CN107701645B - Composite magnetorheological fluid shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite magnetorheological fluid shock absorber, which comprises a shock absorber body and an external valve, wherein the shock absorber body mainly comprises an outer cylinder barrel, a middle cylinder barrel, a working cylinder barrel, a guider component, a piston assembly, a piston rod, a bottom valve component and the like, the external valve mainly comprises a lower support cover, a valve cover, a coil, a magnetism isolating barrel, a magnetism conducting barrel, an annular channel, a valve core, an adjusting nut, an upper support cover, an annular magnetism conducting block, a valve seat, a sealing ring, an external mounting seat and the like, wherein the structural layout mainly comprising a three-cylinder structure, a one-way valve and the external valve enables magnetorheological fluid to flow in a one-way mode through the external valve, the annular channel and the radial channel in the external valve are all controlled by a magnetic field, damping force regulation and control are mainly performed in the annular channel and the radial channel, the effective damping channel is remarkably increased, the utilization rate of the magnetic field is higher, the damping force adjusting range is larger, overload protection can be implemented under the conditions of overload and the fault conditions of the external valve can be widely matched in different fields under the conditions of basic rigidity and the external valve, and the universality is strong.

Description

A composite magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of shock absorbers, and is especially suitable for various types of automobile suspension systems, and can also be used for large machinery, high-speed trains, bridges, buildings, weapon systems, etc. Rheological fluid shock absorber.

Background technique

Because of its obvious advantages such as simple structure, quick response, low energy consumption, strong controllability, wide adjustable damping range, and continuous adjustable damping, magnetorheological fluid shock absorbers are widely used in automobile suspensions, large machine tools, Artillery systems, bridges, houses, large washing machines and other fields, especially the research and application in the field of automobile suspension are more extensive. Traditional magneto-rheological fluid shock absorbers are basically single-tube and double-tube structures, and some technical solutions add a bypass valve structure, but the corresponding technical features are still in the axial channel that is not directly facing the coil in the piston or bypass valve. Control, the adjustable damping channel is very limited, the utilization rate of the magnetic field is low, the adjustable damping range is greatly limited, and the shock absorber has poor versatility. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional technical solutions, new technical solutions such as multi-stage radial flow and multi-stage circumferential flow have certain effects in expanding the effective damping channel, but both of them make the volume of the shock absorber significantly increase, which is difficult to install in the suspension of automobiles. Layout within the rack system.

In response to the above problems, some researchers have carried out active work, trying to take into account the four key aspects of effective damping channel, magnetic field utilization, versatility, and volume. Vibrator, including oil seal, oil seal seat, guide, end cover, working cylinder, inner cylinder, shroud, piston rod, piston assembly, bottom valve assembly, magnetorheological fluid inside the shock absorber and Connectors for suspension system connections. In this structure, a spiral valve hole is provided in the guide, and the coil is arranged at a position close to the spiral valve hole of the guide, which extends the range of action of the magnetic field, increases the adjustment range of the damping force, and facilitates the arrangement of multi-turn coils and large currents. However, the effective damping channel of this structure is still limited, relying on multi-turn coils, large excitation current, and strong magnetic field to increase the damping range, has not yet got rid of the limitations of traditional technology, the length of the effective damping channel is limited, and cannot rely only on small excitation currents A large damping adjustment range can be produced by combining with a weak magnetic field, and matching in different fields cannot be achieved by changing the excitation current.

Therefore, the existing technical solutions have not broken through the corresponding technical limitations and obvious defects, and new technical solutions are urgently needed in four aspects of effective damping channels, magnetic field utilization, versatility, and volume.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a related structure and principle of a composite magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber, which can realize a significant increase in the length of the effective damping channel and the damping adjustment range, a weak magnetic field can generate a large damping force, and rely on current adjustment to achieve different The field is widely matched, and the volume of the shock absorber does not increase significantly. In a preferred solution, when the magneto-rheological fluid viscosity control device fails, the shock absorber can work in a passive mode to ensure safety.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A composite magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber, including a shock absorber body and an external valve installed on the shock absorber body, the shock absorber body is mainly composed of an outer cylinder, a middle cylinder, a working cylinder, and a guide component, piston assembly, piston rod and bottom valve assembly, the working cylinder is equipped with a piston assembly, the lower end of the piston rod is connected to the piston assembly through threads, and a sealing device is provided between the piston assembly and the working cylinder. Sliding fit, the piston rod is slidingly fitted with the guide assembly on the top of the working cylinder, the bottom port of the working cylinder is fixedly installed with a bottom valve assembly, the bottom of the bottom valve assembly communicates with the bottom cavity in the outer cylinder, One-way valves are respectively arranged in the piston assembly and the bottom valve assembly;

The upper end of the outer cylinder is inserted with a mounting sleeve and connected as a whole, the middle cylinder and the working cylinder are installed in the outer cylinder, the upper ends of the middle cylinder and the working cylinder are connected with the installation sleeve on the outer cylinder The guide assembly and the guide assembly are coaxially positioned with the outer cylinder through the shock absorber gland, the lower side of the middle cylinder is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the valve seat of the external valve, and the connection between the two ends of the middle cylinder and the working cylinder There is a sealing device; the space formed by the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the outer wall of the middle cylinder is the oil storage chamber, the space formed by the inner wall of the middle cylinder and the outer wall of the working cylinder is the middle chamber, and the inner space of the working cylinder is the working chamber , the piston assembly divides the working chamber into a recovery chamber and a compression chamber. With magnetorheological fluid;

The external valve includes a lower support cover, a valve cover, a coil, a magnetic isolation cylinder, a magnetic conduction cylinder, an annular channel, a valve core, an adjusting nut, an upper support cover, a ring magnetic guide block, a valve seat, a sealing ring and an outer mounting seat , the bottom end of the valve seat of the external valve extends into the connection interface on the middle cylinder, the bottom end of the valve seat is flush with the inner wall of the middle cylinder, and the valve core installed coaxially with the valve seat communicates with the middle cavity through the connection interface. The magneto-rheological fluid in the middle cavity flows in one direction through the external valve;

The outer wall of the lower end of the valve seat forms a second cavity with the outer mounting seat, and the second cavity communicates with the oil storage chamber, and the magnetorheological fluid in the external valve enters the second cavity through the radial oil return hole on the valve seat , one-way return to the oil storage chamber;

The center of the valve core is processed with an axial normal through hole, and the other end of the valve core is provided with a radial normal through hole. channel, secondary annular magnetic block, secondary annular channel;

The outer wall of the adjustment nut, the upper support cover, the first-stage annular magnetic conduction block, the first-stage annular channel, the second-stage annular magnetic conduction block, and the second-stage annular channel are coaxially equipped with a magnetic isolation cylinder and a magnetic conduction cylinder, and the magnetic isolation cylinder and The outer wall of the magnetic tube is covered with a coil, and the outer wall of the coil is in contact with the inner wall of the valve cover and valve seat and positioned;

The first-level annular magnetic permeable block and the second-level annular magnetic permeable block are respectively provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, and the upper and lower end surfaces of the first-level annular channel are respectively processed with first end surface normal through holes and the second end face normal through hole, the upper and lower end faces of the secondary annular channel are respectively processed with the third end face normal through hole and the fourth end face normal through hole, the space formed by the first ring magnetic permeable block and the basin-shaped upper support cover is the first cavity, the space formed by the lower end surface of the secondary annular channel and the valve seat is a radial channel, and the radial channel communicates with the second cavity;

The first through hole is aligned and communicated with the first end face normal through hole, the second end face normal through hole is aligned with and communicated with the second end face normal through hole, and the second end face normal through hole is aligned with the third end face normal through hole And communicated, the fourth end surface usually communicates with the radial channel through the hole; thus forming the entire perimeter of the first-level annular channel and the second-level annular channel, and the radial length of the radial channel are effective damping lengths.

As a preference, in the external valve, the upper and lower walls of the primary annular passage and the secondary annular passage adopt magnetically conductive materials, the inner and outer walls of the primary annular passage and the secondary annular passage adopt magnetic isolation materials; The block, the secondary annular magnetic block, the magnetic tube, the valve cover and the valve seat are made of magnetic material, and the valve core, the upper support cover and the magnetic tube are all made of magnetic material.

Preferably, the two ends of the middle cylinder adopt a diameter-reducing structure, and the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are used respectively to realize the sealing with the corresponding position of the working cylinder.

Preferably, the one-way valves arranged on the piston assembly are flow valves and stretching valves, the one-way valves installed on the bottom valve assembly are compensation valves and compression valves, and the flow valves and compensation valves are composed of thinner few-piece circles. The annular valve slices are stacked, and the stretch valve and compression valve are stacked by thicker multi-piece circular valve slices.

The working principle of the preferred one-way valve:

In the normal recovery stage, the piston assembly moves upward, the circulation valve, tension valve, and compression valve are in the normally closed state, the compensation valve is easy to open, and the magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber enters the middle chamber from the first normal through hole at the upper end of the working cylinder , converging to the oil storage chamber through the external valve, and the magnetorheological fluid in the oil storage chamber is compensated to the compression chamber through the compensation valve;

In the normal compression stage, the piston assembly goes down, the tension valve, compensation valve, and compression valve are in the normally closed state, the circulation valve is opened, the magnetorheological fluid in the compression chamber enters the recovery chamber through the circulation valve, and the magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber The liquid enters the middle chamber from the first normal through hole at the upper end of the working cylinder, and flows to the oil storage chamber through the external valve;

In the normal compression and recovery stages, the magnetorheological fluid flows through the external valve in one-way circulation and implements viscosity control to realize the regulation of damping force; under extreme working conditions, the tension valve and compression valve implement overload protection, properly open, and reduce vibration. The device works in passive mode to ensure safety.

The working principle of magnetorheological fluid in external valve:

In the external valve, the flow path of the magneto-rheological fluid from the middle chamber is the axial normal through hole, the radial normal through hole, the first cavity, the first through normal through hole, the first end face normal through hole, The primary annular channel, the second end face normal through hole, the second through normal through hole, the third end face normal through hole, the second level annular channel, the fourth end face normal through hole, the radial channel, the second cavity, return to the storage oil cavity;

In the external valve, the magnetorheological fluid from the normal through hole on the first end face enters the first-stage annular channel and is divided into two parts. The normal through hole and the third end surface normal through hole enter the secondary annular channel, and then divide the flow into two parts. After each part flows in the circumferential direction, it converges to the fourth end surface normal through hole. Cavity, return to the oil storage chamber;

In the external valve, the entire perimeter of the primary annular channel and the secondary annular channel is the effective damping length, and the controllable damping channel is greatly increased; the radial length of the radial channel is the effective controllable damping length, further increasing the damping effect;

The first-level annular channel, the second-level annular channel, and the radial channel in the external valve are all effective controllable damping channels, and the magnetic field lines must pass through the first-level annular channel, the second-level annular channel, the radial For the magnetorheological fluid in the radial channel, the circumferential flow direction of the magnetorheological fluid in the primary annular channel and the secondary annular channel is perpendicular to the magnetic force lines, and the radial flow direction of the magnetorheological fluid in the radial channel is perpendicular to the magnetic force lines ;

In the external valve, the magnetic field path is sequentially formed by a radial channel, a secondary annular channel, a secondary annular magnetic block, a primary annular channel, a primary annular magnetic block, a magnetic tube, a valve cover, and a valve seat to form a closed loop. Most of the magnetic force lines pass through the magnetorheological fluid in the primary annular channel, the secondary annular channel and the radial channel.

By adopting the above structure and principle, a compound magnetorheological fluid shock absorber provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention proposes a magnetorheological fluid shock absorber technical solution completely different from the existing structure. It adopts a three-cylinder structure and an external valve-based structural layout to form a one-way flow of magnetorheological fluid, and the damping force It is mainly controlled in the external valve; the effective damping channel is all controlled by the magnetic field, the utilization rate of the magnetic field is high, the damping force adjustment range is large, and the energy consumption is low; the external valve is simple in structure, small in size, low in cost, and easy to expand Easy and safe after failure can be fully guaranteed.

2. The corresponding structure and material of the shock absorber body are basically the same as those of ordinary oil shock absorbers. Only an additional intermediate cylinder is added, which does not greatly increase the extra diameter, which is convenient for installation in narrow spaces and reduces the production magnetic force. The cost of rheological fluid shock absorbers simplifies the process of developing new shock absorbers.

3. The external valve has a compact structure, a small number of parts and all of them are conventionally processed parts, small in size, convenient in maintenance, low in production and use costs, easy to expand and adjust damping, and only need to unscrew the adjusting nut to increase or decrease the number of annular channels , re-tightening, can achieve differentiated configuration and wide matching in different fields in the same field.

4. The utilization rate of the magnetic field is high, a weak magnetic field can generate a large damping force, the adjustable range is large, the number of coil turns is small, the excitation current is small, the energy consumption is low, and the heat generation is small.

5. The layout of the external valve is flexible, and it is easy to install at the lower position of the shock absorber body, and the increased tiny volume will not be restricted by the layout of the car chassis.

6. The external valve is used to control the damping, which avoids arranging the magnetic field in the narrow space of the piston assembly, facilitates the arrangement of coils and wires, and facilitates heat dissipation.

7. Due to the long controllable damping channel, the adjustable range is large, and different damping force ranges can be achieved by adjusting different excitation currents. The composite magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber satisfies the basic strength and stiffness conditions It can be applied in different fields and has strong versatility.

8. When the external valve completely fails or is blocked, the magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber can work in the way of a traditional passive shock absorber, showing hard damping characteristics and ensuring the driving safety of the car.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the main section of the overall structure.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the main cross-sectional structure of the external valve 12 .

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the guide assembly 6 in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the piston assembly 7 in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the bottom valve assembly 9 in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic flux path in the external valve 12 .

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the magnetorheological fluid flow path when the shock absorber is in the compression stroke.

FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged view of M in FIG. 8 .

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the magnetorheological fluid flow path when the shock absorber is in the recovery stroke.

FIG. 11 is a partial enlarged view of N in FIG. 10 .

Shown in the figure: shock absorber body (A), outer cylinder (1), middle cylinder (2), connection interface (2a), working cylinder (3), first normal through hole (3a), second First seal ring (4-1), second seal ring (4-2), installation sleeve (5), guide assembly (6), shock absorber gland (6-1), dust cover (6- 2), oil seal (6-3), third sealing ring (6-4), step seal (6-5), guide (6-6), guide bushing (6-7), piston assembly ( 7), limit seat (7-1), flow valve reed (7-2), flow valve (7-3), piston valve seat (7-4), stretch valve (7-5), spring seat (7-6), sealing guide ring (7-7), fourth sealing ring (7-8), guide sleeve (7-9), first spring (7-10), nut (7-11), piston Rod (8), bottom valve assembly (9), rivet (9-1), second spring (9-2), compensation valve (9-3), compression valve seat (9-4), compression valve (9- 5), lifting lug (10), lifting lug bushing (11), external valve (12), lower support cover (12-1), valve cover (12-2), coil (12-3), magnetic isolation Cylinder (12-4), magnetic conduction cylinder (12-5), annular channel (12-6), primary annular channel (12-61), first end face normal through hole (12-61a), second end face normal Through hole (12-61b), secondary annular channel (12-62), third end face normal through hole (12-62a), fourth end face normal through hole (12-62b), spool (12-7), Axial normal through hole (12-7a), radial normal through hole (12-7b), first boss (12-7c), adjusting nut (12-8), upper support cover (12-9), ring Magnetic block (12-10), first-stage annular magnetic block (12-101), first through hole (12-101a), second-level annular magnetic block (12-102), second through hole Hole (12-102a), valve seat (12-11), radial oil return hole (12-11a), boss ring groove (12-11b), second boss (12-11c), fifth sealing ring (12-12), outer mount (12-13), second cavity (12-13a), radial channel (12-14), first cavity (12-15), sixth sealing ring (12 -16), oil storage chamber (X), intermediate chamber (Y), working chamber (Z), recovery chamber (Z-1), compression chamber (Z-2).

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a composite magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber includes a shock absorber body A and an external valve 12. The shock absorber body A is mainly composed of an outer cylinder 1 and a middle cylinder 2. , Working cylinder 3, First sealing ring 4-1, Second sealing ring 4-2, Mounting sleeve 5, Guide assembly 6, Piston assembly 7, Piston rod 8, Bottom valve assembly 9, Lifting lug 10, Lug bushing 11, external valve 12 includes lower support cover 12-1, valve cover 12-2, coil 12-3, magnetic isolation cylinder 12-4, magnetic conduction cylinder 12-5, annular channel 12-6, Spool 12-7, adjusting nut 12-8, upper support cover 12-9, annular magnetic block 12-10, valve seat 12-11, fifth sealing ring 12-12, outer mounting seat 12-13.

The middle cylinder 2 and the working cylinder 3 are coaxially installed in the outer cylinder 1, the space formed by the inner wall of the outer cylinder 1 and the outer wall of the middle cylinder 2 is the oil storage chamber X, and the inner wall of the middle cylinder 2 and the working cylinder The space formed by the outer wall of the cylinder 3 is the intermediate chamber Y, the inner space of the working cylinder 3 is the working chamber Z, and the piston assembly 7 divides the working chamber Z into the recovery chamber Z-1 and the compression chamber Z-2, the oil storage chamber X, Magneto-rheological fluid is installed in the intermediate chamber Y, the recovery chamber Z-1 in the working chamber Z, and the compression chamber Z-2.

The two ends of the middle cylinder 2 adopt a reduced-diameter structure, and the first sealing ring 4-1 and the second sealing ring 4-2 are respectively used to realize the sealing effect on the corresponding position of the working cylinder 3, so as to avoid the leakage of the magnetorheological fluid from the middle cavity Y to oil chamber X.

The working cylinder 3 is coaxially positioned with the outer cylinder 1 through the installation sleeve 5 and the guide assembly 6, and the shock absorber gland 6-1 is threadedly connected with the installation sleeve 5, and the shock absorber gland 6-1 Position and fasten the installation sleeve 5 and the guide assembly 6.

The lower end of the piston rod 8 is fixedly connected with the piston assembly 7 through threads, and the upper end of the piston rod 8 is slidably matched with the guide assembly 6 to ensure the axial movement of the piston rod 8. The flow valve 7-3 and the stretch valve 7-5 are integrated In the piston assembly 7, the bottom valve assembly 9 is installed in the space between the bottom end of the outer cylinder 1 and the bottom end of the working cylinder 3, and the outer surface of the bottom of the outer cylinder 1 is provided with a connecting lug 10 for the suspension system And lug bushing 11.

The external valve 12 is coaxially installed in the external mounting seat 12-13 as a whole, and the external mounting seat 12-13 is welded on the outer surface of the lower end of the outer cylinder 1. The external mounting seat 12-13 is connected with the valve cover of the external valve 12 12-2. The interference fit of the joint position of the valve seat 12-11 realizes the radial positioning and fastening of the external valve 12, and a fifth sealing ring 12 is installed between the external mounting seat 12-13 and the valve seat 12-11 -12.

The bottom end of the valve seat 12-11 in the external valve 12 passes through the outer cylinder 1, and extends into the intermediate cavity Y through the connection interface 2a on the intermediate cylinder 2, so as to realize the communication between the external valve 12 and the intermediate cavity Y, which is convenient The magnetorheological fluid in the middle cavity Y flows in one direction through the external valve 12; the top position of the connection interface 2a limits the position of the valve seat 12-11, ensuring that the bottom inlet of the valve seat 12-11 extends into the middle The position where the inner surface of cavity Y is flush.

A sixth sealing ring 12-16 is installed between the outer surface of the bottom end of the valve seat 12-11 and the inner wall of the connecting interface 2a, and between the outer surface of the lower end of the valve seat 12-11 and the inner surface of the lower end of the outer mounting seat 12-13. The second cavity 12-13a is formed, and the second cavity 12-13a communicates with the oil storage chamber X, so that the magnetorheological fluid in the external valve 12 can pass through the radial oil return hole 12-11a on the valve seat 12-11 Enter the second cavity 12-13a, and flow back to the oil storage chamber X in one direction.

As shown in Figures 2, 3 and 6, the valve seat 12-11 is the base of the external valve 12, the valve core 12-7 is coaxially installed in the valve seat 12-11, the lower support cover 12-1, the upper support cover 12 -9. The valve seat 12-11 axially positions the valve core 12-7, and the interference fit between the lower end of the valve core 12-7 and the inner wall of the valve seat 12-11 prevents the magnetorheological fluid from directly leaking into the oil storage chamber X.

The center of the spool 12-7 is processed with an axial normal through hole 12-7a, the other end of the spool is provided with a radial normal through hole 12-7b, an adjusting nut 12-8, an upper support cover 12-9, a first-stage annular The magnetic guide block 12-101, the first-level annular channel 12-61, the second-level annular magnetic guide block 12-102, and the second-level annular channel 12-62 are all coaxially set on the outer wall of the valve core 12-7, and pass through the valve core 12- 7 for radial positioning.

The first boss 12-7c on the valve core 12-7 and the second boss 12-11c in the valve seat 12-11 are the axial support parts of the secondary annular channel 12-62, and the secondary annular channel 12-62 Install the second-level annular magnetic conduction block 12-102, the first-level annular channel 12-61, the first-level annular magnetic conduction block 12-101 in turn, and the bottom plane of the upper support cover 12-9 and the first-level annular magnetic conduction block 12 The upper end surface of -101 is in contact with, and the upper support cover 12-9, the first boss 12-7c, and the second boss 12-11c are jointly connected to the first-level annular magnetic conduction block 12-101, the first-level annular passage 12-61, and the second The first-level annular magnetic block 12-102 and the second-level annular channel 12-62 are axially positioned and fastened.

The outer wall of the first-level annular magnetic conduction block 12-101, the first-level annular passage 12-61, the second-level annular magnetic conduction block 12-102, and the second-level annular passage 12-62 is coaxially equipped with a magnetic isolation cylinder 12-4 and a magnetic conduction The cylinder 12-5, the outer wall of the magnetic isolation cylinder 12-4 and the magnetic conduction cylinder 12-5 are coaxially fitted with a coil 12-3, and the coil 12-3 is in contact with and positioned on the inner wall of the valve cover 12-2 and the valve seat 12-11.

The first-level annular magnetic permeable block 12-101 and the second-level annular magnetic permeable block 12-102 are respectively provided with a first through-hole 12-101a and a second through-hole 12-102a, and the first-level annular passage 12-61 The upper and lower end faces are respectively processed with a first end face normal through hole 12-61a and a second end face normal through hole 12-61b, and the upper and lower end faces of the secondary annular channel 12-62 are respectively processed with a third end face normal through hole 12-61b. 62a and the fourth end surface normal through hole 12-62b, the space formed by the first-stage annular magnetic permeable block 12-101 and the basin-shaped upper support cover 12-9 is the first cavity 12-15, and the second-stage annular passage 12-62 The space formed by the lower end surface of the valve seat and the valve seat 12-11 is a radial channel 12-14, and the radial channel 12-14 communicates with the second cavity 12-13a.

The first through hole 12-101a is aligned and communicated with the first end face normal through hole 12-61a, and the second end face normal through hole 12-61b is aligned and communicated with the second through hole 12-102a. The through hole 12-102a is aligned with and communicates with the third end surface normal through hole 12-62a, and the fourth end surface normal through hole 12-62b communicates with the radial channel 12-14.

The upper and lower surfaces of the magnetic isolation cylinder 12-4 are respectively connected with the ring groove 12-11b of the boss and the magnetic conduction cylinder 12-5 by means of low-temperature welding. The inner wall of the magnetic tube 12-5 is in contact with the inner surface of the upper end of the magnetic tube 12-5 and the adjustment nut 12-8 is connected by threads, and the inner cavity of the adjustment nut 12-8 is in contact with the top of the valve core 12-7 and the upper support cover 12-9 and implements the shaft To locate and fasten, the valve cover 12-2 and the valve seat 12-11 achieve interference fit at the contact position.

The bonnet 12-2 and the adjusting nut 12-8 are used for the axial positioning and fastening of the entire external valve 12. The adjusting nut 12-8 can compensate for the manufacturing and assembly errors of the external valve 12, and is also convenient for adjusting the number of parts. Realize differentiated configuration and application in different fields.

As shown in Figures 2 and 4, the guide assembly 6 is provided with a dust cover 6-2, an oil seal 6-3, a third sealing ring 6-4, a Ster seal 6-5, a guide 6-6, and a guide bushing The sleeve 6-7, the guide 6-6 extends into the working cylinder 3 from the top part of the working cylinder 3, the highest plane of the working cylinder 3 limits the guide 6-6, and the inner wall of the lower end of the guide 6-6 A guide bush 6-7 is coaxially installed, a third sealing ring 6-4 is installed between the outer wall of the guide 6-6 and the installation sleeve 5, and the oil seal 6-3 in the piston rod 8 and the guide assembly 6, Ster seal 6-5, guider 6-6, guide bush 6-7 and other parts slide fit to ensure the axial movement of piston rod 8 and prevent the leakage of magnetorheological fluid as much as possible.

As shown in Figures 2, 5, and 6, the piston assembly 7 is provided with a flow valve 7-3 and a tension valve 7-5, and the bottom valve assembly 9 is equipped with a compensation valve 9-3 and a compression valve 9-5, and the flow valve 7-3, tension valve 7-5, compensation valve 9-3, and compression valve 9-5 are all one-way valves, and flow valve 7-3 and compensation valve 9-3 are made of thinner circular valve pieces It is formed by stacking, and the stretching valve 7-5 and the compression valve 9-5 are formed by stacking thicker multi-piece annular valve plates.

In the normal recovery stage, the piston assembly 7 moves upward, the circulation valve 7-3, stretch valve 7-5, and compression valve 9-5 are in the normally closed state, and the magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber Z-1 is released from the upper end of the working cylinder 3. The first normal through hole 3a enters the intermediate cavity Y, and flows to the oil storage cavity X through the external valve 12;

The magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber Z-1 and the compression chamber Z-2 does not flow directly, and the difference between the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid in the oil storage chamber X and the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid in the compression chamber Z-2 can be compensated After the valve 9-3 opens the critical pressure difference, the compensation valve 9-3 is properly opened, and the magneto-rheological fluid in the oil storage chamber X is compensated to the compression chamber Z-2 through the compensation valve 9-3, compensating for the magneto-rheological fluid in the compression chamber Z-2. Insufficient rheological fluid volume;

In the normal compression stage, the piston assembly 7 descends, the tension valve 7-5, compensation valve 9-3, and compression valve 9-5 are in the normally closed state, the flow valve 7-3 is opened, and the magneto-rheological flow in the compression chamber Z-2 The magneto-rheological fluid in the recovery chamber Z-1 directly enters the recovery chamber Z-1 through the circulation valve 7-3, and the magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber Z-1 enters the middle chamber Y through the first normal through hole 3a at the upper end of the working cylinder 3, and passes through the external valve 12 Merge to the oil storage chamber X;

In the normal compression and recovery stages, the magnetorheological fluid flows through the external valve 12 in one-way circulation and implements viscosity control to realize the regulation of the damping force;

When the flow of magnetorheological fluid in the external valve 12 is relatively difficult, the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid in the external valve 12, the intermediate chamber Y, and the recovery chamber Z-1 during the restoration process is very high, and the restoration chamber Z-1 and the compression chamber The pressure difference of the magneto-rheological fluid in Z-2 forces the compensation valve 9-3 to open a small opening, showing hard damping characteristics, avoiding system damage caused by blockage, damage, and excessive excitation current of the external valve 12, and ensuring driving safety; When the flow of the magnetorheological fluid in the valve 12 is relatively difficult, the pressure of the magnetorheological fluid in the external valve 12, the intermediate chamber Y, and the recovery chamber Z-1 during the compression process is very high, and the opening of the flow valve 7-3 is greatly affected. Large suppression, the compression valve 9-5 is opened with a slight opening, and the magneto-rheological fluid in the compression chamber Z-2 leaks to the oil storage chamber X, ensuring that the piston assembly has a certain movement ability and avoiding system damage;

Under extreme working conditions, the tension valve 7-5 and the compensation valve 9-3 are forced to open, the shock absorber body A returns to the passive shock absorber working mode, and the composite magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber is in the position of the external valve 12. The active control mode and the passive mode of the shock absorber body A work at the same time, avoiding excessive damping force and small piston assembly stroke, and implementing overload protection.

As shown in Figures 2, 3, and 7, the path of the magnetic field is sequentially composed of a radial channel 12-14, a secondary annular channel 12-62, a secondary annular magnetic block 12-102, and a primary annular channel 12-102 as shown by the arrows. 61. The first-level annular magnetic guide block 12-101, the magnetic guide tube 12-5, the valve cover 12-2, and the valve seat 12-11 form a closed loop, and most of the magnetic force lines pass through the first-level annular passage 12-61 vertically. The magnetorheological fluid in the secondary annular channel 12-62 and the radial channel 12-14, the circumferential flow direction of the magnetorheological fluid in the primary annular channel 12-61 and the secondary annular channel 12-62 is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines , the radial flow direction of the magnetorheological fluid in the radial channels 12-14 is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.

The upper and lower walls of the first-level annular channel 12-61 and the second-level annular channel 12-62 adopt magnetically conductive materials, and the inner and outer walls of the first-level annular channel 12-61 and the second-level annular channel 12-62 adopt magnetic isolation materials. The first-stage annular magnetic block 12-101, the second-stage annular magnetic block 12-102, the magnetic barrel 12-5, the valve cover 12-2, and the valve seat 12-11 are made of magnetic materials, and the valve core 12-7 and upper support The cover 12-9 and the magnetic isolation cylinder 12-4 all adopt magnetic isolation materials.

As shown by the arrows in Figures 2, 3, 8, and 9, during the normal compression stage, the piston assembly 7 descends, the tension valve 7-5, the compensation valve 9-3, and the compression valve 9-5 are in a normally closed state, and the flow valve 7 -3 is turned on, the magnetorheological fluid in the compression chamber Z-2 enters the recovery chamber Z-1 through the circulation valve 7-3, and the magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber Z-1 passes through the first normal through hole 3a, the middle Cavity Y, connection interface 2a, axial normal through hole 12-7a, radial normal through hole 12-7b, first cavity 12-15, first through through normal through hole 12-101a, first end face normal through hole 12 -61a, primary annular channel 12-61, second end face normal through hole 12-61b, second through normal through hole 12-102a, third end face normal through hole 12-62a, secondary annular channel 12-62, the second The four end faces normally through holes 12-62b, radial passages 12-14, and the second cavity 12-13a return to the oil storage chamber X.

As shown by the arrows in Figures 2, 3, 10, and 11, in the normal recovery stage, the piston assembly 7 moves upward, the flow valve 7-3, stretch valve 7-5, and compression valve 9-5 are in a normally closed state, and the compensation valve 9 -3 Easy to open, the magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber Z-1 sequentially passes through the first normal through hole 3a, the middle cavity Y, the connection interface 2a, the axial normal through hole 12-7a, and the radial normal through hole 12-7b , the first cavity 12-15, the first through hole 12-101a, the first end face normal through hole 12-61a, the primary annular channel 12-61, the second end face normal through hole 12-61b, the second through hole Normal through hole 12-102a, third end face normal through hole 12-62a, secondary annular channel 12-62, fourth end face normal through hole 12-62b, radial channel 12-14, second cavity 12-13a, Return to oil reservoir X.

When the magnetorheological fluid pressure in the oil storage chamber X is greater than the magnetorheological fluid pressure in the compression chamber Z-2, the compensation valve 9-3 is opened, and the magnetorheological fluid in the oil storage chamber X is compensated by the compensation valve 9-3 Into the compression chamber Z-2, make up for the insufficient volume in the compression chamber Z-2, and avoid the empty stroke phenomenon.

As shown in Figures 3, 8, 9, 10, and 11, no matter in the compression or recovery stage, the magnetorheological fluid flows in one direction through the external valve 12, and the magnetorheological fluid from the normal through hole 12-61a on the first end face After entering the first-level annular channel 12-61, the flow is divided into two parts, and after each part flows in the circumferential direction, the flow converges to the second end surface normal through hole 12-61b, the second through normal through hole 12-102a, and the third end surface normal through hole. The hole 12-62a enters the secondary annular channel 12-62, and is divided into two parts again. After each part flows in the circumferential direction, it converges to the fourth end face normal through hole 12-62b, and the radial flow through the radial channel 12-14 Enter the second cavity 12-13a, and return to the oil storage chamber X.

The entire perimeter of the primary annular channel 12-61 and the secondary annular channel 12-62 is the effective damping length, and the controllable damping channel is greatly increased; the radial length of the radial channel 12-14 is the effective controllable damping length, further increasing Damping effect.

Claims (5)

1. A composite magnetorheological fluid shock absorber, characterized in that: comprise a shock absorber body (A) and an external valve (12) installed on the shock absorber body (A), The shock absorber body (A) is mainly composed of outer cylinder (1), middle cylinder (2), working cylinder (3), guide assembly (6), piston assembly (7), piston rod (8) and Bottom valve assembly (9), the working cylinder (3) is provided with a piston assembly (7), the lower end of the piston rod (8) is connected with the piston assembly (7) through threads, and the piston assembly (7) is connected with the piston assembly (7). A sealing device is provided between the working cylinders (3) and is slidably fitted, the piston rod (8) is slidably fitted with the guide assembly (6) on the top of the working cylinder (3), and the lower port of the working cylinder (3) A bottom valve assembly (9) is fixedly installed, the bottom of the bottom valve assembly (9) communicates with the bottom cavity in the outer cylinder (1), and the piston assembly (7) and the bottom valve assembly (9) are respectively equipped with check valve; The upper end of the outer cylinder (1) is inserted with a mounting sleeve (5) and connected as a whole, the middle cylinder (2) and the working cylinder (3) are installed in the outer cylinder (1), and the middle cylinder ( 2) and the upper end of the working cylinder (3) and the installation sleeve (5) and guider assembly (6) on the outer cylinder (1) are connected to the outer cylinder through the shock absorber gland (6-1). (1) Coaxial positioning, the lower side of the middle cylinder (2) is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the valve seat (12-11) of the external valve (12), and the two ends of the middle cylinder (2) are connected with the working cylinder ( 3) The connecting part is provided with a sealing device; the space formed by the inner wall of the outer cylinder (1) and the outer wall of the middle cylinder (2) is the oil storage chamber (X), and the inner wall of the middle cylinder (2) and the working cylinder The space formed by the outer wall of (3) is the intermediate chamber (Y), the inner space of the working cylinder (3) is the working chamber (Z), and the piston assembly (7) divides the working chamber (Z) into the recovery chamber (Z-1 ) and the compression chamber (Z-2), the first normal through hole (3a) is provided between the recovery chamber (Z-1) and the intermediate chamber (Y), the oil storage chamber (X), the intermediate chamber (Y), the working chamber Both the recovery chamber (Z-1) and the compression chamber (Z-2) in the chamber (Z) are filled with magnetorheological fluid; The external valve (12) includes a lower support cover (12-1), a valve cover (12-2), a coil (12-3), a magnetic isolation cylinder (12-4), a magnetic permeability cylinder (12-5) , annular channel (12-6), spool (12-7), adjusting nut (12-8), upper support cover (12-9), annular magnetic block (12-10), valve seat (12-11 ), the fifth sealing ring (12-12) and the outer mounting seat (12-13), the bottom end of the valve seat (12-11) of the outer valve (12) extends into the connecting interface ( In 2a), the bottom end of the valve seat (12-11) is flush with the inner wall of the middle cylinder (2), and the valve core (12-7) installed coaxially with the valve seat (12-11) passes through the connecting interface (2a) It communicates with the middle cavity (Y), and the magnetorheological fluid in the middle cavity (Y) flows in one direction through the external valve (12); The outer wall of the lower end of the valve seat (12-11) forms a second cavity (12-13a) with the outer mounting seat (12-13), and the second cavity (12-13a) communicates with the oil storage chamber (X). The magnetorheological fluid in the valve (12) enters the second cavity (12-13a) through the radial oil return hole (12-11a) on the valve seat (12-11), and flows back to the oil storage chamber ( X); The center of the spool (12-7) is processed with an axial normally through hole (12-7a), and the other end of the spool is provided with a radially through hole (12-7b), and the outer wall of the spool (12-7) is the same as The shaft sleeve is equipped with an adjusting nut (12-8), an upper support cover (12-9), a primary annular magnetic block (12-101), a primary annular channel (12-61), a secondary annular magnetic block (12 -102), secondary annular channel (12-62); The adjusting nut (12-8), the upper support cover (12-9), the primary annular magnetic block (12-101), the primary annular channel (12-61), the secondary annular magnetic block (12- 102), the outer wall of the secondary annular channel (12-62) is coaxially equipped with a magnetic isolation cylinder (12-4) and a magnetic conduction cylinder (12-5), and a magnetic isolation cylinder (12-4) and a magnetic conduction cylinder (12 -5) the outer wall of the coil (12-3), the outer wall of the coil (12-3) is in contact with the inner wall of the valve cover (12-2) and the valve seat (12-11) and positioned; The first-level annular magnetic permeable block (12-101) and the second-level annular magnetic permeable block (12-102) are respectively provided with a first through-hole (12-101a) and a second through-hole (12-102a) ), the upper and lower end surfaces of the primary annular channel (12-61) are respectively processed with the first end surface normal through hole (12-61a) and the second end surface normal through hole (12-61b), the secondary annular channel (12- 62) The upper and lower end surfaces are respectively processed with the third end surface normal through hole (12-62a) and the fourth end surface normal through hole (12-62b), the first-level annular magnetic block (12-101) and the basin-shaped upper The space formed by the support cover (12-9) is the first cavity (12-15), and the space formed by the lower end surface of the secondary annular passage (12-62) and the valve seat (12-11) is the radial passage (12 -14), the radial channel (12-14) communicates with the second cavity (12-13a); The first through hole (12-101a) is aligned with and connected to the first end face normal through hole (12-61a), and the second end face normal through hole (12-61b) is connected to the second end face normal through hole (12-61a). 102a) are aligned and communicated, the second through hole (12-102a) is aligned and communicated with the third end surface normal through hole (12-62a), the fourth end surface normal through hole (12-62b) is connected with the radial channel (12 -14) interlinked; Thus, the entire circumference of the primary annular channel (12-61) and the secondary annular channel (12-62), and the radial length of the radial channel (12-14) are all effective damping lengths. 2. A composite magnetorheological fluid shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the external valve (12), the primary annular passage (12-61) and the secondary annular passage (12-61) The upper and lower walls of 62) adopt magnetically conductive materials, the inner and outer walls of the first-level annular channel (12-61) and the second-level annular channel (12-62) adopt magnetically isolated materials; the first-level annular magnetically conductive block (12-101 ), the secondary annular magnetic block (12-102), the magnetic barrel (12-5), the valve cover (12-2), the valve seat (12-11) are made of magnetic material, and the valve core (12-7) , the upper support cover (12-9), and the magnetic isolation cylinder (12-4) are all made of magnetic isolation materials; Thus, the magnetic field path consists of radial channel (12-14), secondary annular channel (12-62), secondary annular magnetic permeable block (12-102), primary annular channel (12-61), primary annular channel The magnetic guide block (12-101), the magnetic guide tube (12-5), the valve cover (12-2), and the valve seat (12-11) form a closed loop, and most of the magnetic force lines pass through the first-level annular passage ( 12-61), the magnetorheological fluid in the secondary annular channel (12-62), the radial channel (12-14), the primary annular channel (12-61) and the secondary annular channel (12-62) The circumferential flow direction of the magnetorheological fluid is perpendicular to the magnetic force lines, and the radial flow direction of the magnetorheological fluid in the radial channel (12-14) is perpendicular to the magnetic force lines. 3. A composite magnetorheological fluid shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two ends of the middle cylinder (2) adopt a diameter-reducing structure, and respectively adopt the first sealing ring (4- 1) and the second sealing ring (4-2) realize the sealing with the corresponding position of the working cylinder (3). 4. A composite magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the one-way valve arranged on the piston assembly (7) is a flow valve (7-3) and a stretching Valve (7-5), the one-way valve installed on the bottom valve assembly (9) is compensation valve (9-3) and compression valve (9-5), flow valve (7-3) and compensation valve (9-3 ) is formed by stacking a few thin circular valve discs, and the stretch valve (7-5) and compression valve (9-5) are formed by superimposed thicker multiple circular valve plates. 5. A composite magneto-rheological fluid shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the normal recovery stage, the piston assembly (7) goes up, the flow valve (7-3), the tension valve (7) -5), the compression valve (9-5) is in the normally closed state, the compensation valve (9-3) is easy to open, and the magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber (Z-1) is supplied by the first valve at the upper end of the working cylinder (3). The normal through hole (3a) enters the middle cavity (Y), and flows to the oil storage cavity (X) through the external valve (12), and the magnetorheological fluid in the oil storage cavity (X) is compensated by the compensation valve (9-3) to the compression chamber (Z-2); In the normal compression stage, the piston assembly (7) goes down, the stretch valve (7-5), compensation valve (9-3), and compression valve (9-5) are in a normally closed state, and the flow valve (7-3) is opened. The magnetorheological fluid in the compression chamber (Z-2) enters the recovery chamber (Z-1) through the circulation valve (7-3), and the magnetorheological fluid in the recovery chamber (Z-1) is released from the working cylinder (3 ) The first normal through hole (3a) at the upper end enters the middle cavity (Y), and flows to the oil storage cavity (X) through the external valve (12); In the normal compression and recovery stages, the magnetorheological fluid flows through the external valve (12) in one-way circulation and implements viscosity control to realize the regulation of the damping force; under extreme working conditions, the stretching valve (7-5) and compression valve ( 9-5) Implement overload protection, turn it on properly, and the shock absorber works in passive mode.

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