CN107728204B - Based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave and system - Google Patents
Based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave and system.The present invention is exactly the prediction using intercept and gradient attribute progress fractuer direction and density in seismic wave different direction, due to intercept, seeking for the prestacks AVO attribute such as gradient is smaller to large offseting distance data dependence, therefore the present invention has avoided in conventional scheme the way cut off to large offseting distance data of having to due to field acquisition geometry defect, not only remain the signal-to-noise ratio and the deep information of firsthand information, more importantly remain the maximum difference of seismic aeolotropy, avoid influence of the human factor to prediction result, improve the reliability and precision of FRACTURE PREDICTION, it can be considered and one kind of conventional scheme is efficiently modified.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil exploration technology fields, more particularly to one kind to be based on the anisotropic FRACTURE PREDICTION of prestack longitudinal wave
Method further relates to a kind of based on the anisotropic fracture prediction system of prestack longitudinal wave.
Background technique
Currently during the oil-gas exploration and development that worldwide carries out, the specific gravity of fractured reservoirs is increasing,
On the one hand crack is the reservoir space of oil gas, on the other hand as the migration pathway of fluid, the hole that can will disperse in reservoir
Reservoir space connection is got up, but since the origin cause of formation in crack is more complicated, is vertically and horizontally changed greatly, and is shown very strong respectively to different
Property, and be likely to exist in different lithology stratum, so that its description is difficult to conventional oil gas reservoir.
FRACTURE PREDICTION, which is carried out, currently with seismic data is roughly divided into shear wave method and longitudinal wave method.Wherein, shear wave method
Mainly using shear wave travel-time difference is different and Normal incidence reflectance amplitude carries out FRACTURE PREDICTION, theoretically than the generation of longitudinal wave fracture
Azimuthal anisotropy has stronger sensibility, and precision of prediction is higher, but due to the cost of multi-component exploration and shear wave exploration
Expensive and high quality shear wave data acquisition difficulty is big, and popularization and application are restricted；Multi -components converted shear wave Crack Detection is in skill
It is more complicated in art, using there are also to be improved.
Longitudinal wave method is divided into poststack and prestack method again, and poststack method is mainly by detecting the discontinuity of seismic wave come pre-
Crack, such as coherent technique, curvature technology, ant body technique are surveyed, it is simple and practical, but belong to the qualitative forecasting skill of large scale
Art.It is theoretical that prestack method is based on azimuthal anisotropy, it is believed that the anisotropy in crack leads to the anisotropy of seismic wave, passes through meter
The attribute difference of seismic wave different directions is calculated to predict direction and the relative density in crack, is a kind of FRACTURE PREDICTION skill of sxemiquantitative
Art, and cost is relatively low, therefore is widely popularized and is applied.
Although current pre-stack fracture Predicting Technique is widely used, and prediction effect is obvious, it is in practical applications
There is also shortcomings, due to being limited by field acquisition geometry, even the earthquake number of wide-azimuth, comprehensive acquisition
According to, it is also missing from the large offseting distance information of certain angles, and in order to meet requirement of the pre-stack fracture prediction to data, often
The way of rule is cut off to large offseting distance data, this to cut off to large offseting distance information so that data distribution is uniform
Way at least there are problems that three aspect: (1) reduce degree of covering so that data signal-to-noise ratio reduce；(2) cause
The missing of the deep information, because the deep information is mainly derived from large offseting distance data；(3) anisotropic otherness is deviating greatly
Away from when it is most obvious, excision will have a direct impact on the precision of prediction.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: in order to meet requirement of the pre-stack fracture prediction to data, the prior art
In crack prediction method usually give up big offset data, which results in the appearance of following technical problem: (1) reduce covering time
Number, so that data signal-to-noise ratio reduces；(2) lead to the missing of the deep information, because the deep information is mainly derived from big offset
Away from data；(3) anisotropic otherness is most obvious in large offseting distance, and excision will have a direct impact on the precision of prediction.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides one kind to be based on the anisotropic FRACTURE PREDICTION side of prestack longitudinal wave
Method and system.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of be based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave,
Include:
Common midpoint gather data are obtained based on seismic data；
The common midpoint gather data are divided into multiple azimuth groups by azimuth, and make the variation of each azimuth group
Amplitude is almost the same；
Successively for each azimuth group, migration before stack is carried out to the corresponding common midpoint gather data of the azimuth group
Processing, obtains the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group；
Incident angle gathers conversion is carried out to the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group, and carries out AVO attribute
Inverting obtains the corresponding intercept of the azimuth group and gradient；
According to the corresponding intercept of all azimuth groups and gradient, development direction and the density in crack are predicted.
Preferably, before dividing azimuth group, the method also includes: the common midpoint gather data are carried out
Dynamic correction process.
Preferably, according to the corresponding intercept of all azimuth groups and gradient, development direction and the density in crack are predicted, is wrapped
It includes:
Multiple azimuth coverages are preset, and the azimuth coverage not overlapped each other is made to cover 0-180 °；
Successively for preset each azimuth coverage, in the azimuth coverage intercept and gradient merge,
Obtain the corresponding azimuth puppet trace gather data of the azimuth coverage；
The sliding window node-by-node algorithm mean value in the azimuth puppet trace gather data, it is corresponding to obtain the azimuth coverage
Mean value；
Based on the corresponding mean value of all azimuth coverages, it is oval to be fitted anisotropy crack；
According to the elliptical parameter in anisotropy crack, development direction and the density in the crack are predicted.
Preferably, it is based on the corresponding mean value of all azimuth coverages, fitting anisotropy crack is oval, comprising:
By projecting to all azimuth coverages corresponding mean value in polar coordinate system, to be fitted the anisotropy crack
It is oval.
Preferably, the common midpoint gather data are divided into 5-7 azimuth group by azimuth.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it provides one kind and is based on the anisotropic fracture prediction system of prestack longitudinal wave,
Comprising:
Common midpoint gather data acquisition module is set as obtaining common midpoint gather data based on seismic data；
Azimuth group division module is set as the common midpoint gather data being divided into multiple azimuths by azimuth
Group, and keep the amplitude of variation of each azimuth group almost the same；
Migration before stack module is set as successively for each azimuth group, common point corresponding to the azimuth group
Trace gather data carry out migration before stack processing, obtain the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group；
Incident angle gathers conversion module is set as carrying out the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group incident
Angle gathers conversion, and AVO attribution inversion is carried out, obtain the corresponding intercept of the azimuth group and gradient；
FRACTURE PREDICTION module is set as predicting the development side in crack according to the corresponding intercept of all azimuth groups and gradient
To and density.
Preferably, above-mentioned forecasting system further includes dynamic correction process module, is set as before dividing azimuth group, right
The common midpoint gather data carry out dynamic correction process.
Preferably, the FRACTURE PREDICTION module, comprising:
Azimuth coverage presets unit, is set as presetting multiple azimuth coverages, and makes the azimuth model not overlapped each other
Enclose 0-180 ° of covering；
Combining unit is set as successively for preset each azimuth coverage, to the intercept in the azimuth coverage
It is merged with gradient, obtains the corresponding azimuth puppet trace gather data of the azimuth coverage；
Average calculation unit is set as the sliding window node-by-node algorithm mean value in the azimuth puppet trace gather data, obtains
The corresponding mean value of the azimuth coverage；
Fitting unit is set as based on the corresponding mean value of all azimuth coverages, and fitting anisotropy crack is oval；
FRACTURE PREDICTION unit is set as predicting the development in the crack according to the elliptical parameter in anisotropy crack
Direction and density.
Preferably, the FRACTURE PREDICTION unit is specifically configured to:
By projecting to all azimuth coverages corresponding mean value in polar coordinate system, to be fitted the anisotropy crack
It is oval.
Preferably, the azimuth group division module is specifically configured to: by the common midpoint gather data by orientation
Angle is divided into 5-7 azimuth group.
Compared with prior art, one or more embodiments in above scheme can have following advantage or beneficial to effect
Fruit:
The present invention is optimized and improves to the conventional scheme based on longitudinal wave anisotropy FRACTURE PREDICTION, passes through selection pair
Anisotropy feature is more sensitive and seeks quasi- by the lesser AVO gradient attribute progress crack ellipse of large offseting distance data influence
It closes, and carries out the prediction of fractuer direction and density.Implementation with this solution, has avoided in conventional scheme, due to field acquisition
Observation system limitation causes large offseting distance loss of learning on the azimuth of part and having to cut off large offseting distance data
Way avoids the interference of human factor, improves crack so that the high s/n ratio and the deep information of firsthand information are retained
Forecasting reliability.In addition, since gradient attribute is more quick compared with the amplitude attribute fracture anisotropic character in conventional scheme
Sense, therefore the precision of FRACTURE PREDICTION is also improved, reduce the risk of fracture reservoir exploration and development.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be illustrated in the following description, and partly becomes from specification
It is clear that understand through the implementation of the invention.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be by wanting in specification, right
Specifically noted structure is sought in book and attached drawing to be achieved and obtained.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes part of specification, with reality of the invention
It applies example and is used together to explain the present invention, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave；
Fig. 2 shows, according to the corresponding intercept of all azimuth groups and gradient, predict the hair in crack in the embodiment of the present invention
Educate the flow diagram of the method for direction and density；
The schematic diagram that crosses at azimuth and offset distance when Fig. 3 shows wide-azimuth acquisition；
The schematic diagram that crosses at azimuth and offset distance when Fig. 4 shows narrow azimuth acquisition；
Fig. 5 a shows fracture orientation AVO forward modeling schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 b shows crack ellipse fitting schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of azimuthal AVO intercept and gradient；
Fig. 7 a shows the floor map that fracture spacing prediction is carried out using conventional scheme；
Fig. 7 b shows the floor map that fracture spacing prediction is carried out using improvement project of the present invention；
Fig. 8 shows structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention based on the anisotropic fracture prediction system of prestack longitudinal wave；
Fig. 9 shows the structural schematic diagram of FRACTURE PREDICTION module in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, how to apply to the present invention whereby
Technological means solves technical problem, and the realization process for reaching technical effect can fully understand and implement.It needs to illustrate
As long as not constituting conflict, each feature in each embodiment and each embodiment in the present invention can be combined with each other,
It is within the scope of the present invention to be formed by technical solution.
In order to meet requirement of the pre-stack fracture prediction to data, crack prediction method in the prior art is usually given up big partially
Data are moved, which results in the appearance of following technical problem: (1) reducing degree of covering, so that data signal-to-noise ratio reduces；
(2) lead to the missing of the deep information, because the deep information is mainly derived from large offseting distance data；(3) anisotropic otherness
Most obvious in large offseting distance, excision will have a direct impact on the precision of prediction.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides one kind to be based on the anisotropic FRACTURE PREDICTION side of prestack longitudinal wave
Method and system.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 shows flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave.
As shown in Figure 1, it mainly includes step 101 to step that the embodiment of the present invention, which is based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave,
105。
In a step 101, common midpoint gather data are obtained based on seismic data.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, after step 101, i.e., before dividing azimuth group, in described be total to
Heart point trace gather data carry out dynamic correction process.
Specifically, substep-classification-is carried out to wide-azimuth seismic data and divides the denoising of-point domain-timesharing window fidelity, guarantor's width energy
The pre-processings such as amount compensation, deconvolution and static correction export common midpoint gather (CMP) number without obvious noise and the static time difference
According to.
Then dynamic correction process is carried out to obtained common midpoint gather data, and to the common point road after dynamic correction
Collect data and carries out the denoising of prestack trace gather.In detail, noise is carried out to the common midpoint gather behind dynamic school to analyze, it is clear
Its type and feature carry out denoising using different methods, as the side of correlation analysis can be used by force in linear voice correlation
Method, the method etc. that unusual decomposition can be used in random noise frequency spectrum consistency difference reach removal noise jamming, improve trace gather signal-to-noise ratio
Purpose；Prestack trace gather residue move school and a long way distortion handle, analysis trace gather whether even up, if not provided, using the road Jin Zhong as
Standard track calculates the correction time difference of response using the method for correlation analysis to even up trace gather；If there is distortion a long way, using frequency
The technologies such as spectrum compensation distort a long way to eliminate.
In a step 102, the common midpoint gather data are divided into multiple azimuth groups by azimuth, and make each side
The amplitude of variation of parallactic angle group is almost the same.
This step is related to the azimuthal division of prestack trace gather.Specifically, to the CMP trace gather data of wide/comprehensive acquisition into
Row isoazimuth divides, the general different bearing datas for dividing 5-7.Particularly, preferred embodiment selection of the invention is drawn
Divide 5 orientation angle gathers data.If azimuth number is very few, although higher signal-to-noise ratio can be retained as far as possible, rear
When continuous progress ellipse fitting, the prediction of fracture orientation is unstable.If azimuth number divides too much, although the counterincision in fitting
The bearing prediction of seam is more accurate, but excessive azimuth reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of trace gather, and the precision of fracture density has sternly
Ghost image is rung, therefore it is a proper to be typically chosen in 5-7.
The detailed process of division are as follows: using the trace header information of CMP trace gather, calculate the opposite of every trace record in trace gather record
X, Y coordinates, i.e. Δ X=Xrev-Xshot, Δ Y=Yrev-Yshot.On the basis of being 0 ° by direct north, the orientation of each road distribution is sought
Angle value is stored in the azi of trace header azimuth, i.e.,Each CMP trace gather different direction angular region is extracted as needed
Track data, i.e., completion different direction angular region trace gather data extraction work.
For example, with due north for 0 degree of orientation, due south is 180 degree orientation, and common midpoint gather data sequence is divided into
5 azimuth groups.Wherein it is necessary to ensure that amplitude of variation and the data degree of covering of each azimuth group are almost the same.In the present embodiment
In, it is symmetric within the scope of 180 degree and is divided into following five groups:
First group: 0-36 °；
Second group: 37-72 °；
Third group: 73-108 °；
4th group: 109-144 °；
5th group: 145-180 °.
In step 103, successively for each azimuth group, common midpoint gather data corresponding to the azimuth group
Migration before stack processing is carried out, the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group are obtained.
Here it is possible to which common midpoint gather data are converted to common reflection point road using existing conventional migration before stack processing
Collect data.Expansion explanation is not carried out to conventional migration before stack processing herein.
At step 104, incident angle gathers conversion is carried out to the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group, and
AVO attribution inversion is carried out, the corresponding intercept of the azimuth group and gradient are obtained.
This step first carries out incidence angle trace gather conversion to the CRP gather of different direction, carries out AVO on this basis
Attribution inversion seeks intercept and gradient attribute.
This step is related to theoretical being that AVO attribution inversion is theoretical.
Specifically, it is assumed that the average angle of incident compressional angle and angle of transmission is not critical angle or 90 degree, then Zuo Pulizi
Equation can simplify are as follows:
R (θ)=P+G sin2θ+C(tan2θ-sin2θ) (1)
Wherein:In addition, VpFor longitudinal wave
Speed；VsFor shear wave velocity；ρ is rock density；θ is incidence angle；R (θ) is reflection coefficient； It is respectively vertical
Wave velocity, shear wave velocity and rate of change of the density.As can be seen that above formula contains small incidence angle item, middle incidence angle item and big incidence
Three parts in angle, if ignoring higher order term, formula (1) can be further simplified are as follows:
R (θ)=P+G sin2θ (2)
If enabling x=sin2θ, then formula (2) is P for an intercept in ordinary coor system, gradient is the straight line of G, this
Sample can in incident angle gathers each sampling point of the Fitting Calculation intercept and gradient, further obtain intercept and gradient data
Body.
When, there are when crack, anisotropic character is stronger in stratum, the variation of azimuthal AVO feature, that is, amplitude is shown as,
It is parallel to fracture strike, AVO changing features are larger, and its AVO changing features is smaller when perpendicular to fracture strike.Therefore in routine
The pre- flow gauge of pre-stack fracture in, using the azimuthal anisotropy of amplitude as the seismic properties of ellipse fitting.
In the present embodiment, due to including intercept parameter in amplitude attribute, the sensitivity of fracture may be without simple
Gradient attribute it is strong, in addition from the point of view of formula (2) and the fitting of real data, gradient attribute is to wide-angle (large offseting distance) data
Dependence is smaller, has thus avoided in conventional scheme to the various unfavorable interference of the excision bring of wide-angle data.
In the case where incidence angle is certain, its AVO characteristic equation is R when being parallel to fracture strike0(θ)=P0+G0 sin2
θ, wherein intercept is P0, gradient G0；Its AVO equation is R when perpendicular to fracture strike1(θ)=P1+G1 sin2θ, wherein intercept
For P1, gradient G1, in addition meet: P0=P1, G0>G1.The change rate of amplitude attribute isI.e.And the change rate of gradient attribute isIts difference isChange
It is after letterDue to G0>G1, so P1(G0-G1) > 0, and have G1(P1+G1 sin2θ) > 0, therefore gradient becomes
Rate and the difference of amplitude change rate are greater than zero, that is, the change rate of gradient attribute is greater than the change rate of amplitude attribute, thus
Compared to amplitude attribute, the anisotropic character of gradient attribute fracture is more sensitive.
In step 105, according to the corresponding intercept of all azimuth groups and gradient, the development direction in crack and close is predicted
Degree.
Specifically, the method about the development direction and density for predicting crack according to intercept and gradient, will hereinafter
It is described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 2.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment on the basis of example 1, is further optimized to above-mentioned steps 105.
Fig. 2 shows, according to the corresponding intercept of all azimuth groups and gradient, predict the development side in crack in the present embodiment
To the flow diagram of the method with density.As shown in Fig. 2, above-mentioned steps 105 further comprise step 201 to step 205.
In step 201, multiple azimuth coverages are preset, and the azimuth coverage not overlapped each other is made to cover 0-180 °.
Specifically, multiple azimuth coverages are divided in 0-180 °, and each azimuth coverage is made not overlap each other.Example
Such as, it is divided into five positions angle for 0-180 °: 0-36 °, 37-72 °, 73-108 °, 109-144 ° and 145-180 °.
In step 202, successively for preset each azimuth coverage, to the intercept and ladder in the azimuth coverage
Degree merges, and obtains the corresponding azimuth puppet trace gather data of the azimuth coverage.
Specifically, migration before stack processing successively is carried out for the trace gather in preset each azimuth coverage, obtained opposite
The incidence angle CRP trace gather for the different direction range answered；Prestack AVO inverting is carried out to incidence angle CRP trace gather, obtains different direction
The AVO intercept and gradient data of angular region；Then the intercept of different direction angular region and gradient data are corresponded into this range
Centric angle carries out the merging respectively of the intercept and gradient in the azimuth coverage, obtains the azimuth coverage central angle
Spend corresponding azimuth intercept puppet trace gather and azimuth gradient puppet trace gather data.Here, by azimuth intercept puppet trace gather data and
The collection of azimuth gradient puppet trace gather data is collectively referred to as azimuth puppet trace gather data.
For example, in each azimuth coverage, by the intercept and gradient merging within the scope of this.By different direction trace gather
The AVO attribute (intercept and gradient) that inverting obtains merges to obtain pseudo- orientation angle gathers, generally will be in a certain azimuth coverage
Centric angle merged as a bearing data, in A to the B range of azimuth, central angle is
In step 203, the sliding window node-by-node algorithm mean value in the azimuth puppet trace gather data, obtains the orientation
The corresponding mean value of angular region.
Specifically, the sliding window node-by-node algorithm mean value in the azimuth puppet trace gather data, it is assumed for example that from time T0
Start, sliding window T, when window in have N number of data point, data dot values Ai, mean value isCalculated knot
Fruit is recorded inPlace, successively sliding window, calculates mean value, obtains corresponding equal at azimuth coverage institute having time
Value.
In step 204, it is based on the corresponding mean value of all azimuth coverages, fitting anisotropy crack is oval.
Specifically, if the seismic properties value of certain point different direction is calculated, it is assumed that underground is isotropic, then
The seismic properties value size in each orientation be it is the same, the seismic properties value of its different direction is projected in polar coordinate system, so
Different polar axis endpoints is connected afterwards, shows as a circular shape；Hypothetically there is anisotropic down, then the earthquake in each orientation
Attribute value size is variant, and the seismic properties value of its different direction is projected in polar coordinate system, then different polar axis ends
Point connection, shows as an elliptical shape.
In step 205, according to the elliptical parameter in anisotropy crack, the development direction in the crack and close is predicted
Degree.
Specifically, the sliding window node-by-node algorithm mean value in the puppet trace gather of azimuth, it is then equal by what is calculated in each orientation
Value projects in polar coordinate system, carries out ellipse fitting, fracture strike is indicated with transverse or short axle, with ellipticity of ellipse and length
The ratio between axis characterizes development degree of micro cracks in oil.
The theory that this step is related to is illustrated in detail below.
One medium comprising vertical fracture can regard it as the Method in Transverse Isotropic Medium with horizontal symmetry axis
(TIH), Thomsen parameter and Crack Detection are to use v to basic skills in TIH mediump0And vs0Respectively indicate hanging down for longitudinal wave
Straight speed and fast transverse wave speed.In natural system of coordinates: the normal direction in crack is fractuer direction x2, vertical direction x3If just
Property tensor be Cij, density ρ, then Thomsen parameter definition is x1:
ε=(C33-C11)/2C11, γ=(C44-C66)/2C66；
This parameter is for the TIH medium with horizontal symmetry axis, and Tsvankin (1997) gives another kind
Thomsen parameter describes method, it is assumed that there are a destination layer containing vertical fracture, this cracks in HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY
Layer can be equivalent to a direction anisotropy medium, and be referred to as the Method in Transverse Isotropic Medium with horizontal symmetry axis, at this
In kind of medium, when the property parameters of longitudinal wave, the i.e. amplitude of longitudinal wave, travelling or interval velocity etc. can be gone out with following equation approximate representation
Come:
In formula (3),When the inverse or interlayer of the reflected amplitude or dynamic school velocity squared that indicate longitudinal wave are travelled
Deng；θ is incident compressional angle,For the azimuth of opposite fractuer direction, A (θ), B (θ), C (θ) is the coefficient unrelated with orientation；Suddenly
Slightly higher order term, above formula can further be write a Chinese character in simplified form are as follows:
In weak anisotropy medium, B < A, when fixed incidence angle, in the case that incidence angle is fixed, in polar coordinate system
In,It is an ellipse, andWhen, A+B is elliptical long axis, and A-B is elliptical short axle, each as B=1
The seismic properties in direction do not have difference, and ellipse is degenerated for circle, as isotropic.Therefore it can use point azimuthal seismic attribute
Difference carrys out the density and trend of predicting reservoir internal fissure system, and ellipticity of ellipse indicates that anisotropy is strong, for characterizing fracture spacing,
Transverse or short axle indicate fracture strike, if seismic properties and travelling speed correlation, transverse instruction is split
Seam trend, if seismic properties and hourage correlation, ellipse short shaft indicates fracture strike.Specifically crack is pre-
Survey method are as follows:
A, suitable offset distance is selected, fixed incidence angle θ is equivalent to；
B, the seismic properties in calculating on this offset distance on each azimuth
C, the azimuthal seismic attribute of calculating is projected in polar coordinate system and is carried out ellipse fitting, seek long axis direction, this
It is exactly the direction in crack；
D, the ratio of ellipse short shaft and long axis, the i.e. intensity in elliptical ellipticity characterization crack are calculated.
Then the result of fracture prediction is analyzed: since AVO attribute is changed greatly when being parallel to fracture strike, and
Variation is smaller when perpendicular to fracture strike, therefore transverse direction is construed to fracture strike, and ellipse short shaft direction is solved
It is interpreted as crack normal direction；The ratio of ellipticity of ellipse, that is, short axle and long axis represents anisotropic degree, the i.e. relative density in crack.
Specifically, under normal circumstances, very fast compared with vertical fracture direction along fracture strike seismic wave propagation speed, long axis direction
Represent fracture strike；Shorter compared with vertical fracture direction along fracture strike seismic travel time, short-axis direction represents fracture strike.
If other seismic properties and travelling speed correlation, transverse indicates fracture strike, and if hourage
Correlation, then ellipse short shaft indicates fracture strike.Due to big along fracture strike seismic wave propagation speed, with country rock speed
Difference is big, causes to change greatly in fracture strike direction AVO gradient attribute, and seimic wave velocity correlation, therefore
If oval with AVO gradient attribute fitting crack, transverse direction represents fracture strike, ellipticity of ellipse (ellipse short shaft with
The ratio of long axis) characterization fracture spacing.
Prove that prediction effect of the invention is better than the prediction effect of the prior art below with reference to Fig. 3 to Fig. 7 b.
Fig. 3 is conventional wide-azimuth earthquake-capturing hour offset away from crossing figure with azimuth.As shown in figure 3, generally by land
Earthquake-capturing is relatively common, although wide-azimuth has been accomplished in current earthquake three-dimensional acquisition, since acquisition system designs
When limitation, such as cost, period, on Partial angle, still there is a degree of missing in large offseting distance data.In order to make
Prestack acquisition data meet the requirement of pre-stack fracture prediction, i.e., the data cover number in each orientation is consistent as far as possible, avoid artificial
Factor causes anisotropy to change, and in FRACTURE PREDICTION techniqueflow, has carried out excision appropriate to large offseting distance data.It is conventional
Way although substantially met requirement of the FRACTURE PREDICTION to pre stack data, but this excision can seriously affect imaging deep,
Data cover number and signal-to-noise ratio are substantially reduced, in addition anisotropic character caused by crack is exactly most bright in large offseting distance
It is aobvious.
Fig. 4 is conventional narrow azimuth earthquake-capturing hour offset away from crossing figure with azimuth.As shown in figure 4, generally at sea
Earthquake-capturing is relatively common, and angle information missing is serious, and effective azimuth coverage is smaller, compares concentration when dividing azimuth, number
It is only sensitive to the crack in a certain bearing range according to itself, when being in addition exactly crack ellipse fitting, the direction of ellipse long and short shaft with
Machine is larger, therefore is not suitable for carrying out FRACTURE PREDICTION using based on the anisotropic method of prestack.
Fig. 5 a is fracture orientation AVO forward modeling schematic diagram, and Fig. 5 b is corresponding crack ellipse fitting figure.Such as Fig. 5 a and 5b institute
Show, when, there are when crack, the seismic amplitude and AVO curve of different direction have a certain difference, by this differentiation in stratum
Seismic properties etc. project in polar coordinate system, carry out crack ellipse fitting, be generally parallel to fractuer direction seismic amplitude it is relatively strong,
AVO changing features are larger, therefore the long axis direction of fitted ellipse represents the trend in crack, and fitted ellipse is more flat, represents crack
It more develops, development degree of micro cracks in oil, i.e. fracture spacing is characterized with ellipticity of ellipse.
Fig. 6 is azimuthal AVO intercept and gradient schematic diagram, and in figure, φ represents different orientation, and P is AVO intercept, G AVO
Gradient, the AVO curve of different direction, intercept is equal, gradient difference, this namely utilizes azimuthal anisotropy difference to carry out
The theoretical basis of FRACTURE PREDICTION.FRACTURE PREDICTION is carried out using seismic amplitude difference in conventional technique process, but due to open country
The defect of outer acquisition, to the appropriate excision that large offseting distance data carry out, and exactly in large offseting distance, individual character opposite sex feature is most
Obviously, therefore the precision of FRACTURE PREDICTION is a greater impact.In this improved techniqueflow, carried out using AVO gradient attribute
Ellipse fitting carries out FRACTURE PREDICTION, and first gradient attribute carries out binomial fitting independent of large offseting distance data, AVO curve
When, as long as theoretically two data points are assured that trend；Secondly AVO gradient attribute is quick compared with seismic amplitude attribute fracture
Perception is stronger, had done corresponding theoretical formula before and has derived, and had repeated no more.
Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b are respectively that conventional scheme and improvement project fracture spacing predict plan view.Such as Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b institute
To show, conventional scheme prediction result is more scattered, and it is not high with construction feature and the identical rate of drilling well measured result, and improvement project is pre-
It is stronger to survey regularity in result plane, it is preferable with the identical property of construction feature, drilling well actual measurement and geological knowledge.
In conclusion the present embodiment is optimized and changes to the conventional scheme based on longitudinal wave anisotropy FRACTURE PREDICTION
Into by selecting fracture anisotropic character more sensitive and seeking by the lesser AVO gradient attribute of large offseting distance data influence
Crack ellipse fitting is carried out, and carries out the prediction of fractuer direction and density.Implementation with this solution, has avoided conventional scheme
In, since field acquisition geometry limitation leads to large offseting distance loss of learning on the azimuth of part and have to large offseting distance
The way that data are cut off avoids human factor so that the high s/n ratio and the deep information of firsthand information are retained
Interference, improves the reliability of FRACTURE PREDICTION.In addition, due to gradient attribute compared with the amplitude attribute fracture in conventional scheme respectively to
Anisotropic feature is more sensitive, therefore also improves the precision of FRACTURE PREDICTION, reduces the wind of fracture reservoir exploration and development
Danger.
Embodiment three
Corresponding to above-described embodiment one and embodiment two, the embodiment of the invention provides one kind based on prestack longitudinal wave respectively to different
The fracture prediction system of property.
Fig. 8 shows structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention based on the anisotropic fracture prediction system of prestack longitudinal wave.
As shown in figure 8, the embodiment of the present invention based on the anisotropic fracture prediction system of prestack longitudinal wave, mainly include it is sequentially connected
Common midpoint gather data acquisition module 301, azimuth group division module 302, migration before stack module 303, incident angle gathers turn
Change the mold block 304 and FRACTURE PREDICTION module 305.
Specifically, common midpoint gather data acquisition module 301 is set as obtaining common midpoint gather based on seismic data
Data.Particularly, this forecasting system further includes dynamic correction process module (not shown), is set as before dividing azimuth group,
Dynamic correction process is carried out to the common midpoint gather data.
Azimuth group division module 302 is set as the common midpoint gather data being divided into multiple sides by azimuth
Parallactic angle group, and keep the amplitude of variation of each azimuth group almost the same.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, azimuth group is divided
Module 302 is specifically configured to: the common midpoint gather data are divided into 5-7 azimuth group by azimuth.
Migration before stack module 303 is set as successively for each azimuth group, corresponding concentrically to the azimuth group
Point trace gather data carry out migration before stack processing, obtain the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group.
Incident angle gathers conversion module 304 is set as carrying out the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group
Incident angle gathers conversion, and AVO attribution inversion is carried out, obtain the corresponding intercept of the azimuth group and gradient.
FRACTURE PREDICTION module 305 is set as predicting the development in crack according to the corresponding intercept of all azimuth groups and gradient
Direction and density.
Example IV
On the basis of embodiment three, fracture prediction module 305 optimizes the present embodiment.
Fig. 9 shows the structural schematic diagram of FRACTURE PREDICTION module 305 in the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in figure 9, FRACTURE PREDICTION
Module 305 includes that sequentially connected azimuth coverage presets unit 401, combining unit 402, average calculation unit 403, fitting list
Member 404 and FRACTURE PREDICTION unit 405.
Specifically, azimuth coverage presets unit 401, is set as presetting multiple azimuth coverages, and make not overlapping each other
Azimuth coverage cover 0-180 °.
Combining unit 402 is set as successively for preset each azimuth coverage, to cutting in the azimuth coverage
Away from merging with gradient, the corresponding azimuth puppet trace gather data of the azimuth coverage are obtained.
Average calculation unit 403 is set as the sliding window node-by-node algorithm mean value in the azimuth puppet trace gather data, obtains
To the corresponding mean value of the azimuth coverage.
Fitting unit 404 is set as based on the corresponding mean value of all azimuth coverages, and fitting anisotropy crack is oval.
FRACTURE PREDICTION unit 405 is set as predicting the hair in the crack according to the elliptical parameter in anisotropy crack
Educate direction and density.
In an of the invention preferred embodiment, FRACTURE PREDICTION unit 405 is specifically configured to: by by all azimuth models
Corresponding mean value is enclosed to project in polar coordinate system, it is oval to be fitted the anisotropy crack.
In conclusion the present embodiment is optimized and changes to the conventional scheme based on longitudinal wave anisotropy FRACTURE PREDICTION
Into by selecting fracture anisotropic character more sensitive and seeking by the lesser AVO gradient attribute of large offseting distance data influence
Crack ellipse fitting is carried out, and carries out the prediction of fractuer direction and density.Implementation with this solution, has avoided conventional scheme
In, since field acquisition geometry limitation leads to large offseting distance loss of learning on the azimuth of part and have to large offseting distance
The way that data are cut off avoids human factor so that the high s/n ratio and the deep information of firsthand information are retained
Interference, improves the reliability of FRACTURE PREDICTION.In addition, due to gradient attribute compared with the amplitude attribute fracture in conventional scheme respectively to
Anisotropic feature is more sensitive, therefore also improves the precision of FRACTURE PREDICTION, reduces the wind of fracture reservoir exploration and development
Danger.
It is worth noting that, the specific refinement of modules and the operation in unit in embodiment three and example IV, it can
Referring to the explanation above in conjunction with Fig. 1 to Fig. 7 to the method for the present invention (referring specifically to embodiment one and embodiment two), herein no longer in detail
Carefully repeat.
Those skilled in the art should be understood that each module of the above invention or each step can use general calculating
Device realizes that they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or be distributed in network constituted by multiple computing devices
On, optionally, they can be realized with the program code that computing device can perform, it is thus possible to be stored in storage
It is performed by computing device in device, perhaps they are fabricated to each integrated circuit modules or will be more in them
A module or step are fabricated to single integrated circuit module to realize.In this way, the present invention is not limited to any specific hardware and
Software combines.
While it is disclosed that embodiment content as above but described only to facilitate understanding the present invention and adopting
Embodiment is not intended to limit the invention.Any those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains are not departing from this
Under the premise of the disclosed spirit and scope of invention, any modification and change can be made in the implementing form and in details,
But protection scope of the present invention still should be subject to the scope of the claims as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is based on the anisotropic crack prediction method of prestack longitudinal wave characterized by comprising
Common midpoint gather data are obtained based on seismic data；
The common midpoint gather data are divided into multiple azimuth groups by azimuth, and make the amplitude of variation of each azimuth group
It is almost the same；
Successively for each azimuth group, the corresponding common midpoint gather data of the azimuth group are carried out at migration before stack
Reason, obtains the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group；
Incident angle gathers conversion is carried out to the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group, and carries out AVO attribution inversion,
Obtain the corresponding intercept of the azimuth group and gradient；
Multiple azimuth coverages are preset, and the azimuth coverage not overlapped each other is made to cover 0-180 °；
Successively for preset each azimuth coverage, in the azimuth coverage intercept and gradient merge, obtain
The corresponding azimuth puppet trace gather data of the azimuth coverage；
It is corresponding to obtain the azimuth coverage for the sliding window node-by-node algorithm mean value in the azimuth puppet trace gather data
Value；
Based on the corresponding mean value of all azimuth coverages, it is oval to be fitted anisotropy crack；
According to the elliptical parameter in anisotropy crack, development direction and the density in crack are predicted.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein before dividing azimuth group, the method also includes: it is right
The common midpoint gather data carry out dynamic correction process.
3. fitting is each the method according to claim 1, wherein being based on all azimuth coverages corresponding mean value
Anisotropy crack is oval, comprising:
It is ellipse to be fitted the anisotropy crack by projecting to all azimuth coverages corresponding mean value in polar coordinate system
Circle.
4. according to the method in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that press the common midpoint gather data
Azimuth is divided into 5-7 azimuth group.
5. one kind is based on the anisotropic fracture prediction system of prestack longitudinal wave characterized by comprising
Common midpoint gather data acquisition module is set as obtaining common midpoint gather data based on seismic data；
Azimuth group division module is set as the common midpoint gather data being divided into multiple azimuth groups by azimuth,
And keep the amplitude of variation of each azimuth group almost the same；
Migration before stack module is set as successively for each azimuth group, common midpoint gather corresponding to the azimuth group
Data carry out migration before stack processing, obtain the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group；
Incident angle gathers conversion module is set as carrying out incidence angle road to the corresponding CRP gather data of the azimuth group
Collection conversion, and AVO attribution inversion is carried out, obtain the corresponding intercept of the azimuth group and gradient；
FRACTURE PREDICTION module is set as presetting multiple azimuth coverages, and the azimuth coverage not overlapped each other is made to cover 0-
180 °, successively for preset each azimuth coverage, in the azimuth coverage intercept and gradient merge, obtain
The corresponding azimuth puppet trace gather data of the azimuth coverage, the sliding window node-by-node algorithm in the azimuth puppet trace gather data
Mean value obtains the corresponding mean value of the azimuth coverage, is based on the corresponding mean value of all azimuth coverages, and fitting anisotropy is split
Seam is oval, and according to the elliptical parameter in anisotropy crack, predicts development direction and the density in crack.
6. system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that further include dynamic correction process module, be set as in division side
Before parallactic angle group, dynamic correction process is carried out to the common midpoint gather data.
7. system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the FRACTURE PREDICTION module is specifically configured to:
It is ellipse to be fitted the anisotropy crack by projecting to all azimuth coverages corresponding mean value in polar coordinate system
Circle.
8. system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, which is characterized in that the azimuth group division module is specific
Setting are as follows: the common midpoint gather data are divided into 5-7 azimuth group by azimuth.
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| CN108761520B (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2019-12-10 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Method for designing parameters of seismic acquisition and observation system |
| CN109725350B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2020-09-08 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method, device and system for determining longitudinal wave azimuth anisotropy parameters |
| CN110174701A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-08-27 | 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 | A kind of prediction technique and device of Igneous rock invasion range |
| CN111158053B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2023-02-03 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Crack prediction method and device |
| CN111290021A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-16 | 北京奥能恒业能源技术有限公司 | Carbonate rock fracture-cave enhanced identification method based on gradient structure tensor spectrum decomposition |
| CN111337976B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2023-08-25 | 北京珠玛阳光科技有限公司 | Method for realizing velocity and azimuth anisotropy inversion of transverse wave in OVT (over-the-counter) domain |
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| CN114861515A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Calculation method, device, device and medium for layer velocity data volume |
| CN113094655B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-11-19 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | Method and device for analyzing and identifying anisotropic information structure of geological data |
| CN115494551B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2024-12-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Crack prediction method based on pre-stack AVO attribute, electronic equipment and medium |
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