CN107745780A - Electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle and its control method - Google Patents
Electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107745780A CN107745780A CN201710801678.3A CN201710801678A CN107745780A CN 107745780 A CN107745780 A CN 107745780A CN 201710801678 A CN201710801678 A CN 201710801678A CN 107745780 A CN107745780 A CN 107745780A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
- B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
- B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
- B62M6/50—Control or actuating devices therefor characterised by detectors or sensors, or arrangement thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K11/00—Motorcycles, engine-assisted cycles or motor scooters with one or two wheels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K2204/00—Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle, including bicycle, controller, power-assisted inductor, wheel hub motor, hub rotation speed inductor, electrical storage device and solar energy photovoltaic panel；The solar energy photovoltaic panel is in the middle part of the car body of bicycle or in bicycle basket or on front and rear wheel shield mud plate shell；The power-assisted inductor is located at the junction of bicycle axis and chain wheel；Wheel hub of the wheel hub motor located at bicycle front-wheel or trailing wheel；The hub rotation speed inductor is on the fixed rotor of wheel hub motor；The controller and electrical storage device are in the car body pipe fitting of bicycle；The solar energy photovoltaic panel is connected with electrical storage device, and the controller connects power-assisted inductor, hub rotation speed inductor, wheel hub motor and electrical storage device respectively.The invention also discloses the control method of a kind of electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of vehicles, particularly a kind of electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle and its control method.
Background technology
Electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle vehicle body are light and handy, novel in design, are a kind of new, preferable, riding instead of walk merrily and lightheartedly
Instrument, can indulge in luxuriousness to one's heart's desire the enjoyment ridden while taking exercises.
The subject matter of current hybrid power bicycle is：
1st, power source Main Means are external chargings, and the ease of use of bicycle is substantially reduced relative to self-charging；
2nd, the self charger efficiency based on small generator or solar energy is low, is unable to reach the need of electric energy supplement
Ask；
3rd, mainly based on driven by power, weaken manpower driving, be not only not reaching to the purpose of energy-conservation, and allow electricity
Power, manpower hybrid power become concept and amusement；
4th, to be ridden with manpower and drive electrical power generators, generated output lacks intelligent control, and ride load weight, comfort are low,
It is unsuitable for wide popularization and application.
The content of the invention
For solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle and its
Control method, based on the bicycle is driven with manpower, supplemented by driven by power, according to current riding speed intelligent control wheel hub motor
In power generation mode or power drive mode, not only energy-conserving and environment-protective, and realize that electric power, manpower truly mix, wheel
The generated output of hub motor is controlled using smart phase, and riding, load is light, comfort is good.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle, including bicycle, controller, power-assisted inductor, wheel hub motor, wheel hub turn
Fast inductor, electrical storage device and solar energy photovoltaic panel；The solar energy photovoltaic panel located at bicycle car body in the middle part of or bicycle basket in or
On front and rear wheel shield mud plate shell；The power-assisted inductor is located at the junction of bicycle axis and chain wheel；The wheel hub motor is located at
The wheel hub of bicycle front-wheel or trailing wheel；The hub rotation speed inductor is on the fixed rotor of wheel hub motor；The controller
With electrical storage device in the car body pipe fitting of bicycle；The solar energy photovoltaic panel is connected with electrical storage device, the controller difference
Connect power-assisted inductor, hub rotation speed inductor, wheel hub motor and electrical storage device.
Preferably, the controller includes rectification/inversion metal-oxide-semiconductor, voltage up-down element and control chip.
Preferably, the wheel hub motor is brushless direct current permanent magnetic wheel hub motor.
Preferably, the power-assisted inductor and hub rotation speed inductor are Hall revolution speed transducer.
Preferably, the electrical storage device is lithium storage battery or super capacitor.
A kind of electric power, the control method of manpower hybrid power bicycle as described above：Judge bicycle whether have manpower input with
And the magnitude relationship between the travel speed of bicycle and the optimum speed of setting, such as traveling speed of the bicycle without manpower input and bicycle
Degree is more than or equal to optimum speed, then controls wheel hub motor standby or start the power generation mode of wheel hub motor；As bicycle is defeated without manpower
Enter and the travel speed of bicycle is less than optimum speed, then control wheel hub motor standby；As bicycle has the row of manpower input and bicycle
Sail speed and be more than or equal to optimum speed, then start the power generation mode of bicycle wheel hub motor；When bicycle has manpower to input and bicycle
Travel speed is less than optimum speed, then starts the power drive mode of bicycle wheel hub motor.
Preferably, judge that the method whether bicycle has manpower to input is as follows：Whether detection bicycle chain wheel rotates, when bicycle tooth
During rotation, represent that bicycle has manpower input；When bicycle chain wheel does not rotate, represent that bicycle inputs without manpower.
Preferably, the travel speed of bicycle is by the rotating speed of wheel hub motor fixed rotor and the product meter of bicycle wheels girth
Calculate.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, power drive mode and power generation mode, instantaneous driven by power to high speed shape are switched by controller intelligent control
State, and done work and generated electricity to make up with prolonged manpower in fast state, perfect solves the problems, such as energy recharge.
2nd, by the data acquisition of controller intelligent control and calculating, driven by power is provided as requested, it is maximized save
The energy, the physical consumption of bicyclist is reduced, increase stroke of riding.
3rd, inversion or rectification function are realized by the metal-oxide-semiconductor of controller, it is not necessary to external inversion or rectifying installation, reduce
Production cost.
4th, two kinds of modules of driven by power and generating are realized by a wheel hub motor, two is realized respectively compared to bi-motor
Kind module, has not only been significantly increased its power generation performance, has also considerably reduced energy consumption and production cost.
Voltage when the 5th, being charged by controller by voltage up-down element intelligent control is slightly larger than electrical storage device current voltage,
Electromagnetic resistance is reduced to minimum, dramatically optimizes charging performance and ride comfort level.
6th, by controller by controlled motor phase transition come intelligent control generated output, dramatically optimize generating
Efficiency and comfort level of riding.
7th, by solar energy photovoltaic panel as supplementary means to feed standby when power consumption and electric energy be lost in and partial dynamic
Can consumption.
8th, for riding, solves the difficult section ridden such as starting and upward slope with electric energy, in the work of electric power power-assisted
Make the frequency of stepping on of pedal tend to most preferably step on frequency state under, improve and also allow bicyclist overcoming electromagnetism to hinder while riding comfort level
Power generates electricity, and serves the effect taken exercises.
9th, the design of whole system, high degree improves power generation performance, reduces energy loss, while production cost
Low, comfort level of riding is high, is adapted to large-scale promotion and application.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is wheel hub motor and the structural representation of bicycle wheels in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Reference：10- bicycles, 11- wheels, 20- solar energy photovoltaic panels, 30- wheel hub motors, the sensing of 31- hub rotation speeds
Device, 40- power-assisted inductors, 50- controllers, 60- electrical storage devices.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, a kind of electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle, including bicycle 10, controller 50, power-assisted
Inductor 40, wheel hub motor 30, hub rotation speed inductor 31, electrical storage device 60 and solar energy photovoltaic panel 20；The solar energy
Plate 20 is lied prostrate in the middle part of the car body of bicycle 10 or in bicycle basket or on front and rear wheel shield mud plate shell；The power-assisted inductor 40 is located at
The junction of the axis of bicycle 10 and chain wheel；Wheel hub of the wheel hub motor 30 located at the front-wheel of bicycle 10 or trailing wheel；The wheel hub
Speed induction machine 31 is on the fixed rotor of wheel hub motor 30；The controller 50 and electrical storage device 60 are located at the car of bicycle 10
In body pipe fitting；The solar energy photovoltaic panel 20 is connected with electrical storage device 60, the controller 50 connect respectively power-assisted inductor 40,
Hub rotation speed inductor 31, wheel hub motor 30 and electrical storage device 60.
Solar energy photovoltaic panel is persistently charged in the case where illumination is enough by photovoltaic generation to electrical storage device, as auxiliary
Means make up the electric energy loss of electrical storage device.
In one of the embodiments, the controller 50 includes rectification/inversion metal-oxide-semiconductor, voltage up-down element and control
Chip.
When driven by power is started, DC current flows out from electrical storage device, will by the inversion metal-oxide-semiconductor of controller
DC inverter carries out driven by power into alternating current supply wheel hub motor；Conversely, when power generation mode is started, alternating current
Flowed out from wheel hub motor, AC rectification is supplied into electrical storage device electric power storage into direct current by the rectification metal-oxide-semiconductor of controller.
Inversion or rectification function are realized by the metal-oxide-semiconductor of controller, it is not necessary to external inversion or rectifying installation, reduce production
Cost, and voltage up-down element is used for the voltage range by voltage adaptation to suitable wheel hub motor or electrical storage device, control chip
For handling required data calculating and logical calculated.
In another embodiment, the wheel hub motor 30 is brushless direct current permanent magnetic wheel hub motor.
Distinguish the respective phase transition of Intelligent adjustment triple line using brushless direct current permanent magnetic wheel hub motor, and by controller
So as to control generated output, (phase controlling of the triple line of brushless direct current permanent magnetic wheel hub motor is come for those skilled in the art
Say, belong to prior art, do not do excessive narration herein), for the threephase generator generating of routine, same power is defeated
Enter, generating efficiency is higher, i.e., in the case of generated output identical, required input power is reduced, and electromagnetism can be reduced by having reached
The effect of resistance so that riding, load is light, comfort is good.
In another embodiment, the power-assisted inductor 40 and hub rotation speed inductor 31 are Hall revolution speed sensing
Device.
Hall-effect speed sensor belongs to hall sensor, is made of the principle using Hall effect, utilizes Hall
Effect makes displacement drive Hall element to move generation Hall electric heating in magnetic field, i.e., displacement signal is converted into electric heating variable signal
Sensor.The features such as sensor has small volume, simple in construction, contactless, and staring torque is small, service life length, reliably
Property it is high, frequency characteristic is good, and can continuously be measured, and therefore, is highly suitable in the present invention, for obtaining pedal, crank
Whether have and the parameters such as the rotating speed of manpower input and wheel hub motor are carried out with movable chain wheel.
In another embodiment, the electrical storage device 60 is lithium storage battery or super capacitor.
Electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle for the present invention, additionally provide a kind of control method, specific as follows：
When riding, manpower input is carried out by pedal, crank, drives axis, chain wheel successively, power-assisted inductor detects
Chain wheel stem is shown with manpower input, and the signal of sensing is sent into controller, and controller receives the letter of power-assisted inductor
After number, the rotating speed of the wheel hub motor got according to hub rotation speed inductor, current solo running speed is calculated by the rotating speed,
Finally judge that wheel hub motor is to carry out power drive mode or into power generation mode according to current solo running speed；When
Non- riding condition or when being inputted without manpower, power-assisted inductor is noninductive induction signal, controller will not also start the electricity of wheel hub motor
Power drive pattern.
Controller judge wheel hub motor be carry out power drive mode or enter power generation mode situation it is as follows：
1st, when controller obtains the induced signal of manpower input and hub rotation speed inductor detects the traveling speed of bicycle
Degree is less than optimum speed v0When (optimum speed is also the speed of the most comfortable, allows bicyclist neither to step on empty nor hard), controller
Start the power drive mode of wheel hub motor, otherwise do not start the power drive mode of wheel hub motor；
2nd, when controller obtains the induced signal of manpower input and hub rotation speed inductor detects the traveling speed of bicycle
Degree is more than or equal to optimum speed v0When, controller stops the power drive mode of wheel hub motor, starts the generating mould of wheel hub motor
Formula (power generation mode is to be generated electricity by manpower to drive while be done work to wheel hub motor)；
3rd, when controller does not get the induced signal of manpower input and hub rotation speed inductor detects bicycle
Travel speed is less than optimum speed v0When, controller control wheel hub motor is standby；
4th, when controller does not get the induced signal of manpower input and hub rotation speed inductor detects bicycle
Travel speed is more than or equal to speed v0When, that is, represent that bicycle is in sliding state, controller control wheel hub motor is standby or opens
The power generation mode of runner hub motor.
An optimum speed v is preset with the controller0, after a period of time of riding, controller can calculate ride it is flat
Equal speed v, and replace optimum speed v with average speed v value0Value, and average speed v can continue refresh.
When bicycle riding speed is less than v0Or wheel hub motor does not start wheel hub motor when being in power drive mode
Power generation mode.
Obviously, the travel speed and v of bicycle are judged0Between relation, (can also be taken turns by the rotating speed of the wheel of bicycle
The rotating speed for the wheel hub motor that hub speed induction machine detects) and optimum speed v0Relation between corresponding vehicle wheel rotational speed draws,
When the rotating speed of wheel is more than or equal to optimum speed v0Corresponding vehicle wheel rotational speed, that is, represent that the travel speed of bicycle is more than or equal to most preferably
Speed v0；When the rotating speed of wheel is less than optimum speed v0Corresponding vehicle wheel rotational speed, that is, represent that the travel speed of bicycle is less than optimal speed
Spend v0。
When bicycle is at the early-stage, or meet difficulty when riding section, such as acclivitous road surface, abrupt slope, upper bridge, this
When riding speed be less than optimum speed v0, controller control wheel hub motor carries out driven by power, allows In-wheel motor driving bicycle
Reach optimum speed v within the extremely short time0, when electric power power-assisted bicycle speed reaches optimum speed v0Afterwards, just stop electric power driving
It is dynamic, power generation mode is switched into, now being done work for a long time by manpower maintains riding speed and provide kinetic energy to wheel hub motor
Generate electricity, while serve the effect of exercise.
It is assumed that the quality of bicycle is M, acceleration of gravity g, bicycle driven by power power-assisted reaches optimum speed v0Time
For t, the bicycle average overall travel speed into power generation mode is V, running time T, then the energy consumption e=fl of driven by power power-assisted
=Mg*v0T/2, the electric energy E=FL=Mg*VT*r (r is generating efficiency) of generating, because V >=v0, and in order that generating electricity what is obtained
Electric energy is more than the energy consumption of electric power power-assisted, i.e. E>E, then it must is fulfilled for rT>t/2.Bicycle is reached most by driven by power power-assisted in practice
Good speed v0Required time t is very short, about the 2-3 seconds, and maintains speed V time T according to the situation of riding (road conditions)
Depending on, usual time T is about 1-5 minutes, is far longer than t.
From formula e=fl=Mg*v0T/2 and formula E=FL=Mg*VT*r can be seen that as T=t, generating efficiency r
As long as higher than 50% with regard to the electric energy balance demand of discharge and recharge can be met, in the case where T is far longer than t, even generating efficiency r
Well below 50% and power generation needs can be met, and the generating efficiency r of magneto may be up to 75%- under actual conditions
80%.
Embodiment described above only expresses the embodiment of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle, it is characterised in that including bicycle, controller, power-assisted inductor, wheel hub electricity
Machine, hub rotation speed inductor, electrical storage device and solar energy photovoltaic panel；The solar energy photovoltaic panel located at bicycle car body in the middle part of or
In bicycle basket or on front and rear wheel shield mud plate shell；The power-assisted inductor is located at the junction of bicycle axis and chain wheel；The wheel hub
Wheel hub of the motor located at bicycle front-wheel or trailing wheel；The hub rotation speed inductor is on the fixed rotor of wheel hub motor；Institute
Controller and electrical storage device are stated in the car body pipe fitting of bicycle；The solar energy photovoltaic panel is connected with electrical storage device, the control
Device processed connects power-assisted inductor, hub rotation speed inductor, wheel hub motor and electrical storage device respectively.
2. electric power according to claim 1, manpower hybrid power bicycle, it is characterised in that the controller include rectification/
Inversion metal-oxide-semiconductor, voltage up-down element and control chip.
3. electric power according to claim 1, manpower hybrid power bicycle, it is characterised in that the wheel hub motor is brushless
AC permanent magnet wheel hub motor.
4. electric power according to claim 1, manpower hybrid power bicycle, it is characterised in that the power-assisted inductor and wheel
Hub speed induction machine is Hall revolution speed transducer.
5. electric power according to claim 1, manpower hybrid power bicycle, it is characterised in that the electrical storage device stores for lithium
Battery or super capacitor.
6. a kind of electric power as described in claim any one of 1-5, the control method of manpower hybrid power bicycle, it is characterised in that
Judge whether bicycle has manpower input and the magnitude relationship between the travel speed of bicycle and the optimum speed of setting, such as bicycle
Travel speed without manpower input and bicycle is more than or equal to optimum speed, then controls wheel hub motor standby or start wheel hub motor
Power generation mode；As bicycle inputs and the travel speed of bicycle is less than optimum speed without manpower, then control wheel hub motor is standby；Such as list
The travel speed that car has manpower input and bicycle is more than or equal to optimum speed, then starts the power generation mode of bicycle wheel hub motor；When
The travel speed that bicycle has manpower input and bicycle is less than optimum speed, then starts the power drive mode of bicycle wheel hub motor.
7. control method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that judge whether bicycle has the method for manpower input such as
Under：Whether detection bicycle chain wheel rotates, and when bicycle tooth rotates, represents that bicycle has manpower input；When bicycle chain wheel does not rotate,
Represent that bicycle inputs without manpower.
8. control method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the travel speed of bicycle is by wheel hub motor fixed rotor
The product of rotating speed and bicycle wheels girth calculate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710801678.3A CN107745780A (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | Electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle and its control method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710801678.3A CN107745780A (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | Electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle and its control method |
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| CN107745780A true CN107745780A (en) | 2018-03-02 |
Family
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| CN201710801678.3A Pending CN107745780A (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2017-09-07 | Electric power, manpower hybrid power bicycle and its control method |
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| CN108684253A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-10-23 | 宁夏博文利奥科技有限公司 | A kind of digging apparatus of small-sized more power conversions |
| CN109204669A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-15 | 四川卓能智控科技有限公司 | Charge and discharge control system and its control method |
| CN109599927A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-09 | 广州市昌菱电气有限公司 | Bicycle electric power-assisted driving control system and bicycle |
| CN112054432A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-08 | 华春新能源股份有限公司 | Solar energy overhead working auxiliary device |
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| CN109204669A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-15 | 四川卓能智控科技有限公司 | Charge and discharge control system and its control method |
| CN109599927A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-09 | 广州市昌菱电气有限公司 | Bicycle electric power-assisted driving control system and bicycle |
| CN112054432A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-08 | 华春新能源股份有限公司 | Solar energy overhead working auxiliary device |
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Application publication date: 20180302 |