose joint of a slip;
Fig. 2 illustrates the scheme drawing of an interconnective sliding plunger;
Fig. 3 illustrates the section on Fig. 2 center line B-B direction;
Fig. 4 illustrates along Fig. 2 center line A-A and passes the section that sliding plunger is horizontally disposed piston;
Fig. 5 illustrate by the section of Fig. 2 center line C-C and
Fig. 6 illustrates the section by Fig. 2 center line D-D.
Yaw rudder described in Fig. 1 is made up of a main rudder 20, rudder plate 10 rotary types of a restricted guiding are installed on the main rudder, this main rudder is equipped with the rotating piston work of a slip by 100, illustrates the rotating piston loose joint 100 of this slip in Fig. 2-6 in more detail.It is made of horizontally disposed special steel piston 11, and piston 11 is arranged in the bearing carge 12 replaceably, and its inner sleeve is facing to bronze liner 13.The piston portion that stretches out from sleeve pipe utilizes a hinge joint pin 14 to be connected on the vertical movable special steel piston, and this piston is arranged in the bearing carge 16 replaceably as its part, and it is equally facing to a bronze liner 17.Even hinge joint pin 14 guarantees to have departed from 90 ° of positions, also can be compensated.This horizontal pin 14 is connected on the rudder plate 10, and normal pin 15 constitutes and being connected of hull.As appreciable from Fig. 5, the bronze liner that is used for horizontal piston 11 is made of a guide pin bushing.Last lower edge along the formed in each case bronze liner 13 of sliding plunger 11 and 15 and 17 can be the taper configuration, the slit region that is produced on the outer boundary area of this taper configuration is equipped with a sealing member so in each case, more particularly, be the sealing member of two soft component metals.
In order to slow down the impact shock of piston, that is for vibration damping, in the bearing carge 16 of piston 15, it is fully enclosed that its end in the face of hull is made into, and above piston 15, form the bedding and padding 30 (Fig. 3) of a kind of gas medium such as air or a kind of liquid dielectric such as water.
Claims (8)
1. the yaw rudder used of sea-going ship, comprise that a main rudder (20) and hinged are connected on this main rudder and by the rudder plate (10) of the restricted guiding of main rudder, it is equipped with the sliding plunger loose joint of a plain bearing, use for the swivel pin (11) that is installed on the rudder plate (10), it is characterized in that, also installed to connect or link and sold with a piston (15) form that in plain bearing (16,17), forms.
2. according to the described yaw rudder of claim 1, it is characterized in that with two pistons that the connecting pin form is installed, promptly rotating piston (11) and piston (15) utilize a hinge joint pin (14) to interconnect.
3. according to the described yaw rudder of claim 2, it is characterized in that two pistons (11,15) are made with special steel, and sliding type is arranged in a kind of lining face (13,17) of bell metal.
4. according to the described yaw rudder of claim 3, it is characterized in that the bronze liner face (13,17) that constitutes each cylindrical piston (11,15) is made cylindrical guide pin bushing.
5. according to any described yaw rudder among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, on the outer boundary skin area of bronze liner face (13,17), be provided with a kind of sealing member, preferably a kind of two soft component metal seals.
6. according to any described yaw rudder among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that all movable parts are all protected with seal ring.
7. according to any described yaw rudder among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, the bearing carge (16) that is fixed to the piston (15) on the hull manufactures enclosed at its place, end in the face of hull, and inside in bearing carge (16), top in piston (15) forms the bedding and padding (30) of a kind of gas medium or liquid dielectric.
8. according to any described yaw rudder among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that piston and/or slidingsurface area are with water lubricating or use grease lubrication.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29609745.4 | 1996-06-04 | ||
| DE29609745U DE29609745U1 (en) | 1996-06-04 | 1996-06-04 | Rudder for seagoing ships |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1169934A CN1169934A (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| CN1077533C true CN1077533C (en) | 2002-01-09 |
Family
ID=8024673
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97112928A Expired - Lifetime CN1077533C (en) | 1996-06-04 | 1997-06-04 | Rudder for sea-going ships |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0811552B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3193887B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100244674B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1077533C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE29609745U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2147882T3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO309806B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE20118779U1 (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2002-02-14 | Willi Becker Ingenieurbüro GmbH & Co.KG, 20099 Hamburg | Rudder with sliding swivel piston linkage |
| DE202004006453U1 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2004-11-11 | Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Oars for ships |
| KR200410384Y1 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2006-03-08 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Spade rudder |
| DE102006057122A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Van Der Velden Barkemeyer Gmbh | fin rudder |
| DE102009033163A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-11-04 | Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | rudder fin |
| KR101103701B1 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2012-01-11 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | Ship rudder |
| DE202009009996U1 (en) * | 2009-07-21 | 2010-12-02 | Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Finsruder for watercraft |
| DE202009010424U1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2010-12-16 | Becker Marine Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fastening device for fin rudder for watercraft |
| JP5950971B2 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2016-07-13 | ジャパン・ハムワージ株式会社 | Ship rudder |
| DE102017112143A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-06 | LOEWE MARINE GmbH & Co. KG | fin rudder |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2353934A1 (en) * | 1973-01-18 | 1974-07-25 | Herke Raukema | SHIP RUDDER CONSTRUCTION |
| US4510880A (en) * | 1982-03-24 | 1985-04-16 | Sadatomo Kuribayashi | Rudder arrangement for ships |
| CN2141795Y (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1993-09-08 | 马维栋 | Transmission device for flap rudder of ship |
| CN2151945Y (en) * | 1993-04-03 | 1994-01-05 | 敬勇 | Wing ruddle with were-resistance hinged shaft |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3040808A1 (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1982-06-03 | Willi Becker Ingenieurbüro GmbH, 2000 Hamburg | OARS, ESPECIALLY HIGH PERFORMANCE, FOR SEA SHIPS |
| DE8613505U1 (en) * | 1986-05-17 | 1986-07-10 | Johannsen, Karl, Dipl.-Ing., 2000 Hamburg | Oars for ships, in particular for clumsy, difficult-to-maneuver yachts with hulls similar to fishing boats, motor sailers and motor boats |
| GB2248049A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-03-25 | Michael Douglas Everett | Steering rudder for waterborne vessels has primary and secondary blades |
-
1996
- 1996-06-04 DE DE29609745U patent/DE29609745U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-27 ES ES96115518T patent/ES2147882T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-27 EP EP96115518A patent/EP0811552B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-27 DE DE59605253T patent/DE59605253D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-11-21 NO NO964952A patent/NO309806B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-06-02 KR KR1019970022656A patent/KR100244674B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-03 JP JP14561597A patent/JP3193887B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-04 CN CN97112928A patent/CN1077533C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2353934A1 (en) * | 1973-01-18 | 1974-07-25 | Herke Raukema | SHIP RUDDER CONSTRUCTION |
| US4510880A (en) * | 1982-03-24 | 1985-04-16 | Sadatomo Kuribayashi | Rudder arrangement for ships |
| CN2141795Y (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1993-09-08 | 马维栋 | Transmission device for flap rudder of ship |
| CN2151945Y (en) * | 1993-04-03 | 1994-01-05 | 敬勇 | Wing ruddle with were-resistance hinged shaft |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59605253D1 (en) | 2000-06-21 |
| JPH1053196A (en) | 1998-02-24 |
| KR100244674B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
| NO309806B1 (en) | 2001-04-02 |
| KR980001709A (en) | 1998-03-30 |
| CN1169934A (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| NO964952L (en) | 1997-12-05 |
| DE29609745U1 (en) | 1996-08-29 |
| EP0811552A1 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
| JP3193887B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 |
| ES2147882T3 (en) | 2000-10-01 |
| NO964952D0 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
| EP0811552B1 (en) | 2000-05-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: VELLI BAKER ENGINEER ROOM CO. KG Free format text: FORMER NAME OR ADDRESS: OFFICE OF ENGINEER WALEY. BAKER, CO. LTD. |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Patentee after: Willy Beck GmbH & Co.KG engineer room Patentee before: Willi Becker Ingenieurburo GmbH |
|
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee |
Owner name: ENGINEER WALEY BAKER GMBH + CO.KG Free format text: FORMER NAME: OFFICE OF ENGINEER WILLY BAKER KG Owner name: BECKER MARINE SYSTEMS GMBH + C. Free format text: FORMER NAME: ENGINEER WALEY BAKER GMBH + CO.KG |
|
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: Hamburg Federal Republic of Germany Patentee after: BECKER MARINE SYSTEMS GmbH & Co.KG Address before: Hamburg Federal Republic of Germany Patentee before: Engineer Willy Beck GmbH & Co.KG Address after: Hamburg Federal Republic of Germany Patentee after: Engineer Willy Beck GmbH & Co.KG Address before: Hamburg Federal Republic of Germany Patentee before: Willy Beck GmbH & Co.KG engineer room |
|
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20020109 |